Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.007
Giovanna Marussi , Elena Pavoni , Matteo Crosera , Andrea Gariboldi , Giada Verk , Gianpiero Adami
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis is widely employed in the field of cultural heritage due to its non-destructive nature. µ-EDXRF was used to study 29 Sasanian drachmas from a private collection at the Department of Humanities, University of Trieste. The coins were issued between 499 and 628 AD, during the reigns of four Sasanian kings (Kawad I, Khosrow I, Hormizd IV, and Khosrow II). This study aimed to determine the elemental composition of the alloy's surface, assess the coins’ fineness, and identify potential forgeries or signs of devaluation. Eight XRF spectra were acquired for each sample, revealing a primary composition of Ag, with traces of Cu, Au, and Pb. Semi-quantitative analysis showed Ag content exceeding 95% in nearly all coins, with two suspected forgeries identified (coin no. 13 minted during the reign of Hormizd IV and coin no. 18 from the reign of Khosrow II). Five drachmas from Khosrow II's reign, marked with the inscription “afid”, exhibited Ag content above 99 %, supporting the historical hypothesis of superior quality compared to other drachmas from the same period. Finally, the %Au and the presence of Pb provided further indications on the origin of Ag, allowing hypotheses on the mineral sources.
{"title":"Archaeometric investigations of Sasanian silver drachmas (6th-7th century AD) using X-ray fluorescence analysis","authors":"Giovanna Marussi , Elena Pavoni , Matteo Crosera , Andrea Gariboldi , Giada Verk , Gianpiero Adami","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis is widely employed in the field of cultural heritage due to its non-destructive nature. µ-EDXRF was used to study 29 Sasanian drachmas from a private collection at the Department of Humanities, University of Trieste. The coins were issued between 499 and 628 AD, during the reigns of four Sasanian kings (Kawad I, Khosrow I, Hormizd IV, and Khosrow II). This study aimed to determine the elemental composition of the alloy's surface, assess the coins’ fineness, and identify potential forgeries or signs of devaluation. Eight XRF spectra were acquired for each sample, revealing a primary composition of Ag, with traces of Cu, Au, and Pb. Semi-quantitative analysis showed Ag content exceeding 95% in nearly all coins, with two suspected forgeries identified (coin no. 13 minted during the reign of Hormizd IV and coin no. 18 from the reign of Khosrow II). Five drachmas from Khosrow II's reign, marked with the inscription “afid”, exhibited Ag content above 99 %, supporting the historical hypothesis of superior quality compared to other drachmas from the same period. Finally, the %Au and the presence of Pb provided further indications on the origin of Ag, allowing hypotheses on the mineral sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 381-387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ancient stone arch bridge holds significant historical, artistic, and scientific value as a vital cultural heritage. To preventively preserve this cultural heritage, a comprehensive approach involving universal structural health monitoring (SHM) and corresponding safety evaluation methods for ancient stone arch bridges is developed. The initial steps involve the design and arrangement of a monitoring system based on damage records and numerical analysis. Subsequently, an evaluation method utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is developed with a focus on optimizing weight assignments through an element importance analysis, enabling the calculation of a hierarchical structural safety score from monitoring data to the entire structure to make decisions on structural safety status. An SHM system along with the relevant evaluation framework is field implemented on Lugou bridge as a case study of application. A 15-month monitoring is quantified as a real-time score and reveals that the structure of Lugou Bridge is relatively safe, but structural degradation due to temperature requires special attention. The results show that this framework can be effectively employed as a decision-support tool to inform the real-time structural safety status of various stone arch bridges. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of SHM by providing a decision-making framework for the monitoring and evaluation of ancient stone arch bridges.
