Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51099
Barbara Rękas, Wojciech Mazurek, Monika Stradczuk, Łukasz Mazurek, Barbara Kruczyk, Mateusz Piętak, Marcelina Gniot
Introduction and purpose Dry eye disease is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. It is a multifactorial disease that contributes to symptoms impairing daily functioning. Dry eye syndrome occurs in up to half of the population. Therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary. The state of knowledge One of the most common causes is meibomian gland dysfunction, which leads to impaired homeostasis and easy evaporation of tears. Environmental factors such as air pollution and stimulants also influence the occurrence of dry eye syndrome. All these factors lead to bothersome symptoms such as impaired visual acuity, itching, pain or burning. Patients also complain of a feeling of sand under the eyelids or photophobia. These patients' diagnoses are based mainly on history and ophthalmologic examination. Also, the Schirmer test or fluorescein staining can be used. It is essential to quickly apply treatment, which is mainly based on Artificial tears. Artificial tears are primarily a symptomatic treatment, while they are first-line therapy. In addition, treatment can include serum drops, anti-inflammatory drugs, or supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 acids. Summary Dry eye disease affects many people, especially the elderly. Symptoms may impair normal functioning. Untreated dry eye syndrome can also lead to many complications. Therefore, a proper diagnosis, primarily based on a basic ophthalmological examination, and individually tailored treatment are necessary. New treatment methods are described in the literature, and they seem to be promising.
{"title":"Dry eye disease as a common ocular disorder – current knowledge and management","authors":"Barbara Rękas, Wojciech Mazurek, Monika Stradczuk, Łukasz Mazurek, Barbara Kruczyk, Mateusz Piętak, Marcelina Gniot","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51099","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose \u0000Dry eye disease is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. It is a multifactorial disease that contributes to symptoms impairing daily functioning. Dry eye syndrome occurs in up to half of the population. Therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary. \u0000The state of knowledge \u0000One of the most common causes is meibomian gland dysfunction, which leads to impaired homeostasis and easy evaporation of tears. Environmental factors such as air pollution and stimulants also influence the occurrence of dry eye syndrome. All these factors lead to bothersome symptoms such as impaired visual acuity, itching, pain or burning. Patients also complain of a feeling of sand under the eyelids or photophobia. These patients' diagnoses are based mainly on history and ophthalmologic examination. Also, the Schirmer test or fluorescein staining can be used. It is essential to quickly apply treatment, which is mainly based on Artificial tears. Artificial tears are primarily a symptomatic treatment, while they are first-line therapy. In addition, treatment can include serum drops, anti-inflammatory drugs, or supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 acids. \u0000Summary \u0000Dry eye disease affects many people, especially the elderly. Symptoms may impair normal functioning. Untreated dry eye syndrome can also lead to many complications. Therefore, a proper diagnosis, primarily based on a basic ophthalmological examination, and individually tailored treatment are necessary. New treatment methods are described in the literature, and they seem to be promising.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50884
Barbara Rękas, Monika Stradczuk, Wojciech Mazurek, Łukasz Mazurek, Mateusz Piętak, Barbara Kruczyk, Marcelina Gniot
Introduction and purpose Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, especially in adolescents. The etiology of acne is complex, and many factors influence the formation of lesions. Local inflammation, a proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, hormonal influences with particular importance of androgens, hyperkeratinization, and excessive sebum production are essential in the pathogenesis. The factors stimulating these processes are complex and not always clear. Therefore, in our work, we focused on investigating the connection between a high-glycemic diet and the formation of acne lesions. The state of knowledge The link between diet and acne has been only mentioned in the literature for many years. However, the development of science has made it possible to understand the exact pathogenesis of acne and the relationship of acne lesions to specific dietary components. Of all the diet products, a high glycemic index diet stands out as the one with the most significant impact. Foods with a high glycemic index, i.e. those with a high amount of simple sugars, through an increase in the expression of factors such as insulin, IGF-1 cause excessive sebum production in the sebaceous glands and even an increase in inflammatory infiltration, which further exacerbates acne lesions. In the following review paper, we have looked at the metabolic pathways and hormonal changes that link the consumption of high glycemic index foods to the formation of acne lesions and described several original papers that unequivocally demonstrate the critical role of this diet on acne formation. Summary Based on the literature, we emphasize that in acne treatment, it is necessary not only to focus on medications but, above all, to look at the patient holistically, modifying the lifestyle with particular importance on modifying the patient's diet by lowering its glycemic index.
