Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.011
Yang Chen , Luchen Zhang , Qi Dong
The preservation of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) at World Heritage sites, particularly in urban environments, faces significant challenges due to irreversible damage and lack of adequate attention. Analyzing local conservation documents is critical for assessing awareness of and compliance with OUV standards. Traditional evaluation methods, however, are resource-intensive and subject to inefficiencies and errors, particularly when dealing with large volumes of text. To address these issues, our study employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques to enhance both the size of the sample and the accuracy of the data, thereby enabling a more comprehensive analysis of conservation texts. We examined 624 documents from 303 pivotal sites in the World Heritage Cities Programme, analyzing multiple dimensions and sub-labels related to OUV. Our findings reveal distinct regional variations in OUV-related concerns, influenced by factors such as OUV pillars, criteria, document types, and revision frequencies. Additionally, our research highlights how disparities in wealth, size, industrial structure, and levels of scientific and educational development across different urban heritage contexts contribute to variations in conservation quality. This study provides an efficient and thorough methodology for reviewing local-level plans, which enhances the monitoring and protection of OUV.
{"title":"Using natural language processing to evaluate local conservation text: A study of 624 documents from 303 sites of the World Heritage Cities Programme","authors":"Yang Chen , Luchen Zhang , Qi Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) at World Heritage sites, particularly in urban environments, faces significant challenges due to irreversible damage and lack of adequate attention. Analyzing local conservation documents is critical for assessing awareness of and compliance with OUV standards. Traditional evaluation methods, however, are resource-intensive and subject to inefficiencies and errors, particularly when dealing with large volumes of text. To address these issues, our study employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques to enhance both the size of the sample and the accuracy of the data, thereby enabling a more comprehensive analysis of conservation texts. We examined 624 documents from 303 pivotal sites in the World Heritage Cities Programme, analyzing multiple dimensions and sub-labels related to OUV. Our findings reveal distinct regional variations in OUV-related concerns, influenced by factors such as OUV pillars, criteria, document types, and revision frequencies. Additionally, our research highlights how disparities in wealth, size, industrial structure, and levels of scientific and educational development across different urban heritage contexts contribute to variations in conservation quality. This study provides an efficient and thorough methodology for reviewing local-level plans, which enhances the monitoring and protection of OUV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 259-270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.012
Lorenzo Cardarelli
Reconstructing archaeological vessels from their fragments is a complex task that requires a long investment of time as well as in-depth knowledge of specific archaeological material. This paper proposes a framework based on generative artificial intelligence to reconstruct the entire vessel from a fragment. The proposed framework is based on a fragment simulation mechanism and the combination of three different deep learning models that position, reconstruct, and post-process the fragment to obtain a ready-to-use reconstruction. The method is applied as a case-study to a dataset of six Italian Bronze and Early Iron Age burial contexts, including about 4000 complete vessels and over 400 actual fragments. The results are evaluated using statistical metrics and expert human evaluation, showing promising results. The proposed method is a positive application of generative artificial intelligence in archaeology and provides a solution to the use of fragments in the digital and computational analysis of ceramics. The dataset, as well as the code used and the analytical pipeline, are fully available in the supplementary materials.
