Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.015
Junli Liu , Tinglong He , Hua Zhang , Xuguang Tian , Hui Liu , Jianfeng Zhu , AiPing Hui , Aiqin Wang
Light pollution, microbial colonization, and water have all resulted in many harmful occurrences for cultural heritage, which makes it urgent to protect them. This research has been focused on the preparation of high-efficient antimicrobial nanocomposite protective coatings for mural artifacts. The protective coating elaborated in this work are intended to have multifunctional properties (Antimicrobial properties, UV resistance, water vapour permeability). Therefore, this study synthesized CuTA loaded attapulgite@dodecyl glycoside quaternary ammonium salt (CuTA/APT@APGQAS) nanocomposites by the sol-gel method. Then, the CuTA/APT@APGQAS nanocomposites were dispersed in Paraloid B-72 and applied as multifunctional protective coatings to simulate mural. The optimal additions on the simulated frescoes were evaluated by means of different experimental analyses: chromatic measurements, UV–visible transmittance, water vapour permeability, antimicrobial activities, and transmission electron microscopy analysis combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The findings demonstrated that, at low concentrations (2 mg/mL), the inhibition rates of CuTA/APT@APGQAS nanocomposites against E. coli and S. aureus were 99.99 % and 98.76 %, respectively. CuTA/APT@APGQAS/B72 composite film was deemed an effective protective film due to its excellent water vapour permeability, UV shielding, and antibacterial capabilities.
{"title":"CuTA/APT@APGQAS/B72 nanocomposite protective coatings: Adapting to life in an outdoor mural environment","authors":"Junli Liu , Tinglong He , Hua Zhang , Xuguang Tian , Hui Liu , Jianfeng Zhu , AiPing Hui , Aiqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light pollution, microbial colonization, and water have all resulted in many harmful occurrences for cultural heritage, which makes it urgent to protect them. This research has been focused on the preparation of high-efficient antimicrobial nanocomposite protective coatings for mural artifacts. The protective coating elaborated in this work are intended to have multifunctional properties (Antimicrobial properties, UV resistance, water vapour permeability). Therefore, this study synthesized CuTA loaded attapulgite@dodecyl glycoside quaternary ammonium salt (CuTA/APT@APGQAS) nanocomposites by the sol-gel method. Then, the CuTA/APT@APGQAS nanocomposites were dispersed in Paraloid B-72 and applied as multifunctional protective coatings to simulate mural. The optimal additions on the simulated frescoes were evaluated by means of different experimental analyses: chromatic measurements, UV–visible transmittance, water vapour permeability, antimicrobial activities, and transmission electron microscopy analysis combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The findings demonstrated that, at low concentrations (2 mg/mL), the inhibition rates of CuTA/APT@APGQAS nanocomposites against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> were 99.99 % and 98.76 %, respectively. CuTA/APT@APGQAS/B72 composite film was deemed an effective protective film due to its excellent water vapour permeability, UV shielding, and antibacterial capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 431-439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.019
Elisa Crabu , Federica Pes , Giuseppe Rodriguez , Giuseppa Tanda
Artifacts documentation is an important aspect of archaeological studies, not only to preserve these objects but also to learn from them the culture of ancient populations. Hence, the necessity to digitally document and archive artifacts that come from our ancestors. This work can be done with more ease for artifacts as vases, potsherds, or little handmade objects, that can be brought in a laboratory. It is more complicate for rock art carvings, that can not be moved from their original location. The photometric stereo technique allows to obtain the three-dimensional digital reconstruction of an object starting from a set of pictures taken with different lighting conditions. When the method is applied to some experimental datasets, computational problems may occur, due to the fact that some assumptions of the model are not verified: rocks are not Lambertian surfaces in general, and the light sources may not be positioned at a sufficient distance from the object. We deal with these issues by introducing numerical indicators of ideality that allow to figure out if a given dataset is reliable and which images should be selected to better reproduce the object. In this paper, we will show the application of this method to the 3D reconstruction of some engravings found in two Domus de Janas, ancient tombs located in Sardinia, Italy.
