Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献_第3页

In situ characterization of nephrite beads from the Hongshan culture: Unveiling techniques, materials and sources 红山文化中软玉珠的原位表征：揭示技术、材料和来源

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.007

Dian Chen , Guoxiang Liu , Yuanqiu Li , Jiangtao Liu , Tingting Shi , Manda Bai , Yuanchi Shang , Wugan Luo

The Hongshan Culture, a Neolithic society in northeastern China, is renowned for its sophisticated jade artifacts. While past research has focused mainly on large or ceremonial jade pieces, smaller artifacts like beads have received limited systematic study. This research examines 68 nephrite beads from the Nasitai site in Inner Mongolia using in-situ, non-destructive analytical techniques, including microscopic observation, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, pXRF, and multispectral imaging, to explore craftsmanship, material properties, and provenance. The spiral-grooved notches suggest a unique Hongshan cutting technique involving hole-drilling and the use of a sand-coated rope to split the jade. Ox-nostril-shaped drill marks indicate primitive perforation methods for stringing. Spectral analysis confirmed that the beads are made of tremolite, showing minimal weathering and excellent preservation. Elemental profiling highlighted consistent Ca/Ba ratios, while distinct Mn/Fe and Ni patterns suggest the potential for distinguishing nephrite sources. This analysis indicates that the jade beads may originate from Xiuyan nephrite. Additionally, multispectral imaging further supports this provenance conclusion. This study broadens understanding of Hongshan jade sourcing and technology, demonstrating the value of non-invasive methods in artifact analysis. The findings contribute to discussions on early Chinese jade trade and craft networks, setting a foundation for future comparative studies on Neolithic jade traditions.

红山文化是中国东北部的一个新石器社会，以其精致的玉器而闻名。虽然过去的研究主要集中在大型或仪式玉器上，但像珠子这样较小的文物得到了有限的系统研究。本研究使用原位无损分析技术，包括显微观察、FTIR、拉曼光谱、pXRF和多光谱成像，对内蒙古纳西泰遗址的68颗软玉珠进行了研究，以探索工艺、材料特性和来源。螺旋形的凹槽表明，这是一种独特的红山切割技术，包括钻孔和使用涂砂绳来切割玉石。牛鼻孔形状的钻痕表明原始的射孔管柱方法。光谱分析证实，这些珠子是由透闪石制成的，风化作用最小，保存完好。元素谱分析强调了一致的Ca/Ba比率，而不同的Mn/Fe和Ni模式表明了区分软玉来源的潜力。分析表明，该玉珠可能来源于岫岩软玉。此外，多光谱成像进一步支持了这一结论。本研究拓宽了对红山玉石来源和工艺的认识，展示了非侵入性方法在人工制品分析中的价值。这些发现有助于讨论早期中国玉器贸易和工艺网络，为未来对新石器时代玉器传统的比较研究奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Non-invasive methods for characterising letterpress prints: Surface microscopy and profilometry 凸版印刷特征的非侵入性方法。表面显微术和轮廓测定法

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.013

Iris Bautista-Morenilla , Júlia María Olivera López , Cristina Ruiz-Recasens , Oriol Moret Viñals , Lluís Casas Duocastella , Gema Campo-Francés

This study presents a methodological framework for characterising letterpress prints by combining morphological analysis with three-dimensional measurements. Original prints, as well as controlled mock-ups produced in the laboratory were analysed with surface microscopy to assess ink distribution on the paper. Optical profilometry was used to quantify the reverse embossing generated in the paper by the type-form.

Results show that the various methods and materials employed for letterpress printing over time lead to differences regarding ink distribution and relief levels. These are described and presented as key identification features through which the origin of early and contemporary letterpress prints can be determined.

The paper provides visual examples of the traits that letterpress prints can show throughout history and establishes a methodological approach for their characterisation. Therefore, this research expands the range of methodologies available for the technical cataloguing of letterpress prints.