{"title":"How eating sweets affects the skin – the impact of high glycemic index diet on acne formation: A review","authors":"Barbara Rękas, Monika Stradczuk, Wojciech Mazurek, Łukasz Mazurek, Mateusz Piętak, Barbara Kruczyk, Marcelina Gniot","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50884","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose \u0000Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, especially in adolescents. The etiology of acne is complex, and many factors influence the formation of lesions. Local inflammation, a proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, hormonal influences with particular importance of androgens, hyperkeratinization, and excessive sebum production are essential in the pathogenesis. The factors stimulating these processes are complex and not always clear. Therefore, in our work, we focused on investigating the connection between a high-glycemic diet and the formation of acne lesions. \u0000The state of knowledge \u0000The link between diet and acne has been only mentioned in the literature for many years. However, the development of science has made it possible to understand the exact pathogenesis of acne and the relationship of acne lesions to specific dietary components. Of all the diet products, a high glycemic index diet stands out as the one with the most significant impact. Foods with a high glycemic index, i.e. those with a high amount of simple sugars, through an increase in the expression of factors such as insulin, IGF-1 cause excessive sebum production in the sebaceous glands and even an increase in inflammatory infiltration, which further exacerbates acne lesions. In the following review paper, we have looked at the metabolic pathways and hormonal changes that link the consumption of high glycemic index foods to the formation of acne lesions and described several original papers that unequivocally demonstrate the critical role of this diet on acne formation. \u0000Summary \u0000Based on the literature, we emphasize that in acne treatment, it is necessary not only to focus on medications but, above all, to look at the patient holistically, modifying the lifestyle with particular importance on modifying the patient's diet by lowering its glycemic index.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"109 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49913
Aleksandra Pich-Czekierda, Zuzanna Kotowicz, Patrycja Proszowska, Adrianna Orzeł, Daria Sieniawska, Magda Madoń, Julia Sieniawska
Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease involving peripheral arthritis, spondylitis, dactylitis (inflammation of the whole digit) and enthesitis. It is a disease equally prevalent in both genders. Psoriatic arthritis coexists with several conditions, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease. The reciprocal effects of comorbidities with psoriatic arthritis are demonstrated by recent research. There are several risk factors associated with the condition that might hasten or worsen its symptoms. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of the research that has been done on comorbidities and risk factors for psoriatic arthritis. With an emphasis on changeable elements that might impact the disease's progression, the goal is to illustrate the multifaceted nature of psoriatic arthritis. The intention is also to highlight comorbidities that need to be considered while treating a patient with the illness. Materials and methods: An analysis of papers available in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the following key words: psoriatic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and lifestyle, psoriatic arthritis and comorbidities, psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular risk, psoriatic arthritis and gastrointestinal diseases, psoriatic arthritis and physical activity, psoriatic arthritis and diet, psoriatic arthritis and alcohol, psoriatic arthritis and smoking. Conclusions: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease that affects many areas of patients' lives. It is critical to consider the connections that exist between this illness and other comorbidities. In order to provide a patient with this ailment with the best care possible, variables that might exacerbate the illness's progression must also be taken into consideration. Patients' mental health should get particular attention, and lifestyle modifications should be promoted.