{"title":"Color reconstruction by photometric stereo with unknown lighting of rock art carvings found in two Sardinian Domus de Janas","authors":"Elisa Crabu , Federica Pes , Giuseppe Rodriguez , Giuseppa Tanda","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artifacts documentation is an important aspect of archaeological studies, not only to preserve these objects but also to learn from them the culture of ancient populations. Hence, the necessity to digitally document and archive artifacts that come from our ancestors. This work can be done with more ease for artifacts as vases, potsherds, or little handmade objects, that can be brought in a laboratory. It is more complicate for rock art carvings, that can not be moved from their original location. The photometric stereo technique allows to obtain the three-dimensional digital reconstruction of an object starting from a set of pictures taken with different lighting conditions. When the method is applied to some experimental datasets, computational problems may occur, due to the fact that some assumptions of the model are not verified: rocks are not Lambertian surfaces in general, and the light sources may not be positioned at a sufficient distance from the object. We deal with these issues by introducing numerical indicators of ideality that allow to figure out if a given dataset is reliable and which images should be selected to better reproduce the object. In this paper, we will show the application of this method to the 3D reconstruction of some engravings found in two <em>Domus de Janas</em>, ancient tombs located in Sardinia, Italy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.016
Marina Palma Prieto , Marta Pérez-Estébanez , Sonia Santos Gómez , José Manuel de la Roja , Carmen Ahedo Pino
Nowadays the use of gelled systems to remove natural glues from cultural artefacts is very common, as they allow the application of controlled humidity to sensitive surfaces. These cleaning systems can be of natural or synthetic origin. The simplest gelled systems are made by adding a gelling agent (such us Laponite® RD, xanthan gum or agar-agar) to the cleaning agent.
The aim of this research is to evaluate, using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), the efficacy of hydrogels prepared from three commercial natural mucilages: guar, locust bean and konjac, in removing gacha from the reverse side of a canvas, and following the nowadays tendence that try to use eco-sustainable and bio-renewable cleaning materials. Gacha is an adhesive, made commonly with flour and animal glue as the main ingredients, used to line canvas paintings. The gels prepared were characterised by means of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), viscosity and aqueous phase release capacity. For this study, a mock-up of the canvas and the adhesive was prepared. Two application methods for the gels were tested: direct application and indirect using a physical barrier, with contact times of 15 and 30 min. The suitability of the mucilages in the elimination of the natural adhesive has been related to the decrease of the content of gacha on one side, and to the absence of gel residues after the cleaning process on the other, both parameters evaluated with ATR-FTIR analysis complemented with microscopic observations. The obtained results indicated that the removal of gacha was more effective with direct application, regardless of the mucilage used. On the other hand, mucilage residues are, in general, not significant, although in the case of direct application of guar and konjac for 15 min and locust bean and konjac for 30 min, the presence of mucilages traces were detected.
