Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Chinese vernacular villages renovation: A methodology for establishing a 3D interactive database","authors":"Dan Hu ,&nbsp;Liheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiajia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vernacular villages sustainable development has emerged as a crucial component of China’s rural revitalization strategy. How to integrate 3D digital technology with vernacular village renovation has become a topic worthy of in-depth exploration.</div><div>This research aims to develop a methodology for constructing a web-based visualization and comprehensive database. It is designed to synthesize traditional renovation methods with 3D digital modeling in service of vernacular village revitalization. Its specific aims include: supplying both authentic and derivative information for renovation; enabling the long-term preservation of cultural heritage; providing visualized renovation strategies; facilitating 3D visual design within an authentic context; and offering an interactive platform for user participation.</div><div>Methodologically, it derives the database requirements and content from an analysis of relevant literature and renovation cases. It critically formulates a database design methodology, building upon existing best practices, that is tailored to vernacular villages in China. It has been practiced in Muka Village as a case study, demonstrating its potential applicability to other vernacular villages.</div><div>The research resulted in a database structured into a five-level hierarchy: National/Provincial, Regional, Village, Settlement, and Building. Its content encompasses multi-level 3D models and derived data, policy documents, visualized renovation strategies, and interactive model upload/download functionalities. The process is: data collection and processing, derived data generation, data format unification, and visualization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colours of deception? An investigation into historic Reeves watercolours","authors":"Leonardo Pantoja Munoz ,&nbsp;Aldous Eveleigh ,&nbsp;Huw Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The authenticity of historical artist materials has long been a subject of interest in conservation and forensic studies yet formal investigations into counterfeit artist materials remain largely unexplored. This study investigated a set of watercolour blocks from the famous Reeves family, including samples suspected to be counterfeit due to inconsistencies in labelling. While historical records document fraudulent artist materials, no prior research has systematically analysed suspected counterfeit watercolours using advanced chemical techniques.</div><div>The aim of this research was to determine whether the dubious Reeves &amp; Sons watercolour blocks exhibit material discrepancies indicative of counterfeit. By comparing their composition with known historical formulations, deviations in pigments, binder content, and unexpected additives were assessed.</div><div>A multi-technique analytical approach was employed incorporating physical separation, spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman and SEM-EDX), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS) to characterise organic and inorganic components. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to detect patterns of formulation differences across samples.</div><div>Of the eleven pigment blocks analysed, dimensional and textual inconsistencies, unusual filler compositions and deviations in material properties, such as gum composition, provided evidence that supports the interpretation that four blocks (F1, F2, F3, and F4) are likely fakes. Historical records confirm that similar counterfeits existed, reinforcing this conclusion. Additionally, control samples spanning over 150 years exhibit consistent and expected characteristics, further highlighting the anomalies in the dubious blocks. However, the possibility of undocumented manufacturing variations cannot be entirely dismissed. The findings stress the need for further research, particularly on binder composition and broader forensic methods for identifying forgeries across other artistic media, to refine authentication processes and ensure accurate historical documentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing LIBS damage in the analysis of decorative tiles using RGB data clustering","authors":"Rafael Cavaco ,&nbsp;Diana Capela ,&nbsp;Pedro A. S. Jorge ,&nbsp;Nuno A. Silva ,&nbsp;Diana Guimarães","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spectral analysis of cultural heritage materials offers valuable insights into the restoration and preservation of historical artifacts, revealing details about the materials used and the manufacturing techniques employed. However, given their historical and artistic significance, the extraction of elemental information from these fragile samples poses a unique challenge, as these objects must be examined using minimally invasive methods to prevent irreversible damage. Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is one such technique, providing a rapid and detailed elemental characterization. Yet, extensive LIBS analysis can still compromise the integrity of these delicate objects. In this work, a novel approach that integrates spectral and RGB data clustering to significantly reduce the number of LIBS measurements required is introduced. By segmenting the material into visually and chemically distinct clusters, this method enables targeted LIBS analysis using only a few representative shots per cluster, thus preserving the integrity of cultural heritage artifacts while still delivering reliable compositional insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New multi-functional encapsulation systems based on HP-β-cyclodextrin, chitosan and essential oils for conservation of organic-media cultural heritage","authors":"Benedetta Paolino ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Sorrentino ,&nbsp;Ernesto Lahoz ,&nbsp;Marina Ramos ,&nbsp;María Carmen Garrigós Selva ,&nbsp;Severina Pacifico","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a new multi-functional encapsulation system was formulated by using, for the first time, spray drying technique for application in cultural heritage conservation. A bio-based and safe ready to use formulation allowing homogeneous application of the anti-fungal and de-acidifying substance in an aqueous medium, without using surfactants or solvents that may interfere with the artistic substrates, was obtained. The chemical profile of lavender and rosemary essential oils (EOs) were obtained by GC-MS. These EOs were encapsulated in HP-β-cyclodextrin and chitosan by spray drying. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA, DSC) of encapsulated samples were performed, whereas structural and morphological analyses were carried out by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Encapsulated materials showed good performance in terms of Encapsulation Efficiency and Yield, with 95% and 54% for encapsulated lavender (LEEO), and 86% and 76% for encapsulated rosemary (REEO), respectively. Antifungal activity of raw and encapsulated EOs was studied towards Alternaria alternata in poisoned culture media and on paper mocks-up. The studied materials also showed improved thermal stability and enhanced antifungal properties of EOs. The paper models treated with LEEO and REEO and subjected to artificial aging showed total colorimetric variation ΔE &lt; 3 and a surface pH of 6.5. This research demonstrated the potential of using antifungal encapsulated EOs for the conservation of artistic organic-media objects in cultural heritage. These materials can perform a dual action by preserving the artworks from biological damage as well as acting as a de-acidifying treatment for the support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Use of lacquer collected from Toxicodendron succedaneum for the Neolithic lacquerware detected in Zhejiang Province of China’ [Journal of Cultural Heritage 77(2026) 254-264]","authors":"Yoshimi Kamiya ,&nbsp;Takayuki Honda ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Nagai ,&nbsp;Chuichi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Miyakoshi ,&nbsp;Ningyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Guoping Sun ,&nbsp;Leping Jiang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Shuichi Noshiro ,&nbsp;Shinichi Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Page 256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic forecasting reveals a silent collapse of archaeological heritage in Peru’s Chillón Valley","authors":"Christian Mesía-Montenegro ,&nbsp;Angel Sanchez-Borjas","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unregulated land-use changes are accelerating the loss of archaeological heritage, yet quantitative forecasts of site disappearance remain rare. We present an open, Python-based pipeline that converts two decades (2000 – 2023) of satellite-derived loss trajectories for 56 pre-Hispanic sites in Peru’s peri‑urban Chillón Valley into probabilistic collapse forecasts. After filtering for adequate temporal coverage, 33 sites were modelled with ordinary least-squares regressions whose parameter uncertainty was propagated through 10 000 Monte-Carlo draws. Under a business-as-usual assumption—recent degradation rates persist—median disappearance years and 95 % credible intervals place six sites as already lost, eight at high risk (&lt; 15 years), and the remainder in mid- and late-century risk tiers. Kernel-density visualization of the full 2000 – 2023 loss record reveals three valley-wide degradation phases: initial stability (2000 – 2005), acceleration (2005 – 2015) and late-wave intensification (2015 – 2025). The framework shows how retrospective mapping and forward-looking uncertainty jointly prioritize intervention, while the peri‑urban context cautions against uncritical generalization to dissimilar landscapes. All code and data are openly archived to foster replication and adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 187-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of deep learning methods in damage classification, detection, and segmentation of cultural heritage sites","authors":"Aya ElBehairy ,&nbsp;Nermean A. Abu El-Nasr ,&nbsp;Phillip Grimberg ,&nbsp;Lobna A. Said","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning techniques are increasingly used to monitor and assess damage in cultural heritage sites. This paper reviews recent advances in deep learning for classifying, detecting, and segmenting damage in the context of heritage preservation. Classification methods identify the type of damage (e.g., cracks, mould) but lack detailed spatial information. Detection methods use bounding boxes to localize damaged regions, thereby simplifying damage monitoring. Segmentation methods provide pixel-level mapping of damage; hence, they are useful for documenting complex structures and surfaces. However, all segmentation-based approaches require large datasets and computational resources. This review systematically compares these three methodologies, discussing the strengths and limitations of each with respect to dataset requirements, spatial precision, and computational demands. In addition, the application of hybrid models, transfer learning, and the combination of deep learning with traditional image processing methods are discussed in the context of cultural preservation. Based on this discussion, suitable approaches are suggested for different heritage monitoring tasks and scenarios. Furthermore, the paper outlines potential directions for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 228-237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shining a light on the degradation of triarylmethane dyes: Multi-analytical study of a faded 1880s printed cotton dress","authors":"Catarina M. Pinto ,&nbsp;David Buti ,&nbsp;Letizia Monico ,&nbsp;Aldo Romani ,&nbsp;Lucia Burgio ,&nbsp;Brenda Doherty","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the fading of the blue-green background in an 1885 printed cotton dress by Edmund Potter &amp; Co., in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&amp;A). Uneven fading patterns indicate differential light exposure, with protected