{"title":"Structural health monitoring and quantitative safety evaluation methods for ancient stone arch bridges","authors":"Yukun Ma, Qing Chun, Chengwen Zhang, Qi Chen, Bei Peng, Boxu Lin, Quanjun Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ancient stone arch bridge holds significant historical, artistic, and scientific value as a vital cultural heritage. To preventively preserve this cultural heritage, a comprehensive approach involving universal structural health monitoring (SHM) and corresponding safety evaluation methods for ancient stone arch bridges is developed. The initial steps involve the design and arrangement of a monitoring system based on damage records and numerical analysis. Subsequently, an evaluation method utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is developed with a focus on optimizing weight assignments through an element importance analysis, enabling the calculation of a hierarchical structural safety score from monitoring data to the entire structure to make decisions on structural safety status. An SHM system along with the relevant evaluation framework is field implemented on Lugou bridge as a case study of application. A 15-month monitoring is quantified as a real-time score and reveals that the structure of Lugou Bridge is relatively safe, but structural degradation due to temperature requires special attention. The results show that this framework can be effectively employed as a decision-support tool to inform the real-time structural safety status of various stone arch bridges. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of SHM by providing a decision-making framework for the monitoring and evaluation of ancient stone arch bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 366-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.013
Diego Rivera , Javier Valera , Pedro Jiménez , José María Moreno , José Luis Simón , Victoria Amorós-Ruiz , Sonia Gutiérrez , Lorenzo Abad , Blanca Gamo , Pablo Cánovas , JoaquinA. Ortuño , Juan Gil , José Rodriguez , Maria-Teresa Coronado-Parra , Concepción Obón
The medieval organic materials recovered from Visigothic strata (8th century CE) at El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete, Spain) and from 11th century CE strata at La Graja (Higueruela, Albacete, Spain) were initially identified as incense remains used in religious ceremonies. Utilizing SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and GC–MS techniques, we have refined our understanding of these samples. The El Tolmo materials contain aromatic compounds from various botanical sources, especially conifer resins, indicating a local origin. In contrast, the La Graja samples, dating from the Muslim period, show a predominance of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, differing significantly from the El Tolmo findings. The El Tolmo remains, which still emit an incense and smoke aroma, represent a local formulation of ritual incense using nearby botanical species. Conversely, the La Graja remains appear to have undergone intense pyrolysis. The presence of iron on the surface of these samples suggests they may have been in contact with iron, either in containers made of this material or in wooden-handled iron tools as plant-based adhesives.
从 El Tolmo de Minateda（西班牙阿尔瓦塞特，Hellín）的西哥特地层（公元 8 世纪）和 La Graja（西班牙阿尔瓦塞特，Higueruela）的公元 11 世纪地层中发现的中世纪有机材料最初被认定为宗教仪式中使用的熏香残骸。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、电离辐射光谱（EDS）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术，我们完善了对这些样品的了解。El Tolmo 样品含有来自各种植物的芳香化合物，尤其是针叶树树脂，这表明其来源于当地。与此相反，穆斯林时期的拉格拉哈样本则主要含有苯甲醛和苯甲醇，与埃尔托尔莫的发现大相径庭。El Tolmo 遗址仍然散发着香气和烟雾，代表了当地利用附近植物物种配制的祭祀香。相反，La Graja 遗址似乎经历了剧烈的高温分解。这些样本表面的铁元素表明，它们可能曾与铁接触过，要么是在铁制容器中，要么是在木柄铁制工具中作为植物粘合剂。
{"title":"Analysis of medieval organic remains: Incense in SE Spain","authors":"Diego Rivera , Javier Valera , Pedro Jiménez , José María Moreno , José Luis Simón , Victoria Amorós-Ruiz , Sonia Gutiérrez , Lorenzo Abad , Blanca Gamo , Pablo Cánovas , JoaquinA. Ortuño , Juan Gil , José Rodriguez , Maria-Teresa Coronado-Parra , Concepción Obón","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The medieval organic materials recovered from Visigothic strata (8th century CE) at El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete, Spain) and from 11th century CE strata at La Graja (Higueruela, Albacete, Spain) were initially identified as incense remains used in religious ceremonies. Utilizing SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and GC–MS techniques, we have refined our understanding of these samples. The El Tolmo materials contain aromatic compounds from various botanical sources, especially conifer resins, indicating a local origin. In contrast, the La Graja samples, dating from the Muslim period, show a predominance of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, differing significantly from the El Tolmo findings. The El Tolmo remains, which still emit an incense and smoke aroma, represent a local formulation of ritual incense using nearby botanical species. Conversely, the La Graja remains appear to have undergone intense pyrolysis. The presence of iron on the surface of these samples suggests they may have been in contact with iron, either in containers made of this material or in wooden-handled iron tools as plant-based adhesives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 422-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2074(24)00239-5
{"title":"ours Elsevier","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2074(24)00239-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2074(24)00239-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Page iv"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.014
Yingxin Zhang, Deniz Ikiz Kaya, Pieter van Wesemael
Digitalization offers opportunities for youth to engage in a wide range of digital-mediated civic activities, thereby fostering their digital citizenship. While embracing the potential of digital technologies, it is crucial to have a realistic understanding of the practical, ethical, and cultural considerations for implementing youth discourse in cultural heritage management and empowering youth initiatives in decision-making. Little research has focused on assessing youth digital participation in cultural heritage management for its impacts on fostering inclusivity, enhancing the levels of youth engagement, gauging the potential of digitalization, and facilitating youth initiatives. This paper fills the gap by developing an assessment framework for youth digital participation, comprising four criteria and thirty-five indicators. These indicators were validated through expert consultation and multivariate analysis and categorized into four groups based on their levels of priority. The framework provides detailed guidelines for applying these indicators across different phases of participation—envisioning, monitoring, and evaluating. Additionally, four recommendations derived from the framework provide suggestions on critical aspects of youth digital participation and guidelines to foster the impact of youth engagement in future participatory practices in cultural heritage management.
