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Application of Ceres-Millet model of DSSAT for simulating millet varieties under different sowing windows in Niger DSSAT谷神星-小米模型在尼日尔不同播种窗口下模拟小米品种中的应用
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2048764
A. Mohamed, J. M. Jibrin, B. M. Auwalu, M. Garba, B. A. Lawan
ABSTRACT Choosing an appropriate variety and planting date could help farmers increase the recurrent low pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) yields recorded in Niger. Field experiments were conducted at the National Agricultural Research Institute of Niger (N’Dounga) during the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons to evaluate the performance of the CERES-Millet model in simulating the growth and yield of pearl millet varieties. Treatments consisted of two sowing windows (late June and mid-July) and four varieties (HKP, ZATIB, CIVT, and H80-10 GR) arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Sowing dates were allocated to the main plots, whereas varieties were assigned to the subplots. The data collected on days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, grain yield, and above-ground biomass during 2016 and 2017 were used to calibrate and evaluate the CERES-Millet model for simulating sowing windows. The model was used to simulate the long-term effects of different sowing windows using long-term historical weather data from 1983 to 2017 in Kollo. The results for model calibration showed that simulated growth and yield of millet were in good agreement with their corresponding observed values. The d-index was 0.99 for days to anthesis, 0.97 for days to physiological maturity, 0.93 for grain yield, and 0.79 for above-ground biomass. The results for both calibration and evaluation showed that normalized root mean square errors were less than 10%. The values of the d-index were also within the acceptable range for all the parameters. Therefore, the CERES-Millet model was robust enough to successfully simulate millet growth and yield in Niger. Seasonal analysis revealed that sowing should be done from early June to mid-June for ZATIB and H80-10 GR varieties. However, it should be done from early June to late June for CIVT and from mid-June to early July for HKP.
摘要选择合适的品种和种植日期可以帮助农民提高尼日尔低珍珠谷的产量。尼日尔国家农业研究所在2016年和2017年雨季进行了田间试验,以评估CERES小米模型在模拟珍珠小米品种生长和产量方面的性能。处理包括两个播种窗口(6月下旬和7月中旬)和四个品种(HKP、ZATIB、CIVT和H80-10 GR),以三次重复的分块设计进行排列。播种日期被分配到主要地块,而品种被分配到次要地块。2016年和2017年期间收集的50%开花天数、生理成熟天数、粮食产量和地上生物量数据用于校准和评估CERES Millet模型,用于模拟播种窗口。该模型用于利用1983年至2017年Kollo的长期历史天气数据模拟不同播种窗口的长期影响。模型标定结果表明,模拟的谷子生长和产量与相应的观测值吻合较好。开花天数的d指数为0.99,生理成熟天数为0.97,粮食产量为0.93,地上生物量为0.79。校准和评估的结果表明,归一化均方根误差小于10%。d指数的值也在所有参数的可接受范围内。因此,CERES Millet模型足够稳健,可以成功模拟尼日尔的小米生长和产量。季节分析表明,ZATIB和H80-10GR品种应在6月初至6月中旬播种。然而,CIVT应在6月初至6月底进行,HKP应在6月中至7月初进行。
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引用次数: 0
Handling outliers in multi-environment trial data analysis: in the direction of robust SREG model 处理多环境试验数据分析中的异常值:朝着稳健SREG模型的方向
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2051217
Julia Angelini, G. Faviere, E. Bortolotto, G. D. Cervigni, M. Quaglino
ABSTRACT Site regression model (SREG) is utilized by plant breeders for the analysis of multi-environment trials (MET) to examine the relationships among test environments and genotypes (G) and genotype-by-environment interaction (GE). In its regular form, singular-value decomposition (SVD) is applied on residual matrix from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to partition G plus GE effects. However, ANOVA and SVD are sensitive to atypical observations, which are common in MET. To overcome this problem, three robust models are proposed to obtain valid results even in the presence of outliers. Their efficacy was evaluated by simulation and compared with standard SREG. Different scenarios were considered to identify the appropriate strategies to deal with outliers in real situations. Two real datasets are also presented to highlight the usefulness of the proposed methods in agricultural data. Our results indicate that the use of the proposed alternatives enables to effectively analyze MET data in the presence of outliers and maintain good performance without them as well.
