Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2135155
A. Bonifacio, Genaro Aroni, Milton Villca, J. Bentley
ABSTRACT Our objective was to research ways to introduce regenerative agriculture into the fragile landscape of the Southern Altiplano of Bolivia. The quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) boom (2010–2014) had stimulated farmers to clear large areas of native vegetation: a climax community of shrubs, grasses and cacti. Most fields were soon abandoned, and native plants did not grow back spontaneously. Wind was rapidly eroding the sandy soils. Botanical exploration, informed by local knowledge, discovered species and ecotypes of wild plants, especially shrubs, legumes, grasses and cacti that could be grown as intercrops and as live barriers to control erosion. These plants were evaluated in farmers’ fields, using participatory research. New varieties of quinoa were developed by conventional plant breeding. Researchers learned to grow wild shrubs and grasses in live barriers, to control soil erosion. Wild, native lupines were cultivated for the first time, to use as cover crops. Native cacti were grown in nurseries to encourage farmers to plant them near fields. The new quinoa varieties were better adapted to the local environment. We conclude that this innovative, broad-spectrum research agenda is a kind of plant breeding at the level of the whole landscape. These multiple lines of research are important for developing a diverse, integrated, regenerative agriculture.
{"title":"Recovering from quinoa: regenerative agricultural research in Bolivia","authors":"A. Bonifacio, Genaro Aroni, Milton Villca, J. Bentley","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2135155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2135155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our objective was to research ways to introduce regenerative agriculture into the fragile landscape of the Southern Altiplano of Bolivia. The quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) boom (2010–2014) had stimulated farmers to clear large areas of native vegetation: a climax community of shrubs, grasses and cacti. Most fields were soon abandoned, and native plants did not grow back spontaneously. Wind was rapidly eroding the sandy soils. Botanical exploration, informed by local knowledge, discovered species and ecotypes of wild plants, especially shrubs, legumes, grasses and cacti that could be grown as intercrops and as live barriers to control erosion. These plants were evaluated in farmers’ fields, using participatory research. New varieties of quinoa were developed by conventional plant breeding. Researchers learned to grow wild shrubs and grasses in live barriers, to control soil erosion. Wild, native lupines were cultivated for the first time, to use as cover crops. Native cacti were grown in nurseries to encourage farmers to plant them near fields. The new quinoa varieties were better adapted to the local environment. We conclude that this innovative, broad-spectrum research agenda is a kind of plant breeding at the level of the whole landscape. These multiple lines of research are important for developing a diverse, integrated, regenerative agriculture.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"687 - 708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44564380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2126419
Roland Ebel
ABSTRACT Creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, is one of the most common weeds in temperate climates. Frequently classified as an invasive species, it is the cause of massive herbicide and tillage use. Especially in organic systems, the plant is hard to manage. Little is known about creeping thistle being entirely edible and having diverse medicinal properties. Additionally, it has potential to be used as food preservative and provides essential ecosystem services. This systematic literature review provides evidence of creeping thistle uses from 56 peer-reviewed journals and 37 popular media references. It discusses potential uses and phytochemical properties of specific plant parts. Findings identify the stem as the most promising part for food use. Creeping thistle has elevated flavonoid (flower) and inulin (root) contents, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties respectively. The discussion contrasts the potential of creeping thistle of becoming a multi-purpose crop with its classification as a noxious weed.