导言银屑病关节炎是一种慢性疾病，包括外周关节炎、脊椎炎、趾关节炎（整个手指发炎）和趾关节炎。这种疾病在男女中同样普遍。银屑病关节炎与多种疾病并存，包括代谢综合征、肥胖、心血管疾病、炎症性肠病和肝病。最近的研究表明，银屑病关节炎的合并症具有相互影响的作用。与银屑病关节炎相关的一些风险因素可能会加速或加重其症状。研究目的：本文旨在对银屑病关节炎的合并症和风险因素的研究进行全面分析。本文将重点放在可能影响病情发展的可变因素上，旨在说明银屑病关节炎的多面性。此外，还希望强调在治疗银屑病患者时需要考虑的合并症。材料与方法：使用以下关键词对 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上的论文进行了分析：银屑病关节炎、银屑病关节炎与生活方式、银屑病关节炎与合并症、银屑病关节炎与心血管风险、银屑病关节炎与胃肠道疾病、银屑病关节炎与体育锻炼、银屑病关节炎与饮食、银屑病关节炎与饮酒、银屑病关节炎与吸烟。结论银屑病关节炎是一种慢性疾病，影响患者生活的方方面面。考虑这种疾病与其他合并症之间的联系至关重要。为了尽可能为患者提供最好的治疗，还必须考虑到可能加剧病情发展的各种变量。应特别关注患者的心理健康，并促进其改变生活方式。
{"title":"Risk factors and comorbidities for psoriatic arthritis. Literature review","authors":"Aleksandra Pich-Czekierda, Zuzanna Kotowicz, Patrycja Proszowska, Adrianna Orzeł, Daria Sieniawska, Magda Madoń, Julia Sieniawska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49913","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \u0000Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease involving peripheral arthritis, spondylitis, dactylitis (inflammation of the whole digit) and enthesitis. It is a disease equally prevalent in both genders. Psoriatic arthritis coexists with several conditions, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease. The reciprocal effects of comorbidities with psoriatic arthritis are demonstrated by recent research. There are several risk factors associated with the condition that might hasten or worsen its symptoms. \u0000Aim of the Study: \u0000The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of the research that has been done on comorbidities and risk factors for psoriatic arthritis. With an emphasis on changeable elements that might impact the disease's progression, the goal is to illustrate the multifaceted nature of psoriatic arthritis. The intention is also to highlight comorbidities that need to be considered while treating a patient with the illness. \u0000Materials and methods: \u0000An analysis of papers available in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the following key words: psoriatic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and lifestyle, psoriatic arthritis and comorbidities, psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular risk, psoriatic arthritis and gastrointestinal diseases, psoriatic arthritis and physical activity, psoriatic arthritis and diet, psoriatic arthritis and alcohol, psoriatic arthritis and smoking. \u0000Conclusions: \u0000Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease that affects many areas of patients' lives. It is critical to consider the connections that exist between this illness and other comorbidities. In order to provide a patient with this ailment with the best care possible, variables that might exacerbate the illness's progression must also be taken into consideration. Patients' mental health should get particular attention, and lifestyle modifications should be promoted.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast-feeding offers plenty of benefits for both infants and mothers, however, most studies have mostly been concerned with the health of infants. As far as infants are concerned, breastfeeding is associated with nutritional advantages and a reduced risk of acute otitis media, atopic dermatitis, gastrointestinal infections, lower respiratory tract diseases, asthma, obesity, sudden infant death syndrome or even childhood leukemia. The health outcomes of the breastfeeding mother include reduced risk for breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer are well documented. In our article we will focus on the impact of breast-feeding on lowering the risk of diabetes mellitus in mothers.