{"title":"From fragments to digital wholeness: An AI generative approach to reconstructing archaeological vessels","authors":"Lorenzo Cardarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing archaeological vessels from their fragments is a complex task that requires a long investment of time as well as in-depth knowledge of specific archaeological material. This paper proposes a framework based on generative artificial intelligence to reconstruct the entire vessel from a fragment. The proposed framework is based on a fragment simulation mechanism and the combination of three different deep learning models that position, reconstruct, and post-process the fragment to obtain a ready-to-use reconstruction. The method is applied as a case-study to a dataset of six Italian Bronze and Early Iron Age burial contexts, including about 4000 complete vessels and over 400 actual fragments. The results are evaluated using statistical metrics and expert human evaluation, showing promising results. The proposed method is a positive application of generative artificial intelligence in archaeology and provides a solution to the use of fragments in the digital and computational analysis of ceramics. The dataset, as well as the code used and the analytical pipeline, are fully available in the supplementary materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.009
Rui Dang , Zhenyu Hu , Xiangqian Cai , Ming Tang , Longyan Tai , Baoping Wang , Fenghui Zhang
When lighting polychrome artworks in museum, the light sources are required not only to provide high-quality visual performance, but also to minimize the photodamage. Currently, though there are mature methods to calculate visual performance, how to predict the degree of photodamage remains a challenge, which leads to a lack of light sources satisfying both visual and protection requirements. Our study conducted a series of 294 accelerated aging experiments spanning over 11 years for materials commonly used in Chinese polychrome artworks, using isoenergetic white-light D55 and 10 different wavelengths of narrow-band light as experimental light sources. The mathematical model predicting the photodamage degree caused by intensity (I), exposure time (t), the relative spectral power distribution of the light source (S(λ)), and the irradiated material's relative spectral responsivity (P(λ)) to polychrome artworks was established, and the mean absolute percentage error of the model, as verified by experiments, was 11.63 %. Combined with the existing visual performance calculation methods, an optimal lighting algorithm that simultaneously meets high-quality visual performance and minimum photodamage was developed, followed by developing a new Spectrally Tunable White LEDs (STWLEDs) lighting system with 10 LED chips. It is found that the STWLEDs can adjust and output the optimal spectra and recommended illuminance according to the characteristics of polychrome artworks, thus realizing lighting with minimum photodamage, meanwhile, satisfying high-quality visual performance. After testing, as well as satisfying the requirements of visual performance, the average photodamage is reduced by 40.95 % with STWLEDs compared with the traditional WLEDs.
{"title":"Photodamage prediction model and optimal lighting system for polychrome artworks in museum","authors":"Rui Dang , Zhenyu Hu , Xiangqian Cai , Ming Tang , Longyan Tai , Baoping Wang , Fenghui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When lighting polychrome artworks in museum, the light sources are required not only to provide high-quality visual performance, but also to minimize the photodamage. Currently, though there are mature methods to calculate visual performance, how to predict the degree of photodamage remains a challenge, which leads to a lack of light sources satisfying both visual and protection requirements. Our study conducted a series of 294 accelerated aging experiments spanning over 11 years for materials commonly used in Chinese polychrome artworks, using isoenergetic white-light D<sub>55</sub> and 10 different wavelengths of narrow-band light as experimental light sources. The mathematical model predicting the photodamage degree caused by intensity (<em>I</em>), exposure time (<em>t</em>), the relative spectral power distribution of the light source (<em>S(λ)</em>), and the irradiated material's relative spectral responsivity (<em>P(λ)</em>) to polychrome artworks was established, and the mean absolute percentage error of the model, as verified by experiments, was 11.63 %. Combined with the existing visual performance calculation methods, an optimal lighting algorithm that simultaneously meets high-quality visual performance and minimum photodamage was developed, followed by developing a new Spectrally Tunable White LEDs (STWLEDs) lighting system with 10 LED chips. It is found that the STWLEDs can adjust and output the optimal spectra and recommended illuminance according to the characteristics of polychrome artworks, thus realizing lighting with minimum photodamage, meanwhile, satisfying high-quality visual performance. After testing, as well as satisfying the requirements of visual performance, the average photodamage is reduced by 40.95 % with STWLEDs compared with the traditional WLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.010
Jianghao Du , Zhanyun Zhu , Zixuan Wang , Junchang Yang
This paper investigates the effectiveness of five different types of extractants for unearthed silk fabric residues. Residual proteins are extracted from non-aged and thermally-aged samples, and the extraction efficiencies are quantified by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used for data processing, and sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy are adopted to characterize the influence of the extraction process on the protein structure. The results show that the extraction efficiency of the calcium-alcohol solution for all samples is significantly higher than that of the other four extractants. With longer aging time, the extraction efficiency of each extractant becomes lower, with copper-ethylenediamine (CED) being the least affected by aging. Furthermore, the lithium bromide (LiBr) and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) extraction processes exhibit the least effect on the molecular weight of the residual proteins in the non-aged samples. With increasing aging time, the influence of each extractant on the molecular weight of the residual proteins tends to be the same. The extraction process with calcium-alcohol solution retains more aromatic amino acid residues and yields proteins with a higher percentage of α-helic and random coil conformations. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use calcium-alcohol solution as an extractant for unearthed silk fabric residues.
