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Magnesium as a potential complementary treatment for ADHD - a review of recent literature 镁作为治疗多动症的潜在辅助疗法--最新文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50663
Karolina Smykiewicz, Aneta Michalczewska, Natalia Wierzejska, Magdalena Pach, Agnieszka Nowak, Agnieszka Fugas, Zuzanna Chmielowiec, Alicja Partyka, Mariola Dziedzic, Justyna Dobrzańska
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental mental disorder affecting an estimated 7.2% of children and adolescents, and 2.5% of adults. It manifests primarily through inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Multimodal treatment approaches are recommended, addressing the psychological, behavioral, vocational, and educational needs of patients and their families. Conventional therapies include pharmacologic interventions (e.g., psychostimulants) and non-pharmacologic strategies (e.g., psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy). The ongoing search for novel treatment options focuses on improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ADHD symptomatology. Nutritional interventions with vitamins and minerals are emerging as potential complementary or adjunctive therapies.   This review summarizes recent literature (past 5 years) on the relationship between magnesium and ADHD, encompassing observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses.  Evidence from recent publications suggests that children with ADHD have reduced magnesium levels and that magnesium supplementation improves symptoms. However, these studies do not definitively establish the exact cause-and-effect relationship between magnesium and ADHD. Current data are insufficient to recommend magnesium for routine ADHD treatment. High-quality, large-scale, and long-term studies are necessary to definitively understand the magnesium-ADHD link and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy. These studies should define optimal doses, forms, and duration of supplementation for safe and effective clinical use. 
注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)是一种比较常见的神经发育性精神障碍,估计有 7.2% 的儿童和青少年以及 2.5% 的成年人患有此病。它主要表现为注意力不集中、冲动和多动。建议采用多模式治疗方法,满足患者及其家人在心理、行为、职业和教育方面的需求。传统疗法包括药物干预(如精神刺激剂)和非药物策略(如心理疗法、认知行为疗法)。目前正在寻找新的治疗方案,重点是改善认知功能、心理健康和多动症症状。维生素和矿物质营养干预正在成为潜在的补充或辅助疗法。 本综述总结了近期(过去五年)有关镁与多动症关系的文献,包括观察性研究、干预性试验和荟萃分析。 近期出版物中的证据表明,多动症儿童体内镁含量降低,而补充镁可改善症状。然而,这些研究并未明确确定镁与多动症之间的确切因果关系。目前的数据不足以推荐将镁用于常规多动症治疗。有必要进行高质量、大规模和长期的研究,以明确了解镁与多动症之间的联系,并评估镁补充剂作为辅助疗法的有效性和安全性。这些研究应确定最佳的补充剂量、形式和持续时间,以便在临床上安全有效地使用。
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引用次数: 0
The Benefits of Ice Baths on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after high intensity training 冰浴对高强度训练后迟发性肌肉酸痛的益处
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49169
Marta Rutkowska, Mateusz Bieńko, Tomasz Król, Michalina Toborek, Magdalena Marchaj, Karolina Korta, Anna Putra, Natalia Niedziela, Mikołaj Margas
Introduction:In the field of sports and exercise science researchers are exploring methods to enhance recovery after training sessions. One popular approach that has gained attention is the use of ice baths.Purpose:This review examines how ice baths impact muscle recovery time following high intensity workouts looking at both the effects and practical considerations with a focus, on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The PubMed database was used in this study. A literature review was conducted using the keywords: “cold water”, “muscle regeneration”, “muscle soreness”, “DOMS” and “ice bathing”.State of Knowledge:Ice baths have been found to trigger vasoconstriction reduce inflammation and alleviate muscle soreness. However, their effectiveness in reducing exercise-induced inflammation and muscle soreness remains uncertain. The impact on DOMS varies among individuals due to factors like genetics, age, gender and health conditions. This variability highlights the challenges of incorporating ice baths into workout recovery routines.Summary:The use of ice baths in post-exercise recovery presents a complex landscape with diverse physiological responses and variable outcomes. While practical guidelines exist for the application of ice baths in high-intensity training, debates persist regarding their efficacy on DOMS compared to active recovery. While ice baths are incorporated into holistic recovery strategies conflicting research casts doubt on their standalone effectiveness prompting further exploration of how they complement other recovery methods. Moreover, potential drawbacks and conflicting evidence regarding their influence on long-term training adaptations raise questions about the overall costs and benefits.