{"title":"Breastfeeding and Maternal Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review","authors":"Agnieszka Fugas, Magdalena Pach, Natalia Wierzejska, Aneta Michalczewska, Agnieszka Nowak, Zuzanna Chmielowiec, Alicja Partyka, Mariola Dziedzic, Karolina Smykiewicz, Justyna Dobrzańska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50176","url":null,"abstract":"Breast-feeding offers plenty of benefits for both infants and mothers, however, most studies have mostly been concerned with the health of infants. \u0000As far as infants are concerned, breastfeeding is associated with nutritional advantages and a reduced risk of acute otitis media, atopic dermatitis, gastrointestinal infections, lower respiratory tract diseases, asthma, obesity, sudden infant death syndrome or even childhood leukemia. \u0000The health outcomes of the breastfeeding mother include reduced risk for breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer are well documented. \u0000In our article we will focus on the impact of breast-feeding on lowering the risk of diabetes mellitus in mothers.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49539
Klaudia Warzycka, Karolina Maliszewska, Kinga Woźniak, Monika Gardian-Baj, Magdalena Jung, Patryk Hedesz, Maximilian Jung, Aleksandra Doryń, Krystian Jędral, Aleksandra Włodarczyk, Alicja Szczerbiak
Introduction: Anticoagulants have been discovered and developed over past 100 years. At the beginning unfractionated heparin found its applications, just later to fade into the background of newer and more effective drugs. Patients have been treated with more progressive medications – Low-Molecule-Weight Heparin (LMWH), Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) and Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC). As for today, deemed a turning point in anticoagulant therapy are inhibitors of factor XI. It is a ground-breaking innovation as it ensures high prevention of thrombotic episodes and guarantees intact physiological hemostasis.Current State of Knowledge: The coagulation cascade and molecules part taking in that have been discovered and described extensively and in detail. Unfractionated heparin is the oldest out of all and despite its simple action mechanism and adverse effects, is still a requested drug. Its lighter form, low-molecule-weight-heparin (LMWH) is an enhancement to the previous treatment due to its higher bioavailability and fewer side effects. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are widely spread in medical environment thanks to their expanded mechanism of action, oral administration and reversibility of their overdose, as well as their well-developed anti-side effect therapy. Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) have been introduced to the market about 10 years ago. In spite of NOACs short period of clinical use, they were a huge change to the previous treating methods. Currently, the newest innovation in anticoagulant therapy are inhibitors of factor XI and its clinical trials outcome is promising for the future.Summary: The present article discusses history of anticoagulant drugs, their mechanism of action and usage but also focuses on the recent perspectives and developments as new anticoagulant drugs are being put to the test in therapeutic trials. The review underlines the importance of improvements in old therapeutic methods and exploring the new, more suitable ones.
简介过去 100 年来，抗凝剂不断被发现和开发。起初，非分叶肝素（unfractionated heparin）被广泛应用，但后来逐渐被更新、更有效的药物所取代。患者一直在接受更先进的药物治疗--低分子肝素（LMWH）、维生素 K 拮抗剂（VKA）和新型口服抗凝剂（NOAC）。如今，被视为抗凝疗法转折点的是因子 XI 抑制剂。这是一项突破性创新，因为它能确保高度预防血栓发作，并保证完整的生理止血：凝血级联和参与凝血级联的分子已被广泛发现和详细描述。非减量肝素是所有药物中历史最悠久的一种，尽管其作用机制简单且有不良反应，但仍是一种常用药物。其较轻的形式--低分子重量肝素（LMWH）由于生物利用度高、副作用少，在以前的治疗基础上得到了加强。维生素 K 拮抗剂（VKA）因其作用机制更广、口服给药、过量可逆以及完善的抗副作用疗法而在医疗环境中广泛使用。新型口服抗凝药（NOACs）大约在 10 年前进入市场。尽管新型口服抗凝剂的临床应用时间不长，但它却极大地改变了以往的治疗方法。目前，抗凝疗法的最新创新是因子 XI 抑制剂，其临床试验结果令人对未来充满希望。摘要：本文讨论了抗凝药物的历史、作用机制和用法，但也重点关注了近期的前景和发展，因为新的抗凝药物正在治疗试验中接受考验。这篇综述强调了改进旧治疗方法和探索更合适的新方法的重要性。
{"title":"Anticoagulants - The Past, The Present, The Future - A Systematic Review","authors":"Klaudia Warzycka, Karolina Maliszewska, Kinga Woźniak, Monika Gardian-Baj, Magdalena Jung, Patryk Hedesz, Maximilian Jung, Aleksandra Doryń, Krystian Jędral, Aleksandra Włodarczyk, Alicja Szczerbiak","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.49539","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anticoagulants have been discovered and developed over past 100 years. At the beginning unfractionated heparin found its applications, just later to fade into the background of newer and more effective drugs. Patients have been treated with more progressive medications – Low-Molecule-Weight Heparin (LMWH), Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) and Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC). As for today, deemed a turning point in anticoagulant therapy are inhibitors of factor XI. It is a ground-breaking innovation as it ensures high prevention of thrombotic episodes and guarantees intact physiological hemostasis.Current State of Knowledge: The coagulation cascade and molecules part taking in that have been discovered and described extensively and in detail. Unfractionated heparin is the oldest out of all and despite its simple action mechanism and adverse effects, is still a requested drug. Its lighter form, low-molecule-weight-heparin (LMWH) is an enhancement to the previous treatment due to its higher bioavailability and fewer side effects. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are widely spread in medical environment thanks to their expanded mechanism of action, oral administration and reversibility of their overdose, as well as their well-developed anti-side effect therapy. Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) have been introduced to the market about 10 years ago. In spite of NOACs short period of clinical use, they were a huge change to the previous treating methods. Currently, the newest innovation in anticoagulant therapy are inhibitors of factor XI and its clinical trials outcome is promising for the future.Summary: The present article discusses history of anticoagulant drugs, their mechanism of action and usage but also focuses on the recent perspectives and developments as new anticoagulant drugs are being put to the test in therapeutic trials. The review underlines the importance of improvements in old therapeutic methods and exploring the new, more suitable ones.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"63 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and purpose Heart failure has become a civilization disease, affecting 1-2% of the world's population. It is a condition with various etiologies and phenotypes. The annual mortality rate due to heart failure is approximately 10%, with organ dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion and sudden cardiac death being the leading causes of death. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge of heart failure, focusing on its pathophysiology, and the mechanism of action and applications of sacubitril/valsartan. Material and methods The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included pathophysiology of heart failure; natriuretic peptide pathways; treatment of heart failure; sacubitril/valsartan. Conclusions Heart failure is a syndrome marked by the activation of various neurohormonal systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and natriuretic peptides (NP). Historically, the therapeutic approach has focused on reducing RAAS activity and SNS activity. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to potential benefits associated with the NP system. Following disappointing outcomes from studies involving neprilysin (NEP) inhibitors, administered alone or in conjunction with an ACE inhibitor and vasopeptidase inhibitors, there have been findings with the pharmacological class termed ARNI (angiotensin receptor and NEP inhibitors). Sacubitril/valsartan has proven to be an effective and safe treatment that reduces the need for hospitalization, enhances the quality of life and longevity of patients with chronic HFrEF.
{"title":"Natriuretic peptide pathways in heart failure in the context of the analysis of the mechanism of action and potential usages of sacubitril/valsartan","authors":"Kamila Babkiewicz-Jahn, Justyna Matuszewska, Adrianna Szymańska, Wiktoria Wilanowska, Izabela Oleksak, Karolina Maliszewska, Natalia Załęska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50185","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose \u0000Heart failure has become a civilization disease, affecting 1-2% of the world's population. It is a condition with various etiologies and phenotypes. The annual mortality rate due to heart failure is approximately 10%, with organ dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion and sudden cardiac death being the leading causes of death. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge of heart failure, focusing on its pathophysiology, and the mechanism of action and applications of sacubitril/valsartan. \u0000 \u0000Material and methods \u0000The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included pathophysiology of heart failure; natriuretic peptide pathways; treatment of heart failure; sacubitril/valsartan. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Heart failure is a syndrome marked by the activation of various neurohormonal systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and natriuretic peptides (NP). Historically, the therapeutic approach has focused on reducing RAAS activity and SNS activity. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to potential benefits associated with the NP system. \u0000Following disappointing outcomes from studies involving neprilysin (NEP) inhibitors, administered alone or in conjunction with an ACE inhibitor and vasopeptidase inhibitors, there have been findings with the pharmacological class termed ARNI (angiotensin receptor and NEP inhibitors). Sacubitril/valsartan has proven to be an effective and safe treatment that reduces the need for hospitalization, enhances the quality of life and longevity of patients with chronic HFrEF.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain is a major factor expressed by hospital patients and is the main reason they seek medical help. Evidence suggests that children experiencing pain often do not receive optimal pain assessment and relief. This article refers to a literature review discussing tools and management strategies for assessing children's pain. It concludes that implementing an educational program for medical professionals could enhance their awareness of best practices in pain assessment and management guidelines.