本研究提出了一种方法学框架，通过结合形态分析和三维测量来表征凸版印刷。用表面显微镜对原始印刷品和实验室生产的受控模型进行分析，以评估纸张上的油墨分布。采用光学轮廓法定量分析了由字型在纸张上产生的反向压纹。结果表明，随着时间的推移，凸版印刷采用的各种方法和材料导致油墨分布和浮雕水平的差异。这些被描述和呈现为关键的识别特征，通过这些特征可以确定早期和当代凸版印刷的起源。本文提供了凸版印刷在整个历史中可以显示的特征的视觉例子，并建立了一种方法方法来描述它们的特征。因此，本研究扩大了活版印刷技术编目的方法范围。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-format indirect ELISA detection of food residues in late Roman and early medieval ceramics: Integrating antibodies and DNA aptamers for ancient protein and β-D-glucan analysis 罗马晚期和中世纪早期陶瓷中食物残留的双格式间接ELISA检测：整合抗体和DNA适体用于古代蛋白质和β- d -葡聚糖分析

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.005

Janez Kosel , K. Patrick Fazioli , Andrej Magdič , Zvezdana Modrijan , Jaroslav Pavelka , Polonca Ropret

Food and its associated material culture offer an important window into past social worlds, but difficulties in inferring vessel function from and the degradation of organic residues on pottery can hinder archaeological investigations of culinary practices. To overcome these limitations, we applied indirect ELISA assays using both polyclonal antibodies and synthetic aptamers to detect specific proteins and a cereal polysaccharide in ceramic sherds from two hilltop sites in north-eastern Slovenia: an early medieval settlement beneath Ptuj Castle (7th-9th centuries CE) and a Late Roman–early medieval fortified site at Ančnikovo Gradišče (4–5th, 7–10th centuries CE). Sherds bearing charred cooking residues were powder-extracted and assayed on MaxiSorp microtiter plates for six protein targets (ovalbumin, lysozyme, gluten, casein, collagen, and myosin) and for (1→3)-β-d-glucan target using matching primary antibodies and biotinylated DNA aptamers, with detection achieved by adding alkaline phosphatase–conjugated secondary antibodies to label primary antibody binding or alkaline phosphatase–conjugated streptavidin to label aptamer binding. At Ptuj, both formats identified egg proteins, bone collagen, myosin and gluten on individual sherds, with aptamers consistently yielding larger ΔOD margins than antibodies. At Ančnikovo Gradišče, meat residues dominated: myosin and collagen were detected on most Late Roman sherds, while sherd 402 (early medieval) uniquely registered cereal markers—gliadin and β-d-glucan—alongside meat and egg proteins. Casein appeared in only one Late Roman vessel. Co-occurrence of animal and plant residues implies composite dishes such as stews or porridges. Our findings demonstrate that aptamer‐based ELISAs offer enhanced sensitivity for archaeological proteins, and that protein and polysaccharide residue analysis can reconstruct nuanced dietary patterns. This approach holds promise for broad application in contexts lacking textual records. Caution should be taken when attempting to extrapolate broader patterns from this limited dataset.

食物及其相关的物质文化为了解过去的社会世界提供了一个重要的窗口，但是从陶器上的有机残留物推断容器功能和降解的困难可能会阻碍烹饪实践的考古调查。为了克服这些局限性，我们采用间接ELISA法，使用多克隆抗体和合成适体检测斯洛文尼亚东北部两个山顶遗址的陶瓷碎片中的特定蛋白质和谷物多糖：Ptuj城堡下的中世纪早期定居点（公元7 -9世纪）和anannikovo Gradišče的罗马晚期-中世纪早期防御遗址（公元4 - 5世纪，公元7 - 10世纪）。对烧焦的烹饪残渣进行粉末提取，并在MaxiSorp微滴板上检测6个蛋白靶点（卵清蛋白、溶菌酶、谷蛋白、酪蛋白、胶原蛋白和肌球蛋白）和（1→3）-β-d-葡聚糖靶点，使用匹配的一抗和生物素化DNA适配体，通过添加碱性磷酸酶偶联的二抗标记一抗结合或碱性磷酸酶偶联的链亲和素标记适配体结合来检测。在Ptuj，两种格式都能在单个片段上识别鸡蛋蛋白、骨胶原蛋白、肌球蛋白和谷蛋白，适配体的ΔOD边缘始终比抗体大。在an尼科沃Gradišče，肉类残留物占主导地位：在大多数晚期罗马碎片上检测到肌球蛋白和胶原蛋白，而碎片402（中世纪早期）独特注册的谷物标记-麦胶蛋白和β-d-葡聚糖-以及肉类和鸡蛋蛋白质。酪蛋白只出现在一艘晚期罗马船只上。同时出现的动物和植物残留物意味着混合菜肴，如炖菜或粥。我们的研究结果表明，基于适体的elisa对考古蛋白质具有更高的敏感性，蛋白质和多糖残留分析可以重建细微的饮食模式。这种方法有望在缺乏文本记录的环境中得到广泛应用。当试图从这个有限的数据集推断更广泛的模式时，应该谨慎。