{"title":"Eating instead of managing it?–a systematic literature review on potential uses of creeping thistle as food and medicinal plant","authors":"Roland Ebel","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2126419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2126419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, is one of the most common weeds in temperate climates. Frequently classified as an invasive species, it is the cause of massive herbicide and tillage use. Especially in organic systems, the plant is hard to manage. Little is known about creeping thistle being entirely edible and having diverse medicinal properties. Additionally, it has potential to be used as food preservative and provides essential ecosystem services. This systematic literature review provides evidence of creeping thistle uses from 56 peer-reviewed journals and 37 popular media references. It discusses potential uses and phytochemical properties of specific plant parts. Findings identify the stem as the most promising part for food use. Creeping thistle has elevated flavonoid (flower) and inulin (root) contents, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties respectively. The discussion contrasts the potential of creeping thistle of becoming a multi-purpose crop with its classification as a noxious weed.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"595 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2127040
Adino Andaregie, T. Astatkie
ABSTRACT Although accurate forecasting of the production of major cereal crops is important to make policy decisions related to their supply, demand and import/export, very little work has been done in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the best performing trend models for area, production, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], and maize (Zea mays L.) in Ethiopia, and to provide forecasts for 2019 to 2023. For each crop, the best-performing model was selected among linear, quadratic, exponential growth, and S-curve trend models using five performance measures (mean absolute percent error [MAPE], mean absolute deviation [MAD], mean squared deviation [MSD], coefficient of efficiency [E], and index of agreement [d]). Quadratic trend model was the best for area of wheat and teff, production of wheat, teff, and maize, and wheat and maize yields. S-curve and Linear trend models were the best for area of maize and yield of teff, respectively. Forecasts for 2019 to 2023 using the best-performing model revealed that cultivated area for these three cereals will decrease by 3,581 ha in Ethiopia, but their combined total production will increase by 4,896,630 tons, and productivity of wheat, teff, and maize will increase by 20.3%, 13.2%, and 13.8%, respectively, which is slightly higher than the projected population growth (10.9%) during this time. Although these results indicate that Ethiopia is on track to meet the second SDG, government policymakers and other stakeholders can use these findings to ensure sustainable food and nutrition security in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Growth models for forecasting the area, production and yield of major cereal crops in Ethiopia","authors":"Adino Andaregie, T. Astatkie","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2127040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2127040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although accurate forecasting of the production of major cereal crops is important to make policy decisions related to their supply, demand and import/export, very little work has been done in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the best performing trend models for area, production, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], and maize (Zea mays L.) in Ethiopia, and to provide forecasts for 2019 to 2023. For each crop, the best-performing model was selected among linear, quadratic, exponential growth, and S-curve trend models using five performance measures (mean absolute percent error [MAPE], mean absolute deviation [MAD], mean squared deviation [MSD], coefficient of efficiency [E], and index of agreement [d]). Quadratic trend model was the best for area of wheat and teff, production of wheat, teff, and maize, and wheat and maize yields. S-curve and Linear trend models were the best for area of maize and yield of teff, respectively. Forecasts for 2019 to 2023 using the best-performing model revealed that cultivated area for these three cereals will decrease by 3,581 ha in Ethiopia, but their combined total production will increase by 4,896,630 tons, and productivity of wheat, teff, and maize will increase by 20.3%, 13.2%, and 13.8%, respectively, which is slightly higher than the projected population growth (10.9%) during this time. Although these results indicate that Ethiopia is on track to meet the second SDG, government policymakers and other stakeholders can use these findings to ensure sustainable food and nutrition security in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"647 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44282536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2120145
Arya Kaniyassery, S. Thorat, Kodsara Ramachandra Kiran, T. S. Murali, A. Muthusamy
ABSTRACT Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most popular solanaceous vegetable crops cultivated mainly in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Eggplant production is challenged by a wide range of pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes. The fungi cause the most severe economic loss to eggplant farmers due to their widespread incidence and devastating impact on crop yield. The fungal diseases are influenced by several factors, including environmental conditions, physiological and genetic characteristics of the host. Despite the economic implications of fungal diseases in eggplant, a compilation of the current understanding of pathogenesis, disease development and the host-resistance mechanisms remain unavailable. In this article, we comprehensively review common fungal pathogens of eggplant reported worldwide, and the diseases caused by them, including their major symptoms. We also discuss the major environmental factors that favor pathogenesis and summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interactions and disease development. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for future research to develop modern breeding and agronomic tools for combating the diseases in this important crop.