areas retaining greater vibrancy. An in-situ analytical campaign employing portable UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopy, colorimetry, and VIS hyperspectral imaging identified dye constituents and evaluated their conservation state. Complementary micro-destructive Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy suggests the presence of early synthetic triarylmethane dyes. To further investigate their photo-fading behaviour, mordanted cotton mock-ups dyed with selected blue-green triarylmethane dyes commercially available at the time of the dress’s production, namely, diamond green B (C.I. 42,000, Basic Green 4, 1877), diamond green G (C.I. 42,040, Basic Green 1, 1879) and yellowish light green SF (C.I. 42,095, Acid Green 5, late 19th Century) were subjected to controlled aging and monitored. Comparative analysis with in situ data provided contextual insight into the photochemical behaviour of the dyes, highlighting differences associated with substituent type and orientation and their potential influence on observed photoproducts, including benzophenones. These findings advance the understanding of triarylmethane dye fading in important historical textiles and inform conservation strategies for museum display of such dye sensitive collections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A linalool-based nanostructured fluid for the removal of alkyd paints","authors":"Corinne Suraci ,&nbsp;Michele Baglioni ,&nbsp;Giovanna Poggi ,&nbsp;Rodorico Giorgi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel, naturally-inspired nanostructured formulation based on an unconventional green solvent, linalool, for the removal of alkyd-based paints. Linalool is the main compound in lavender essential oil, and exhibits high chemical affinity to synthetic binders, such as alkyd resins, due to its specific solubility parameters. A linalool based microemulsion was prepared using a cationic surfactant, and its phase behaviour was systematically investigated. The morphology and structure of the micelles were also investigated and characterised by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). In terms of efficacy, the formulation was compared with a commercially available product well established in conservation practice for the removal of synthetic coatings. The system was tested on a laboratory scale using commercial tubes and spray paints applied on mortar mock-ups. Moreover, the system was applied on real case studies for the removal of unauthorized tags, from a cement-based facade covered with silicate-based outdoor paints. The promising results provide valuable insights into the potential application of linalool-based cleaning systems for conservation practice</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeophysical impact of algal biofilms developed on granite and mortar substrates under night-time ornamental lighting","authors":"Anxo Méndez ,&nbsp;Davide Gulotta ,&nbsp;David M. Freire-Lista ,&nbsp;Patricia Sanmartín","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ornamental LED lighting is commonly used to illuminate architectural heritage at night. Since phototrophs rely on light as an energy source through photosynthesis, the artificial extension of the natural photoperiod can impact microalgae and cyanobacteria dwelling on stone surfaces. These organisms form subaerial biofilms (SABs), which lead to biofouling of building materials and pose challenges for heritage conservation. For the first time, the present study looked in depth at what happens at the SAB-substrate interface when biofilm formation occurs under daylight followed by ornamental lighting. Granite (the main material in historical buildings and structures in NW Spain and many other regions of the world) and cement (the most widely used material for construction, especially in modern and contemporary architecture) have been used as test substrates, inhabited by algal biofilms mainly composed by the green algae &lt;em&gt;Bracteacoccus minor&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Stichococcus bacillaris&lt;/em&gt;. Tests were conducted after a 3-month exposure to different ornamental LED light conditions. The tested conditions comprised a photoperiod of 13 h of daylight, followed by 6 h of exposure to different ornamental LED illumination, and 5 h of darkness (imitating the photoperiod of ornamentally illuminated monuments). The ornamental LED lighting conditions tested were an innovative amber+green light (at 3000 K, with biostatic effect and under trial), two lights suitable for illuminating the urban fabric: warm white light (at 2580 K, with a yellower hue) and cool white light (at 4600 K, with bluer hue), and a reference scenario without ornamental lighting (i.e., darkness). Blank specimens without colonization were also included. Surface roughness and hardness, VIS-light spectrophotometry, static contact angle and water absorption, as well as petrographic and 3D microscopy, were used to evaluate the lighting impact on the SABs interactions with the building material substrates. The presence of SAB increased the surface hardness, water absorption time and static contact angle while reducing the surface hardness of both the granite and mortar specimens. The SAB-substrate interface exposed to amber+green light behaved similarly to the biofouled specimens without ornamental illumination, minimizing its effects in comparison to both white lights tested, which further affected those parameters. The color differences of the surface, changed by the ornamental lighting conditions, were also minimized under the amber+green light. The results suggest a lower level of SAB development under the innovative amber+green light. Petrographic microscopy of thin sections reveals differential SAB coverage across the granite surface, depending on local mineralogical differences, with biotite appearing uncolonized. In the mortar specimens, the SAB was thinner and appeared to fill the macropores. The results can inform the design of more effective ornamental lighting strategies in cities,","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 7-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}