Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Land use and land cover analysis of cultural World Heritage to inform assessment of climate vulnerability","authors":"W.P. Megarry ,&nbsp;T. Venkatachalam ,&nbsp;J.C. Day ,&nbsp;S. Jain ,&nbsp;S.F. Heron","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The UNESCO World Heritage (WH) List contains cultural and natural properties deemed to be of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) to all humanity. Property boundaries should encompass all elements that contribute to the OUV of the property and be sufficient to protect the OUV from any natural or anthropogenic threats. Climate change-related hazards are impacting WH properties at multiple scales. In many cases, especially for slow onset hazards, existing boundaries are not sufficient to monitor and respond to change. In these cases, it can help to explore the wider landscape context. This paper considers the utility of standardised remote sensing land use and land cover (LULC) data to understand the high-level environmental classifications within and surrounding cultural and mixed WH properties. Of 11 LULC classes within the analysed dataset, 10 were present in at least one of the 49 properties in the Indian Subcontinent recognised for their cultural heritage, with the most common being Tree cover (≥5% of the area of 40 properties and/or their surrounds). Protection of cultural properties from climate-based impacts can benefit from LULC analysis by responding to known climate-related risks (e.g., flood, wildfire, etc.) on specific land cover classes. These risk profiles can be useful decision support tools for climate adaptation. The analysis is demonstrated for four case studies at three locations, using properties with a range of sizes and values. For example, trees in the broader landscape within and around Khangchendzonga National Park may encounter future impacts from temperature change (resulting in shifting biomes and changing phenology), precipitation changes (resulting in changes in rainfall and drought) and wind changes (resulting in storm damage). Each of those climate drivers increase the risk of wildfires. Additionally, LULC analysis provides valuable information on a property’s environmental context when inscribed boundaries are unknown. This study demonstrates that a systematic and reliable analysis of LULC data can provide a way to consider the broader environmental context of WH properties, complementing property values described in their Statements of OUV. However, the study also acknowledges key limitations to using LULC, including classification accuracy concerns and challenges with validation across diverse site types. Finally, this work complements a parallel thematic approach that categorises values from WH documentation to streamline assessment of climate impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 243-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of PEG-200-based waterlogged archaeological wood-steel composite impregnation bath against corrosion and biocorrosion","authors":"F.E. Belharchaa,&nbsp;M. Ebn Touhami,&nbsp;Y. Baymou","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeological metal objects associated with wood undergo accelerated deterioration by polyethylene glycol during the impregnation process. In this context, this work studies the protective effect of Phenanthroline (Phen) against corrosion and biocorrosion on heritage wood and iron assemblies in a 10 % PEG-200 environment. The evaluation of the Phen molecule was carried out by electrochemical test and by natural aging tests, approaching post-operative conditions. For steel, the results showed a synergy between Phen and PEG-200, for an inhibitory efficiency maintained for high temperatures and over time, the maximum efficiency reaches 99.72 %. For the wood-nail composite, the addition of Phen ensures the protection of the archaeological nail during impregnation without having an effect on the evolution of microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 234-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can natural capping provide long-term protection to earthen heritage in semi-arid regions?","authors":"Xinyu Jiang,&nbsp;Sok Yee Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the impact of climate change, the Ming Great Wall of China is facing accelerated weathering on an unprecedented scale. Based on the principles of the soft capping approach, we propose to use the “natural capping” approach by applying native plants and soil medium that are adaptable to the in situ environments. Following field surveys of the Ming Great Wall in Shanxi Province, four scaled-down earthen walls were fabricated to support the growth of selected native plants on the top surfaces. Long-term monitoring revealed that the earthen walls covered by natural capping, especially native herbs with more biomass, could effectively influence thermal behaviour and moisture movement of the earthen walls, thus providing sustainable preservation effects in semi-arid regions. Compared with bare wall, natural capping reduced the number of freeze-thaw cycles at the top of the wall by 41.2 % in winter, decreased the average rate of temperature increase by 47.2 % in summer, and reduced the daily temperature difference and the temperature gradient between the range of 0 and 20 cm. Under the effects of rainfall, natural capping effectively stabilizes the moisture content in winter, decreases moisture fluctuation frequency by &gt;61.9 % and delays the start time of moisture infiltration in the interior walls during summer. After one year of outdoor monitoring, the total loss of earth material was reduced significantly by 82.5 %. The findings of this work provide informed technical support for the long-term preservation of earthen heritage via the natural approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abandoned industrial heritage: From waste to resource. Which evaluation tools to evaluate this circular process?","authors":"Francesca Nocca ,&nbsp;Hilde Remøy","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abandonment of industrial buildings, driven by global economic changes and deindustrialization, has led to a growing interest in their adaptive reuse as a strategy for sustainable regeneration. This paper explores how disused industrial heritage can be transformed from waste into a valuable resource, aligning with circular economy principles. The main objective of the research is to propose an evaluation framework capable of assessing the multidimensional impacts (environmental, economic/financial, and socio-cultural) of adaptive reuse projects for industrial heritage across various project phases.