Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"AI-based experts’ knowledge visualization of cultural heritage: A case study of Terracotta Warriors","authors":"Siyi Li ,&nbsp;Yue Jiang ,&nbsp;Bowen Jing ,&nbsp;Liuyuxin Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in 3D modeling, digital display technologies, and the growing availability of digital cultural heritage data have significantly improved the accuracy of heritage depictions and expanded opportunities for analysis. However, while many studies focus on presenting specific cultural heritage figurines, an often overlooked aspect is the visualization of the Terracotta Warriors as a unified entity. This involves concisely representing the distribution of features and their relationships, providing a clear and insightful presentation that engages practitioners, academics, and wider audiences. To tackle the challenges mentioned above, this research seeks to explore the application of AI methods in processing cultural heritage data. It aims to optimize and augment the dataset, analyze the distribution and relationships of various attributes, and interpret the analysis results through visualization techniques. The Terracotta Warriors, among China’s most significant cultural heritages and renowned for their abundance, exquisite workmanship, and magnitude, are chosen as a case study. The contribution of this paper is primarily twofold. Firstly, we constructed a dataset of Terracotta Warriors from Pit No. 1, detailing the attributes significant for identifying different Terracotta Warriors. Secondly, we employ various AI methods, such as generative adversarial network(GAN) and random forest, to process and analyze these attributes, followed by visualizing the analysis results for an intuitive presentation. This study introduces a novel scheme for presenting information on a collection of cultural relics, offering a practical case for analyzing and visualizing the Terracotta Warriors’ attributes as a whole entity, rather than showcasing individual relics’ information in isolation. This approach can be applied to other cultural heritage artifacts, such as Chinese ceramics, and supports further multidisciplinary research, including AI-based cultural heritage analysis, processing, and presentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analytical techniques for the study of composite waterproof caulking materials used on the Nanhai Ⅰ ancient shipwreck of the Southern Song Dynasty","authors":"Aoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Haiyue Hou ,&nbsp;Jing Du ,&nbsp;Li Luo ,&nbsp;Muhammad Qamer Abbas ,&nbsp;Naisheng Li ,&nbsp;Dawa Shen ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Du","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Nianliao” is an organic-inorganic composite material historically employed in ancient Chinese wooden ship construction for gap filling and waterproofing. This study examines two types of Nianliao samples from the Nanhai I shipwreck of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127–1279 CE): fiber-containing Nianliao and pure putty Nianliao. The objective of this research is to develop a systematic analytical method for this ancient composite material, thereby uncovering the production techniques and characteristics of historical Chinese waterproofing caulking materials. To analyze the organic components of Nianliao, we introduced a novel and rapid method utilizing ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-QTOF/MS). This approach facilitates the direct analysis of fatty acids in Nianliao samples without derivatization, successfully isolating and identifying various free fatty acids and their oxidation products. Based on these findings, we infer that tung oil constitutes the organic component of the Nianliao samples. Additionally, the study elucidates the composition, aging characteristics, and interactions of Nianliao components through complementary instrumental analytical techniques. Inorganic compounds were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). These analyses revealed that the primary inorganic component was calcium carbonate, formed through lime carbonation. Calcium salts of fatty acids were also detected, indicating a reaction between tung oil and lime that facilitated the integration of organic and inorganic components. Fibers present in some samples were analyzed based on their longitudinal and transverse morphological characteristics and identified as hemp fibers. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSC-TG) was employed for quantitative analysis. This analysis revealed significant differences in organic content between the two types of Nianliao samples, which influenced their microstructural properties. Specifically, the fiber-containing Nianliao samples exhibited a denser microstructure and contained approximately four times more tung oil compared to the pure putty Nianliao samples. This research provides novel insights and methodologies for analyzing organic compounds in archaeological contexts. It establishes a scientific foundation for the restoration and archaeological study of ancient wooden shipwrecks and contributes to the development of effective conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143273410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying ancient Egyptian copper-alloy objects via X-ray diffraction and Machine Learning","authors":"G. Festa ,&nbsp;C. Caliri ,&nbsp;M. Botticelli ,&nbsp;C.G. Fatuzzo ,&nbsp;E. Ferraris ,&nbsp;J. Auenmüller ,&nbsp;D.P. Pavone ,&nbsp;G. Privitera ,&nbsp;C. Scatigno ,&nbsp;C. Miliani ,&nbsp;F.P. Romano","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper reports a novel approach to studying the manufacturing techniques of ancient Egyptian metal objects. The study approach was performed on 12 copper-alloy objects, the majority of which are metal vessels. They were part of the burial assemblage of the Theban Tomb (TT) 8, belonging to the ‘overseer of works at the Great Place’ Kha and his wife Merit, that was found undisturbed in 1906 in Western Thebes (Egypt). The funerary assemblage, dating to the mid-18th Dynasty (ca. 1425–1352 BCE) is currently kept at Museo Egizio, Turin (Italy). The investigation aimed to gather further information regarding the manufacturing processes and methods that were employed to produce the copper-alloy objects selected for analysis. The bronze vessels and stands are among the best and most sophisticated metal artefacts from New Kingdom Egypt in