摘要植物育种家利用位点回归模型(SREG)分析多环境试验(MET),以检验试验环境与基因型(G)和基因型与环境相互作用(GE)之间的关系。在其正则形式中,奇异值分解(SVD)被应用于从单向方差分析(ANOVA)到划分G加GE效应的残差矩阵。然而,ANOVA和SVD对非典型观察结果敏感,这在MET中很常见。为了克服这个问题,提出了三个鲁棒模型,即使在存在异常值的情况下也能获得有效的结果。通过模拟评估其疗效,并与标准SREG进行比较。考虑了不同的场景,以确定在实际情况下处理异常值的适当策略。还提供了两个真实的数据集,以强调所提出的方法在农业数据中的有用性。我们的结果表明,使用所提出的替代方案能够在存在异常值的情况下有效地分析MET数据,并在没有异常值的条件下保持良好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Inter-specific competition between finger millet and Guinea grass for growth and nutrient uptake under nutrient-limited conditions 在营养限制条件下,指谷草和豚草在生长和养分吸收方面的种间竞争
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2044950
H.H.P. Jayamanna, J.S.M.N. Janananda, D. Widanagamage, R. Ranil, D. Dissanayaka
ABSTRACT Crop–weed interactions in nutrient-deficient environments can induce strong intra- and inter-specific competition for such nutrients. The study investigated nutrient uptake by finger millet (FM; Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) in the presence of the upland weed, Guinea grass (GG; Panicum maximum Jacq), under nutrient-limited conditions. A pot experiment was conducted with different neighbor-densities of the two species, including monocultures and mixed cultures. The effects of inter-specific/intra-specific competition on nutrient uptake and growth of the two plant species were measured. Varied plant combinations impacted on plant dry weight, uptake, and use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by FM. Root and shoot dry weights of FM were markedly reduced in the presence of GG compared to that when neighbors were from the same species. The largest reduction of tissue nutrient concentration of FM was recorded in FM:GG plant combination of 1:2. The results indicated that the growth and nutrient uptake of FM was suppressed when it co-existed with GG due to strong inter-specific competition under nutrient-limited conditions. GG maintained similar biomass irrespective of the fertilizer treatment and plant combinations, demonstrating its ability to outcompete neighboring species when resources are limited in the growing environment. The present study also provides scientific evidence that GG is well adapted to nutrient-poor environments, which is attained through enhancing the use efficiency of limited nutrients in biomass formation. This might have helped GG to gain the competitive advantage over other plants in the same habitat and dominate in most agro-ecological systems as an invasive weed species.