{"title":"Evaluation of mucilages efficacy in the removal of a natural adhesive (gacha) from a canvas by ATR – FTIR. First results","authors":"Marina Palma Prieto , Marta Pérez-Estébanez , Sonia Santos Gómez , José Manuel de la Roja , Carmen Ahedo Pino","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays the use of gelled systems to remove natural glues from cultural artefacts is very common, as they allow the application of controlled humidity to sensitive surfaces. These cleaning systems can be of natural or synthetic origin. The simplest gelled systems are made by adding a gelling agent (such us Laponite® RD, xanthan gum or agar-agar) to the cleaning agent.</div><div>The aim of this research is to evaluate, using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), the efficacy of hydrogels prepared from three commercial natural mucilages: guar, locust bean and konjac, in removing <em>gacha</em> from the reverse side of a canvas, and following the nowadays tendence that try to use eco-sustainable and bio-renewable cleaning materials. <em>Gacha</em> is an adhesive, made commonly with flour and animal glue as the main ingredients, used to line canvas paintings. The gels prepared were characterised by means of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), viscosity and aqueous phase release capacity. For this study, a mock-up of the canvas and the adhesive was prepared. Two application methods for the gels were tested: direct application and indirect using a physical barrier, with contact times of 15 and 30 min. The suitability of the mucilages in the elimination of the natural adhesive has been related to the decrease of the content of <em>gacha</em> on one side, and to the absence of gel residues after the cleaning process on the other, both parameters evaluated with ATR-FTIR analysis complemented with microscopic observations. The obtained results indicated that the removal of <em>gacha</em> was more effective with direct application, regardless of the mucilage used. On the other hand, mucilage residues are, in general, not significant, although in the case of direct application of guar and konjac for 15 min and locust bean and konjac for 30 min, the presence of mucilages traces were detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.020
Yichang Li , Hui Si , Chao Zhang , Hao Chen , Bing Xu , Hailiang Yang , Yang Zhou , Zhiqin Peng , Bing Wang
Leather deterioration process and mechanism are crucial for the rescue, conservation treatment and preventive conservation of archaeological leather, however, comprehensive research in this field is scarce and urgently needed. In this work, the deterioration behavior of artificially aged vegetable-tanned sheep leathers prepared using ancient traditional tanning methods was systematically investigated from multiple perspectives. The deterioration resulted in darkening of the leather color, weight loss of up to 25 %, reduction of mechanical strength, thermal stability and a decrease in hydroxyproline content of approximately 40 %. Combining proteomics and morphology, a new model for the leather hierarchical structural deterioration based on the molecular level was proposed. Collagen alpha-1(I) chain, collagen alpha-2(I) chain and collagen alpha-1(III) chain degraded dramatically under the action of high temperature, leading to the collapse of the triple helix structure, which caused distortions and breaks of the fibrils. As a result, the collagen fiber bundles became tangled and bifurcated, leading to the orderly and tough collagen fiber network becoming disordered and dried out. In addition, a novel quantifiable indicator for assessing the degree of leather deterioration based on hydroxyproline content was proposed. These findings provide new insights into the study of deterioration mechanism and preventive conservation of archaeological leather excavated in dry areas.
{"title":"Deterioration mechanism of vegetable tanned leather revealed by proteomics and structural analysis","authors":"Yichang Li , Hui Si , Chao Zhang , Hao Chen , Bing Xu , Hailiang Yang , Yang Zhou , Zhiqin Peng , Bing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leather deterioration process and mechanism are crucial for the rescue, conservation treatment and preventive conservation of archaeological leather, however, comprehensive research in this field is scarce and urgently needed. In this work, the deterioration behavior of artificially aged vegetable-tanned sheep leathers prepared using ancient traditional tanning methods was systematically investigated from multiple perspectives. The deterioration resulted in darkening of the leather color, weight loss of up to 25 %, reduction of mechanical strength, thermal stability and a decrease in hydroxyproline content of approximately 40 %. Combining proteomics and morphology, a new model for the leather hierarchical structural deterioration based on the molecular level was proposed. Collagen alpha-1(I) chain, collagen alpha-2(I) chain and collagen alpha-1(III) chain degraded dramatically under the action of high temperature, leading to the collapse of the triple helix structure, which caused distortions and breaks of the fibrils. As a result, the collagen fiber bundles became tangled and bifurcated, leading to the orderly and tough collagen fiber network becoming disordered and dried out. In addition, a novel quantifiable indicator for assessing the degree of leather deterioration based on hydroxyproline content was proposed. These findings provide new insights into the study of deterioration mechanism and preventive conservation of archaeological leather excavated in dry areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 382-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.023
Shudong Ding , Wenjing Liu , Xin Li , Youzhi Feng
The process of microbial deterioration leads to irreversible damage to cultural relics, weakening their capacity for preserving human civilization. Previous studies have focused primarily on descriptions of the composition, diversity, and metabolisms of microbial communities associated with relics. However, owing to the influence of community assembly on composition and ecological functions and to formulate preservation strategies for relics, it is imperative to understand the assembly of microbial communities and their emergent ecological functions. In this respect, this study uses ecological niche theory and neutral process theory to delineate the interactions among the assembly processes, species composition, and ecological functions of microbial communities within Qinling Mausoleum (one of the two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty). Our results indicate that deterministic processes reduce the diversity of bacterial communities, thereby enhancing the multifunctionality and metabolic activity related to biodeterioration. The bacterial community in the middle of the mausoleum was dominated by deterministic processes, and amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism were elevated. Thus, the middle community was more likely to produce organic and inorganic acids that eroded the brick. In this context, deterministic processes increase the potential risk of biodeterioration of the brick in the Qinling Mausoleum. This highly interactive cascade underscores the role of microbial community assembly in predicting the intensity of biodeterioration within mausoleum environments.
