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Peripheral Voices in Easterine Kire’s A Terrible Matriarchy and Bitter Wormwood 伊斯特琳·基尔的《可怕的母权制》和《苦艾草》中的外围声音
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4739
Sharmistha Purkayastha, R. Shirley Fernando
The Northeast of India has hardly received any attention till recent times due to administrative and political negligence by the centre, which has led to the marginalization of the various groups of people residing in the region. Northeast has become one of India’s post-independent others like many other subaltern groups within the nation. Given the history of violence and insurgency from different pockets of the region, the people from mainland India have grossly misunderstood the tribal people of Northeast and have not made any attempt to comprehend their lives and culture. The literature from this region, with a rich history of oral tradition among many diverse communities inhabiting the Northeast, is attempting to become an instrument to depict the experiences of the people and at the same time provide a platform to the dissenting voices from the region. This paper proposes to explore the peripheral voices of the Naga people protesting against the social ills administered by the Centre that have affected their harmonious living in the society. Easterine Kire in her novels A Terrible Matriarchy and Bitter Wormwood exhibits how the Naga people living in the periphery are discriminated by the centre and what impact it has on their lives.
由于中央的行政和政治疏忽,印度东北部直到最近才得到任何关注,导致居住在该地区的各种群体被边缘化。东北地区已经成为印度独立后的其他地区之一,就像印度国内许多其他次等群体一样。鉴于该地区不同地区的暴力和叛乱历史,来自印度大陆的人严重误解了东北的部落人民,没有尝试去理解他们的生活和文化。这个地区的文学,在东北许多不同的社区中有着丰富的口头传统历史,正试图成为描绘人民经历的工具,同时也为该地区的不同声音提供了一个平台。本文旨在探讨纳迦人对中央政府管理的社会弊病的抗议,这些弊病影响了他们在社会中的和谐生活。伊斯特琳·基尔在她的小说《可怕的母权制》和《苦艾草》中展示了生活在边缘的那迦人如何受到中心的歧视,以及这对他们的生活产生了什么影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Serfdom of Women Portrayed by Margaret Atwoodin The Handmaid’s Tale 玛格丽特·阿特伍德笔下女性的农奴制《使女的故事
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4725
J. Delicea Jasmine
The aim of this paper The Handmaid’s Tale is to scrutinize issues. As there is plenty of traditional feminist critique of male power structures in Atwood’s works, The Handmaid’s Tale argues the power structure of Gilead also analyses the feminine roles that support and allow the suppression of other women. Placing the novel in the contexts of Atwood’s career, feminism, and dystopian literature, provides a fuller understanding of how the novel functions as an expression of the divergence of women. Margaret Atwood focuses on the problems such as gender equality and the dangers of a hierarchical- structured system for women’s oppression. Her focal point is to mention the subservience of women in a male-dominated society and women’s enslavement in a consumer society in which women’s body is handled as object, an instrument and also as adorable item. Margaret Atwood is one of the foremost vivid writers in current Canadian literature. She has vigorously contributed to Canadian politics and its cause. Her works are mostly associated with social and political issues. She contemplates the relation between men and ladies and human basic rights. the topic of gender is the author’s major concern. She depicts the ladies in her novels that always search for their identity which is lost within the male-controlled societies. Oppression of ladies is another theme for her novels and it may be seen evidently in her writings. She encounters the lower position of girls in society. Atwood’s images of gender, the mistreatment and coercion of ladies, predominantly women’s bodies. She signifies the misery of her female characters limited in their feminine roles in her novels. Moreover, femininity is the main fear for examining The Handmaid’s Tale. In Gilead society, women are depressed about their freedom and ordered to serve the state in numerous ways and functions.