{"title":"Comparative study of silk residue extraction agents: Evaluating efficiency and investigating structural impact","authors":"Jianghao Du , Zhanyun Zhu , Zixuan Wang , Junchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effectiveness of five different types of extractants for unearthed silk fabric residues. Residual proteins are extracted from non-aged and thermally-aged samples, and the extraction efficiencies are quantified by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used for data processing, and sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy are adopted to characterize the influence of the extraction process on the protein structure. The results show that the extraction efficiency of the calcium-alcohol solution for all samples is significantly higher than that of the other four extractants. With longer aging time, the extraction efficiency of each extractant becomes lower, with copper-ethylenediamine (CED) being the least affected by aging. Furthermore, the lithium bromide (LiBr) and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) extraction processes exhibit the least effect on the molecular weight of the residual proteins in the non-aged samples. With increasing aging time, the influence of each extractant on the molecular weight of the residual proteins tends to be the same. The extraction process with calcium-alcohol solution retains more aromatic amino acid residues and yields proteins with a higher percentage of α-helic and random coil conformations. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use calcium-alcohol solution as an extractant for unearthed silk fabric residues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.005
Valentina Ljubić Tobisch , Klaudia Hradil , Karin Whitmore , Christina Streli , Peter Wobrauschek , Wolfgang Kautek
Six daguerreotypes from Austrian collections dating from 1841 to 1850 were examined using digital light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and µ-X-ray fluorescence. This enabled the observation of corrosion states, surface features due to different production steps, possible conservation interventions and storage conditions. The morphology and size distribution of Ag-Hg and Au-Hg-Ag amalgam platelets and image nanoparticles were studied. The platelets ranged in diameter from 1 to 2 µm. The image particles featured a crystalline morphology with diameters of 200–400 nm. The Ag coating grain size was 40–160 nm. Long-term exposure of the daguerreotype surface to fingerprint sweat caused the transformation of local Ag surface areas into AgCl crystallites with sizes of the order of µm. interestingly, in two samples, the pupils of the eyes were scratched with a needle, which was intended to increase the three-dimensionality of the eyes. In one case, corrosion caused the Ag layer to detach from the copper substrate, creating a crater on the exposed Cu substrate surrounded by the intact Ag surface. In another case, a greenish corrosion product of basic Cu carbonate with increased volume occurred.