{"title":"The ecology of microbiome on cultural relics: The linkage of assembly, composition and biodeterioration","authors":"Shudong Ding , Wenjing Liu , Xin Li , Youzhi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of microbial deterioration leads to irreversible damage to cultural relics, weakening their capacity for preserving human civilization. Previous studies have focused primarily on descriptions of the composition, diversity, and metabolisms of microbial communities associated with relics. However, owing to the influence of community assembly on composition and ecological functions and to formulate preservation strategies for relics, it is imperative to understand the assembly of microbial communities and their emergent ecological functions. In this respect, this study uses ecological niche theory and neutral process theory to delineate the interactions among the assembly processes, species composition, and ecological functions of microbial communities within Qinling Mausoleum (one of the two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty). Our results indicate that deterministic processes reduce the diversity of bacterial communities, thereby enhancing the multifunctionality and metabolic activity related to biodeterioration. The bacterial community in the middle of the mausoleum was dominated by deterministic processes, and amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism were elevated. Thus, the middle community was more likely to produce organic and inorganic acids that eroded the brick. In this context, deterministic processes increase the potential risk of biodeterioration of the brick in the Qinling Mausoleum. This highly interactive cascade underscores the role of microbial community assembly in predicting the intensity of biodeterioration within mausoleum environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 412-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovan Francesco Caroto was a famous Renaissance who played a fundamental role in Venetian painting at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. Despite this, just a few of his works have been studied in depth with a multidisciplinary approach between art history and scientific diagnostics. In this study, twenty paintings spanning almost forty years of his entire production in different areas of Northern Italy were analysed. The occasion for this study was the monographic exhibition dedicated to Caroto in Verona, in the halls of the Palazzo della Gran Guardia, in 2022. The research project focused on the application of non-invasive and in-situ techniques on a large number of paintings, following a consolidated protocol from imaging to spectroscopic analyses. The goal was to transition the local determination into a whole pattern analysis through a chemometric statistical evaluation. Indeed, it was possible to gain an overview of the material dimension of the artist by correlating chemical data with the year and place of production. This was achieved by overlapping Vis-IR imaging data with a high number of surface analyses (UV-Vis-NIR fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy -FORS-), and stratigraphic elemental analyses (XRF spectrometry). A multi-layer reading of the analysed works was proposed from the preparatory layer to the glaze and surface finish. Full-field IR reflectography allowed the corpus analysed to be considered in its entirety, discriminating original materials and retouchings, for the identification of the areas most representative for chemical analyses. The application of this protocol, along with the cross-discussion of the data acquired, and the comparison with historical sources enabled the identification of the artist's palette and its evolution over time. Moreover, the determination of minerals and minor elements in pigments traced Caroto's movements between Verona and Casale Monferrato, also providing information on material supply habits.