引言:在运动和锻炼科学领域,研究人员正在探索如何加强训练后的恢复。目的:这篇综述探讨了冰浴如何影响高强度训练后的肌肉恢复时间,重点关注延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)的效果和实际考虑因素。本研究使用了 PubMed 数据库。使用关键词进行了文献综述:"知识现状:研究发现,冰浴可引发血管收缩,减轻炎症反应,缓解肌肉酸痛。然而,冰浴在减少运动引起的炎症和肌肉酸痛方面的效果仍不确定。由于遗传、年龄、性别和健康状况等因素,冰浴对 DOMS 的影响因人而异。摘要:冰浴在运动后恢复中的应用是一个复杂的过程,会产生不同的生理反应和不同的结果。虽然冰浴在高强度训练中的应用已有实用指南,但与积极恢复相比,冰浴对 DOMS 的疗效仍存在争议。虽然冰浴被纳入了整体恢复策略,但相互矛盾的研究结果使人们对其单独使用的有效性产生了怀疑,这促使人们进一步探索冰浴如何与其他恢复方法相辅相成。此外,关于冰浴对长期训练适应性影响的潜在缺点和相互矛盾的证据,也引发了对冰浴整体成本和效益的质疑。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview of Modern Strategies for Treating Obesity 现代肥胖症治疗策略概述
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49506
Aleksandra Jędrasek, Marta Barg, Julia Biały-Karbowniczek, Agata Bartela, Klaudia Wojtyła
Introduction: In the last few years, obesity has become a central issue with more than 2.6 billion people worldwide being overweight or obese. While the risks associated with this condition and its rising significance are widely known, the effect of this attention on screening and treatment remains unsatisfying. This paper explores multiple treatment strategies and evaluates their effectiveness in preventing obesity-related complications.   Review methods: We conducted our study as a literature review, with data being gathered via PubMed and Embase.  The state of knowledge: Physical activity, behavioral therapy, and proper nutrition remain the foundation for obesity therapy. However, in many cases these approaches are insufficient. Recently, there has been a dynamic development of bariatric surgery and new drugs, which in comparison to lifestyle modification, result in better long-term results and improved quality of life. New surgery procedures, such as sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding, have shown to be one of the most effective but still carry a risk of complications. As an alternative pharmacotherapy could be considered with currently used medications including liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, phentermine-topiramate, orlistat, and bupropion-naltrexone.   Conclusions: Growing treatment options allow physicians to choose more targeted approaches, based on the patient’s risk factors, overall health status, and compliance.
导言:过去几年,肥胖症已成为一个核心问题,全球有超过 26 亿人超重或肥胖。尽管肥胖症的相关风险及其日益凸显的重要性已广为人知,但人们对其筛查和治疗的关注效果仍不尽如人意。本文探讨了多种治疗策略,并评估了它们在预防肥胖相关并发症方面的效果。 综述方法:我们以文献综述的形式进行研究,通过 PubMed 和 Embase 收集数据。 知识现状:体育锻炼、行为疗法和适当的营养仍然是肥胖症治疗的基础。然而,在很多情况下,这些方法都是不够的。最近,减肥手术和新药物得到了蓬勃发展,与改变生活方式相比,它们能带来更好的长期效果和生活质量。袖带胃切除术和可调节胃束带术等新的手术方法已被证明是最有效的方法之一,但仍有并发症的风险。作为替代方案,可考虑使用药物疗法,目前使用的药物包括利拉鲁肽、赛马鲁肽、替泽帕肽、芬特明-托吡酯、奥利司他和安非他酮-纳曲酮。 结论越来越多的治疗方案允许医生根据患者的风险因素、整体健康状况和依从性选择更有针对性的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Platelet-rich plasma as a new treatment method in orthopedics 富血小板血浆作为骨科的一种新治疗方法
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49195
Aleksandra Janocha, Aneta Jerzak, Anna Hitnarowicz, Bożena Kmak, Anna Szot, Agnieszka Pociecha
Introduction and purposePlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy represents a technology designed to enhance tissue repair by locally administering one's own bioactive agents, aiming to influence physiological processes like inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Recently, the use of PRP therapy has become a subject of discussion in the orthopedic field. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms, contemporary applications, clinical evidence, safety aspects, and potential future advancements of PRP in orthopedic treatment. Research has documented the efficacy of PRP injections in achieving full regeneration and enabling a comeback to competitive sports. PRP injections could serve as a viable alternative treatment for individuals with lateral tendonitis when compared to surgery. Further research investigating the impact of PRP on the bone healing process following a fracture is warranted. Materials and methods The methodology for conducting literature search involved utilizing medical subject headings terms to explore PubMed. Search terms included: "plasma-rich therapy", "tendinopathy",  "injury" " articular cartilage ", "bone fracture " ConclusionsResearch at different evidence levels has shown that PRP is safe and has beneficial effects in above uses. Due to the autologous nature of the therapy, side effects are minimal. In the majority of cases, PRP therapy alleviates pain sensations in both short- and long-term observations, facilitating a faster return to daily functionality. However, additional randomized, controlled clinical trials are anticipated to be conducted in the future. Progressing further necessitates the standardization of methods for preparing plasma and procedures for its application.
导言和目的富血小板血浆(PRP)疗法是一种通过局部注射自身生物活性物质来加强组织修复的技术,旨在影响炎症、血管生成和细胞外基质合成等生理过程。最近,PRP疗法的使用已成为骨科领域的一个讨论主题。本综述全面探讨了 PRP 在骨科治疗中的机制、当代应用、临床证据、安全性以及未来的潜在发展。研究证明,注射 PRP 能有效实现全面再生,使患者重返竞技体育。与手术相比,PRP 注射可作为患有外侧肌腱炎患者的一种可行的替代治疗方法。有必要进一步研究 PRP 对骨折后骨愈合过程的影响。材料和方法 文献检索的方法包括利用医学主题词来搜索 PubMed。搜索关键词包括"富血浆疗法"、"肌腱病"、"损伤"、"关节软骨"、"骨折" 结论不同证据级别的研究表明,PRP 是安全的,在上述用途中具有有益的效果。由于该疗法的自体性质,副作用极小。在大多数情况下,PRP疗法在短期和长期观察中都能减轻疼痛感,有助于更快地恢复日常功能。不过,预计未来还将进行更多的随机对照临床试验。要取得进一步进展,就必须对制备血浆的方法及其应用程序进行标准化。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative use of the cough drug - N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: a review of recent clinical trials 在精神病学中替代使用止咳药--N-乙酰半胱氨酸:近期临床试验综述
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49397
Joanna Cieszkowska, Marta Czubala, Julia Czerwik, Joanna Dmochowska
Introduction and purposeN-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the more popular drugs, widely available in pharmacies, used to treat wet cough. NAC's diverse mechanism of action has drawn the attention of researchers for its great potential in the treatment of many conditions. Indeed, it has been noted that administration of NAC allows indirect modulation of the central nervous system, which may be important in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The following review focuses on recent reports of NAC's potentially beneficial effects on psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction.Description of the state of knowledgeBased on studies conducted on animals (rats), a positive effect of NAC has been proven, observing a reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms. Based on the above data, more and more human studies are being conducted, where the effect of NAC on the symptoms of various mental conditions is being investigated. In recent years, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotransmitter function modulating effects of NAC on the brain have been proven, with significant potential in the treatment of mental illness.ConclusionsThe potential impact of NAC on the treatment of mental illness is a rapidly developing topic in recent years. On the basis of available scientific data, partial reduction of symptoms of mental illnesses through the use of NAC has been confirmed. It is a very promising drug, which in this indication requires additional studies to unequivocally confirm its beneficial effects on the functioning of the central nervous system.
