Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献_第10页

A site-wide and comprehensive assessment of salt-induced tuff deterioration in the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum 赫库兰尼姆考古公园盐致凝灰岩变质的全区综合评估

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.028

Sara Puente-Muñoz , Jennifer Huidobro , Iñaki Vázquez-de la Fuente , Idoia Etxebarria , Ilaria Costantini , Marco Veneranda , Nagore Prieto-Taboada , Oleksii Ilchenko , Giuseppe Di Girolami , Angela Di Lillo , Marina Caso , Rossella Di Lauro , Kepa Castro , Gorka Arana , Juan Manuel Madariaga

The Archaeological Park of Herculaneum, buried by the 79 CE eruption of Mount Vesuvius, faces a significant conservation challenge, the degradation of the volcanic tuff walls. Building upon previous studies, this work presents the first large-scale assessment of this degradation phenomenon, employing a comprehensive analytical approach that extends across the entire archaeological park. In detail, this study combines in-situ and laboratory analyses to investigate the origin and composition of the soluble salts that take part in this degradation process. Thermographic imaging identified moisture accumulation at the base of walls, confirming the capillary rise of humidity from the soil. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that sodium sulfate, in both anhydrous (thenardite) and hydrated (mirabilite) forms, is the predominant salt, with additional contributions from calcium sulfate and minor nitrates. Ion chromatography of soil samples confirmed significant spatial and seasonal variations, with sulfates more concentrated in northern areas and increasing overall in winter. The results demonstrate that a combined approach using ion chromatography, thermographic imaging, and handheld Raman spectroscopy provides an efficient diagnostic tool for assessing salt-related deterioration. This protocol could be extended to other archaeological sites to guide conservation strategies and mitigate the impact of salt-induced decay on built heritage.

赫库兰尼姆考古公园被公元79年的维苏威火山喷发所掩埋，面临着一个重大的保护挑战，即火山凝灰岩壁的退化。在先前研究的基础上，这项工作首次对这种退化现象进行了大规模评估，采用了一种全面的分析方法，延伸到整个考古公园。详细地说，这项研究结合了现场和实验室分析来研究参与这一降解过程的可溶性盐的来源和组成。热成像发现了墙壁底部的水分积累，证实了土壤湿度的毛细管上升。拉曼光谱和红外光谱显示，无水（芒硝）和水合（芒硝）形式的硫酸钠是主要的盐，硫酸钙和少量硝酸盐也有额外的贡献。土壤样品的离子层析证实了显著的空间和季节变化，硫酸盐在北部地区更集中，冬季总体增加。结果表明，离子色谱、热成像和手持式拉曼光谱相结合的方法为评估盐相关的变质提供了有效的诊断工具。该协议可以扩展到其他考古遗址，以指导保护策略并减轻盐引起的腐烂对建筑遗产的影响。

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引用次数: 0

New excavations at Pompeii: Analyzing the alteration risks of mural paintings recently retrieved from burial 庞贝的新发掘：分析最近从埋葬中取回的壁画的改变风险

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.08.003

Jennifer Huidobro , Marco Veneranda , Ilaria Costantini , Idoia Etxebarria , Iñaki Vázquez de la Fuente , Sara Puente-Muñoz , Nagore Prieto-Taboada , Giuseppe Di Girolami , Valeria Amoretti , Kepa Castro , Gorka Arana , Juan Manuel Madariaga

This work reports on a multidisciplinary study conducted by the IBeA Research Group on mural paintings from Pompeii (Casa dei Pittori al Lavoro, Insula dei Casti Amanti) as they were being retrieved from burial.

In detail, in-situ spectroscopic analysis (Raman, infrared and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies) were combined with thermographic imaging to evaluate the composition of the paintings and their alteration products. These results guided the collection of micrometric samples, which were subsequently analyzed in the laboratory using Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Ionic Chromatography techniques.

To assist conservators in the selection of the optimal preservation procedures, the analytical results obtained in this work proved that the investigated paintings are threatened by two main alteration pathways. The first alteration is related to the formation of saline efflorescence on the lower parts of the walls. This phenomenon may be due to the presence of a shallow water table in the vicinity of the house, but more studies should be conducted. Regarding the second alteration pathway, biological remains were detected on the wall paintings, which may be attributed to the presence of volcanic debris acting as a substrate for biological colonization. However, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.