</div><div>To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, identifying key criteria and indicators used in previous evaluations. The review highlighted the complexity of balancing heritage conservation, community needs, and sustainability goals. While numerous studies propose multicriteria evaluation frameworks, few explicitly address the circular economy perspective. In this context, the European Commission’s Level(s) tool (currently the only officially recognized framework for assessing building sustainability in a circular economy perspective) was selected as the basis for this research.</div><div>The Level(s) tool was integrated and expanded to account for the unique characteristics of industrial heritage, including historical significance and socio-cultural values. The resulting evaluation framework consists of six thematic-areas, nine macro-objectives and a comprehensive set of 48 criteria and 100+ indicators. Indicators are categorized by evaluation phase (ex-ante, ongoing, ex-post) and lifecycle status (renovation activity, in-use, future adaptation potential), ensuring relevance across the building lifecycle. They also distinguish between impacts on the building/site itself and those on its urban context.</div><div>The framework allows stakeholders, including designers, investors, policymakers, and communities, to evaluate the sustainability of adaptive reuse projects in a structured, transparent, and comparable way. It supports decision-making through multicriteria analysis and encourages stakeholder collaboration. Moreover, it emphasizes the integration of qualitative and quantitative data and accommodates varying levels of technical expertise.</div><div>This study provides a replicable, flexible, and interdisciplinary tool for evaluating the circular regeneration of industrial heritage. Future research will focus on applying this framework to real-world projects to validate and refine its components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 207-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the thermal dampening and blanketing effects of ivy (Hedera helix) on stone-built coastal heritage assets under summer conditions","authors":"Georgina Jenkins ,&nbsp;Timothy Baxter","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climbing plants, such as English ivy (<em>Hedera helix</em>), are an important component of the natural and built environment, and are increasingly integrated into the designs of modern developments to provide aesthetic and thermal benefits. Yet, the influence of ivy on the conservation of historic buildings remains controversial. In urban and rural settings, ivy has been shown to both enhance and retard material breakdown. However, in dynamic coastal environments, where heritage assets are regularly exposed to variable weather conditions and damaging ocean spray, the impacts of ivy on stone decay are relatively unknown. In this study, a combination of laboratory simulations and field experiments were used to assess the impacts of different covers of ivy (i.e., full foliage, managed foliage, and exposed stone) on surface and subsurface microclimates and stone deterioration at two sixteenth century castles in Kent, UK. Our results show that ivy may shield surfaces against potentially damaging salt crystals, and buffer extremes and fluctuations in temperature and humidity during warm, summer conditions. Importantly, we show that heavily-managed stems can provide protective functions irrespective of leaves through the modulation of environmental variables linked to stone decay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring varnish removal on a late 19th-century Vincent van Gogh painting using optical coherence tomography and reflection infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Julio M. del Hoyo-Meléndez ,&nbsp;Magdalena Iwanicka ,&nbsp;Piotr Targowski ,&nbsp;Anna Klisińska-Kopacz ,&nbsp;Anna Rygula ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Chmielewska ,&nbsp;Dominika Tarsińska-Petruk ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Novljaković","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vincent van Gogh's painting, <em>Country Huts Among Trees</em>, was executed in 1883. The painting underwent restoration likely in the second half of the 20th century; however, the specifics of this treatment are not documented. The painting's state of preservation was thoroughly examined to inform a conservation treatment consisting of solvent cleaning to remove the unwanted varnish. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and reflection FTIR spectroscopy provided insight into the painting’s stratigraphy and identified surface layers across various regions. OCT revealed the presence of multiple varnish layers, while FTIR-ATR, Raman, and reflection FTIR spectroscopy allowed the identification of the upper varnish layer as an acrylic resin. The combined use of FTIR and OCT enabled a non-invasive, in situ assessment of solvent cleaning procedures aimed at the selective removal of the upper varnish layer. Analyses were performed during the cleaning tests to carefully assess the condition of the painted surface and the original varnish. The results of these cleaning tests informed and refined the varnish removal procedure during the restoration process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 178-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Asian lacquers by atmospheric solids analysis probe high resolution tandem mass spectrometry coupled with cyclic ion mobility separation","authors":"Vojtěch Zemek ,&nbsp;Radek Ryšánek ,&nbsp;Petra Krejčí ,&nbsp;Lukáš Kučera ,&nbsp;Jana Nádvorníková ,&nbsp;Adéla Tůmová ,&nbsp;Helena Heroldová ,&nbsp;Adriana Stříbrná ,&nbsp;Petr Bednář","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the restoration and conservation of oriental lacquers, it is important to know what type of lacquer(s) and other components were used during the production of surveyed and potentially conserved or restored object. Traditionally infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) are used for lacquer type classification. We suggested a new approach based on atmospheric solids analysis probe high resolution tandem mass spectrometry coupled with cyclic ion mobility (ASAP-IMS-THRMS). This method was applied to 27 historical lacquer samples of Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese and Burmese provenance dated from the 17th to the 20th centuries, and allowed their resolution and classification according to region of origin. The