terms of their technology and preservation. Here, non-destructive and non-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data is reported, and X-ray diffraction is coupled with machine learning which allows one to define specific data clusters that are compared with the overall role of the objects from a historical perspective and its macroscopic features. We identified four main groups as a function of the metalworking methods, spanning from highly homogeneous microscopic structures induced by a high thermal treatment such as annealing to extremely nonhomogeneous microscopic structures compatible with cold metalworking. This classification from a microscopic point of view is successfully integrated with a macroscopic classification by shape, demonstrating a particular processing method for each intended design type and use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating archaeological sites by seriation","authors":"Elisa Crabu ,&nbsp;Caterina Fenu ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Giuseppa Tanda","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seriation is an ordering problem which consists of determining the best ordering of a set of correlated units, whose relationship is defined by a bipartite graph. It has several applications in different fields, like genetics, anthropology, archaeology and psychology. Our application deals with the relative dating of archaeological sites based on the characteristics of parietal engravings found in them. Our interest lies mainly in the <em>Domus the Janas</em>, Neolithic burial sites typical of Sardinia, Italy. Two matrices, derived from the available data, give information about the similarity among the units. A well known seriation method is applied to them. Due to its formulation, the seriation algorithm employed produces in some cases a solution which does not appear to be completely satisfying. So we propose an approach to improve the quality of the solution, based on a quality indicator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive stability evaluation method integrating similarity analysis, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis and its application in Cave 32, the North Grotto Temple, China","authors":"Xulei Chen ,&nbsp;Lihui Li ,&nbsp;Beixiu Huang ,&nbsp;Jingke Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grotto temples are rock-cut architecture originally constructed for religious purposes. These caves, carved in cliffs, have been eroded by natural forces and destroyed by human activities over an extended period. Accurate stability assessment serves as the foundation for the preventive protection of the caves. However, an integrated evaluation system has not been developed to date due to diverse variations in the mechanisms of disease formation, influencing factors, material properties, and structural characteristics. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive stability assessment method for grottoes, integrating similarity analysis, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. The methodology comprises four key steps: (i) We collected essential attribute parameters related to grotto stability from representative grottoes in China to establish a database. Through similarity calculation of these control parameters between the research object and database, a distance discrimination model incorporating expert experience was trained for the cave's initial and rapid stability grading; (ii) Establishment of a refined 3D numerical model of the cave based on point cloud data obtained through laser scanners and UAV, and numerical analysis to determine the stress and displacement distribution and identify potential failure zones; (iii) the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) further was employed for quantitative calculations of stability factor of vulnerable zones revealed by numerical modeling; (iv) Methodology comparison and discussion to obtain the comprehensive results. The established procedure has been successfully applied in Cave 32 of the North Grotto Temple in China, which demonstrates its potential as a pioneering framework for the precise evaluation of similar cases, contributing to the preservation of stone cultural relics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holographic and seismic comparative modal analysis on Radicofani fortress","authors":"E. Pugliese ,&nbsp;G. Lacanna ,&nbsp;M. Locatelli ,&nbsp;M. Della Schiava ,&nbsp;N. Signorini ,&nbsp;R. Meucci","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we performed the modal analysis on historical building Rocca di Radicofani located in Tuscany, Italy. The experimental analysis has been conducted by comparing two techniques: Infrared Digital Holography (IRDH) and the traditional seismic measurements. We show how IRDH is able to detect the same structural frequencies and modal shapes of seismic analysis. IRDH, using a long wavelength laser radiation (10.6 µm), allows to accurately monitor large area of buildings without the need to physically access the structures. The remarkable sensitivity (∼0.1 µm) and the capacity to work remotely make the holographic technique significant promise in the field of structural dynamics, especially for buildings with architectural or historical constraints or in case of damaged building. In addition, the ability of the holographic technique to detect the modal parameters can be used to monitor their evolution in time in order to verify the structural health of historical structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flora by Francesco Melzi from the state hermitage museum: Examination of the painting technique and materials","authors":"Kamilla B. Kalinina ,&nbsp;Maria V. Shulepova ,&nbsp;Alexander I. Revelsky","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conservation of Francesco Melzi's <em>Flora</em> from the collection of the State Hermitage Museum permitted an in-depth physical–chemical study of the materials. A combined study of paint cross-sections using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) allowed a detailed identification of the original and later restoration materials. In particular, it is likely that the original ground was chalk. Investigations of the pigment composition showed that Melzi used lead white, natural earths, red lake, vermilion and lead–tin yellow type I. Lapis lazuli was the only blue pigment, being detected in the blue drapery of Flora and in green leaves of the fern in the upper left corner of the painting, where it was used in a mixture with lead white and lead-tin yellow type I. An analysis of the sample stratigraphy of the Flora face in the shadow suggested the artist employed the sfumato technique. Binding media and other organic compounds were studied by means of thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (THM-Py-GC/MS). It was discovered that the artist probably used poppyseed oil for the main paint layers, but egg was found in the outermost very thin white layer of Flora's clothing. The original and restoration varnishes contain a mixture of different resins and drying oil. The materials which Russian restorer Fyodor Tabuntsov used to make the transfer ground during his transposition of the painting from panel to canvas were lead white and walnut oil. It was revealed that the initial design on Flora's attire was different from the present one: a red geometric pattern was later changed to a yellow floral motif.