《使女的故事》这篇论文的目的是审视问题。正如阿特伍德的作品中有大量传统女权主义对男性权力结构的批判一样,《使女的故事》认为,基列的权力结构也分析了支持和允许压制其他女性的女性角色。把这部小说放在阿特伍德的职业生涯、女权主义和反乌托邦文学的背景下,可以更全面地理解这部小说是如何表达女性的分歧的。玛格丽特·阿特伍德关注性别平等等问题以及等级制度对妇女压迫的危险。她的重点是提到女性在男性主导的社会中的屈从,以及女性在消费社会中的奴役,在消费社会中,女性的身体被当作物品、工具和可爱的物品来处理。玛格丽特·阿特伍德是当代加拿大文学史上最生动的作家之一。她为加拿大政治及其事业做出了积极贡献。她的作品大多与社会和政治问题有关。她思考男女之间的关系和人的基本权利。性别问题是作者主要关心的问题。在她的小说中,女性总是在寻找自己在男性控制的社会中迷失的身份。对女性的压迫是她小说的另一个主题,这在她的作品中可以明显地看到。她遇到了女孩在社会上较低的地位。阿特伍德的性别形象,对女性的虐待和胁迫,主要是女性的身体。在她的小说中,她表达了女性角色局限的痛苦。此外,女性化是检视《使女的故事》的主要恐惧。在基列社会中,女性对自己的自由感到沮丧,并被命令以各种方式和职能为国家服务。
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引用次数: 0
An Inquist Study on Sufferings of Dalit in Bama’s Karukku 奥巴马《卡鲁库》中达利特苦难的调查研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4728
PD Mary Portia
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引用次数: 0
Predicament of Identity in Kamala Markandeya’s The Golden Honeycomb 卡玛拉·马坎迪亚《金色蜂巢》中的身份困境
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4730
M. Vinoth, Binu Anitha Joseph
Kamala Markandaya is one of the best of contemporary Indian novelists. Her novels are remarkable for their wide range of experience. She has been most successful and impressive, in dealing with the problems of the educated middle class. She has a gift in particular for delineating the self-imposed laceration of the dissatisfied. Women in the novels of Kamala Markandaya are the victims of social and economic pressures and disparities. However, they raise above all these and cross the barriers of discrimination only for the larger concepts of universal love and concord. Indeed, their vitality, both physical and emotional is appreciable. Markandaya’s characters belong to the different strata of society viz., peasants, and middle class educated women as well as from the royal families. Nevertheless the common thread in all her women characters is that the quest for autonomy for the self, coupled with nurturance for the family They also confront with several obstacles emerging mainly from the irregularities in the social system along with economic difficulties. They develop a mature vision of life when they grapple with these forces. Though the desire of autonomy and nurturance leads to disillusionment at every stage, the women characters remain form without losing courage. Kamala Markandaya’s women are in search of something positive. She portrays a gloomy scenario of Indian life due to changes in social, economic and political spheres. She believes that togetherness and mutual understanding can create a meaningful existence for mankind. The paper attempts to throw light on the identity crisis of the women characters in The Golden Honeycomb.
卡玛拉·玛坎达亚是当代印度最优秀的小说家之一。她的小说以其丰富的经历而著称。在处理受过良好教育的中产阶级的问题上,她做得最为成功,也最令人印象深刻。她特别擅长描绘不满者的自我伤害。Kamala Markandaya小说中的女性是社会和经济压力和不平等的受害者。然而,他们超越所有这些,跨越歧视的障碍,只是为了普遍的爱与和谐这一更大的概念。的确,他们的活力,无论是身体上还是情感上,都是值得赞赏的。马克坎达亚笔下的人物属于不同的社会阶层,既有农民,也有中产阶级受过教育的女性,也有来自王室的女性。然而,她所有女性角色的共同主线是追求自我的自主,以及对家庭的养育,她们也面临着一些障碍,这些障碍主要来自社会制度的不规范以及经济困难。当他们与这些力量搏斗时,他们会发展出一种成熟的人生观。虽然每个阶段对自主和养育的渴望都导致了幻灭,但女性角色仍然保持着形态,并没有失去勇气。卡玛拉·玛坎达亚的女性们在寻找积极的东西。由于社会、经济和政治领域的变化,她描绘了印度人生活的阴郁景象。她相信团结和相互理解可以为人类创造一个有意义的存在。本文试图揭示《金蜂巢》中女性角色的身份危机。
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引用次数: 0
Issues of Gender Identity Formation with Reference to ‘Funny Boy’ by Shyam Selvadurai 从希亚姆·塞尔瓦杜莱的《滑稽男孩》看性别认同形成的问题
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4717
Fr Carlos Luis SAC
There is always a struggle to accept the difference one feels in oneself as far as gender is concerned. Because society conceptualizes the terms as per the arising needs. Not just conceptualizes but generates possibilities to how one should behave as a particular gender, which then stereotypes a gender. The developments in this regard take time to percolate into the minds of the people in society. Less of a discussion leads to less acceptance of anything different from the normally accepted binary. This paper analyses this process that an individual goes through trying to understand one’s gender, the difficult situations that one has to go through while one displays one’s gender. Arjie struggles to understand himself in the first place. Arjie only through and at various stages of his life understands himself and without taking the effort to convince others, lives his life. The process of convincing others would anyway lead to a dead end. At the time when Shyam Selvadurai wrote and published the novel i.e. 1994, society wasn’t ready to learn about different genders or sexuality for that matter. Therefore, this novel stood apart and won Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction. Shyam Selvadurai presents Sri Lanka and its slow but steady Sinhala-Tamil tensions leading up to the 1993 riots. So alongside the character, Arjie had to deal with his ethnic identity and sexual identity which wasn’t easy for Arjie. The paper also presents the psychological development especially during the process of his ‘coming out’ and the ‘invitation in.’