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引用次数: 0

New approach using green terpolymer of nano poly (methyl methacrylate/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/acrylamide) for the consolidation of bone artifacts: A comprehensive evaluation of bone characteristics 使用纳米聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯/丙烯酰胺）绿色三元共聚物固化骨人工制品的新方法：骨特性的综合评估

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.009

Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud , Rokaya A. Sobh

Fragility and weakness are common forms of deterioration in archaeological bone artifacts found in museums and excavation areas. These deterioration aspects result from improper environmental conditions such as fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature, exposure to excessive light, air pollution, insects, and microorganisms. This study is a continuation of a previous study and aims to comprehensively evaluate the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of bones treated with terpolymer of Nano Poly (Methyl Methacrylate/Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate/Acrylamide) as a consolidant to determine the best concentration for its application to weak archaeological bones. In this study, modern bone samples were prepared and exposed to accelerated thermal aging. The aged bones were then treated with a terpolymer solution at different concentrations. Various bone characteristics were assessed, including mechanical properties (strength and hardness tests), chemical properties [pH measurement, Attenuated Total Reflection – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)], and physical properties (contact angle measurement and X-ray analysis). The results of the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties have shown that the 4% concentration was the best, which is recommended for strengthening fragile or weak archaeological bones.

在博物馆和挖掘地区发现的考古骨制品中，脆弱和无力是常见的退化形式。这些劣化是由不适当的环境条件造成的，如相对湿度和温度的波动、过度光照、空气污染、昆虫和微生物。本研究是先前研究的延续，旨在综合评估纳米聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯/丙烯酰胺）三元共聚物作为固化剂处理骨骼的力学、化学和物理性能，以确定其应用于脆弱考古骨骼的最佳浓度。在这项研究中，现代骨样品被制备并暴露于加速热老化。然后用不同浓度的三元共聚物溶液处理这些老化的骨头。评估了各种骨骼特性，包括机械性能（强度和硬度测试）、化学性能[pH测量、衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）]和物理性能（接触角测量和x射线分析）。机械、化学和物理性能的结果表明，4%的浓度是最好的，建议用于加固脆弱或脆弱的考古骨骼。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-element analysis of archaeological limestone artifacts: A data-level matrix correction approach 考古石灰岩文物的多元素分析：数据级矩阵校正方法

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.017

Üftade Muşkara , Sezgin Bakırdere , O. Yavuz Ataman

Elemental analysis of carbonate-rich heritage materials is often subject to strong matrix effects caused by high calcium content, which can lead to systematic underestimation of some major and trace elements, including rare earth elements (REEs), by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. This study develops a practical analytical strategy tailored to archaeological limestone artifacts, combining microwave-assisted digestion with a data-level, element-specific matrix correction based on certified reference materials (CRMs). Concentrations obtained by external calibration were empirically adjusted using correction factors derived from the ratio of standard addition to external calibration results for the CRMs NIST 1d and NCS DC 73306. This approach brought all determined element concentrations into statistical agreement with the certified values. The workflow was applied to 69 limestone figurines from the Emecik Apollo Sanctuary (Türkiye) that were previously attributed to Cypriot sources. After matrix correction, multivariate statistical analysis of the major, trace, and REE data identified three distinct geochemical clusters, consistent with the exploitation of at least three Cypriot limestone formations. The method is minimally destructive, time- and cost-efficient, and suitable for large archaeological assemblages, providing more accurate compositional data that support reliable provenance interpretations and establish a solid geochemical basis for reconstructing raw material procurement strategies for limestone votive figurines in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean.

富碳酸盐遗产材料的元素分析往往受到高钙含量引起的强基质效应的影响，这可能导致ICP-OES和ICP-MS对一些主要和微量元素（包括稀土元素）的系统性低估。本研究开发了一种针对考古石灰石文物的实用分析策略，将微波辅助消解与基于认证参考物质（crm）的数据级元素特定矩阵校正相结合。外部校准获得的浓度使用标准添加量与外部校准结果之比得出的校正因子对crm NIST 1d和NCS DC 73306进行经验性调整。这种方法使所有确定的元素浓度在统计上与认证值一致。该工作流程应用于Emecik Apollo Sanctuary （t rkiye）的69个石灰石雕像，这些雕像以前被认为是塞浦路斯的来源。经过矩阵校正，对主要、痕量和稀土元素数据进行多元统计分析，确定了三个不同的地球化学簇，与至少三个塞浦路斯石灰岩地层的开采相一致。该方法具有破坏性最小、时间和成本效益高、适合大型考古组合的特点，可提供更准确的成分数据，支持可靠的物源解释，并为重建古地中海东部石灰岩祭祀雕像的原材料采购策略奠定坚实的地球化学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Time-series analysis of land use land cover change dynamics in Sukur Cultural Landscape, northeast Nigeria 尼日利亚东北部苏库尔文化景观土地利用、土地覆被变化动态的时序分析