While providing the Archaeological Park of Pompeii with the analytical results needed to plan tailored conservation treatments, this work demonstrates that cultural heritage conservation can strongly benefit from the synergistic collaboration between restorers and conservation scientists.

这项工作报告了IBeA研究小组对庞贝壁画（Casa dei Pittori al Lavoro, Insula dei Casti Amanti）进行的多学科研究，因为它们被从埋葬中取回。详细地，将原位光谱分析（拉曼光谱、红外光谱和x射线荧光光谱）与热成像相结合，以评估绘画及其蚀变产物的成分。这些结果指导了微米样品的收集，随后在实验室中使用拉曼、傅里叶变换红外光谱和离子色谱技术进行分析。为了帮助保护人员选择最佳的保护程序，本工作获得的分析结果证明，所调查的绘画受到两种主要的改变途径的威胁。第一个变化与壁下部形成的含盐花期有关。这种现象可能是由于房屋附近的地下水位较浅，但需要进行更多的研究。对于第二种蚀变途径，在壁画上发现了生物遗骸，这可能是由于火山碎屑的存在作为生物定植的基质。然而，需要进一步的研究来证实这一假设。在为庞贝考古公园提供量身定制的保护措施所需的分析结果的同时，这项工作表明，文化遗产保护可以从修复者和保护科学家之间的协同合作中受益匪浅。

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引用次数: 0

ours Elsevier 我们的爱思唯尔

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2074(25)00195-5

引用次数: 0

Preserving the contemporary mural “Musica Popolare” by Orticanoodles in Milan, Italy: Deterioration processes and protection performance of commercial coatings 保存意大利米兰Orticanoodles的当代壁画“Musica Popolare”：商业涂料的变质过程和保护性能

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.08.004

Nicolò Guarnieri , Laura Pagnin , Letizia Berti , Sara Goidanich , Davide Gulotta , Francesca Caterina Izzo , Lucia Toniolo

This study aims to investigate the possibility of protecting real street artworks in urban outdoor conditions. Specifically, this paper focuses on a testing experimental work carried out on the mural “Musica Popolare” (2016) in Milan by Orticanoodles and includes: i) the assessment of the state of conservation through in-situ and micro-invasive techniques; ii) the set-up of an in-situ testing protocol to assess the compatibility and efficacy of protective treatments; iii) the one-year monitoring testing campaign. This study investigates the deterioration processes of the paint and evaluates the protective performances of various commercial coatings, which were previously tested under laboratory conditions. Notably, the mural experiences three distinct exposure conditions (fully exposed, partially exposed, and sheltered) allowing for a comparative evaluation of their effects. The coatings performance was evaluated by using a testing protocol including: portable digital microscopy, VIS reflectance spectroscopy, glossmetry, and vertical water contact angle measurements. After one year of natural ageing, the monitoring results indicate that acrylic-based coatings offered only limited protective action of the painted surface, ensuring a moderate colour retention but an insufficient protection towards liquid water. In sheltered areas, the application of protective coatings had a negative effect, making the treated surfaces more unstable than the original paintings without significantly improving water repellency (WCAs). An increase of particulate matter (PM) adhesion to the surfaces was also observed. Contact angle measurements indicated that only the fluorinated coatings achieved and maintained good water repellency over the one-year period. However, none of the tested coatings provided satisfactory protection over the monitoring period, highlighting the need for more innovative and effective preservation strategies for these artworks.

本研究旨在探讨在城市户外条件下保护真实街头艺术品的可能性。具体而言，本文重点关注Orticanoodles在米兰对壁画“Musica Popolare”（2016）进行的测试实验工作，包括：i)通过原位和微侵入技术评估保护状况；Ii)建立现场测试方案，以评估保护性处理的兼容性和有效性；三、为期一年的监测检测活动。本研究调查了油漆的变质过程，并评估了各种商业涂料的防护性能，这些涂料之前在实验室条件下进行了测试。值得注意的是，壁画经历了三种不同的暴露条件（完全暴露，部分暴露和遮蔽），允许对其效果进行比较评估。涂层的性能通过测试方案进行评估，测试方案包括：便携式数字显微镜、VIS反射光谱、光泽度和垂直水接触角测量。经过一年的自然老化后，监测结果表明，丙烯酸基涂料对涂漆表面的保护作用有限，确保了适度的保色性，但对液态水的保护不足。在有遮蔽的区域，防护涂层的应用产生了负面影响，使处理过的表面比原始绘画更不稳定，而没有显着改善拒水性（WCAs）。还观察到颗粒物质（PM）粘附在表面上的增加。接触角测量表明，在一年的时间里，只有氟化涂料达到并保持了良好的拒水性。然而，在监测期间，没有一种被测试的涂层提供了令人满意的保护，这凸显了对这些艺术品更创新和有效的保护策略的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Lac dye colours: A review of the origin, history and identification techniques in textiles 紫胶染料：纺织品中紫胶染料的起源、历史和鉴定技术综述