{"title":"Surface characterization of Austrian daguerreotype portraits","authors":"Valentina Ljubić Tobisch , Klaudia Hradil , Karin Whitmore , Christina Streli , Peter Wobrauschek , Wolfgang Kautek","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six daguerreotypes from Austrian collections dating from 1841 to 1850 were examined using digital light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and µ-X-ray fluorescence. This enabled the observation of corrosion states, surface features due to different production steps, possible conservation interventions and storage conditions. The morphology and size distribution of Ag-Hg and Au-Hg-Ag amalgam platelets and image nanoparticles were studied. The platelets ranged in diameter from 1 to 2 µm. The image particles featured a crystalline morphology with diameters of 200–400 nm. The Ag coating grain size was 40–160 nm. Long-term exposure of the daguerreotype surface to fingerprint sweat caused the transformation of local Ag surface areas into AgCl crystallites with sizes of the order of µm. interestingly, in two samples, the pupils of the eyes were scratched with a needle, which was intended to increase the three-dimensionality of the eyes. In one case, corrosion caused the Ag layer to detach from the copper substrate, creating a crater on the exposed Cu substrate surrounded by the intact Ag surface. In another case, a greenish corrosion product of basic Cu carbonate with increased volume occurred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.008
S. Spadavecchia , C. Chiavari , F. Ospitali , S. Gualtieri , A.C. Hillar , E. Bernardi
Historical-artistic heritage, when located outdoor, is heavily targeted by deterioration phenomena such as weathering and air pollution. This is especially true for terracotta artefacts, as the medium porosity which characterizes them makes their damaging easier. Nevertheless, there is limited academic research on conservation strategies with regards to coatings. Consequently, the restoration of the carbonate terracotta sculpture known as “Muro del vento” (Wind Wall) by Domenico Matteucci has become the starting point for an experimental investigation carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness and durability - for outdoor terracotta artworks - of an array of protective coatings. In this paper, four commercial protective coatings, recommended both for natural and artificial stones, were evaluated: a vinylidene-fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer at 3 % in acetone, an aqueous emulsion of alkylpolysiloxane, an aqueous dispersion of functionalized silica nanoparticles, and a nanostructured and functionalized silica gel in hydroalcoholic solution. Coated and uncoated representative calcium-rich terracotta specimens were subjected to two different accelerated ageing procedures: rain runoff test and climatic chamber exposure. Concurrently, a long-term outdoor exposure was set up.
The characterization of the specimens and the evaluation of the coating's performances were carried out through color, contact angles, water absorption and mass variation measurements, 3D digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Raman micro-Spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy in order to quantify calcium release in rain.
Overall, the proposed accelerated ageing procedures proved to be successful for evaluating effectiveness and durability of protective treatments on ceramic materials. Silicon-based coatings, especially nanostructured and functionalized silica gel, followed by alkylpolysiloxane emulsion, have been shown to be the most suitable coatings for outdoor terracotta artefacts, while the fluorinated coating did not provide adequate protection as it was not able to limit water absorption under runoff conditions.
位于室外的历史艺术遗产深受风化和空气污染等老化现象的影响。陶土工艺品尤其如此，因为陶土具有中等孔隙率的特点，更容易受到破坏。然而，关于涂层保护策略的学术研究却十分有限。因此，以修复多梅尼科-马特乌齐（Domenico Matteucci）的碳酸盐陶土雕塑 "Muro del vento"（风墙）为起点，开展了一项实验调查，以评估一系列保护涂层对户外陶土艺术品的有效性和耐久性。本文评估了四种推荐用于天然石材和人造石材的商用保护涂层：丙酮中含量为 3% 的亚乙烯基-氟化物-六氟丙烯共聚物、烷基聚硅氧烷水性乳液、功能化二氧化硅纳米颗粒水性分散液以及水醇溶液中的纳米结构功能化硅胶。对有涂层和无涂层的代表性富钙陶土试样进行了两种不同的加速老化程序：雨水径流试验和气候室暴露。通过颜色、接触角、吸水率和质量变化测量、三维数字显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、拉曼微光谱和原子吸收光谱，对试样进行了表征并评估了涂层的性能，以量化雨水中的钙释放量。硅基涂层，特别是纳米结构和功能化硅胶，以及烷基聚硅氧烷乳液，被证明是最适合室外陶俑的涂层，而含氟涂层则不能提供足够的保护，因为它无法限制径流条件下的吸水率。
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of coatings for the protection of outdoor terracotta artworks through artificial ageing tests","authors":"S. Spadavecchia , C. Chiavari , F. Ospitali , S. Gualtieri , A.C. Hillar , E. Bernardi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historical-artistic heritage, when located outdoor, is heavily targeted by deterioration phenomena such as weathering and air pollution. This is especially true for terracotta artefacts, as the medium porosity which characterizes them makes their damaging easier. Nevertheless, there is limited academic research on conservation strategies with regards to coatings. Consequently, the restoration of the carbonate terracotta sculpture known as “Muro del vento” (Wind Wall) by Domenico Matteucci has become the starting point for an experimental investigation carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness and durability - for outdoor terracotta artworks - of an array of protective coatings. In this paper, four commercial protective coatings, recommended both for natural and artificial stones, were evaluated: a vinylidene-fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer at 3 % in acetone, an aqueous emulsion of alkylpolysiloxane, an aqueous dispersion of functionalized silica nanoparticles, and a nanostructured and functionalized silica gel in hydroalcoholic solution. Coated and uncoated representative calcium-rich terracotta specimens were subjected to two different accelerated ageing procedures: rain runoff test and climatic chamber exposure. Concurrently, a long-term outdoor exposure was set up.