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.010

Akinbowale Akintayo

This study investigates trends of land use land cover (lulc) change in Sukur Cultural Landscape (hereafter Sukur). Sukur is a World Heritage Site located in Madagali Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria which was inscribed into the World Heritage List in 1999. Twenty-five (25) years after, this study aims to assess landscape changes in the face of recent natural and anthropogenic threats. In December 2014, Sukur was ravaged by armed conflict by insurgents. Moreover, the negative impacts of climate change are evident in some of the cultural features that make up the cultural landscape. The study employed the use of earth observation data from Google Earth Pro to perform land use and land cover change analyses. Satellite image data were accessed using the time slider tool in Google Earth Pro to extract images for four epochs - 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2023. Seven land use land cover types (bare land, built-up, cropland, footpath, terrace, tree, and water) were identified in this study and Random Forest machine learning algorithm was utilized in QGIS using EnMAP plugin to classify each land use and cover class of interest. Accuracy assessments were computed from confusion matrix, user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. Change detection was then carried out using SCP plugin in QGIS to estimate how each land cover class changed for each epoch. The results of the analyses showed an expansion in built-up areas in all the epochs studied, reduction in vegetation between 2009 and 2014 and conversely, increase in cropland area through all the epochs which is attributable to anthropogenic factors of development and population growth. The main drivers of landscape change are increase in population, suburban development, lifestyle change and effect of climate change on the environment.

本研究探讨苏库尔文化景观（以下简称苏库尔）土地利用、土地覆被（lulc）变化趋势。苏库尔是一处世界遗产，位于尼日利亚阿达马瓦州马达加利地方政府区，于1999年被列入世界遗产名录。25年后，本研究旨在评估面对近期自然和人为威胁的景观变化。2014年12月，苏库尔遭到叛乱分子武装冲突的蹂躏。此外，气候变化的负面影响在构成文化景观的一些文化特征中表现得很明显。本研究利用谷歌earth Pro对地观测数据进行土地利用和土地覆盖变化分析。利用谷歌Earth Pro中的时间滑块工具获取卫星图像数据，提取2009年、2014年、2019年和2023年四个时期的图像。本研究确定了7种土地利用土地覆盖类型（裸地、建成区、耕地、人行道、梯田、树木和水域），并利用随机森林机器学习算法在QGIS中使用EnMAP插件对每个感兴趣的土地利用和覆盖类别进行分类。准确度评估由混淆矩阵、用户准确度、生产者准确度、总体准确度和kappa系数计算。然后使用QGIS中的SCP插件进行变化检测，以估计每个时期每个土地覆盖类别的变化情况。分析结果表明，2009 - 2014年各时期建成区面积均呈扩大趋势，植被面积呈减少趋势，耕地面积呈增加趋势，这主要归因于人为因素的发展和人口增长。人口增长、城郊发展、生活方式变化和气候变化对环境的影响是城市景观变化的主要驱动力。

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引用次数: 0

Digital holographic speckle pattern interferometry in support of ongoing conservation: the case of Giotto’s wall paintings in the Bardi Chapel, Florence 数字全息散斑图案干涉测量法支持正在进行的保护：佛罗伦萨巴蒂教堂乔托壁画的案例

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.009

Antonina Chaban , Vivi Tornari , Michalis Andrianakis , Maria Rosa Lanfranchi , Alessandra Rocco , Moira Bertasa , Jana Striova