引言和目的N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)是一种较受欢迎的药物,在药店广泛出售,用于治疗湿咳。NAC 的作用机制多种多样,在治疗多种疾病方面具有巨大潜力,因此引起了研究人员的关注。事实上,有研究指出,服用 NAC 可以间接调节中枢神经系统,这对治疗精神疾病可能非常重要。以下综述将重点介绍最近有关 NAC 对抑郁症、精神分裂症、强迫症和成瘾等精神疾病的潜在有益作用的报道。知识现状描述根据对动物(大鼠)的研究,NAC 的积极作用已得到证实,观察到抑郁症状的严重程度有所减轻。基于上述数据,越来越多的人体研究正在进行,其中包括 NAC 对各种精神症状的影响。近年来,NAC 对大脑的抗氧化、抗炎和神经递质功能调节作用已得到证实,在治疗精神疾病方面具有巨大潜力。根据现有的科学数据,使用 NAC 可以部分减轻精神疾病的症状已得到证实。这是一种非常有前途的药物,在这一适应症方面还需要更多的研究来明确证实它对中枢神经系统功能的有益影响。
{"title":"Alternative use of the cough drug - N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: a review of recent clinical trials","authors":"Joanna Cieszkowska, Marta Czubala, Julia Czerwik, Joanna Dmochowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49397","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose\u0000N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the more popular drugs, widely available in pharmacies, used to treat wet cough. NAC's diverse mechanism of action has drawn the attention of researchers for its great potential in the treatment of many conditions. Indeed, it has been noted that administration of NAC allows indirect modulation of the central nervous system, which may be important in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The following review focuses on recent reports of NAC's potentially beneficial effects on psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction.\u0000Description of the state of knowledge\u0000Based on studies conducted on animals (rats), a positive effect of NAC has been proven, observing a reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms. Based on the above data, more and more human studies are being conducted, where the effect of NAC on the symptoms of various mental conditions is being investigated. In recent years, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotransmitter function modulating effects of NAC on the brain have been proven, with significant potential in the treatment of mental illness.\u0000Conclusions\u0000The potential impact of NAC on the treatment of mental illness is a rapidly developing topic in recent years. On the basis of available scientific data, partial reduction of symptoms of mental illnesses through the use of NAC has been confirmed. It is a very promising drug, which in this indication requires additional studies to unequivocally confirm its beneficial effects on the functioning of the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"120 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differentiation and management 神经紧张性恶性综合征--病理生理学、临床表现、鉴别和处理回顾
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49175
Karolina Strus, Magdalena Madera, Natalia Dąbrowska, Sylwia Mazur, Roksana Zdunek, Agata Mazur, Emilia Nagórska, Krzysztof Marcinkowski, Aleksy Bizan, Aleksandra Kublińska
Introduction and purpose: The number of invented and produced medications has increased over recent years. Besides their positive impact on health, they invariably provide various kinds of side effects. This review is focused on malignant neuroleptic syndrome, a rare condition with no fully confirmed pathogenesis, which at least partially can be explained as an adverse effect of blocking dopamine receptors. Even though it usually affects psychiatric or neurological patients, doctors of all medical specializations should stay alert, as the condition can often lead to premature death. Brief description of knowledge: The main symptoms associated with NMS are hypertonia, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability and altered consciousness. They can appear in any configuration, sometimes followed by less characteristic manifestations. It should be primarily differentiated from serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperpyrexia and catatonia, mostly through the interview of those who have taken medications and undergone surgeries, as there are not any specific lab tests available. Fundamental treatment methods consist of neuroleptic withdrawal, intensive supportive care, drug administration and eventually ECT.  Summary: NMS is an uncommon, severe disease that should be carefully considered in patients treated with neuroleptics. Due to its rarity and sudden onset, it appears to be problematic to conduct widespread research and studies, so there are still no concrete, consistent and unquestioned guidelines on recognizing and treating the condition. 