{"title":"Fungal diseases of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and components of the disease triangle: A review","authors":"Arya Kaniyassery, S. Thorat, Kodsara Ramachandra Kiran, T. S. Murali, A. Muthusamy","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2120145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2120145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most popular solanaceous vegetable crops cultivated mainly in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Eggplant production is challenged by a wide range of pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes. The fungi cause the most severe economic loss to eggplant farmers due to their widespread incidence and devastating impact on crop yield. The fungal diseases are influenced by several factors, including environmental conditions, physiological and genetic characteristics of the host. Despite the economic implications of fungal diseases in eggplant, a compilation of the current understanding of pathogenesis, disease development and the host-resistance mechanisms remain unavailable. In this article, we comprehensively review common fungal pathogens of eggplant reported worldwide, and the diseases caused by them, including their major symptoms. We also discuss the major environmental factors that favor pathogenesis and summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interactions and disease development. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for future research to develop modern breeding and agronomic tools for combating the diseases in this important crop.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"543 - 594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42380865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2121348
Rajan Shrestha, C. Adams
ABSTRACT Little is known about the photosynthetic physiology of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub), a legume crop, including how photosynthetic parameters intrinsically vary among germplasm and their recovery from water stress. To address this, two greenhouse studies were conducted: Study-1 to compare photosynthetic light response (A N–I) curves and related parameters in three contrasting guar genotypes under optimal and post-water deficit conditions; and Study-2 to quantify photosynthetic parameters in 44 guar genotypes and explore inter-relationships with plant growth parameters. In Study-1, the mean net photosynthetic rate (A N) statistically peaked with 1500 μmol (photons) m −2 s −1, though the maximum A N [33.29 μmol (CO2) m−2 s−1] was modeled to occur with 1950 μmol (photons) m −2 s −1. The light compensation point (I comp), dark respiration rate (R D), and maximum quantum yield (Ф(I 0)) were modeled to be 49.9 μmol (photons) m−2 s−1, 2.62 μmol (CO2) m−2 s−1, and 0.0526 μmol (CO2) μmol −1 (photons), respectively. Photosynthesis in guar was resilient to water stress. Despite reductions in growth, specific leaf area (SLA), and other growth parameters, persistently drought-stressed guar plants, on average, exhibited rapid and full recovery of photosynthetic functions when watered. Genotypes differed in their capacity to recover to some degree. In Study-2, A N differed only between two of the 44 genotypes tested, corresponding to the minimum and maximum A N values. There were no relationships between A N and most plant growth parameters. This finding suggested there is low potential to use point measurements of A N as a selection parameter for increased guar productivity.
{"title":"Photosynthesis in guar: Recovery from water stress, basic parameter estimates, and intrinsic variation among germplasm","authors":"Rajan Shrestha, C. Adams","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2121348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2121348","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Little is known about the photosynthetic physiology of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub), a legume crop, including how photosynthetic parameters intrinsically vary among germplasm and their recovery from water stress. To address this, two greenhouse studies were conducted: Study-1 to compare photosynthetic light response (A N–I) curves and related parameters in three contrasting guar genotypes under optimal and post-water deficit conditions; and Study-2 to quantify photosynthetic parameters in 44 guar genotypes and explore inter-relationships with plant growth parameters. In Study-1, the mean net photosynthetic rate (A N) statistically peaked with 1500 μmol (photons) m −2 s −1, though the maximum A N [33.29 μmol (CO2) m−2 s−1] was modeled to occur with 1950 μmol (photons) m −2 s −1. The light compensation point (I comp), dark respiration rate (R D), and maximum quantum yield (Ф(I 0)) were modeled to be 49.9 μmol (photons) m−2 s−1, 2.62 μmol (CO2) m−2 s−1, and 0.0526 μmol (CO2) μmol −1 (photons), respectively. Photosynthesis in guar was resilient to water stress. Despite reductions in growth, specific leaf area (SLA), and other growth parameters, persistently drought-stressed guar plants, on average, exhibited rapid and full recovery of photosynthetic functions when watered. Genotypes differed in their capacity to recover to some degree. In Study-2, A N differed only between two of the 44 genotypes tested, corresponding to the minimum and maximum A N values. There were no relationships between A N and most plant growth parameters. This finding suggested there is low potential to use point measurements of A N as a selection parameter for increased guar productivity.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"626 - 646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.2009077
M. Machingura, Dave Rajvi, Alysa Rodriguez, Z. Pan, J. Bajsa-Hirschel
ABSTRACT The ability of land plants to partially close their stomata in response to high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), called the limited transpiration trait, is a rare phenomenon in plants. The characteristic has been demonstrated in several crop species, including Sorghum bicolor. Genotypes within the sorghum species respond in different ways to high VPD, but the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of the responses are not clear. This study was conducted to determine the basis for the differences in stomatal responses to high VPD in sorghum genotypes (SC1345, SC35, and Macia). Gene expression patterns of genes involved in the abscisic acid pathway were investigated using quantitative-PCR after exposing plants to high VPD. The results showed marked differences in expression patterns for the genes across the three genotypes, coupled to differences in abscisic acid content. The results suggested natural variation in abscisic acid content within sorghum. Expression patterns in the genes BG1, ZEP, and SDR, in addition to the NCED3 gene, provide a basis for the variations in stomatal responses to high VPD in this crop species.