{"title":"An assessment framework for digital participatory practices engaging youth in cultural heritage management","authors":"Yingxin Zhang, Deniz Ikiz Kaya, Pieter van Wesemael","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digitalization offers opportunities for youth to engage in a wide range of digital-mediated civic activities, thereby fostering their digital citizenship. While embracing the potential of digital technologies, it is crucial to have a realistic understanding of the practical, ethical, and cultural considerations for implementing youth discourse in cultural heritage management and empowering youth initiatives in decision-making. Little research has focused on assessing youth digital participation in cultural heritage management for its impacts on fostering inclusivity, enhancing the levels of youth engagement, gauging the potential of digitalization, and facilitating youth initiatives. This paper fills the gap by developing an assessment framework for youth digital participation, comprising four criteria and thirty-five indicators. These indicators were validated through expert consultation and multivariate analysis and categorized into four groups based on their levels of priority. The framework provides detailed guidelines for applying these indicators across different phases of participation—envisioning, monitoring, and evaluating. Additionally, four recommendations derived from the framework provide suggestions on critical aspects of youth digital participation and guidelines to foster the impact of youth engagement in future participatory practices in cultural heritage management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 408-421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent contributions addressing the assessment and protection of historic timber structures—VSI Foreword","authors":"Xavier Romão , Biao Zhou , Hideki Yoshioka , Enrico Garbin","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 364-365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.005
Isabeau Vandemeulebroucke , Bruno Vanderschelden , Kaat Janssens , Steven Caluwaerts , Nathan Van Den Bossche
<div><div>The durability of historical building envelopes is affected by changing climate conditions. The impact of climate change on degradation phenomena can be assessed by means of hygrothermal simulations. Often, studies only use a single climate projection, and thus only consider a single evolution of the climate system. However, an ensemble of multiple climate projections is necessary to assess the uncertainty of the results. This paper presents an overview of three types of uncertainties in climate projections (i.e. uncertainty due to the greenhouse gas emission scenario, climate variability, and the climate model itself), and their influence on the degradation of building envelopes. In total, the study includes the results of 16,088 1-dimensional hygrothermal simulations of solid masonry walls, prior to and after the application of a thermal retrofit, in Delphin 5 and 6. Firstly, scenario uncertainty is studied for 3 emission scenarios (one climate model) in Brussels (Belgium). The ensemble members agree on the change in freeze-thaw damage. The spread of the percentage of cases, i.e. combinations of building and exposure parameters, with an increasing freeze-thaw risk is 6%. Though, the change in wood decay is uncertain with a spread of 51%. Secondly, climate variability may cause a large uncertainty in freeze-thaw damage. In Ottawa (Canada), the spread between ensemble members (i.e. 15 realisations of one model) of the change in freeze-thaw damage goes up to 100% for individual cases. Thirdly, model uncertainty is assessed in Hamburg (Germany). Towards the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century, the spread in percentage of cases is ca. 20% for increasing freeze-thaw damage, mould growth, and wood decay. When evaluating the change for global warming level +1.5°C, +2°C, and +3°C together, the spread increases. The risk for freeze-thaw damage in the masonry increases (decreases) in 0–52 % (8-77%) of the simulated cases. For mould growth on the interior surface of uninsulated walls, the risk increases (decreases) in 0-19% (0-10%) of the cases. Wood decay of embedded beam heads is projected to increase (decrease) in 14-42% (0-18%) of the cases. Furthermore, this paper presents three approaches on how to assess the impact of climate change on historical buildings. The generic response-based degradation atlas answers the question ‘<em>How does climate change impact the degradation risks in the overall collection of historical buildings?’.</em> Secondly<em>,</em> case-specific decision trees are used to assess which cases are most at risk, and to identify how climate change and parameter variations affect degradation risks. Finally, the in-depth Superior Advanced Minimum Requirement Approach (SAMiRA) is employed when an even more exhaustive assessment of the risk for degradation in building envelopes is required, e.g. qualification of renovation strategies. This offers a step-by-step framework that stewards the selection of simulation parameters. Th
