Journal of community psychology最新文献

Behavior problems in young children, especially among families from disadvantaged backgrounds (e.g., facing greater risk of poverty, social exclusion, discrimination, and violence), often result in referrals to mental health clinics. However, low-income families from historically marginalized racial and ethnic backgrounds disproportionately experience barriers to accessing, engaging, and completing treatment. This study examined the recruitment and referral network of a parenting program providing Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in a large urban academic medical center and affiliated community-embedded clinics, as well as the impact of recruitment/referral sources on screening paperwork completion, intake attendance, and treatment completion. Data from 2510 families referred between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed, considering demographic factors and recruitment adaptations during COVID-19. Referral sources included but were not limited to community agencies, social media, and healthcare providers. Logistic regression analyses determined the likelihood of completing the screening paperwork, attending intake, and completing treatment based on recruitment/referral sources. Every recruitment/referral source increased the likelihood of screening paperwork completion (except community outreach). Every source increased the likelihood of attending intake (except previously enrolled families). Treatment completion was significantly more likely for those referred from pediatricians, friends, behavioral health, and Google. After COVID-19 (post March 2020), families were more likely to complete the screening paperwork, attend intake, and complete treatment compared to families screened before COVID-19. Effective recruitment and retention strategies are crucial for engaging families in mental health services. Findings emphasize the role of community and healthcare providers, word-of-mouth, and Google and the benefits of telehealth (indicated by post-COVID-19 results), in improving treatment access and retention, highlighting the need for flexible service delivery methods.

Aims

Knowledge about unaccompanied women experiencing homelessness in the US remains scant. This study used a feminization of homelessness framework to compare time that unaccompanied women and men spent in the coordinated entry system (US process for housing service prioritization and allocation) based on reasons for entering homelessness.

Methods

Bivariate tests and negative binomial models were run using data for persons within one southern U.S. community in 2022 (N = 3,258).

Results

Women spent 232 mean days less in the system than men, and more entered homelessness due to unaffordable housing, eviction, and domestic violence; men entered due to institutional discharge, substance abuse, or job loss. For women, domestic violence predicted less time; substance abuse or being Black predicted more. For men, job loss, mental illness, being Black, or having a disability predicted longer time.

Conclusion

Results underscore the benefits of women-centered trauma-responsive housing, and prioritizing job training and mental healthcare for men. Universally, structural inequalities and racial discrimination are the backdrop of unaccompanied homelessness.

Social safety theory suggests that individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic groups or sexual and gender diverse (SGD) groups are exposed to multilevel and interacting stressors, which can set the stage for adverse health outcomes. Using a social safety framework, we examine interactions between discrimination and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health outcomes and how these interactions may differ by race and ethnicity or SGD status among young adults. An online survey with 2287 young adults (mean age = 25.8 years; 55.5% female) assessed ACEs and interpersonal discrimination and sleep quality, problematic alcohol or cannabis use, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Linear regression analyses tested interactions between ACEs and discrimination in relation to the outcomes among the overall sample and stratified by race and ethnicity or SGD status. In the overall sample, there was one significant interaction between ACEs and discrimination, such that those experiencing both greater exposure to ACEs and greater discrimination reported higher PTSD scores. Race-stratified models showed that among people of color experiencing high levels of ACEs, greater discrimination was associated with greater PTSD scores. SGD-stratified models showed that for problematic alcohol use and PTSD there was a significant interaction between ACEs and discrimination only among non-SGD participants. Consistent with social safety theory, findings highlight the potential health consequences of experiencing both discrimination and childhood adverse experiences. Intervention efforts are needed to help young people increase coping skills and other strategies to promote resilience when experiencing major life stressors.

Social capital provides information and resources to help immigrant parents navigate social structures and support their families' well-being (Bankston, 2014; Serrano-Villar et al., 2017; Surkan et al., 2023). This study explored how unique components of structural and relational social capital influenced Latina immigrant mothers' ability to navigate social structures and support their children's education. Conducted within the context of a bilingual preschool that primarily serves Latine immigrant families, this study utilized social network analysis and survey data to examine the effects of mothers' structural and relational social capital. Findings suggested unique effects of Latina immigrant mothers' direct and indirect connections, and that their development of structural and relational social capital influenced their navigational support, parenting self-efficacy, and educational involvement. These results support community-focused programming that connects Latina immigrant mothers to one another, promoting the exchange of social and cultural assets to benefit their children and families.