就性别而言,人们总是很难接受自己的差异。因为社会根据不断出现的需求将这些术语概念化。不仅概念化,而且产生了一个人作为特定性别应该如何表现的可能性,然后对性别进行刻板印象。这方面的发展需要时间才能渗透到社会人民的思想中。较少的讨论导致较少接受任何与通常接受的二进制不同的东西。本文分析了一个人试图理解自己性别的过程,一个人在展示自己性别时必须经历的困难情况。Arjie首先努力了解自己。Arjie只有在他生命的各个阶段了解自己,而不需要努力说服别人,过着自己的生活。说服别人的过程无论如何都是死路一条。在希亚姆·塞尔瓦杜莱(Shyam Selvadurai)写作并出版这部小说的时候,也就是1994年,社会还没有准备好了解不同的性别或性取向。因此,这部小说脱颖而出,获得了拉姆达文学奖的同性恋小说。希亚姆·塞尔瓦杜莱介绍了斯里兰卡及其缓慢但稳定的僧伽罗-泰米尔紧张关系,最终导致了1993年的骚乱。因此,除了角色之外,Arjie还必须处理他的种族身份和性别身份,这对Arjie来说并不容易。文章还介绍了他在“走出去”和“邀请进来”过程中的心理发展。
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引用次数: 0
Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger: Precursor Narrative of Upcoming Unicorns in India under Globalization Aravind Adiga的《白虎:全球化下印度即将到来的独角兽的先兆》
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4722
R. Mamata
India in the turn of the millennium has encountered with liberalization, globalization and privatization subsequently resulting in paradigm shift encompassing all activities along with trade and commerce. This transnational and transcultural phenomenon has brought to India advanced technologies with economic opportunities to provide talented and hardworking minds to grow by new exposure and unbiased platforms whicheventually proved boon to the victims of restricted stratified society. To the parallel of legacy of family business, ran the entrepreneurship aspirations by many newcomers in the field to claim the share in emerging economy which had witnessed drastic change with the arrival of greater ideas and dreams. Aravind Adiga’s Man Booker awardee novel The White Tiger, published in 2008 has encapsulated the nuances of globalized contemporary society and foreseen the trend of entrepreneurships and surge of startups to change the scenario to great extent in near future. The protagonist of the narrative, Balram Halwai, a village boy from Bihar emerges as a successful entrepreneur in the cosmopolitan and global backdrop of Bengaluru; the silicon valley of India. The IT/BT revolution in India post-Y2K has strengthened its socioeconomic status in global forum. Recently India has displaced the UK and occupied third positionnext to the USA and China in terms of the number of unicorns created in 2021. This paper attempts to analyse the dynamics of globalizationas a paradigm shift as portrayed in The White Tiger.