{"title":"Differential gene expression patterns in Sorghum bicolor genotypes in response to high vapor pressure deficit","authors":"M. Machingura, Dave Rajvi, Alysa Rodriguez, Z. Pan, J. Bajsa-Hirschel","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2021.2009077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.2009077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ability of land plants to partially close their stomata in response to high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), called the limited transpiration trait, is a rare phenomenon in plants. The characteristic has been demonstrated in several crop species, including Sorghum bicolor. Genotypes within the sorghum species respond in different ways to high VPD, but the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of the responses are not clear. This study was conducted to determine the basis for the differences in stomatal responses to high VPD in sorghum genotypes (SC1345, SC35, and Macia). Gene expression patterns of genes involved in the abscisic acid pathway were investigated using quantitative-PCR after exposing plants to high VPD. The results showed marked differences in expression patterns for the genes across the three genotypes, coupled to differences in abscisic acid content. The results suggested natural variation in abscisic acid content within sorghum. Expression patterns in the genes BG1, ZEP, and SDR, in addition to the NCED3 gene, provide a basis for the variations in stomatal responses to high VPD in this crop species.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"36 1","pages":"675 - 686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49662764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2117752
G. Pandove, S. Kaur, B. Yadav, M. Sidhu
ABSTRACT Liquid microbial inoculants (LMIs) can play a paramount role in integrated nutrient management as these are renewable and eco-friendly sources of plant nutrition. Here, we evaluated the impact of LMIs, such as of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Azotobacter sp., on the growth and yield parameters of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). The bacterial culture, S. maltophilia, was isolated from the nodules of cluster bean and identified by sequencing the 16SrRNA gene. On applying LMIs and 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (T7), a significant improvement in plant height, dry fodder yield and seed yield was observed. Besides, there was a ~ 10% increase in all the other growth and yield attributes, such as no. of branches, no. of pods, pod length, no. of grains per pod, and 1000-grain weight. The increase in seed yield and dry fodder yield with T7 over the T1 (RDF) was 16% and 19%, respectively. Moreover, the total energy output of different treatments as computed from the main products ranged from 69,973.5 to 82,490.1 MJha−1. This might be due to higher seed and dry fodder yield with LMIs. The different LMI treatments increased the net returns of cluster beans over the control (T7, US$ 527.91). The soil analysis revealed the improvement in macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) by 10–20% after the LMI treatments. Thus, priming seeds with LMIs could be an effective strategy to stimulate the growth of cluster beans without compromising the soil fertility.