摘要:在营养缺乏的环境中,作物与杂草的相互作用会引发对这些营养物质的强烈的种内和种间竞争。该研究调查了指状小米(FM;Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.)的营养吸收在营养有限的条件下,在高地杂草几内亚草(GG;Panicum maximum Jacq)的存在下。对两个物种的不同相邻密度进行了盆栽试验,包括单一培养和混合培养。测定了两种植物种间/种内竞争对养分吸收和生长的影响。不同的植物组合影响FM对植物干重、氮、磷和钾的吸收和利用效率。与邻居来自同一物种时相比,GG存在时FM的根和茎干重显著降低。FM的组织营养浓度在1:2的FM:GG植物组合中下降幅度最大。结果表明,在养分有限的条件下,FM与GG共存时,由于强烈的种间竞争,其生长和养分吸收受到抑制。无论肥料处理和植物组合如何,GG都保持着相似的生物量,表明在生长环境中资源有限的情况下,GG有能力击败邻近物种。本研究还提供了科学证据,证明GG能够很好地适应营养不良的环境,这是通过提高生物量形成中有限营养物质的利用效率来实现的。这可能有助于GG获得与同一栖息地的其他植物相比的竞争优势,并作为入侵杂草物种在大多数农业生态系统中占据主导地位。
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引用次数: 1
Growth, grain yield, and water productivity of traditional rice landraces from coastal Bangladesh, as affected by salt stress 受盐胁迫影响的孟加拉国沿海地区传统水稻品种的生长、粮食产量和水分生产力
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2048765
Dhiman Adhikary, D. Das, Md. Yasin Ali, H. Ullah, A. Datta
ABSTRACT Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting the growth, development, and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. A 10 × 4 factorial pot experiment consisting of 10 traditional aus rice (summer rice) landraces (Noyontara, Ratul, Rani Ratul, Sribalen, Mala, Kolmilata, Nayanmoni, Noncha, Kopilaice, and Kajollata) and four levels of water salinity (0.36 [control], 5, 10, and 15 dS m−1) was conducted to evaluate the salt tolerance of the popular traditional rice landraces. The results revealed that plant height, shoot dry matter, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, panicle number plant−1, filled-grain percentage, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, and irrigation-water productivity were significantly affected by water salinity. The highest shoot dry matter, grain yield, and irrigation-water productivity were recorded for Noncha at the highest salinity level of 15 dS m−1, indicating its high salinity-tolerance ability. The 15 dS m−1 salinity level reduced shoot dry matter and grain yield of Kopilaice by 61% and 75%, respectively, relative to Noncha. The tested cultivars could be classified into three categories: (i) salt sensitive that cannot withstand salinity level above 5 dS m−1: Kopilaice, Noyontara, Ratul, Rani Ratul, and Sribalen, (ii) intermediate-salt tolerant that can withstand salinity below 10 dS m−1: Mala and Nayanmoni, and (iii) highly salt tolerant that can withstand salinity up to 15 dS m−1: Noncha, Kolmilata, and Kajollata. Noncha, Kolmilata, and Kajollata were considered promising salt-tolerant cultivars and can be used as valuable genetic resources for developing salinity-tolerant cultivars in the coastal salinity-affected region of Bangladesh.
盐度是限制水稻(Oryza sativa L.)生长发育和生产力的主要非生物胁迫。采用10 × 4因子盆栽试验,以10个传统夏稻地方品种(Noyontara、Ratul、Rani Ratul、Sribalen、Mala、Kolmilata、Nayanmoni、Noncha、Kopilaice和Kajollata)为材料,在4个盐度水平(0.36[对照]、5、10和15 dS m−1)下,评价了受欢迎的传统夏稻地方品种的耐盐性。结果表明,水盐对水稻株高、地上部干物质、土壤植物分析发育(SPAD)值、穗数、灌浆率、千粒重、籽粒产量、收获指数和灌水生产力均有显著影响。在最高盐度为15 dS m−1时,嫩茶的茎部干物质、籽粒产量和灌水生产力最高,表明其具有较高的耐盐能力。15 dS m−1盐度水平使槐茎部干物质和籽粒产量相对于农茶分别减少61%和75%。试验品种可分为三类:(1)盐敏感品种,不能承受5 dS m−1以上的盐度:Kopilaice、Noyontara、Ratul、Rani Ratul和Sribalen;(2)中等耐盐品种,可以承受10 dS m−1以下的盐度:Mala和Nayanmoni;(3)高耐盐品种,可以承受15 dS m−1以下的盐度:Noncha、Kolmilata和Kajollata。Noncha、Kolmilata和Kajollata被认为是有前景的耐盐品种,可作为孟加拉国沿海受盐影响地区耐盐品种开发的宝贵遗传资源。
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引用次数: 2
Path analysis of phenotypic factors associated with grain protein in dryland winter wheat 旱地冬小麦籽粒蛋白质相关表型因子的通径分析
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2042882
Philip O. Hinson, C. Adams, Xuejun Dong, Q. Xue, S. Thapa, Gong-neng Feng, E. Kimura, B. Pinchak, A. Somenahally, A. Ibrahim