简介和目的:近年来,发明和生产的药物数量不断增加。这些药物除了对健康产生积极影响外,还不可避免地产生各种副作用。恶性神经安定综合征是一种罕见的疾病,其发病机制尚未完全确定,但至少可以部分地解释为阻断多巴胺受体的不良反应。尽管恶性神经安定综合征通常会影响精神科或神经科患者,但所有医学专业的医生都应保持警惕,因为这种疾病通常会导致患者过早死亡。知识简介:与 NMS 相关的主要症状是张力亢进、高热、自主神经不稳定和意识改变。这些症状可以以任何形式出现,有时还会出现一些特征性较弱的表现。由于没有特异性的实验室检测方法,主要应通过询问那些服用过药物和接受过手术的患者,将其与血清素综合征、恶性高热和紧张症区分开来。基本治疗方法包括神经安定剂停药、强化支持护理、给药以及最终的电痉挛疗法。 总结:NMS 是一种不常见的严重疾病,使用神经安定药物治疗的患者应慎重考虑。由于其罕见性和突发性,开展广泛的调查和研究似乎存在问题,因此在识别和治疗这种疾病方面仍然没有具体、一致和毋庸置疑的指导方针。
{"title":"Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differentiation and management","authors":"Karolina Strus, Magdalena Madera, Natalia Dąbrowska, Sylwia Mazur, Roksana Zdunek, Agata Mazur, Emilia Nagórska, Krzysztof Marcinkowski, Aleksy Bizan, Aleksandra Kublińska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49175","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose: The number of invented and produced medications has increased over recent years. Besides their positive impact on health, they invariably provide various kinds of side effects. This review is focused on malignant neuroleptic syndrome, a rare condition with no fully confirmed pathogenesis, which at least partially can be explained as an adverse effect of blocking dopamine receptors. Even though it usually affects psychiatric or neurological patients, doctors of all medical specializations should stay alert, as the condition can often lead to premature death. \u0000Brief description of knowledge: The main symptoms associated with NMS are hypertonia, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability and altered consciousness. They can appear in any configuration, sometimes followed by less characteristic manifestations. It should be primarily differentiated from serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperpyrexia and catatonia, mostly through the interview of those who have taken medications and undergone surgeries, as there are not any specific lab tests available. Fundamental treatment methods consist of neuroleptic withdrawal, intensive supportive care, drug administration and eventually ECT.  \u0000Summary: NMS is an uncommon, severe disease that should be carefully considered in patients treated with neuroleptics. Due to its rarity and sudden onset, it appears to be problematic to conduct widespread research and studies, so there are still no concrete, consistent and unquestioned guidelines on recognizing and treating the condition. ","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"102 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - literature review 小檗碱治疗 2 型糖尿病--文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49000
Aleksandra Mazurek, Mateusz Pawlicki, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Bartosz Mazur, Kamila Turek, Maciej Lambach, Anna Gregułą, Aleksandra Kłos, Wiktoria Wilanowska
Introduction and purpose :  Type 2 diabetes is currently a serious problem worldwide. Each year, the number of individuals with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is increasing. This is due to an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of physical activity, and a diet rich in highly processed foods. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes is based on the use of oral antidiabetic medications, with the first choice often being a derivative of biguanides, such as metformin. Berberine has been used in China for many years as a hypoglycemic agent, and its efficacy is compared to metformin preparations. This paper focuses on the benefits of using berberine in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and compares the effects of berberine preparations to classical medications used in diabetes treatment.    Material and methods :   The literaue was reviewed in PubMed and Google Scholar scientific database in 2013-2023 using the following keywords : berberine, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia, hyperglicemia    Conclusions :  The studies included in this manuscript have shown that berberine is a promising agent for adjunctive treatment in type 2 diabetes. It exhibits a range of positive effects such as lowering blood glucose levels, improving lipid profile, with no serious adverse effects reported. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and develop an effective treatment plan. 