Effective conservation begins with a deep understanding of an artwork’s structural condition before restoring the pictorial layer. This is especially important for multi-layered painted surfaces like wall paintings, where hidden issues must be carefully evaluated to ensure long-term preservation. An ongoing conservation campaign (2022–2025) is dedicated to preserving Giotto’s irreplaceable wall paintings in the Bardi Chapel, Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence (Italy). The project faces significant challenges due to gaps in detailed documentation regarding past restorations. Conservators and heritage scientists were called to assess the subsurface condition of the wall paintings and accurately distinguish areas requiring interventions of varying urgency. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted, incorporating advanced methodologies, including Digital Holographic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DHSPI). This paper focuses on advantages and challenges of the DHSPI, operated under both thermal excitation and natural conditions, for detecting critical subsurface defects and supporting the study of the restoration history of Giotto’s wall paintings. DHSPI enables revealing hidden micro-deformations and monitoring direct surface responses to environmental changes in a quantitative full-field real-time non-contact examination. Thus, it provides valuable insights into structural stability, invisible overlapping of detachments and cracks, hidden structured layers, and through defect propagation to trace the future deterioration risks. By incorporating DHSPI into an interdisciplinary diagnostic strategy, we demonstrate how this approach enhances conservation decision-making, supports informed and minimally invasive interventions, and, ultimately, contributes to the long-term preservation of Giotto’s unique wall paintings.

有效的保护始于对艺术品结构状况的深刻理解，然后再修复图像层。这对于像壁画这样的多层涂漆表面尤其重要，其中隐藏的问题必须仔细评估，以确保长期保存。一项正在进行的保护运动（2022-2025）致力于保护意大利佛罗伦萨圣十字大教堂巴尔迪教堂中乔托不可替代的壁画。由于缺乏关于过去修复的详细文件，该项目面临着重大挑战。文物保护人员和遗产科学家被要求评估壁画的地下状况，并准确区分需要不同紧急程度干预的区域。采用先进的方法，包括数字全息散斑干涉测量法（DHSPI），进行了全面的诊断检查。本文重点介绍了DHSPI在热激发和自然条件下工作的优势和挑战，用于检测关键的地下缺陷，并支持乔托壁画修复历史的研究。DHSPI能够揭示隐藏的微变形，并在定量的全场实时非接触检测中监测地表对环境变化的直接响应。因此，它提供了对结构稳定性、不可见的分离和裂缝重叠、隐藏的结构层以及通过缺陷传播来跟踪未来恶化风险的有价值的见解。通过将DHSPI纳入跨学科诊断策略，我们展示了这种方法如何提高保护决策，支持知情和微创干预，并最终有助于乔托独特壁画的长期保存。

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引用次数: 0

Virtual reconstruction on original color of color-faded painting on bronze mirrors supported by non-destructive spectroscopic techniques 基于无损光谱技术的铜镜褪色画原色虚拟重建

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.026

Xuening Wang , Youzhen Cai , Qinglin Ma , Fenghao Wen , Liang Qu , Linlin Li , Zhimin Li

Virtual reconstruction of color-faded painting on bronze mirrors relies on limited information. Existing techniques face significant difficulties in the recognition and reconstruction of missing patterns at both structural and iconographic levels. Painting on bronze in burial environments is prone to decay, fading, contamination, and corrosion, leading to defective areas. Reconstruction of patterns is crucial for archeology and art history. Moreover, the complex and irregular patterns of painting pose a further challenge. A method is proposed to resolve these issues. Concretely, pigment types, particle sizes, painting stratigraphy and technique were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy; these data were used to re-create the original color palette of the painting. The exact distribution of each pigment and the color patterns were ascertained by macroscopic X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging to re-create the line drawing. Digital coloring of the line drawing with palette values virtually reconstructs the original colors and appearance of the painting on the bronze mirrors under ideal conditions. The study demonstrates improvements in the faithful reproduction of the original colors on painted bronze and provides new perspectives for the study of painted bronzes.

铜镜褪色画的虚拟重建依赖于有限的信息。现有的技术在识别和重建结构和图像层面的缺失模式方面面临着重大困难。在埋葬的环境中，在青铜上绘画容易腐烂、褪色、污染和腐蚀，导致有缺陷的区域。图案的重建对考古学和艺术史至关重要。此外，绘画的复杂和不规则的图案构成了进一步的挑战。提出了一种解决这些问题的方法。具体而言，通过扫描电镜、能量色散光谱和拉曼光谱分析了颜料类型、粒度、绘画地层和技法；这些数据被用来重建这幅画的原始调色板。通过宏观x射线荧光光谱和高光谱成像确定了每种色素的确切分布和颜色模式，重新绘制了线条图。利用调色板值对线条画进行数字上色，在理想的条件下，无形中重建了铜镜上绘画的原始色彩和外观。该研究证明了彩绘青铜器在忠实再现原色方面的进步，为彩绘青铜器的研究提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogels for the cleaning of cultural heritage: A review of mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives 水凝胶用于文物清理：机理、应用和未来展望综述