{"title":"Impact of liquid microbial inoculants of Azotobacter sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on soil fertility and productivity-cum-economics of cluster beans","authors":"G. Pandove, S. Kaur, B. Yadav, M. Sidhu","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2117752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2117752","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid microbial inoculants (LMIs) can play a paramount role in integrated nutrient management as these are renewable and eco-friendly sources of plant nutrition. Here, we evaluated the impact of LMIs, such as of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Azotobacter sp., on the growth and yield parameters of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). The bacterial culture, S. maltophilia, was isolated from the nodules of cluster bean and identified by sequencing the 16SrRNA gene. On applying LMIs and 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (T7), a significant improvement in plant height, dry fodder yield and seed yield was observed. Besides, there was a ~ 10% increase in all the other growth and yield attributes, such as no. of branches, no. of pods, pod length, no. of grains per pod, and 1000-grain weight. The increase in seed yield and dry fodder yield with T7 over the T1 (RDF) was 16% and 19%, respectively. Moreover, the total energy output of different treatments as computed from the main products ranged from 69,973.5 to 82,490.1 MJha−1. This might be due to higher seed and dry fodder yield with LMIs. The different LMI treatments increased the net returns of cluster beans over the control (T7, US$ 527.91). The soil analysis revealed the improvement in macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) by 10–20% after the LMI treatments. Thus, priming seeds with LMIs could be an effective strategy to stimulate the growth of cluster beans without compromising the soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"523 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49409224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2112346
J. Rakesh, N. Nayidu, Sharath Pattar, Spoorti S. Gandhadmath, B. S. Sukanth, Spurthi N. Nayak, B. Patil
ABSTRACT The myeloblastosis (MYB) superfamily is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, and has diverse functions in plants, including regulating biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 108 MYB protein sequences were identified and characterized through an insilico approach. We confirmed that the MYB proteins had three conserved repeats (R1, R2, and R3). The putative functions of AhyMYB genes were predicted on the basis of 31 functional groups formed from a comparative phylogenetic analysis. Important cisregulatory motifs, such as ABRE, TGA, ARE, LTR and TATA were present in the upstream regions of AhyMYB genes, and also some post-translational modifications were identified in the present study. Drought- stress was induced in five elite groundnut genotypes (Dh 256, Dh 257, GPBD 4, TMV 2, and JL 24) at flowering and peg initiation stages, and the expression patterns of five selected AhyMYB genes were investigated in these genotypes. In the drought-tolerant genotypes (Dh 256 and Dh 257), at the peg initiation stage, five drought-related transcription MYB factor genes showed greater up-regulation compared with the drought-susceptible genotypes. Among the five genes used in the study, AhyMYB17 gene showed higher expression in JL 24 (moderately drought resistant) compared to untreated control plants at the peg initiation stage. These results indicated the possible involvement of MYB transcription factor genes in regulating the drought stress conditions in groundnut. In-silico analysis, along with the expression studies of AhyMYB genes will definitely help in understanding the stress-response mechanism in groundnut.
{"title":"Comparative and expression analysis of MYB transcription factor genes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"J. Rakesh, N. Nayidu, Sharath Pattar, Spoorti S. Gandhadmath, B. S. Sukanth, Spurthi N. Nayak, B. Patil","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2112346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2112346","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The myeloblastosis (MYB) superfamily is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, and has diverse functions in plants, including regulating biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 108 MYB protein sequences were identified and characterized through an insilico approach. We confirmed that the MYB proteins had three conserved repeats (R1, R2, and R3). The putative functions of AhyMYB genes were predicted on the basis of 31 functional groups formed from a comparative phylogenetic analysis. Important cisregulatory motifs, such as ABRE, TGA, ARE, LTR and TATA were present in the upstream regions of AhyMYB genes, and also some post-translational modifications were identified in the present study. Drought- stress was induced in five elite groundnut genotypes (Dh 256, Dh 257, GPBD 4, TMV 2, and JL 24) at flowering and peg initiation stages, and the expression patterns of five selected AhyMYB genes were investigated in these genotypes. In the drought-tolerant genotypes (Dh 256 and Dh 257), at the peg initiation stage, five drought-related transcription MYB factor genes showed greater up-regulation compared with the drought-susceptible genotypes. Among the five genes used in the study, AhyMYB17 gene showed higher expression in JL 24 (moderately drought resistant) compared to untreated control plants at the peg initiation stage. These results indicated the possible involvement of MYB transcription factor genes in regulating the drought stress conditions in groundnut. In-silico analysis, along with the expression studies of AhyMYB genes will definitely help in understanding the stress-response mechanism in groundnut.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"479 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47034373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2110346
Phung Thi Bich Hoa, Nguyen Hoang Tue, L. Huyen, Luc Hoang Linh, N. Nhan, Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien, N. Luong, Nguyen-Xuan Huy, N. Loc
ABSTRACT In tropical and subtropical areas, peanuts are a very important legume crop that is widely cultivated for food and cooking oil. They are, however, extremely susceptible to a wide range of phytopathogens, particularly soil-borne fungi, which result in low yields and poor seed quality. This study aimed to express three Trichoderma asperellum SH16 42 kDa chitinase-encoding genes in peanut to improve their resistance to some soil-borne fungi. Chi42 is a synthetic, intronless, wild-type gene, whereas syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 are peanut codon-optimized synthetic genes. These genes were introduced into a local peanut strain through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Analysis of the transgenic peanut lines showed that chitinase-specific activities from the syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 genes were approximately 1.2 and 1.4 times higher than those of the wild-type gene, respectively. The engineered peanut plants also exhibited antifungal activity against the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. The transgenic peanut lines transformed with the two synthetic genes have stronger antifungal activities than those transformed with the wild-type version, suggesting that they could be used as novel peanut lines to combat phytopathogenic fungi.