导言和目的:2 型糖尿病是目前全球范围内的一个严重问题。每年,患有碳水化合物代谢紊乱的人数都在增加。这是由于不健康的生活方式、缺乏体育锻炼以及饮食中富含高度加工食品造成的。目前,2 型糖尿病的治疗主要依靠口服抗糖尿病药物,首选药物通常是双胍类药物的衍生物,如二甲双胍。小檗碱作为降糖药在中国已使用多年,其疗效可与二甲双胍制剂进行比较。本文重点探讨了小檗碱对糖尿病前期或 2 型糖尿病患者的益处,并比较了小檗碱制剂与治疗糖尿病的传统药物的疗效。 材料和方法:2013-2023 年,在 PubMed 和谷歌学术科学数据库中查阅了相关文献,关键词为:小檗碱、2 型糖尿病、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症: 本手稿中的研究表明,小檗碱是一种很有前景的 2 型糖尿病辅助治疗药物。它具有一系列积极作用,如降低血糖水平、改善血脂状况,且无严重不良反应报告。然而,要证实这些发现并制定有效的治疗方案,还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - literature review","authors":"Aleksandra Mazurek, Mateusz Pawlicki, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Bartosz Mazur, Kamila Turek, Maciej Lambach, Anna Gregułą, Aleksandra Kłos, Wiktoria Wilanowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49000","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose :  \u0000Type 2 diabetes is currently a serious problem worldwide. Each year, the number of individuals with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is increasing. This is due to an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of physical activity, and a diet rich in highly processed foods. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes is based on the use of oral antidiabetic medications, with the first choice often being a derivative of biguanides, such as metformin. Berberine has been used in China for many years as a hypoglycemic agent, and its efficacy is compared to metformin preparations. This paper focuses on the benefits of using berberine in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and compares the effects of berberine preparations to classical medications used in diabetes treatment.  \u0000  \u0000Material and methods :   \u0000The literaue was reviewed in PubMed and Google Scholar scientific database in 2013-2023 using the following keywords : berberine, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia, hyperglicemia    \u0000Conclusions :  \u0000The studies included in this manuscript have shown that berberine is a promising agent for adjunctive treatment in type 2 diabetes. It exhibits a range of positive effects such as lowering blood glucose levels, improving lipid profile, with no serious adverse effects reported. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and develop an effective treatment plan. ","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"108 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current approach to diagnosing and treating necrotizing fasciitis 目前诊断和治疗坏死性筋膜炎的方法
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49189
Łukasz Ciulkiewicz, Paulina Kryszpin, Piotr Jachimowski, Maciej Pełka, Anna Kania, Justyna Fijałkowska
Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is an infrequent yet highly fatal bacterial infection characterized by widespread necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous fat tissue. Though initial symptoms resemble typical infection, necrotizing fasciitis progresses rapidly triggering acute phase response. Individuals with advanced age, chronically ill, immunocompromised, or abusing alcohol are especially susceptible to developing necrotizing fasciitis. In order to reduce mortality, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are indispensable. Aim of the Study: Aim of this study is through evaluating existing literature to outline the contemporary diagnostic strategies and emerging therapy options for necrotizing fasciitis. Description of the State of Knowledge: Primary diagnostic methods involve clinical evaluation and surgical exploration, complemented by fresh frozen sections for rapid diagnosis and the finger test. Diagnostic imaging incorporates the use of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultrasound. The treatment is mostly centered around surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. Therapies that display potential efficacy include low-dose radiotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the use of intact fish skin grafts for tissue reconstruction after successful treatment. The emerging approach includes therapy targeting systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis induced coagulopathy and critical illness related corticosteroid insufficiency.  Conclusions: The management of necrotizing fasciitis primarily depends on traditional methods. Fast identification and proper treatment are pivotal in reducing the mortality rate. Recognizing the significance of addressing the acute phase response in necrotizing fasciitis treatment introduces new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. Further research is vital to evaluate the existing approaches to necrotizing fasciitis management and explore new diagnoistic and therapeutic alternatives.