</div><div>The characterization of the specimens and the evaluation of the coating's performances were carried out through color, contact angles, water absorption and mass variation measurements, 3D digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Raman micro-Spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy in order to quantify calcium release in rain.</div><div>Overall, the proposed accelerated ageing procedures proved to be successful for evaluating effectiveness and durability of protective treatments on ceramic materials. Silicon-based coatings, especially nanostructured and functionalized silica gel, followed by alkylpolysiloxane emulsion, have been shown to be the most suitable coatings for outdoor terracotta artefacts, while the fluorinated coating did not provide adequate protection as it was not able to limit water absorption under runoff conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study deals with the development and application of innovative, low-cost devices designed to monitor indoor air quality in historical libraries which is fundamental for the preservation of historical items. Due to the complexity of managing multiple instruments, it is the thermo-hygrometric parameters that are usually monitored in historical libraries rather than the gaseous contaminants. Furthermore, these indoor environments often include users and staff who could potentially be disturbed by these monitoring activities. In this context, two compact and low-cost air quality platforms are presented. The first device was engineered to monitor multi-point temperature and relative humidity and the second was designed to monitor thermo-hygrometric parameters along with concentrations of key air quality pollutants (CO2, NOx, O3, VOCs, and PM10). These devices were first tested and then trialed in two distinct conservation institutes in Rome, Italy: the Bibliotheca Angelica, and the Archive of the Institute for the History of the Italian Risorgimento. Each institute presented unique characteristics and challenges, offering a diverse range of environments for evaluating the effectiveness of the adopted technical solutions. The obtained data were also used to investigate the relationship between indoor and outdoor environments, which is crucial as it can indirectly affect the preservation of cultural heritage items inside historical libraries or archives. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the adopted low-cost technical solutions in providing valuable and reliable data for the preservation of cultural heritage, offering insights into the current state of the studied indoor environments.
{"title":"Development and application of affordable microclimate and indoor air quality monitoring platforms for historic libraries in cultural heritage preservation","authors":"Gabriele Ceres, Luca Shindler, Fulvio Mercuri, Ugo Zammit","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study deals with the development and application of innovative, low-cost devices designed to monitor indoor air quality in historical libraries which is fundamental for the preservation of historical items. Due to the complexity of managing multiple instruments, it is the thermo-hygrometric parameters that are usually monitored in historical libraries rather than the gaseous contaminants. Furthermore, these indoor environments often include users and staff who could potentially be disturbed by these monitoring activities. In this context, two compact and low-cost air quality platforms are presented. The first device was engineered to monitor multi-point temperature and relative humidity and the second was designed to monitor thermo-hygrometric parameters along with concentrations of key air quality pollutants (CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, VOCs, and PM10). These devices were first tested and then trialed in two distinct conservation institutes in Rome, Italy: the Bibliotheca Angelica, and the Archive of the Institute for the History of the Italian Risorgimento. Each institute presented unique characteristics and challenges, offering a diverse range of environments for evaluating the effectiveness of the adopted technical solutions. The obtained data were also used to investigate the relationship between indoor and outdoor environments, which is crucial as it can indirectly affect the preservation of cultural heritage items inside historical libraries or archives. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the adopted low-cost technical solutions in providing valuable and reliable data for the preservation of cultural heritage, offering insights into the current state of the studied indoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research reports the results of the physicochemical characterization and deterioration condition evaluation of three nineteenth-century manuscripts, which are essential components of the Costa Rican documentary heritage. The documents were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and multispectral photography. The documents' condition was thoroughly evaluated, and the results were transformed into an index to correlate their deterioration state with the document's composition; this was achieved by using correlation plots and heatmaps. The study revealed that the Independence Act of Costa Rica was the most deteriorated document among the three manuscripts from the year 1821. This was attributed to its acidic pH level, high zinc content, and greater exposure to light compared to the other two documents.