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.026

Mila Crippa , Dominique Cardon , Diego Tamburini , Takumasa Kondo , Paula Nabais

Lac dye, the dyestuff derived from Kerria scale insects, has been valued for millennia by various civilizations, which have appreciated its deep red shades in textiles, paintings, and other cultural artefacts. The colour derived from lac dye is complex both in structure and history, and has been the topic of numerous discussions addressing its origin, history and multiple uses as a dyestuff, medicine or cosmetic. However, there is still a significant lack of cohesion between sources, and no publication to date has offered a comprehensive overview of lac dye. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the biological sources from which lac dye derives; the historical importance in Asia and the Mediterranean area; and the variety of processing techniques according to technical written sources. Particular attention is given to the use of lac dye on textiles by comparing the existing dyeing manuals and identification in historical textiles by analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detectors or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The review also offers an updated overview on the taxonomy of Kerria lac insects, highlighting their geographical diversity and suggesting future perspective of research. The discussion provides new insights into the complexity of lac dye and its use in the dyeing traditions worldwide, by intersecting sources from history, science and art.

紫胶染料是一种从紫胶蚧虫中提取的染料，几千年来一直受到各种文明的重视，它们在纺织品、绘画和其他文化文物中都欣赏它的深红色。紫胶染料衍生的颜色在结构和历史上都很复杂，并且已经成为许多讨论的主题，涉及其起源，历史和作为染料，医药或化妆品的多种用途。然而，来源之间仍然明显缺乏凝聚力，迄今为止没有出版物提供了紫胶染料的全面概述。本文旨在通过探索紫胶染料的生物来源来填补这方面的知识空白；在亚洲和地中海地区的历史重要性；并根据各种加工工艺写成技术资料。特别关注lac染料在纺织品上的使用，通过比较现有的染色手册和通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）耦合二极管阵列（DAD）和质谱（MS）探测器或表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）等分析方法对历史纺织品进行鉴定。本文还介绍了紫紫昆虫分类学的最新概况，强调了紫紫昆虫的地理多样性，并提出了今后的研究方向。通过历史、科学和艺术的交叉来源，讨论提供了对紫胶染料的复杂性及其在世界各地染色传统中的使用的新见解。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of the imperial architectural ornament papers in the Yanqu Building, the Forbidden City 紫禁城雁曲楼皇家建筑装饰的表征论文

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.08.001

Yazhen Huang , Shuxuan Shi , Lifang Ji , Yingchun Fu , Shuya Wei

Architectural pasting ornament, as a quintessential traditional Chinese interior finishing technique utilizing paper and textile materials, was particularly prominent in imperial constructions during the Ming-Qing transitional period. The exquisitely preserved ornament papers were found in the Yanqu Building (1772 CE) within the Qianlong Garden complex of the Forbidden City. A multidisciplinary analytical approach incorporating ultra-depth 3D video microscopy, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and thermally assisted hydrolysis-methylation pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (THM-Py-GC/MS) was systematically employed to investigate materials of the architectural ornament papers including the printed papers, pigments, and adhesives. The findings reveal that the multi-layer papers comprised mulberry bark papers and bamboo papers; pigment analysis identified copper resinate in passionflower floral scroll and coiled dragon motifs, lead white in swastika motifs, and muscovite as ground layer; adhesives characterization demonstrated the use of animal glue and pine resin in paint, with starch for paper laminations. The ornament papers had been renovated at least twice. Significantly, the first scientific identification of copper resinate - a translucent green glaze pigment - in the architectural decorations of the Forbidden City, provides new material evidence for understanding the technical evolution of Qing imperial decorative practices.