简介坏死性筋膜炎是一种不常见但非常致命的细菌感染,其特点是筋膜和皮下脂肪组织广泛坏死。虽然初期症状与典型感染相似,但坏死性筋膜炎进展迅速,会引发急性期反应。高龄、长期患病、免疫力低下或酗酒者尤其容易患坏死性筋膜炎。为了降低死亡率,早期诊断和适当治疗是必不可少的。研究目的本研究旨在通过评估现有文献,概述坏死性筋膜炎的现代诊断策略和新兴治疗方案。 知识现状描述:主要诊断方法包括临床评估和手术探查,辅以用于快速诊断的新鲜冷冻切片和手指试验。诊断成像包括使用磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描和超声波。治疗主要以手术清创和抗生素治疗为主。具有潜在疗效的疗法包括低剂量放射治疗、高压氧治疗,以及在成功治疗后使用完整的鱼皮移植进行组织重建。新出现的方法包括针对全身炎症反应综合征、败血症诱发的凝血病和与危重病相关的皮质类固醇不足的治疗。 结论坏死性筋膜炎的治疗主要依靠传统方法。快速识别和正确治疗是降低死亡率的关键。认识到急性期反应在坏死性筋膜炎治疗中的重要性,为治疗干预带来了新的可能性。进一步的研究对于评估现有的坏死性筋膜炎治疗方法以及探索新的诊断和治疗方法至关重要。
{"title":"Current approach to diagnosing and treating necrotizing fasciitis","authors":"Łukasz Ciulkiewicz, Paulina Kryszpin, Piotr Jachimowski, Maciej Pełka, Anna Kania, Justyna Fijałkowska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is an infrequent yet highly fatal bacterial infection characterized by widespread necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous fat tissue. Though initial symptoms resemble typical infection, necrotizing fasciitis progresses rapidly triggering acute phase response. Individuals with advanced age, chronically ill, immunocompromised, or abusing alcohol are especially susceptible to developing necrotizing fasciitis. In order to reduce mortality, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are indispensable. \u0000Aim of the Study: Aim of this study is through evaluating existing literature to outline the contemporary diagnostic strategies and emerging therapy options for necrotizing fasciitis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Description of the State of Knowledge: Primary diagnostic methods involve clinical evaluation and surgical exploration, complemented by fresh frozen sections for rapid diagnosis and the finger test. Diagnostic imaging incorporates the use of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultrasound. The treatment is mostly centered around surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. Therapies that display potential efficacy include low-dose radiotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the use of intact fish skin grafts for tissue reconstruction after successful treatment. The emerging approach includes therapy targeting systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis induced coagulopathy and critical illness related corticosteroid insufficiency. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Conclusions: The management of necrotizing fasciitis primarily depends on traditional methods. Fast identification and proper treatment are pivotal in reducing the mortality rate. Recognizing the significance of addressing the acute phase response in necrotizing fasciitis treatment introduces new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. Further research is vital to evaluate the existing approaches to necrotizing fasciitis management and explore new diagnoistic and therapeutic alternatives. \u0000","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"115 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in statin-intolerant patients - review 治疗他汀类药物不耐受患者高脂血症的新药--综述
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49406
Wojciech Płonka, Marcin Pelc, Gracjan Sitarek, Marta Żerek, Monika Bułatowicz, Joanna Liber, Krzysztof Banach, Damian Chruścicki, Aleksandra Pławiak
IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are the most numerous group of diseases prevalent in the world. They are a challenge for many health systems, in terms of keeping life comfortable and also economics. The cause of selected disease entities is too much cholesterol in the blood. The most popular treatment for hypercholesterolemia is based on statins. Many patients are affected by intolerance to these drugs, so an important issue is the discovery and improvement of alternatives to statins.Purpose of workThe purpose of this review is to collect literature data on the latest treatments for hypercholesterolemia with drugs other than statins and ezetimibe.Materials and methodsMaterials are from a review of recent literature available in PubMed. To search for articles, we used keywords such as: bempedoic acid, non-statin therapy, cardiovascular risk, inclisiran, alirocumab, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, evolocumab.SummaryTreatment of hypercholesterolemia with statins remains the most popular management strategy. Intolerance to treatment with these drugs creates serious clinical problems for patients. Recently, we could see the emergence of new drugs as alternatives to statins. As the results show, the new drugs can effectively replace statins in the hypolipemic treatment especially of patients who cannot be treated with them.