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization and deterioration condition evaluation of three primary documents of Costa Rica's independence process","authors":"Paola Agüero-Gamboa , Paola Fuentes-Schweizer , Camila Hernández-Murillo , Mavis L. Montero","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research reports the results of the physicochemical characterization and deterioration condition evaluation of three nineteenth-century manuscripts, which are essential components of the Costa Rican documentary heritage. The documents were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and multispectral photography. The documents' condition was thoroughly evaluated, and the results were transformed into an index to correlate their deterioration state with the document's composition; this was achieved by using correlation plots and heatmaps. The study revealed that the Independence Act of Costa Rica was the most deteriorated document among the three manuscripts from the year 1821. This was attributed to its acidic pH level, high zinc content, and greater exposure to light compared to the other two documents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.006
Antreas Alexandrou , Filip Škola , Dimitrios Skarlatos , Stella Demesticha , Fotis Liarokapis , Andreas Aristidou
Underwater cultural heritage sites, spanning from submerged settlements to ancient ports and shipwrecks, captivate researchers and the public, providing insight into civilizations along coastlines and riverbanks. However, their accessibility and exploration are hindered by the sea’s physical barrier. Virtual Reality (VR) offers a transformative solution by providing digital accessibility to these underwater artifacts, enabling immersive exploration without physical limitations. VR enables people to embark on virtual tours of these sites, fostering a deeper appreciation of maritime archaeology and cultural heritage. Yet, fully realizing VR’s potential in underwater environments poses challenges, such as realistic virtual reconstruction and accurate simulation of marine life and coral reefs. Photogrammetry emerges as an effective technique for creating detailed 3D models, although underwater conditions often hinder quality outcomes. To address these challenges, our work focuses on digital underwater cultural heritage, presenting a gamified VR exploration of the ancient harbor of Amathus in Cyprus. Through photogrammetry, our VR environment enables users to explore and interact with the historic site seamlessly. Integrated guided tours, procedural generation, and machine learning algorithms enhance realism and user engagement. Evaluation through user studies demonstrates high-quality VR experiences with minimal discomfort, highlighting the efficacy and potential impact of our approach in enhancing underwater exploration and conservation efforts.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.08.019
Eustathia Tsioufi , Vasiliki Kokla , A. Revithi , A. Karabotsos
This study was carried out on a collection of coloured gravures, which are bound in one book volume entitled “Histoire Naturelle des Perroquets”. This book belongs to the Benaki's Collection of the Hellenic Parliament Library, Athens, Greece. Each page has a coloured print, depicting a different bird species. In most cases, the prints present oxidations caused by the additives used in paper and printing inks manufacture, i.e. fillers, sizing agents, binders, solvents, and other chemical compounds.
By employing microscopic imaging, multispectral imaging, and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis significant information on the materials used, engraving techniques, as well as the preservation state of the printings studied can be obtained. The combination of the proposed methods yields successful results in identifying the materials used in the colour inks, as well as the paper support of the printings.
这项研究是在一组彩色凹版画上进行的，这些凹版画装订在一本名为 "Histoire Naturelle des Perroquets "的书中。这本书属于希腊雅典希腊议会图书馆的贝纳基收藏。每一页都有一幅彩色版画，描绘了不同的鸟类种类。通过使用显微成像、多光谱成像和扫描电子显微镜/能量色散 X 射线光谱（SEM/EDS）分析，可以获得有关所用材料、雕刻技术以及所研究印刷品保存状态的重要信息。将所建议的方法结合起来，可以成功识别彩色油墨所用的材料以及印刷品的纸张支撑物。
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