{"title":"Beyond the youth smile: Investigating techniques and materials in Caroto's paintings by analytical single-point analyses and IR reflectography in full-field","authors":"Dafne Cimino , Angelo Agostino , Paola Artoni , Monica Molteni , Claudia Daffara","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Giovan Francesco Caroto was a famous Renaissance who played a fundamental role in Venetian painting at the turn of the 15<sup>th</sup> and 16<sup>th</sup> centuries. Despite this, just a few of his works have been studied in depth with a multidisciplinary approach between art history and scientific diagnostics. In this study, twenty paintings spanning almost forty years of his entire production in different areas of Northern Italy were analysed. The occasion for this study was the monographic exhibition dedicated to Caroto in Verona, in the halls of the Palazzo della Gran Guardia, in 2022. The research project focused on the application of non-invasive and <em>in-situ</em> techniques on a large number of paintings, following a consolidated protocol from imaging to spectroscopic analyses. The goal was to transition the local determination into a whole pattern analysis through a chemometric statistical evaluation. Indeed, it was possible to gain an overview of the material dimension of the artist by correlating chemical data with the year and place of production. This was achieved by overlapping Vis-IR imaging data with a high number of surface analyses (UV-Vis-NIR fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy -FORS-), and stratigraphic elemental analyses (XRF spectrometry). A multi-layer reading of the analysed works was proposed from the preparatory layer to the glaze and surface finish. Full-field IR reflectography allowed the <em>corpus</em> analysed to be considered in its entirety, discriminating original materials and retouchings, for the identification of the areas most representative for chemical analyses. The application of this protocol, along with the cross-discussion of the data acquired, and the comparison with historical sources enabled the identification of the artist's palette and its evolution over time. Moreover, the determination of minerals and minor elements in pigments traced Caroto's movements between Verona and Casale Monferrato, also providing information on material supply habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 370-381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.006
Bo Pang , Jian Yang , Tian Xia , Anshan Zhang , Kai Zhang , Qingfeng Xu , Feiliang Wang
The maintenance of buildings, underpinned by the digital twin technique, becomes integral to heritage conservation efforts. To achieve efficient modelling with minimal manual intervention, automated component recognition based on semantic segmentation of point clouds is imperative. Confronted by the challenges of the paucity of requisite datasets and the inherent geometric diversity of historical buildings, a two-step strategy including feature extraction and classification is proposed. First, an improved SHOT descriptor is proposed to extract discriminative features by defining a specific local reference system and concatenating support fields at different scales. The extracted features are then classified with a learning-based network, avoiding a feature learning process that relies on sufficient data. Experiments on real-world heritage point clouds yield 93.7% accuracy and an 80.0% mean-intersection-over-union (mIoU) when descriptors with radii of 0.3 m and 0.9 m are combined, surpassing computationally expensive deep learning networks and data-intensive unsupervised learning. A slight decrease in segmentation performance with random removal of points indicates the high robustness of the proposed method against data missing and sampling density changes. Additionally, a geometric modelling process with an error of less than 10% is introduced to achieve a direct transition from point cloud to model, contributing to the establishment of digital twins for heritage structures.
{"title":"Automated heritage building component recognition and modelling based on local features","authors":"Bo Pang , Jian Yang , Tian Xia , Anshan Zhang , Kai Zhang , Qingfeng Xu , Feiliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maintenance of buildings, underpinned by the digital twin technique, becomes integral to heritage conservation efforts. To achieve efficient modelling with minimal manual intervention, automated component recognition based on semantic segmentation of point clouds is imperative. Confronted by the challenges of the paucity of requisite datasets and the inherent geometric diversity of historical buildings, a two-step strategy including feature extraction and classification is proposed. First, an improved SHOT descriptor is proposed to extract discriminative features by defining a specific local reference system and concatenating support fields at different scales. The extracted features are then classified with a learning-based network, avoiding a feature learning process that relies on sufficient data. Experiments on real-world heritage point clouds yield 93.7% accuracy and an 80.0% mean-intersection-over-union (mIoU) when descriptors with radii of 0.3 m and 0.9 m are combined, surpassing computationally expensive deep learning networks and data-intensive unsupervised learning. A slight decrease in segmentation performance with random removal of points indicates the high robustness of the proposed method against data missing and sampling density changes. Additionally, a geometric modelling process with an error of less than 10% is introduced to achieve a direct transition from point cloud to model, contributing to the establishment of digital twins for heritage structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 252-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.001
E. Cervelli , E. Scotto di Perta , S. Pindozzi
Rural buildings have shaped for centuries the landscape. In the last decades, however, the traditional balance between vernacular architectures and agricultural areas was often altered, without a correspondence between productions and buildings. Identifying the rural buildings distribution, recognizing the changes in land uses and understanding the criteria and processes which characterize them, are strategic both to protect the traditional and cultural heritage and to support a suitable landscape development.