印度在千禧年之交遇到了自由化、全球化和私有化,随后导致了包括贸易和商业在内的所有活动的范式转变。这种跨国和跨文化的现象给印度带来了先进的技术和经济机会,为有才华和勤奋的人提供了新的机会和公正的平台,最终证明这对受限制的分层社会的受害者是有利的。与家族企业的遗产相似,许多新进入该领域的人都渴望在新兴经济体中占有一席之地,随着更伟大的思想和梦想的到来,新兴经济体发生了巨大的变化。阿拉文德·阿迪加2008年出版的布克奖获奖小说《白虎》,概括了当代全球化社会的细微差别,并预见了在不久的将来,企业家精神和创业公司的激增将在很大程度上改变这种情况。故事的主角巴尔拉姆·哈尔瓦伊(Balram Halwai)是一个来自比哈尔邦的乡村男孩,在班加罗尔的国际化和全球化背景下成为一名成功的企业家;印度的硅谷。千年虫后印度的IT/BT革命加强了其在全球论坛上的社会经济地位。最近,就2021年创造的独角兽公司数量而言,印度已经取代英国,仅次于美国和中国,排名第三。本文试图分析全球化作为《白虎》中所描绘的一种范式转变的动态。
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引用次数: 0
The Representation of Unattainable Love in T.S Pillai’s Chemmeen 皮莱《化学》中对难以企及的爱情的表现
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10is1-jan2022.4734
T. Manickam, K. Nagarathinam
This paper clearly focuses on The Representation of Unattainable love in T.S Pillai’s Chemmeen. Chemmeen is one of the celebrated works in Indian Literature. He is known as Malayalam novelist and Short story writer. His novels and short stories mostly focused on oppressed classes of Kerala in the mid twentieth century. Chemmeen is translated by Anita Nair from Malayalam into English in 2011. The author portrays Karuthamma and Pareekutty as lovers in the novel. The pitiable lovers of the novel are playing a vital role in the novel. They struggle a lot to express their love each other. They don’t even express their love through words but through eyes, they speak a lot. The lovers love to speak and spend time with one another. Both of them are unable to reach the destination of marriage. The tradition, customs and society are the major reasons of the unattainable love of Karuthamma and Pareekutty. They are unable to hide their love from one another when problem occurs. The author clearly presents happiness and pain of the lovers. Further, the writer describes their suffering in life without their loved one. The protagonist belongs to the fisher community. Her lover is known as Muslim trader. As per the customs of fisher community, a fisher woman should not maintain a relationship with a man belonging to another community.
本文着重研究皮莱小说《化学》中“难以企及的爱”的表现。《Chemmeen》是印度文学史上著名的作品之一。他是著名的马拉雅拉姆小说家和短篇小说作家。他的长篇和短篇小说主要关注20世纪中期喀拉拉邦的被压迫阶级。《Chemmeen》于2011年由Anita Nair从马拉雅拉姆语翻译成英语。作者在小说中将Karuthamma和Pareekutty描绘成恋人。小说中可怜的恋人在小说中扮演着至关重要的角色。他们很努力地表达彼此的爱。他们甚至不用语言来表达他们的爱,但通过眼睛,他们说了很多。这对恋人喜欢交谈,喜欢花时间在一起。他们都无法到达婚姻的目的地。传统、习俗和社会是造成无法达到的羯摩和羯摩之爱的主要原因。当问题发生时,他们无法向对方隐藏他们的爱。作者清晰地展现了恋人的幸福和痛苦。此外,作者描述了他们失去亲人的痛苦生活。主人公属于渔民社区。她的情人被称为穆斯林商人。根据渔民社区的习俗,渔民妇女不应该与属于另一个社区的男子保持关系。
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引用次数: 0
Labour in Wonder Woman: A Marxist Feminist Reading 《神奇女侠》中的劳动:马克思主义女权主义解读
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10i1.4428
J. Murugesan
An Amazonian Goddess who was raised a warrior set in World War I, screams the impact of Marxism. Wonder Women (2017), produced by DC, has a nominal heroine who seems like an icon of Feminism but is instead the opposite in close observation. Though the character seems vigorously empowered, she is reduced to a commodity in the clutches of capitalism. Wonder Woman’s labour was tried to fit into the domestic sphere. This paper would explore the film from the focal lenses of Marxist Feminism. The investigative questions revolve around ‘cheap labour,’ ‘reserve labour,’ and ‘reproduction.’ Also, the marginalized status of other proletariats is examined. How the character becomes a target of capitalism by pushing her into the domestic sphere and objectification is the paper’s primary concern. The paper would use a qualitative approach to achieve the desired result. The analysis will be a subjective judgment based on the film text. The characters’ cognitive behavior and the surrounding are a central element that will be explored through the narrative analysis. The research methodology will employ conceptualization and qualitative design and methodology.