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.009

Sheng Chen , Shangui Hu , Jinxiu Song , Tao Chen , Hanye Xing , Chun Kong

The preservation of cultural heritage is paramount for transmitting our culture, traditions, and ways of thinking and behaving to future generations. Cultural heritage stands as a testament to history, embodying the crystallization of human wisdom. Each artifact and work of art encapsulates information from a specific era. However, conventional cleaning methods often risk damaging cultural heritage during the removal of stains and repair of deterioration, potentially leading to irreversible losses. Hydrogels have garnered significant attention in this field due to their unique properties. As a novel cleaning material, hydrogels demonstrate distinct advantages in cultural heritage cleaning, owing to their gentle nature, strong adsorption capacity, and tunable characteristics. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the application of hydrogels in this domain. It elaborates on the features of various types of hydrogels, their cleaning mechanisms for different classes of cultural relics and artworks, practical application outcomes, benefits, and limitations, while also offering perspectives on future directions. The objective is to furnish systematic references for cultural heritage conservators and researchers, promote further application and development of hydrogels in heritage cleaning, and contribute to the long-term preservation of precious cultural heritage.

保护文化遗产对于将我们的文化、传统、思维方式和行为方式传递给后代至关重要。文化遗产是历史的见证，是人类智慧的结晶。每件艺术品都包含了一个特定时代的信息。然而，传统的清洁方法在清除污渍和修复退化的过程中往往有破坏文化遗产的风险，可能导致不可逆转的损失。水凝胶由于其独特的性质在这一领域引起了极大的关注。水凝胶作为一种新型的清洁材料，具有性质温和、吸附能力强、可调等特点，在文物清洗中具有明显的优势。本文综述了近年来水凝胶在该领域的应用进展。阐述了各类水凝胶的特点、对不同类别文物艺术品的清洗机理、实际应用结果、效益和局限性，并对未来的发展方向提出了展望。旨在为文物保护工作者和研究人员提供系统的参考，促进水凝胶在文物清洁中的进一步应用和发展，为珍贵文物的长期保存做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring varnish removal on a late 19th-century Vincent van Gogh painting using optical coherence tomography and reflection infrared spectroscopy 使用光学相干断层扫描和反射红外光谱监测19世纪晚期文森特·梵高画作上清漆的去除

IF 3.3 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.011

Julio M. del Hoyo-Meléndez , Magdalena Iwanicka , Piotr Targowski , Anna Klisińska-Kopacz , Anna Rygula , Małgorzata Chmielewska , Dominika Tarsińska-Petruk , Katarzyna Novljaković

Vincent van Gogh's painting, Country Huts Among Trees, was executed in 1883. The painting underwent restoration likely in the second half of the 20th century; however, the specifics of this treatment are not documented. The painting's state of preservation was thoroughly examined to inform a conservation treatment consisting of solvent cleaning to remove the unwanted varnish. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and reflection FTIR spectroscopy provided insight into the painting’s stratigraphy and identified surface layers across various regions. OCT revealed the presence of multiple varnish layers, while FTIR-ATR, Raman, and reflection FTIR spectroscopy allowed the identification of the upper varnish layer as an acrylic resin. The combined use of FTIR and OCT enabled a non-invasive, in situ assessment of solvent cleaning procedures aimed at the selective removal of the upper varnish layer. Analyses were performed during the cleaning tests to carefully assess the condition of the painted surface and the original varnish. The results of these cleaning tests informed and refined the varnish removal procedure during the restoration process.

文森特·梵高的画作《树中的乡村小屋》完成于1883年。这幅画可能在20世纪下半叶进行了修复；然而，这种治疗的细节没有记录。对这幅画的保存状态进行了彻底的检查，然后进行了一项包括溶剂清洗以去除不需要的清漆的保护处理。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和反射FTIR光谱学提供了对这幅画地层的深入了解，并确定了不同地区的表层。OCT显示存在多个清漆层，而FTIR- atr，拉曼和反射FTIR光谱允许识别上层清漆层为丙烯酸树脂。FTIR和OCT的结合使用可以对溶剂清洗过程进行非侵入性的原位评估，目的是选择性地去除上部清漆层。在清洁测试期间进行分析，以仔细评估涂漆表面和原始清漆的状况。这些清洁测试的结果为修复过程中的清漆去除程序提供了信息和改进。

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