{"title":"The impact of climate change on degradation in historical building envelopes: Progress in research using hygrothermal models","authors":"Isabeau Vandemeulebroucke , Bruno Vanderschelden , Kaat Janssens , Steven Caluwaerts , Nathan Van Den Bossche","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The durability of historical building envelopes is affected by changing climate conditions. The impact of climate change on degradation phenomena can be assessed by means of hygrothermal simulations. Often, studies only use a single climate projection, and thus only consider a single evolution of the climate system. However, an ensemble of multiple climate projections is necessary to assess the uncertainty of the results. This paper presents an overview of three types of uncertainties in climate projections (i.e. uncertainty due to the greenhouse gas emission scenario, climate variability, and the climate model itself), and their influence on the degradation of building envelopes. In total, the study includes the results of 16,088 1-dimensional hygrothermal simulations of solid masonry walls, prior to and after the application of a thermal retrofit, in Delphin 5 and 6. Firstly, scenario uncertainty is studied for 3 emission scenarios (one climate model) in Brussels (Belgium). The ensemble members agree on the change in freeze-thaw damage. The spread of the percentage of cases, i.e. combinations of building and exposure parameters, with an increasing freeze-thaw risk is 6%. Though, the change in wood decay is uncertain with a spread of 51%. Secondly, climate variability may cause a large uncertainty in freeze-thaw damage. In Ottawa (Canada), the spread between ensemble members (i.e. 15 realisations of one model) of the change in freeze-thaw damage goes up to 100% for individual cases. Thirdly, model uncertainty is assessed in Hamburg (Germany). Towards the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century, the spread in percentage of cases is ca. 20% for increasing freeze-thaw damage, mould growth, and wood decay. When evaluating the change for global warming level +1.5°C, +2°C, and +3°C together, the spread increases. The risk for freeze-thaw damage in the masonry increases (decreases) in 0–52 % (8-77%) of the simulated cases. For mould growth on the interior surface of uninsulated walls, the risk increases (decreases) in 0-19% (0-10%) of the cases. Wood decay of embedded beam heads is projected to increase (decrease) in 14-42% (0-18%) of the cases. Furthermore, this paper presents three approaches on how to assess the impact of climate change on historical buildings. The generic response-based degradation atlas answers the question ‘<em>How does climate change impact the degradation risks in the overall collection of historical buildings?’.</em> Secondly<em>,</em> case-specific decision trees are used to assess which cases are most at risk, and to identify how climate change and parameter variations affect degradation risks. Finally, the in-depth Superior Advanced Minimum Requirement Approach (SAMiRA) is employed when an even more exhaustive assessment of the risk for degradation in building envelopes is required, e.g. qualification of renovation strategies. This offers a step-by-step framework that stewards the selection of simulation parameters. Th","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 345-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.009
B. D'Orsi , R. Carcione , I. Di Sarcina , G. Ferrara , M. Oliviero , T. Rinaldi , J. Scifo , A. Verna , A. Cemmi
Ionizing radiations, commonly applied as diagnostic tools in Cultural Heritage (CH) field, are also proving effective for eliminating biodeteriogens (insects, fungi, bacteria and molds) responsible for the degradation of CH artifacts and often harmful for restorers, archivists and librarians. The use of ionizing radiations, such as gamma rays, for CH treatments is spreading in many countries. However, some CH operators remain resistant due to insufficient knowledge about the potential physico-chemical modifications (secondary effects) induced by radiation. This work aims to investigate and compare the effects of irradiation parameters (such as absorbed dose and dose rate) on old paper samples and new pure-cellulose paper, chosen as a reference model material. Absorbed doses up to 8 kGy have been used, as these values are commonly agreed upon for the preservation treatment of CH artifacts and are generally effective for biodeteriogens removal. Optimizing irradiation conditions helps to minimize secondary effects (such as oxidation, depolymerization or color changes), thereby increasing the reliability of the process and boosting confidence among CH operators. The secondary effects were analyzed using various physico-chemical characterizations (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, viscosimetric and colorimetric analysis) on old and new paper samples. The results indicate varying behaviors, correlated with paper composition, sample age and irradiation parameters, towards gamma radiation. This groundbreaking study not only confirms the efficacy of gamma irradiation treatments but also provides essential data that will aid in the development of optimized best practice protocols and guidelines for non-destructive and minimally destructive methods applied to real case studies and treatments.