在第一次世界大战中被养育为战士的亚马逊女神尖叫着马克思主义的影响。DC公司出品的《神奇女侠》(2017)名义上的女主角似乎是女权主义的象征,但仔细观察却恰恰相反。虽然这个角色似乎被赋予了强大的力量,但她在资本主义的魔爪下沦为了一种商品。神奇女侠的劳动是为了适应家庭生活。本文将从马克思主义女性主义的焦点镜头来探讨这部电影。调查问题围绕着“廉价劳动力”、“储备劳动力”和“再生产”展开。同时,对其他无产阶级的边缘化地位也进行了考察。该角色如何通过将其推向家庭领域和物化而成为资本主义的目标是本文的主要关注点。本文将采用定性的方法来达到预期的结果。分析将是基于电影文本的主观判断。人物的认知行为和周围环境是通过叙事分析来探索的中心元素。研究方法将采用概念化和定性设计和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Men’s Spiritual Vacuity and Inefficacy in Eliot’s Poem The Hollow Men 艾略特诗歌《空心人》中人的精神空虚与无能
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10i1.4252
L. Sharma
The Hollow Men by Eliot is a widely read poem which is structured of five sections. These sections deal with a group of hollow men unable to communicate with one another, a hollow man who is afraid to look at others directly, the barren land where they cannot fulfill their desire, their unwillingness to look at others and to be looked at by them,and finally a nursery rhyme which they can’t recite completely respectively. They are unable to think, create, respond and act because of the shadow that falls in between them.This article primarily explores men’s spiritual vacuity and inefficacy in this poem. It is an episodic free verse poem which reflects the poet’s pessimistic vision towards the human life and the present world. The poet presents the men as effigies which lack human efficiency and the world as a dead cactus land lacking the spring of blooms and joys. It reflects the conditions and contexts of modern men through divergent allusions. Men feel helpless and lonely despite being in a group, find no senses and meanings in spite of their assertions, realize their inefficiency and inability despite their sound health and certificates, feel unfortunate and miserable in spite of their material advancement and wealth, and find death in their lives despite being alive.
艾略特的《空心人》是一首被广泛阅读的诗,它由五个部分组成。这些章节分别讲述了一群无法交流的空心人,一个不敢直视别人的空心人,他们无法满足自己欲望的贫瘠土地,他们不愿意看别人也不愿意被别人看,最后是一首他们各自都背不完的童谣。他们无法思考、创造、回应和行动,因为他们之间的阴影。本文主要探讨这首诗中人的精神空虚与无能。这是一首抒情诗,反映了诗人对人生和现世的悲观看法。诗人把这些人描绘成缺乏人性效率的人像,把世界描绘成一个没有鲜花和欢乐的春天的死仙人掌之地。它通过不同的典故反映了现代人的状况和语境。男人虽在群体中,却感到无助和孤独;虽有主张,却找不到意义和意义;虽有健康和证书,却意识到自己的低效和无能;虽有物质进步和财富,却感到不幸和悲惨;虽有生命,却感到死亡。
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引用次数: 1
Subject-Verb Relation in North Dravidian Language 北德拉威语的主谓关系
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.34293/english.v10i1.4315
Anup Kumar Kujur
The main objective is to highlight some of the distinctive features pertaining to agreement phenomenon and language structure in Kisan. It is a agglutinative language having nominative-accusative case markings. The characteristics of an agglutinative language has gradually beenconverged with those of analytic language like Hindi and Odia which are the dominant languages of the region.
本文的主要目的是强调一些与Kisan语的一致现象和语言结构有关的独特特征。它是一种带有主宾格标记的黏着语言。黏着语的特征逐渐与印地语和奥迪亚语等分析语言的特征融合,这些语言是该地区的主导语言。
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引用次数: 0
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Shanlax International Journal of English
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