ABSTRACT In hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), increased understanding of relationships between grain protein concentration (GPC) and other phenotypic traits is needed for simultaneously achieving high yield and GPC through genetic improvement and management. Two field experiments with 20 genotypes each were conducted in 2018/2019 in Uvalde and Chillicothe, TX. The primary objective was to assess direct and indirect effects of phenotypic traits on GPC using path analysis. Broad-sense heritability was high for grain yield but low for GPC, indicating that breeding selection for high yield is best done directly, but selection for elevated GPC may be approached indirectly. Grains m−2 was positively related to GPC, though highly affected by environment, whereas 1000-kernel weight was negatively related to GPC and highly heritable. Heads m−2 had a negative direct influence on GPC, but a positive indirect effect of head number on GPC through grain number indicated head number would positively impact GPC if additional heads increased grain number. There were conflicting results between locations on the relationship between aboveground biomass at anthesis and GPC, similar to other reports. Increased time to physiological maturity positively affected GPC, with time to anthesis being the primary offsetting indirect factor, meaning a longer grain-filling period can likewise increase GPC. Crop management practices can interact with these phenotypic factors to affect GPC, which is discussed herein. These findings provide novel information on direct and indirect effects of several phenotypic traits on GPC, giving insights into routes for improvement of wheat quality through breeding and management.
摘要在硬红冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)中,需要进一步了解籽粒蛋白浓度(GPC)与其他表型性状之间的关系,以便通过遗传改良和管理同时实现高产和GPC。2018/2019年,在德克萨斯州Uvalde和Chillicothe进行了两项田间试验,各有20个基因型。主要目的是利用通径分析评估表型性状对GPC的直接和间接影响。籽粒产量的广义遗传力高,而GPC的广义遗传力低,表明高产的育种选择最好直接进行,而提高GPC的育种选择可以间接进行。粒数m−2与GPC呈显著正相关,但受环境影响较大,而千粒重与GPC呈显著负相关,且遗传能力强。穗数m−2对GPC的直接影响为负,而穗数通过粒数对GPC的间接影响为正,表明穗数增加籽粒数对GPC的影响为正。花期地上生物量与GPC之间的关系在不同地点之间存在矛盾,与其他报道相似。延长生理成熟期对GPC有积极影响,而开花期是主要的间接抵消因素,这意味着较长的灌浆期同样可以提高GPC。作物管理措施可以与这些表型因子相互作用,从而影响GPC,本文对此进行了讨论。这些发现提供了几种表型性状对GPC直接和间接影响的新信息,为通过育种和管理改善小麦品质提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 2
Genetics of seed protein and oil inherited from “BARC-7” soybean in two F2-derived mapping populations “BARC-7”大豆种子蛋白和油脂在两个f2衍生定位群体中的遗传分析
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2033373
F. Ravelombola, P. Chen, T. Vuong, H. Nguyen, R. Mian, A. Acuña, L. Florez‐Palacios, C. Wu, D. Harrison, M. de Oliveira, J. Winter, M. Ford, M. D. da Silva, L. Mozzoni
ABSTRACT Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein inheritance has been extensively studied; however, genetics of high-protein “BARC-7” soybean are still unknown. In this study, we used 250 F2-derived lines from each of two soybean populations for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. UA 5814HP, with high-protein content, tracing to BARC-7 as maternal grandfather, was a common parent. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with one replication across four environments. Seed protein and oil were quantified using near-infrared (NIR) instrument. Genetic linkage maps were constructed using the Infinium Soy6KSNP Beadchips. QTL analysis was performed using a composite interval mapping method. QTL for protein and oil were identified on chromosomes 6, 13, and 20. The known major QTL on chromosome 20 was not detected, but a novel QTL further downstream on chromosome 20 (only detected in population two) had high-protein alleles inherited from BARC-7-derived parent. Fine mapping efforts are currently ongoing for confirmation of these results.