导言心血管疾病是世界上发病率最高的一组疾病。无论是在保证生活舒适度方面,还是在经济方面,心血管疾病都是许多医疗系统面临的挑战。导致某些疾病的原因是血液中胆固醇过高。高胆固醇血症最常用的治疗方法是他汀类药物。本综述旨在收集有关他汀类药物和依泽替米贝以外的药物治疗高胆固醇血症最新方法的文献资料。在搜索文章时,我们使用了以下关键词:贝美多酸、非他汀类药物疗法、心血管风险、clisiran、alirocumab、心血管疾病、血脂异常、evolocumab.摘要使用他汀类药物治疗高胆固醇血症仍然是最流行的治疗策略。对这些药物的不耐受性给患者带来了严重的临床问题。最近,我们可以看到作为他汀类药物替代品的新药不断涌现。研究结果表明,新药可以有效替代他汀类药物治疗高胆固醇血症,尤其是那些不能使用他汀类药物治疗的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Cariprazine: An Antipsychotic Medication with High Therapeutic Potential 卡哌嗪:极具治疗潜力的抗精神病药物
Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.49405
Wiktoria Wilanowska, Anna Gregułą, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Justyna Matuszewska, Bartosz Mazur, Kamila Babkiewicz-Jahn, Izabela Oleksak, Iwona Welian-Polus, Kamila Turek
Introduction and purposeCariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic drug approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, as well as manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. It functions as a dopamine multifunctional agent, a partial agonist at dopamine and serotonin receptors. Unlike the majority of antipsychotics, which primarily target positive symptoms through dopaminergic antagonism, often neglecting negative, cognitive, and affective symptoms, the unique cariprazine's pharmacological profile, particularly potent blockade of D3 dopamine receptors, suggests the potential for numerous clinical applications. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge of cariprazine, focusing particularly on its mechanism of action, potential applications, adverse effects, and pharmacokinetic properties that could impact its clinical use.Methods and materialsA review of the literature available in the PubMed database was performed using the key words: cariprazine; atypical antipsychotic drug; antipsychotic medication; schizophrenia treatment; bipolar disorder treatment; mania treatment; depression treatment, dopamine agonist.ConclusionsCariprazine demonstrates a unique pharmacological profile, offering potential benefits in managing a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (mania, depression, mixed episodes), unipolar depression, and co-occurring substance use disorders. Clinical studies have shown efficacy in reducing symptoms and improving negative and cognitive function, with a favorable metabolic profile, minimal impact on cardiovascular system, and generally mild adverse effect profile. However, further research is necessary to explore its full therapeutic potential and optimize its clinical use in diverse patient populations.
简介和目的卡利普嗪是一种非典型抗精神病药物,已被批准用于治疗精神分裂症以及与双相情感障碍相关的躁狂和混合发作。它是一种多巴胺多功能药,是多巴胺和血清素受体的部分激动剂。大多数抗精神病药物主要通过多巴胺能拮抗作用针对阳性症状,而往往忽视了阴性、认知和情感症状,而卡普拉嗪与之不同,其独特的药理特性,尤其是对 D3 多巴胺受体的强效阻断作用,表明它具有大量临床应用的潜力。本研究的目的是介绍目前有关卡培拉嗪的知识,尤其侧重于其作用机制、潜在应用、不良反应以及可能影响其临床应用的药代动力学特性。方法和材料以卡培拉嗪、非典型抗精神病药物、抗精神病药物、精神分裂症治疗、双相情感障碍治疗、躁狂症治疗、抑郁症治疗、多巴胺受体激动剂为关键词,对PubMed数据库中的文献进行了综述。结论卡利普嗪具有独特的药理特征,可用于治疗多种精神疾病,包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍(躁狂症、抑郁症、混合发作)、单相抑郁症和并发药物使用障碍。临床研究表明,该药物在减轻症状、改善阴性和认知功能方面具有疗效,而且代谢状况良好,对心血管系统的影响极小,不良反应一般较轻。然而,要充分挖掘其治疗潜力并优化其在不同患者群体中的临床应用,还需要进一步的研究。
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Journal of Education, Health and Sport
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