建筑糊饰作为一种典型的中国传统室内装饰技术，利用纸张和纺织材料，在明清过渡时期的皇家建筑中尤为突出。保存精美的装饰纸是在紫禁城乾隆花园建筑群内的衍渠楼（公元1772年）中发现的。采用超深度3D视频显微镜、偏振光显微镜（PLM）、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散x射线光谱（SEM-EDS）、拉曼光谱、热辅助水解-甲基化热解气相色谱/质谱（THM-Py-GC/MS）等多学科分析方法，系统地研究了建筑装饰纸的材料，包括印刷纸、颜料和粘合剂。结果表明：多层纸主要由桑皮纸和竹纸组成；颜料分析发现，西番莲花卷和盘龙图案中含有铜树脂，卐字图案中含有铅白，而莫斯科云母为底层；胶粘剂的特性证明了在油漆中使用动物胶和松脂，在纸张层压中使用淀粉。装饰纸至少被翻新过两次。具有重要意义的是，在紫禁城的建筑装饰中首次科学地发现了铜树脂——一种半透明的绿色釉颜料——为了解清朝皇家装饰实践的技术演变提供了新的材料证据。

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引用次数: 0

Traces of additive manufacturing in early iron age anthropomorphic pendants 早期铁器时代拟人吊坠的增材制造痕迹

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.025

Andrea Smeriglio , Raffaele Filosa , Riccardo Cristoforo Barberi , Armando Taliano Grasso , Federica Caputo , Raffaele Giuseppe Agostino , Vincenzo Formoso

Bronze pendants depicting anthropomorphic couples, dating back to the 8th century BC, were found in several protohistoric sites in Calabria. The historical and cultural context of the archaeological finds is linked to the Oenotrians, a population that settled in Southern Italy before Greek colonization. We present the results of the investigation on two bronze pendants dating back to the early Iron Age belonging to two different classes, namely “Type A” and “Type B”. By unveiling their manufacturing technology, we aim to inquire about the origins of these artifacts, their uses, and the relative historical period. To achieve our goals, we utilized two non-destructive techniques: X-ray microtomography (X-ray µCT) for 3D visualization of internal structures, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) for the chemical composition analysis of the bronze objects. Notable differences emerge between the two artifacts; “Type A” displays well-defined anatomical details that are absent in “Type B”. Furthermore, 3-D reconstructions reveal additional information on production techniques and alteration effects, such as fractures and voids. Evidence suggests that both pendants were cast in molds, but “Type A” underwent additional modeling, resulting in detailed anatomical features, a functional necklet hole, and added elements like knees and arms. In contrast, “Type B” displays smooth forms with minimal post-casting processing. SEM-EDX analysis revealed notable differences in composition: “Type A” contains a higher proportion of copper and lower tin content. In contrast, “Type B” has significantly more tin and less copper, with similar lead content.

在卡拉布里亚的几个史前遗址中发现了描绘拟人夫妻的青铜吊坠，其历史可以追溯到公元前8世纪。考古发现的历史和文化背景与奥诺特里亚人有关，这是一个在希腊殖民之前定居在意大利南部的人口。我们介绍了两个可追溯到铁器时代早期的青铜吊坠的调查结果，属于两个不同的类别，即“A型”和“B型”。通过揭示它们的制造技术，我们旨在探究这些文物的起源，它们的用途和相关的历史时期。为了实现我们的目标，我们使用了两种非破坏性技术：用于内部结构3D可视化的x射线微断层扫描（x射线微CT）和用于青铜器化学成分分析的带有能量色散x射线分析的扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDX）。两种人工制品之间出现了显著的差异；“A型”表现出“B型”所没有的明确的解剖细节。此外，3-D重建还揭示了有关生产技术和改造效果（如裂缝和空隙）的额外信息。有证据表明，这两个吊坠都是在模具中铸造的，但“A型”经过了额外的建模，形成了详细的解剖特征，一个功能性的项链孔，并增加了膝盖和手臂等元素。相比之下，“B型”以最小的后期铸造处理显示光滑的形式。SEM-EDX分析揭示了成分的显著差异：“A型”含铜比例较高，锡含量较低。相比之下，“B型”含有更多的锡和更少的铜，铅含量相似。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting pigments of cave paintings hidden beneath calcite layers: The potential of magnetic susceptibility and visible-to-infrared (400-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy 探测隐藏在方解石层下的洞穴壁画颜料：磁化率和可见-红外（400-2500 nm）反射光谱的潜力