main classification capability was provided by phenol and benzenediol derivatives. The analysis of these compounds aside, the method allowed simultaneous detection of arsenic sulfides pigments as well as diterpenic and triterpenic resins in lacquer layers allowing samples characterization in a wider restoration, conservation and art history context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-series analysis of land use land cover change dynamics in Sukur Cultural Landscape, northeast Nigeria","authors":"Akinbowale Akintayo","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates trends of land use land cover (lulc) change in Sukur Cultural Landscape (hereafter Sukur). Sukur is a World Heritage Site located in Madagali Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria which was inscribed into the World Heritage List in 1999. Twenty-five (25) years after, this study aims to assess landscape changes in the face of recent natural and anthropogenic threats. In December 2014, Sukur was ravaged by armed conflict by insurgents. Moreover, the negative impacts of climate change are evident in some of the cultural features that make up the cultural landscape. The study employed the use of earth observation data from Google Earth Pro to perform land use and land cover change analyses. Satellite image data were accessed using the time slider tool in Google Earth Pro to extract images for four epochs - 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2023. Seven land use land cover types (bare land, built-up, cropland, footpath, terrace, tree, and water) were identified in this study and Random Forest machine learning algorithm was utilized in QGIS using EnMAP plugin to classify each land use and cover class of interest. Accuracy assessments were computed from confusion matrix, user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. Change detection was then carried out using SCP plugin in QGIS to estimate how each land cover class changed for each epoch. The results of the analyses showed an expansion in built-up areas in all the epochs studied, reduction in vegetation between 2009 and 2014 and conversely, increase in cropland area through all the epochs which is attributable to anthropogenic factors of development and population growth. The main drivers of landscape change are increase in population, suburban development, lifestyle change and effect of climate change on the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raphael seen through MA-XRF: understanding the master and his atelier by studying the Capodimonte collection","authors":"Michela Botticelli ,&nbsp;Rosario Andolina ,&nbsp;Marco Cardinali ,&nbsp;Angela Cerasuolo ,&nbsp;Santo Gammino ,&nbsp;Costanza Miliani ,&nbsp;Zdenek Preisler ,&nbsp;Eva Luna Ravan ,&nbsp;Gianluca Santagati ,&nbsp;Francesco Paolo Romano ,&nbsp;Andrea Zezza ,&nbsp;Claudia Caliri","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Raphael’s paintings in the Capodimonte collection, ‘Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte’ in Naples, offer the opportunity to describe the master’s great career and technical evolution from the earliest production, as in the <em>Baronci Panel</em>, to the mature collaboration with his pupil and successor Giulio Romano for the <em>Madonna of the Cat</em>. At the same time, coeval and later copies describe the impressive favour Raphael gained, yet when he was alive and in the following centuries. Studying the materiality of Raphael’s paintings in the Capodimonte collection brings more extensive knowledge on his technique, but also gives a sense of how his pupils and followers imitated or distanced themselves from him, participating to the discussion on the role of copies in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. MA-XRF scanning of Raphael’s works in the collection, and the analysis of artworks attributed to his workshop or identified as later copies assisted in the redefinition of the master’s material peculiarities. Beyond offering insights into the conservation history of the paintings, chemical data chiefly allowed the description of: (1) the master’s early technique in the <em>Baronci panel</em>, (2) the master’s practice, his material experimentation and conceptual setting up in works attributed to his workshop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital holographic speckle pattern interferometry in support of ongoing conservation: the case of Giotto’s wall paintings in the Bardi Chapel, Florence","authors":"Antonina Chaban ,&nbsp;Vivi Tornari ,&nbsp;Michalis Andrianakis ,&nbsp;Maria Rosa Lanfranchi ,&nbsp;Alessandra Rocco ,&nbsp;Moira Bertasa ,&nbsp;Jana Striova","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective conservation begins with a deep understanding of an artwork’s structural condition before restoring the pictorial layer. This is especially important for multi-layered painted surfaces like wall paintings, where hidden issues must be carefully evaluated to ensure long-term preservation. An ongoing conservation campaign (2022–2025) is dedicated to preserving Giotto’s irreplaceable wall paintings in the Bardi Chapel, Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence (Italy). The project faces significant challenges due to gaps in detailed documentation regarding past restorations. Conservators and heritage scientists were called to assess the subsurface condition of the wall paintings and accurately distinguish areas requiring interventions of varying urgency. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted, incorporating advanced methodologies, including Digital Holographic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DHSPI). This paper focuses on advantages and challenges of the DHSPI, operated under both thermal excitation and natural conditions, for detecting critical subsurface defects and supporting the study of the restoration history of Giotto’s wall paintings. DHSPI enables revealing hidden micro-deformations and monitoring direct surface responses to environmental changes in a quantitative full-field real-time non-contact examination. Thus, it provides valuable insights into structural stability, invisible overlapping of detachments and cracks, hidden structured layers, and through defect propagation to trace the future deterioration risks. By incorporating DHSPI into an interdisciplinary diagnostic strategy, we demonstrate how this approach enhances conservation decision-making, supports informed and minimally invasive interventions, and, ultimately, contributes to the long-term preservation of Giotto’s unique wall paintings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}