{"title":"Overexpression of 42 kDa chitinase genes from Trichoderma asperellum SH16 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)","authors":"Phung Thi Bich Hoa, Nguyen Hoang Tue, L. Huyen, Luc Hoang Linh, N. Nhan, Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien, N. Luong, Nguyen-Xuan Huy, N. Loc","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2110346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2110346","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In tropical and subtropical areas, peanuts are a very important legume crop that is widely cultivated for food and cooking oil. They are, however, extremely susceptible to a wide range of phytopathogens, particularly soil-borne fungi, which result in low yields and poor seed quality. This study aimed to express three Trichoderma asperellum SH16 42 kDa chitinase-encoding genes in peanut to improve their resistance to some soil-borne fungi. Chi42 is a synthetic, intronless, wild-type gene, whereas syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 are peanut codon-optimized synthetic genes. These genes were introduced into a local peanut strain through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Analysis of the transgenic peanut lines showed that chitinase-specific activities from the syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 genes were approximately 1.2 and 1.4 times higher than those of the wild-type gene, respectively. The engineered peanut plants also exhibited antifungal activity against the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. The transgenic peanut lines transformed with the two synthetic genes have stronger antifungal activities than those transformed with the wild-type version, suggesting that they could be used as novel peanut lines to combat phytopathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"463 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2109546
Mehak Gupta, G. Kaur, S. Banga, D. Virk
ABSTRACT Brassica juncea and B. napus species are predominantly self-pollinated. Parchment paper or muslin cloth bags are used for controlled selfed or cross-seed production. We evaluated three non-woven synthetic pollination control bags (PCBs) for two years as replacement for the commonly used PCBs. The new synthetic PCBs were fully pollen proof since the molecular marker analysis of the random seeds set on two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines isolated with PCBs were all maternally originated. DWB03 bags returned 47% significantly more seeds per bud than the parchment paper bags. Larger DWB03 bags showed 38% higher mean seed yield (g/plant) than the muslin cloth bags. Re-used DWB03 bags were statistically on par with new bags for the seed yield per plant. On average, DWB03 bags produced 57% more hybrid seed set on CMS lines than the muslin cloth bags. The micro-climate in DWB03 bags appeared to be more conducive for good seed set as compared to the outside and muslin cloth bags. Non-woven PCBs offer better options for replacing paper or muslin cloth bags in the breeding of Brassicas.
{"title":"Increasing seed set and pollen proofing in Brassica juncea and Brassica napus through novel non-woven synthetic pollination control bags","authors":"Mehak Gupta, G. Kaur, S. Banga, D. Virk","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2109546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2109546","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brassica juncea and B. napus species are predominantly self-pollinated. Parchment paper or muslin cloth bags are used for controlled selfed or cross-seed production. We evaluated three non-woven synthetic pollination control bags (PCBs) for two years as replacement for the commonly used PCBs. The new synthetic PCBs were fully pollen proof since the molecular marker analysis of the random seeds set on two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines isolated with PCBs were all maternally originated. DWB03 bags returned 47% significantly more seeds per bud than the parchment paper bags. Larger DWB03 bags showed 38% higher mean seed yield (g/plant) than the muslin cloth bags. Re-used DWB03 bags were statistically on par with new bags for the seed yield per plant. On average, DWB03 bags produced 57% more hybrid seed set on CMS lines than the muslin cloth bags. The micro-climate in DWB03 bags appeared to be more conducive for good seed set as compared to the outside and muslin cloth bags. Non-woven PCBs offer better options for replacing paper or muslin cloth bags in the breeding of Brassicas.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"447 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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