The main aims of the work are: to support the identification of vernacular architectures in Mediterranean costal and less productive contexts; to recognize the land use changes and their impacts on landscape structure; and to support the decision makers activity considering both the historical building heritage and the local community development issues.
In the study area, the Sorrento’ Peninsula (Southern Italy), at local scale, due to the absence of a regional archive on rural buildings, the buildings identification (in the last fifty years) inside the agricultural areas and their comparison with topographic, aesthetic and connectivity indices were developed; at regional scale, land uses changes recognition and their impact assessment, in terms of landscape metrics were assessed.
A considerably huge area (20 %) was subjected to land use changes, mainly due to urban and forested areas increase and agricultural lands decrease. As fragmentation process results, the landscape structure is more complex and disaggregated, consisting of smaller, numerous and isolated parcels. Furthermore, despite the reduction in agricultural areas, the number of buildings has more than doubled, highlighting the strong pressure to which the territory is subjected today due to land consumption. The results stand out the need for decision-makers to monitor these contexts to stem the effects, and the vernacular architecture preservation and the agricultural uses improvement can be the support for new different socio-economic activities and opportunities.
The present work proved to be useful for meta-analysis of rural buildings distribution compared with land use changed driving forces, allowing a significant reduction in analysis costs and times. The approaches and methods integration allows providing a replicable model for other Mediterranean and European regions. The combination of traditional knowledge and modern technology offers a comprehensive approach to support a landscape management that respects both the past and the future, fostering resilience and sustainable development in rural areas.
{"title":"Diachronic analyses on land use changes and vernacular architecture distribution, to support agricultural landscape development","authors":"E. Cervelli , E. Scotto di Perta , S. Pindozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rural buildings have shaped for centuries the landscape. In the last decades, however, the traditional balance between vernacular architectures and agricultural areas was often altered, without a correspondence between productions and buildings. Identifying the rural buildings distribution, recognizing the changes in land uses and understanding the criteria and processes which characterize them, are strategic both to protect the traditional and cultural heritage and to support a suitable landscape development.</div><div>The main aims of the work are: to support the identification of vernacular architectures in Mediterranean costal and less productive contexts; to recognize the land use changes and their impacts on landscape structure; and to support the decision makers activity considering both the historical building heritage and the local community development issues.</div><div>In the study area, the Sorrento’ Peninsula (Southern Italy), at local scale, due to the absence of a regional archive on rural buildings, the buildings identification (in the last fifty years) inside the agricultural areas and their comparison with topographic, aesthetic and connectivity indices were developed; at regional scale, land uses changes recognition and their impact assessment, in terms of landscape metrics were assessed.</div><div>A considerably huge area (20 %) was subjected to land use changes, mainly due to urban and forested areas increase and agricultural lands decrease. As fragmentation process results, the landscape structure is more complex and disaggregated, consisting of smaller, numerous and isolated parcels. Furthermore, despite the reduction in agricultural areas, the number of buildings has more than doubled, highlighting the strong pressure to which the territory is subjected today due to land consumption. The results stand out the need for decision-makers to monitor these contexts to stem the effects, and the vernacular architecture preservation and the agricultural uses improvement can be the support for new different socio-economic activities and opportunities.</div><div>The present work proved to be useful for meta-analysis of rural buildings distribution compared with land use changed driving forces, allowing a significant reduction in analysis costs and times. The approaches and methods integration allows providing a replicable model for other Mediterranean and European regions. The combination of traditional knowledge and modern technology offers a comprehensive approach to support a landscape management that respects both the past and the future, fostering resilience and sustainable development in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.018
Stéphane Le Mouélic , Clémentine Paquier-Berthelot , Antoine Verney , Philippe Walter , Gwénaël Caravaca , Arnaud Daret , Martin Bostal
The Bayeux Tapestry is one of the most famous pieces of medieval art. Our objective is to report on a 3D image processing experiment carried out to test and prepare further dedicated and more systematic observation campaigns. We have tested the capacity of the Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry range imaging technique to compute detailed 3D models of the Tapestry through its protecting window, using a Nikon Z7II full frame mirrorless camera. Tests have been carried out both at the global scale and at the local scale on four scenes, including the Halley comet. We show that 3D details up to the fabric weft level can be obtained locally using this photogrammetry technique, in addition to a global digital model. We have also computed a 3D model of the interior of the nearby Bayeux Cathedral. A Virtual Reality simulation has been created to showcase a subset of the Tapestry inside the Bayeux Cathedral, in order to validate a proof of concept for potential future digital outreach and scientific enhancement projects.