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Black Panther”: A multi-analytical study on the statue of the football player Eusébio da Silva Ferreira","authors":"Ana Catarina Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Mathilda Larsson Coutinho ,&nbsp;Carlo Bottaini ,&nbsp;Marius Araújo ,&nbsp;Vera Pires ,&nbsp;Bárbara Campos Maia ,&nbsp;Joana Madureira ,&nbsp;Filipa Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The iconic Eusébio da Silva Ferreira statue attracts a lot of attention from Sport Lisboa e Benfica Football fans and fans worldwide who, eager to show their affection and respect for the player, touch and pose with the statue, a proximity that the sports Club promotes and encourages. The statue (classified as a bronze but the alloy was not known) is in a good state of conservation but localised signs of possible corrosion – visible green/blue, orange and white stains - appear intermittently and an alteration to the original position of the statue leaves a cloud of uncertainty when it comes to its physical stability. To address these questions a multi-analytical combined approach was devised with the use of portable equipment (digital microscope, h-XRF, 3D scanner and a Pundit PL-200) and laboratory techniques (µXRD, µRaman and VP-SEM-EDS). Contrary to what was previously thought, the sculpture was produced using a ternary Cu–Sn–Zn alloy rich in Pb. The coloured deposits analysed revealed the presence of Cu, Fe and Zn which translates into active corrosion that needs to be closely monitored. Other deposits are due to atmospheric debris. Copper phthalocyanine, a blue-green pigment was identified which may be related to the patina. The ultrasound technique has allowed the determination of the relative thickness of the statue but fell short of determining the actual position of a sustaining inner rod. Further studies are needed to address this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential and limitations of adhesive identification on museum curated metal objects","authors":"Tabea J. Koch ,&nbsp;Sophia Adams ,&nbsp;Melanie Giles ,&nbsp;Aimée Little ,&nbsp;Francesco Palmas ,&nbsp;Frederik W. Rademakers ,&nbsp;Martine Regert ,&nbsp;Yohann Thomas ,&nbsp;Rebecca Stacey","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Europe, adhesives were produced and employed from the Middle Palaeolithic onwards. In the earlier periods, adhesives were used predominantly for hafting tools and weapons, but their functionality evolved with the advent of ceramic technologies, with use widening to pottery repair and ornamentation. Limited attention has been directed towards their application in metalwork. It is unclear whether the scarcity of adhesives described in association with metal is due to preservation factors, such as corrosion-related issues, or to a research emphasis on other materials associated with metalwork such as coral, amber, and glass. To address this issue, we conducted chemical analyses including gas chromatography – mass spectrometry on 18 adhesive residues present on 15 objects from France and England dated from the mid first millennium BCE to the first century CE. These artefacts include jewellery, vessels, harness fittings and weaponry components. Our findings suggest that a range of adhesives were employed in assembling and applying decoration to diverse types of metal objects. These include birch tar and conifer resins, also bitumen and possibly beeswax, which have not been reported before. However, the application of waxes in past conservation practices introduces challenges that can potentially constrain the interpretation of molecular analyses. Our results have implications for the understanding of the adhesive technologies, and illustrate the potential of identifying adhesives linked to metal ornamentation. They further demonstrate the widening application of long-established adhesive technologies within the framework of increasingly complex craft specialisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 358-369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman spectroscopy and SERS: Recent advances in cultural heritage diagnostics and the potential use of anisotropic metal nanostructures","authors":"Rosaceleste Zumpano ,&nbsp;Federica Simonetti ,&nbsp;Chiara Genova ,&nbsp;Franco Mazzei ,&nbsp;Gabriele Favero","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopies (SERS) are among the foremost non-destructive techniques for material characterization in cultural heritage research. SERS, in particular, stands out for its remarkable signal enhancement and ability to mitigate fluorescence interference, making it a valuable tool embraced by researchers across the field. Central to this enhancement are metallic nanostructures, with their effects finely tuned by variations in shape, size, and metal type. Anisotropic nanostructures—such as nanostars, nanoflowers, and nanocubes—are especially compelling due to their capacity to amplify SERS hotspots and intensify plasmonic bands, positioning them at the frontier of scientific interest. Nevertheless, the application of anisotropic nanostructures in cultural heritage SERS analyses remains relatively untapped, with only a few recent studies venturing into this promising area. This review provides a focused overview of metal nanostructure properties, highlighting the unique benefits that anisotropic designs offer in advancing SERS analyses for cultural heritage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 282-301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}