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.024

Morgane Jal , Christophe Durlet , Fabrice Monna , Chloé Morales , Franck Smektala , Carmela Chateau-Smith

Detecting cave paintings, protected but hidden beneath calcite layers, is an important step in completing the inventory of prehistoric art, yet it poses significant challenges. The mechanical removal of calcite is often invasive; image enhancement is often of limited effectiveness. This study investigates two non-invasive, complementary approaches to detect these hidden paintings: magnetic susceptibility and visible-to-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (400 to 2500 nm).

Reflectance measurements give detailed insights into pigment composition, while magnetic susceptibility measures the magnetic properties of materials and is particularly effective in detecting iron-based pigments such as hematite and goethite. The two methods were first tested in the laboratory on a limestone slab painted with various pigments and covered with calcite speleothem masks of varying thickness. This setup was a proxy for prehistoric cave paintings covered by opaque calcite speleothems. Both reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility were used to assess pigment detectability. Results showed that magnetic susceptibility could detect iron-based pigments beneath thin calcite layers (up to 7 mm in laboratory conditions), while reflectance spectroscopy analysis identified the spectral differences between all the materials tested, although the signal decreased with speleothem thickness.

These findings were then validated in field tests at the Grande Grotte (Arcy-sur-Cure, France) where three prehistoric red ochre paintings covered by calcite were analysed. Both techniques were suitable for non-invasive detection: magnetic susceptibility was more effective for iron-based pigments, while reflectance spectroscopy provided broader mineralogical information.

While these methods are not yet fully operational for field use, this preliminary study shows that it should be possible to use both magnetic susceptibility and reflectance spectroscopy probes to detect and delineate paintings hidden (and protected) beneath opaque calcite layers.

探测隐藏在方解石层下的洞穴壁画，是完成史前艺术清单的重要一步，但它也带来了重大挑战。方解石的机械去除通常是侵入性的；图像增强的效果往往有限。本研究探讨了两种非侵入性、互补的方法来检测这些隐藏的画作：磁化率和可见红外反射光谱（400至2500 nm）。反射率测量可以详细了解颜料成分，而磁化率测量材料的磁性，在检测赤铁矿和针铁矿等铁基颜料方面特别有效。这两种方法首先在实验室中在涂有各种颜料的石灰石板上进行了测试，并覆盖了不同厚度的方解石洞穴面具。这个装置是史前洞穴壁画的代表，上面覆盖着不透明的方解石洞穴壁画。利用反射光谱法和磁化率法评价色素的可检出性。结果表明，磁化率可以检测到薄方解石层下的铁基颜料（在实验室条件下可达7毫米），而反射光谱分析发现了所有被测材料之间的光谱差异，尽管信号随着洞穴厚度的增加而降低。这些发现随后在Grande Grotte （Arcy-sur-Cure，法国）的现场测试中得到了验证，在那里对三幅覆盖着方解石的史前红赭石画进行了分析。这两种技术都适用于非侵入性检测：磁化率对铁基颜料更有效，而反射光谱提供更广泛的矿物学信息。虽然这些方法还不能完全应用于现场，但这项初步研究表明，利用磁化率和反射光谱探针来探测和描绘隐藏（和保护）在不透明方解石层下的绘画是可能的。

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引用次数: 0

Pseudoboleite as an alteration product of azurite in the painted stone of the mullioned windows of the Bargello Palace (Florence) 巴格罗宫（佛罗伦萨）竖棂窗彩绘石中蓝铜矿的改造产物

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.023

Maria Letizia Amadori , Gianluca Poldi , Parviz Holakooei , Fabiano Ferrucci , Giuseppe Cruciani , Alessia Andreotti , Mara Camaiti , Valeria Mengacci