{"title":"Pain assessment tools: A literature review","authors":"Aneta Michalczewska, Natalia Wierzejska, Magdalena Pach, Agnieszka Fugas, Agnieszka Nowak, Zuzanna Chmielowiec, Alicja Partyka, Mariola Dziedzic, Karolina Smykiewicz, Justyna Dobrzańska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50167","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is a major factor expressed by hospital patients and is the main\u0000reason they seek medical help. Evidence suggests that children\u0000experiencing pain often do not receive optimal pain assessment and\u0000relief. This article refers to a literature review discussing tools\u0000and management strategies for assessing children's pain. It concludes\u0000that implementing an educational program for medical professionals\u0000could enhance their awareness of best practices in pain assessment and\u0000management guidelines.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"96 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and purpose Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a factitious disorder characterized by the search for and induction of somatic symptoms, the falsification of laboratory results, and even the mutilation of a loved one, usually a child, by a parent or caregiver. Paediatricians often only have information about the child's condition from an interview with the child’s guardian, so it is very important to differentiate feigned disorders from real, sometimes difficult to diagnose, cases of illness. We may suspect them if the parent reports unusual symptoms in the child, insinuates further treatments and hospital stays, has above-average knowledge of medical terminology, and is aggressive towards the staff. Prominent among the causes of Munchausen syndrome by proxy are first and foremost the desire to focus the parent/carer’s attention on themselves and the expectation of recognition for their care and concern for the child. Methods and materials The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included munchausen syndrome, munchausen syndrome by proxy, treatment, diagnosis, paediatric condition falsification, factitious disorder. Conclusions Due to the nature of this disorder, physicians of different specialities may come across it during their practice. Increasing their knowledge on this topic and the effects of Munchausen syndrome by proxy will allow the correct diagnosis to be established and appropriate psychiatric therapy with psychological care to be introduced, as well as protecting children who are victims of the actions of their caregivers.
导言和目的 代理孟乔森综合症是一种假象性疾病，其特点是父母或看护人寻找和诱发躯体症状、伪造实验室结果，甚至残害亲人（通常是儿童）。儿科医生通常只能从与儿童监护人的面谈中获得有关儿童病情的信息，因此将假装的失调症与真正的疾病（有时难以诊断）区分开来非常重要。如果家长报告孩子出现异常症状，暗示进一步治疗和住院，对医学术语的了解超过平均水平，并且对工作人员具有攻击性，我们就可能怀疑是装病。代理孟乔森综合症的主要病因首先是父母/照顾者希望将注意力集中在自己身上，并期望自己对孩子的照顾和关心得到认可。方法和材料 以下综述基于 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中的文章。关键搜索词包括孟乔森综合症、代理孟乔森综合症、治疗、诊断、儿科条件伪造、事实性障碍。结论 由于这种疾病的性质，不同专业的医生在执业过程中都可能会遇到。增加他们对这一主题和代理孟乔森综合症影响的了解，将有助于确立正确的诊断，并引入适当的心理治疗和心理护理，以及保护那些因其照顾者的行为而受害的儿童。