大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.]种子蛋白遗传已被广泛研究;然而,高蛋白“BARC-7”大豆的遗传机制尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们使用了来自两个大豆群体的250个F2衍生品系进行数量性状基因座(QTL)定位。UA 5814HP是一个常见的亲本,其蛋白质含量高,可追溯到BARC-7作为外祖父。现场实验采用随机完全区块设计,在四个环境中进行一次复制。使用近红外(NIR)仪器对种子蛋白质和油进行定量。使用Infinium Soy6KSNP微珠芯片构建遗传连锁图谱。QTL分析采用复合区间作图法。在第6、13和20号染色体上鉴定了蛋白质和油的QTL。20号染色体上已知的主要QTL未被检测到,但20号染色体下游的一个新QTL(仅在群体2中检测到)具有从BARC-7衍生的亲本遗传的高蛋白等位基因。目前正在进行精细测绘工作,以确认这些结果。
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引用次数: 1
Variability for cell-wall and yield components in commercial sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) progeny: contrasts with parental lines and energy cane 商品甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)后代细胞壁和产量成分的变异:与亲本系和能源甘蔗的对比
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.2011521
José M. García, Mariana P. Silva, Rachael Simister, S. McQueen-Mason, L. Erazzú, L. Gomez, A. Acevedo
ABSTRACT Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a genetically complex crop with great potential for the second-generation (2 G) ethanol industry. Despite this, there is scarce knowledge of the variability of bagasse cell-wall components and its association with agronomic traits that could be used in the selection of cultivars with improved bagasse digestibility. In this work, the acid detergent fiber method was used to determine cellulose, hemicellulose, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in a sugarcane progeny from crossing two commercial cultivars, and in two energy-cane biotypes. Additionally, acetyl bromide-soluble lignin was determined and compared with ADL values. Despite the crossed parents showing similar bagasse composition, transgressive inheritance observed in the progeny for all bagasse cell-wall components underlines the possibility of improving sugarcane for specific bioenergetic uses. Additionally, the low association between cell-wall and yield components found in this work, suggests that indirect selection of cell-wall components for 2 G ethanol industry through agronomic traits would have a limited impact on improving the biomass composition.
摘要甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)是一种遗传复杂的作物,在第二代乙醇工业中具有巨大的潜力。尽管如此,关于甘蔗渣细胞壁成分的变异性及其与农艺性状的关系,却很少有知识可用于选择甘蔗渣消化率提高的品种。在这项工作中,使用酸性洗涤剂纤维法测定了两个商业品种杂交的甘蔗后代和两种能量甘蔗生物型中的纤维素、半纤维素和酸性洗涤剂木质素(ADL)。此外,测定了乙酰溴可溶性木质素,并与ADL值进行了比较。尽管杂交亲本表现出相似的甘蔗渣成分,但在后代中观察到的所有甘蔗渣细胞壁成分的越轨遗传强调了改良甘蔗用于特定生物能量用途的可能性。此外,这项工作中发现的细胞壁和产量成分之间的低相关性表明,通过农艺性状间接选择2 G乙醇工业的细胞壁成分对改善生物量组成的影响有限。
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引用次数: 3
How responsive is Nigeria’s cassava seed system to farmers’ demand? Exploring supply and demand interactions in three farming communities 尼日利亚的木薯种子系统对农民需求的反应如何?探索三个农业社区的供需互动
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.2018749
T. Pircher, E. Stuart, C. Almekinders, D. Obisesan, H. Nitturkar, G. Asumugha, E. Azaino, A. Knierim
ABSTRACT Based on a concept for demand-orientation in seed systems, we characterized Nigeria’s cassava (Manihot esculenta) seed system from national to local level and farmers’ demand in three study sites. Interviews with seed-system actors explained their roles for supply-side functions. Focus group discussions and a survey described multiple aspects of farmers’ demand. Our findings show that the national agriculture development program alone did not have the capacity to supply farmers with sufficient seed of desired varieties. Seed exchange between farmers and informal seed sellers contributed to the distribution of seed and new varieties. The presence of seed sellers and farmers’ demand for cassava seed varied between the three study sites, farmer types and gender. We conclude that informal seed sellers and village seed entrepreneurs have a potential to respond to farmers’ heterogeneous demands. However, without recurrent demand for specialized seed production or continuous support from the formal system, they do not reach underserved markets.