During the recent restoration of the Bargello courtyard and façades (13th-14th century), initiated in 2020, traces of painted polychrome decoration were identified on Pietraforte intrados and extrados of the mullioned windows. On the stone intrados, blackish lozenge-shaped impressions –likely remnants of a metallic leaf– were against a pale blue background. To investigate the original materials and painting technique, a combination of non-invasive in situ methods (digital microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and reflectance spectrometry) and micro-invasive analyses (optical microscope, micro-Raman, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, GC–MS, PY-GC–MS) was applied. The integrated analyses of the blue decorations revealed the presence of azurite, pseudoboleite and rare particles of lead white, along with Cu-oxalates and Ca-oxalates. The occurrence of pseudoboleite, a rare greenish mineral, suggests it formed as a result of alteration processes involving azurite and lead white, potentially triggered by chlorine-based cleaning treatments. Rare Hg-S-based particles, likely associated with vermilion, were identified in the extrados. Additionally, trace amounts of egg and a non-drying fat were detected.

在最近于2020年开始的巴尔杰罗庭院和faradades（13 -14世纪）修复期间，在Pietraforte intrados和extrados的棂窗上发现了彩色装饰的痕迹。在石头上，黑色的菱形印痕——可能是金属叶子的残余物——映衬着淡蓝色的背景。为了研究原始材料和绘画技术，采用非侵入式原位方法（数字显微镜、能量色散x射线荧光光谱和反射光谱）和微创分析（光学显微镜、微拉曼、SEM-EDS、XRD、FT-IR、GC-MS、PY-GC-MS）相结合的方法。对这些蓝色装饰物的综合分析显示，其中存在蓝铜矿、假闪铜矿和罕见的白铅颗粒，以及草酸铜和草酸钙。假闪辉石是一种罕见的绿色矿物，它的出现表明它是蓝铜矿和白铅的蚀变过程的结果，可能是由氯基清洁处理引发的。稀有的汞基颗粒，很可能与朱砂有关，在外皮中被发现。此外，还检测到微量的鸡蛋和一种不干燥的脂肪。

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引用次数: 0

DEArt: Building and evaluating a dataset for object detection and pose classification for European art DEArt：建立和评估欧洲艺术对象检测和姿态分类的数据集

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.07.022

Artem Reshetnikov , Maria-Cristina Marinescu , Joaquim More Lopez , Sergio Mendoza , Nuno Freire , Monica Marrero , Eleftheria Tsoupra , Antoine Isaac

Annotation of cultural heritage artefacts allows finding and exploration of items relevant to user needs, supports functionality such as question answering or scene understanding, and in general facilitates the exposure of the society to our history and heritage. But most artefacts lack a description of their visual content due to the assumption that one sees the object; this often means that the annotations effort focuses on the historical and artistic context, information about the painter, or details about the execution and medium.

Without a significant body of visual content annotation, machines cannot integrate all this data to allow further analysis, query and inference, and cultural institutions cannot offer advanced functionality to their users and visitors. Given how time-consuming manual annotation is, and to enable the development of new technology and applications for cultural heritage, we have provided through DEArt the most extensive art dataset for object detection and pose classification to date. The current paper extends this work in several ways: (1) we introduce an approach for generating refined object and relationship labels without the need for manual annotations, (2) we compare the performance of our models with the most relevant state-of-the-art in both computer vision and cultural heritage, (3) we evaluate the annotations generated by our object detection model from a user viewpoint, for both correctness and relevance, and (4) we briefly discuss the fairness of our dataset.

文化遗产文物的注释允许发现和探索与用户需求相关的物品，支持诸如问答或场景理解之类的功能，并且总体上促进了社会对我们的历史和遗产的暴露。但大多数人工制品缺乏对其视觉内容的描述，因为人们假设自己看到了物品；这通常意味着注释工作侧重于历史和艺术背景，关于画家的信息，或关于执行和媒介的细节。如果没有大量的视觉内容注释，机器就无法整合所有这些数据以进行进一步的分析、查询和推理，文化机构也无法为用户和访客提供高级功能。考虑到手工标注是多么耗时，并且为了促进文化遗产新技术和应用的发展，我们通过DEArt提供了迄今为止最广泛的用于物体检测和姿态分类的艺术数据集。目前的论文从几个方面扩展了这项工作：(1)我们引入了一种方法来生成精炼的对象和关系标签，而不需要手动注释；(2)我们将我们的模型的性能与计算机视觉和文化遗产中最相关的最新技术进行比较；(3)我们从用户的角度评估我们的对象检测模型生成的注释的正确性和相关性；(4)我们简要讨论了我们数据集的公平性。

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