{"title":"Diagnostic problems of unusal somatic disorder - Munchausen syndrome by proxy","authors":"Justyna Matuszewska, Kamila Babkiewicz-Jahn, Adrianna Szymańska, Wiktoria Wilanowska, Izabela Oleksak, Karolina Maliszewska, Natalia Załęska","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50180","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and purpose \u0000Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a factitious disorder characterized by the search for and induction of somatic symptoms, the falsification of laboratory results, and even the mutilation of a loved one, usually a child, by a parent or caregiver. Paediatricians often only have information about the child's condition from an interview with the child’s guardian, so it is very important to differentiate feigned disorders from real, sometimes difficult to diagnose, cases of illness. We may suspect them if the parent reports unusual symptoms in the child, insinuates further treatments and hospital stays, has above-average knowledge of medical terminology, and is aggressive towards the staff. Prominent among the causes of Munchausen syndrome by proxy are first and foremost the desire to focus the parent/carer’s attention on themselves and the expectation of recognition for their care and concern for the child. \u0000Methods and materials \u0000The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included munchausen syndrome, munchausen syndrome by proxy, treatment, diagnosis, paediatric condition falsification, factitious disorder. \u0000Conclusions \u0000Due to the nature of this disorder, physicians of different specialities may come across it during their practice. Increasing their knowledge on this topic and the effects of Munchausen syndrome by proxy will allow the correct diagnosis to be established and appropriate psychiatric therapy with psychological care to be introduced, as well as protecting children who are victims of the actions of their caregivers.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50187
Iwona Welian-Polus, Bartosz Mazur, Michał Bielak, Magdalena Mazur, Elżbieta Rypulak, Wiktoria Wilanowska, Anna Gregułą, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Kamila Turek
Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic X-linked recessive disorder. This condition is characterized by progressive loss of muscle tissue. Thus, it results in deterioration and inability to perform basic motor skills such as independent movement or breathing. Due to progressive muscle weakness, patients with advanced stages of DMD require mechanical ventilation, feeding, and rehabilitation. Furthermore, alterations in cardiac muscle lead to cardiomyopathy. Despite advanced supportive treatment, DMD is a fatal disease. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present, using a case study description, the current standards of treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as the current state of knowledge and new discoveries regarding this medical condition. Material and methods The patient's medical records were analyzed and available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write this article using the keywords: „Duchenne muscular dystrophy”; „cardiomyopathy”; „mechanical ventilation”; „gene therapy”; Conclusions Early detection of respiratory and circulatory insufficiency improves the patient's quality of life. Many patients with an advanced stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy need specialized treatment, for example, in the intensive care unit. Therefore there is an urgent need for new treatment methods, such as gene therapies, which can slow down or break the course of the disease. New discoveries and the implementation of new treatment standards can enhance the quality of life for patients and extend their lifespans.