{"title":"Gamma irradiation for Cultural Heritage conservation: Comparison of the side effects on new and old paper","authors":"B. D'Orsi , R. Carcione , I. Di Sarcina , G. Ferrara , M. Oliviero , T. Rinaldi , J. Scifo , A. Verna , A. Cemmi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionizing radiations, commonly applied as diagnostic tools in Cultural Heritage (CH) field, are also proving effective for eliminating biodeteriogens (insects, fungi, bacteria and molds) responsible for the degradation of CH artifacts and often harmful for restorers, archivists and librarians. The use of ionizing radiations, such as gamma rays, for CH treatments is spreading in many countries. However, some CH operators remain resistant due to insufficient knowledge about the potential physico-chemical modifications (secondary effects) induced by radiation. This work aims to investigate and compare the effects of irradiation parameters (such as absorbed dose and dose rate) on old paper samples and new pure-cellulose paper, chosen as a reference model material. Absorbed doses up to 8 kGy have been used, as these values are commonly agreed upon for the preservation treatment of CH artifacts and are generally effective for biodeteriogen<del>s</del> removal. Optimizing irradiation conditions helps to minimize secondary effects (such as oxidation, depolymerization or color changes), thereby increasing the reliability of the process and boosting confidence among CH operators. The secondary effects were analyzed using various physico-chemical characterizations (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, viscosimetric and colorimetric analysis) on old and new paper samples. The results indicate varying behaviors, correlated with paper composition, sample age and irradiation parameters, towards gamma radiation. This groundbreaking study not only confirms the efficacy of gamma irradiation treatments but also provides essential data that will aid in the development of optimized best practice protocols and guidelines for non-destructive and minimally destructive methods applied to real case studies and treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.004
Han Bao , Hongtao Lv , Hengxing Lan , Changqing Liu , Li Li , Weichang Chen , Jianhui Liu , Shijie Liu
The deterioration evaluation of grotto rock mass is an important foundation for its protection and reinforcement. In this study, the thermal effusivity and crack parameters of rock mass were obtained using infrared thermography (IRT), and a set of index system for the deterioration evaluation of rock mass was established. Based on the comprehensive weighting method and improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the evaluation method of grotto rock mass deterioration based on infrared thermography (EGD-IRT) was constructed. This method quantifies and classifies the deterioration level of rock mass using the deterioration index, which was validated and applied. The results indicate that the deterioration index of grotto rock mass can comprehensively reflect the damage to the internal structure and loss of external material of rock mass, and it is consistent with the comprehensive evaluation result of P-wave velocity and mass. Powdering, hollowing and cracks are the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity distribution of the deterioration index of grotto rock mass. Among them, the cracks generally control the deterioration zoning of rock mass, with a negative correlation existing between the bulk density of cracks and the average deterioration index in different regions. The EGD-IRT can comprehensively analyze the deterioration status of rock mass from both the overall and local levels, thus determining the deterioration grade and unstable parts of grotto rock mass. The results of this study provide valuable guidance for the conservation of grotto temples.
石窟岩体的劣化评价是其保护和加固的重要基础。本研究利用红外热成像技术（IRT）获得了岩体的热辐射率和裂隙参数，并建立了一套岩体劣化评价指标体系。基于综合加权法和改进的理想解相似性排序优先技术（TOPSIS），构建了基于红外热成像技术的石窟岩体劣化评价方法（EGD-IRT）。该方法利用劣化指数对岩体劣化程度进行量化和分类，并进行了验证和应用。结果表明，石窟岩体的劣化指数能全面反映岩体内部结构的破坏和外部物质的损失，与 P 波速度和质量的综合评价结果一致。粉化、空洞和裂隙是造成石窟岩体劣化指数空间异质性分布的主要原因。其中，裂隙一般控制着岩体的劣化分区，裂隙的堆积密度与不同区域的平均劣化指数呈负相关。EGD-IRT 可以从整体和局部两个层面综合分析岩体的劣化状况，从而确定石窟岩体的劣化等级和不稳定部位。研究结果为保护石窟寺提供了宝贵的指导。
{"title":"Evaluation method of grotto rock mass deterioration based on infrared thermography","authors":"Han Bao , Hongtao Lv , Hengxing Lan , Changqing Liu , Li Li , Weichang Chen , Jianhui Liu , Shijie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deterioration evaluation of grotto rock mass is an important foundation for its protection and reinforcement. In this study, the thermal effusivity and crack parameters of rock mass were obtained using infrared thermography (IRT), and a set of index system for the deterioration evaluation of rock mass was established. Based on the comprehensive weighting method and improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the evaluation method of grotto rock mass deterioration based on infrared thermography (EGD-IRT) was constructed. This method quantifies and classifies the deterioration level of rock mass using the deterioration index, which was validated and applied. The results