基于种子系统需求导向的概念,我们在三个研究地点对尼日利亚木薯(Manihot esculenta)种子系统从国家到地方以及农民需求进行了特征分析。对种子系统参与者的采访解释了他们在供给侧功能中的角色。焦点小组讨论和调查描述了农民需求的多个方面。我们的研究结果表明,国家农业发展计划本身没有能力为农民提供足够的所需品种的种子。农民和非正式种子销售者之间的种子交换促进了种子和新品种的流通。种子销售者的存在和农民对木薯种子的需求在三个研究地点、农民类型和性别之间存在差异。我们得出结论,非正规种子销售者和乡村种子企业家具有响应农民异质性需求的潜力。但是,如果没有对专业种子生产的经常性需求或正规系统的持续支持,它们就无法进入服务不足的市场。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluating responses of Caucasian apple (Malus orientalis) from Hyrcanian forests to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) using an in vitro assay 利用体外实验评价来自海坎尼亚森林的高加索苹果(Malus orientalis)对火疫病(Erwinia amylovora)的反应
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.2012731
Narjes Amirchakhmaghi, H. Yousefzadeh, B. Hosseinpour, H. Abdollahi, Bjarne Larsen
ABSTRACT Fire blight, caused by the necrogenic gram-negative Erwinia amylovora, is one the most destructive bacterial diseases of apple. The wild Caucasian apple (Malus orientalis) is grown throughout Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Russia and the Hyrcanian forest in the northern part of Iran. So far, no studies on resistance to fire blight in M. orientalis from the Hyrcanian forest have been conducted. We therefore evaluated the response of four different populations of M. orientalis (two individual trees per population) eight individuals of M. orientalis from four different populations in this region for fire blight resistance, using an in vitro shoot-inoculation assay. The fire blight susceptible MM.106 and partly resistant MM.111 rootstocks were included as references. Two one-year old trees were selected from each population, which were then micropropagated and inoculated with the fire blight bacterial strain ‘Ea273ʹ. Necrosis growth along the shoots was measured every 24 h for 10 consecutive days. Selected individuals from Soordar, Asalem and Siahbil populations did not differ in the final necrosis growth from susceptible MM.106. However, the MM.111 and Afratakhteh individuals showed the lowest necrosis growth. The largest final necrosis growth was observed in the Siahbil individuals. The capacity of main scavenging enzymes and antioxidant activity were monitored in the Siahbil and the Afratakhteh individuals. The largest difference in the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity was observed at 72 hours post-inoculation (hpi) between resistant Afratakhteh and susceptible Siahbil individuals. The highest activity of catalase (CAT) enzyme occurred in the Afratakhteh individuals after 168 hpi. The peroxidase (POD) activity increased in both Afratakhteh and Siahbil individuals. The two Afratakhteh individuals were more resistant to fire blight compared to Asalem, Siahbil and Soordar individuals. Our results suggested that large differences in fire blight resistance existed in natural populations of M. orientalis. Potential fire blight-resistant individuals should be of interest for future apple-breeding programs.