导言：杜氏肌营养不良症是一种遗传性 X 连锁隐性疾病。这种疾病的特点是肌肉组织逐渐丧失。因此，它会导致病情恶化，无法完成独立运动或呼吸等基本运动技能。由于进行性肌无力，DMD 晚期患者需要机械通气、喂养和康复治疗。此外，心肌的改变也会导致心肌病。目的：本文旨在通过病例研究描述，介绍杜兴氏肌营养不良症患者的现行治疗标准，以及有关该病症的知识现状和新发现："杜氏肌营养不良症"；"心肌病"；"机械通气"；"基因治疗"；结论及早发现呼吸和循环功能不全可提高患者的生活质量。许多杜兴氏肌肉萎缩症晚期患者需要在重症监护室等地接受专门治疗。因此，迫切需要新的治疗方法，如基因疗法，以减缓或打破疾病的进程。新发现和新治疗标准的实施可以提高患者的生活质量，延长他们的寿命。
{"title":"Aggravation of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Decline in Advanced Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Complicated by Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Case Study and Review of Literature","authors":"Iwona Welian-Polus, Bartosz Mazur, Michał Bielak, Magdalena Mazur, Elżbieta Rypulak, Wiktoria Wilanowska, Anna Gregułą, Karol Stachyrak, Dawid Mika, Kamila Turek","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.68.50187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:\u0000Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic X-linked recessive disorder. This condition is characterized by progressive loss of muscle tissue. Thus, it results in deterioration and inability to perform basic motor skills such as independent movement or breathing. Due to progressive muscle weakness, patients with advanced stages of DMD require mechanical ventilation, feeding, and rehabilitation. Furthermore, alterations in cardiac muscle lead to cardiomyopathy. Despite advanced supportive treatment, DMD is a fatal disease.\u0000Purpose:\u0000The aim of the paper is to present, using a case study description, the current standards of treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as the current state of knowledge and new discoveries regarding this medical condition.\u0000Material and methods\u0000The patient's medical records were analyzed and available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write this article using the keywords: „Duchenne muscular dystrophy”; „cardiomyopathy”; „mechanical ventilation”; „gene therapy”;\u0000Conclusions\u0000Early detection of respiratory and circulatory insufficiency improves the patient's quality of life. Many patients with an advanced stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy need specialized treatment, for example, in the intensive care unit. Therefore there is an urgent need for new treatment methods, such as gene therapies, which can slow down or break the course of the disease. New discoveries and the implementation of new treatment standards can enhance the quality of life for patients and extend their lifespans.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51101
Ewa Olek, Oliwia Szewczyk, Karolina Czarnecka, Anna Korczak, Katarzyna Burda, Emilia Wójcik, Olga Łopacińska, Katarzyna Stańczyk, Aleksandra Korn, Justyna Jędrzejczyk
Introduction: Migraine is one of the most prevalent types of headache and is a subject of many clinical trials. There are various risk factors associated with migraine occurrence, from hormonal and genetic to environmental. It is observed that some migraineurs have specific psychological features- sometimes called as migraine personality. This encouraged researchers to evaluate migraine patients in terms of psychiatric co-existing conditions. Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between migraine and psychiatric comorbidities, primarily personality disorders. Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”migraine”, “headache factors”, “personality disorder”, “migraine personality”, “migraine education”, “borderline personality disorder”, “anxious personality disorder”, “migraine health”, “depression and migraine”, “medication over-use in migraine”, “migraine comorbidities”, “depression”, “anxiety”. Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between migraine and personality disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities worsen the treatment prognosis, are a risk factor of medication overuse and chronic headaches. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among migraineurs. Clinical evaluation of these patients should be complex and contain psychological and psychiatric analysis, especially in patients resistant to standard treatment.
{"title":"Association between personality disorders and migraine. A narrative review","authors":"Ewa Olek, Oliwia Szewczyk, Karolina Czarnecka, Anna Korczak, Katarzyna Burda, Emilia Wójcik, Olga Łopacińska, Katarzyna Stańczyk, Aleksandra Korn, Justyna Jędrzejczyk","doi":"10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.51101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Migraine is one of the most prevalent types of headache and is a subject of many clinical trials. There are various risk factors associated with migraine occurrence, from hormonal and genetic to environmental. It is observed that some migraineurs have specific psychological features- sometimes called as migraine personality. This encouraged researchers to evaluate migraine patients in terms of psychiatric co-existing conditions. \u0000Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between migraine and psychiatric comorbidities, primarily personality disorders. \u0000Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”migraine”, “headache factors”, “personality disorder”, “migraine personality”, “migraine education”, “borderline personality disorder”, “anxious personality disorder”, “migraine health”, “depression and migraine”, “medication over-use in migraine”, “migraine comorbidities”, “depression”, “anxiety”. \u0000Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between migraine and personality disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities worsen the treatment prognosis, are a risk factor of medication overuse and chronic headaches. \u0000Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among migraineurs. Clinical evaluation of these patients should be complex and contain psychological and psychiatric analysis, especially in patients resistant to standard treatment.","PeriodicalId":15567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","volume":"44 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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