{"title":"3D imaging of the Bayeux Tapestry using photogrammetry and integration into virtual reality: Results of a feasibility test","authors":"Stéphane Le Mouélic , Clémentine Paquier-Berthelot , Antoine Verney , Philippe Walter , Gwénaël Caravaca , Arnaud Daret , Martin Bostal","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bayeux Tapestry is one of the most famous pieces of medieval art. Our objective is to report on a 3D image processing experiment carried out to test and prepare further dedicated and more systematic observation campaigns. We have tested the capacity of the Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry range imaging technique to compute detailed 3D models of the Tapestry through its protecting window, using a Nikon Z7II full frame mirrorless camera. Tests have been carried out both at the global scale and at the local scale on four scenes, including the Halley comet. We show that 3D details up to the fabric weft level can be obtained locally using this photogrammetry technique, in addition to a global digital model. We have also computed a 3D model of the interior of the nearby Bayeux Cathedral. A Virtual Reality simulation has been created to showcase a subset of the Tapestry inside the Bayeux Cathedral, in order to validate a proof of concept for potential future digital outreach and scientific enhancement projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.004
Pierre Tignol , Vanessa Pimenta , Anne-Laurence Dupont , Silvia Carvalho , Moisés L. Pinto , Christian Serre , Bertrand Lavédrine
The quality of indoor air in Cultural Heritage (CH) institutions is a prime concern for the preservation of the artefacts in the collections. When stored in enclosures such as boxes and cabinets, or when exhibited in display cases or poorly ventilated rooms, a buildup of pollutants, in particular very volatile (VVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can occur and be detrimental to the objects. These airborne pollutants arise from the slow deterioration of the objects themselves as well as from the outgassing of storage, exhibition and cleaning products and materials (wood, plastics, varnishes, paints, cleaning products). Carboxylic acids are a category of airborne pollutants that are particularly harmful to cultural goods, while aldehydes might be hazardous to human health. Adsorbents are often used to trap these pollutants, and currently activated carbons and zeolites are the most common ones. Nonetheless they are not compound-selective, their efficiency and regeneration ability are limited and they can re-emit the pollutants. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and, specifically, the benchmark mesoporous Fe(III) trimesate MOF denoted MIL-100(Fe), have been recently reported to selectively capture carboxylic acids, even in the presence of moisture. In this work, we studied three adsorbents, namely activated carbon, NaY zeolite and the MOF MIL-100(Fe), shaped as paper sheets, by mixing them with cellulose fibers and nanofibers. Their performance for the capture of various target substances notoriously emitted by CH artefacts, namely formic acid, acetic acid, acrylic acid, and furfural was compared. The tests were carried out in passive adsorption mode, in a purpose-made exposure laboratory bottle, in the presence of moisture and at pollutant concentrations of a few hundred ppm. The MOF paper composite showed better efficiency than the other two paper composites, being 15 % to 30 % more efficient than the activated carbon paper at target substance saturation level and reaching adsorption capacities between 200 and 300 mgpollutant.g-1adsorbent under the experimental conditions. Moreover, only the MOF paper sheet did not release the pollutants. In a view of a practical application, the MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet was tested for the adsorption of acetic acid vapours emitted by cellulose acetate films, and confirmed the experimental results. This innovative solution could therefore be of use for air purification in heritage institutions to better protect airborne pollutant-sensitive cultural artefacts.
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