摘要苹果火疫病是由革兰氏阴性淀粉状欧文氏菌引起的致死性细菌病害,是苹果最具破坏性的细菌病害之一。野生高加索苹果(Malus orientalis)生长在土耳其、亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚、俄罗斯和伊朗北部的赫卡尼亚森林。到目前为止,国内外还没有对海卡尼亚森林中东方桦对火疫病的抗性进行研究。因此,我们采用离体接种法对该地区4个不同种群(每种群2棵树)8个不同种群的东方松抗火疫病的反应进行了评价。以易患火疫病的MM.106和部分抗病的MM.111砧木为参考。从每个群体中选择2棵1年树龄的树,进行微繁殖,接种疫病菌株Ea273。连续10天,每24 h测定一次芽部坏死生长情况。从Soordar、Asalem和Siahbil种群中选择的个体在最终坏死生长方面与敏感的MM.106没有差异。然而,MM.111和Afratakhteh个体的坏死生长最低。Siahbil个体的最终坏死生长最大。测定了Siahbil和Afratakhteh个体主要清除酶的能力和抗氧化活性。接种后72小时,抗性个体与敏感个体之间的DPPH活性差异最大。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在168hpi后最高。Afratakhteh和Siahbil个体过氧化物酶(POD)活性均升高。与Asalem, Siahbil和Soordar个体相比,两个Afratakhteh个体对火疫病的抗性更强。结果表明,不同自然居群间东方桦的抗火枯病能力存在较大差异。未来的苹果育种计划应该对潜在的抗火疫病个体感兴趣。
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引用次数: 1
Combining ability and gene action for agronomic traits and Fusarium wilt resistance in pigeonpea 豌豆农艺性状与枯萎病抗性的配合力和基因作用
IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2021.2022059
Esnart Nyirenda Yohane, H. Shimelis, M. Laing, I. Mathew, A. Shayanowako
ABSTRACT Combining ability analysis is fundamental in breeding programs to select desirable parents and progenies. The objectives of this study were to determine the combining ability effects, and gene action controlling agronomic traits and resistance to Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium udum Butler in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]. Twenty-five progenies were developed from 10 selected parents using a 5 × 5 North Carolina Design II. The progenies and their parents were assessed for agronomic traits and FW resistance. The genotypes were subjected to artificial FW infection using a root dip inoculation technique to evaluate seedling resistance. ICEAP 87105 and ICEAP 01285 had significantly negative general combining ability (GCA) effects for days to 75% maturity (DTM), whereas MWPLR 22, Sauma and Mwayiwathualimi had positive GCA effects for grain yield (GYD) in a desirable direction. The study selected the best hybrids such as ICEAP 01285 × MWPLR 14 for early maturity, FW resistance and a high GYD, and TZA 5582 × ICEAP 00554, TZA 5582 × MWPLR 14, and Mwayiwathualimi × MWPLR 22 for FW resistance and a high GYD. The narrow-sense heritability values varied from 27% (number of seeds per plant) to 97% (DTM). Parental lines TZA 5582 and MWPLR 14 made strong contributions to desirable gene combinations that improved agronomic traits in the selected crosses. The new hybrids form novel breeding populations useful in improving the traits of economic importance in pigeonpea.
结合力分析是选择理想亲本和后代的育种计划的基础。本研究的目的是确定乌冬镰刀菌对豌豆(Cajanus cajan(L.)Millspaugh)的配合力效应,以及控制农艺性状和抗枯萎病(FW)的基因作用。使用5×5 North Carolina Design II从10个选定的亲本中培育出25个后代。对后代及其亲本的农艺性状和FW抗性进行了评估。利用浸根接种技术对基因型进行人工FW感染,以评估幼苗的抗性。ICEAP 87105和ICEAP 01285在达75%成熟度(DTM)的天数内具有显著的负总配合力(GCA)效应,而MWPLR22、Sauma和Mwayiwathualimi对籽粒产量(GYD)具有正向的GCA效应。本研究选择了早熟、抗FW和高GYD的ICEAP 01285×MWPLR14和耐FW和强GYD的TZA 5582×ICEAP 00554、TZA 558 2×MWPLM14和Mwayiwathualimi×MWPLR22的最佳杂交种。狭义遗传力值从27%(单株种子数)到97%(DTM)不等。亲本系TZA5582和MWPLR14对所选杂交中改善农艺性状的理想基因组合做出了强有力的贡献。新的杂交种形成了新的育种群体,有助于改善豌豆的经济重要性状。
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Journal of Crop Improvement
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