indicate that the deterioration index of grotto rock mass can comprehensively reflect the damage to the internal structure and loss of external material of rock mass, and it is consistent with the comprehensive evaluation result of P-wave velocity and mass. Powdering, hollowing and cracks are the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity distribution of the deterioration index of grotto rock mass. Among them, the cracks generally control the deterioration zoning of rock mass, with a negative correlation existing between the bulk density of cracks and the average deterioration index in different regions. The EGD-IRT can comprehensively analyze the deterioration status of rock mass from both the overall and local levels, thus determining the deterioration grade and unstable parts of grotto rock mass. The results of this study provide valuable guidance for the conservation of grotto temples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 323-334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.006
Seham Ramadan , Samar A. El-Kholy , Abeer Fouad ElHagrassy
The mural paintings are prone to deterioration due to surface powdering, cracking, and loss of painted layers, so coating the mural paintings with eco-friendly benign materials is urgent for consolidation and restoration purposes. Minimizing particle size to the nanoscale results in better properties compared to their bulk equivalents. This paper discussed the utilization of chitosan (Cs), chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), and silica-loaded chitosan (SiO2@CsNPs) to improve the consolidation of the painting surfaces on the facade of Neb-Maat-Ra's palace gate, which is a monument to King Ramesses IX (1125–1107 BC) in Egypt. Biopolymers are eco-friendly materials and considered an effective alternatives to synthetic coatings in the consolidation of cultural heritage. Cs has the potential to be a substitute for conserving well-painted paintings and stone, the presence of amino groups in chitosan's structure confers high biological activity and reactivity. CsNPs are more attractive compared to bulk chitosan, moreover, the incorporation of silica (SiO2) into CsNPs created good hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and enhanced the mechanical scrub resistance. Digital Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (pXRF), (FTIR ATR), and Colorimetric measurements were used in performing the study. X-ray fluorescence was utilized to determine the compounds used in the facade of Neb-Maat-Ra's palace gate. Limestone served as the support, and hematite was used to create red pigment. The results showed that CsNPs and SiO2@CsNPs were superior to traditional Cs, however, the best result was observed for SiO2@CsNPs. Our study revealed the potential of CsNPs and SiO2@CsNPs in the protection of the facade of Neb-Maat-Ra, the son of King Ramesses.
{"title":"Comparative study on the effect of chitosan, chitosan nanoparticles, and SiO2 loaded chitosan for the consolidation of the painted stone","authors":"Seham Ramadan , Samar A. El-Kholy , Abeer Fouad ElHagrassy","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mural paintings are prone to deterioration due to surface powdering, cracking, and loss of painted layers, so coating the mural paintings with eco-friendly benign materials is urgent for consolidation and restoration purposes. Minimizing particle size to the nanoscale results in better properties compared to their bulk equivalents. This paper discussed the utilization of chitosan (Cs), chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), and silica-loaded chitosan (SiO<sub>2</sub>@CsNPs) to improve the consolidation of the painting surfaces on the facade of Neb-Maat-Ra's palace gate, which is a monument to King Ramesses IX (1125–1107 BC) in Egypt. Biopolymers are eco-friendly materials and considered an effective alternatives to synthetic coatings in the consolidation of cultural heritage. Cs has the potential to be a substitute for conserving well-painted paintings and stone, the presence of amino groups in chitosan's structure confers high biological activity and reactivity. CsNPs are more attractive compared to bulk chitosan, moreover, the incorporation of silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) into CsNPs created good hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and enhanced the mechanical scrub resistance. Digital Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (pXRF), (FTIR ATR), and Colorimetric measurements were used in performing the study. X-ray fluorescence was utilized to determine the compounds used in the facade of Neb-Maat-Ra's palace gate. Limestone served as the support, and hematite was used to create red pigment. The results showed that CsNPs and SiO<sub>2</sub>@CsNPs were superior to traditional Cs, however, the best result was observed for SiO<sub>2</sub>@CsNPs. Our study revealed the potential of CsNPs and SiO<sub>2</sub>@CsNPs in the protection of the facade of Neb-Maat-Ra, the son of King Ramesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 312-322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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