Journal of Education and Health Promotion最新文献

The health problem of pregnant women is a public health problem that needs to get major attention because it has an impact on the quality of life and future generations. Then examine the data/information empirically and theoretically. The sample units in this study were the skills of cadres in increasing the Immunity of Pregnant Women with the independent variables namely knowledge and attitudes. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling, then a sample of 85 cadres was obtained in the two puskesmas. The data collected is primary data, obtained from questionnaires filled out by health cadres, based on the data that has been obtained, then processing and analyzing the data is carried out according to the research objectives, and presented in tabular form accompanied by narrative as an explanation of the table. The research results obtained were that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of cadres and the skills of cadres in carrying out health promotion to increase the immunity of pregnant women (P value 0.032 < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between the knowledge of pregnant women's immunity and the skills of cadres (P value = 0.025 < 0.05), there is a significant relationship between the attitudes of cadres and the skills of cadres in health promotion to increase the immunity of pregnant women (P value = 0.004 < 0.05). The most significant factors for the skills of cadres in carrying out health promotion to increase the immunity of pregnant women.

Background: The present study aimed to develop an integrated protocol by combining religious content and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and evaluate its effectiveness in controlling obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), dysfunctional beliefs, feeling guilt, scrupulosity, and thought control among Muslims in Tehran, Iran.

Materials and methods: An exploratory mixed-method research design was applied in this study. In the qualitative stage, the document analysis method was used to extract components related to ACT with religious content. Also, the content and face validity of the intervention were confirmed by experts. Subsequently, a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest, control-group design was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the adapted protocol with a 3-month follow-up. In the quantitative stage, the inclusion criteria were meeting the diagnostic criteria for OCD based on the diagnostic interview of a psychiatrist, having religious purity/impurity obsessions, not receiving minimum psychological treatment for at least one month before entering the study, religious commitment; minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 50 years; and having at least a high school diploma. The exclusion criteria from the research were as follows: age over 50 years; educational level of less than a high school diploma; having a personality disorder; receiving other treatments, inability to participate in sessions; and being introduced by a family member. The experimental and control groups participated in 25 individual treatment sessions based on the adapted protocol and 8 conventional ACT sessions.

Results: According to the results, the effectiveness of the religion-adapted ACT intervention on the severity of obsession and dysfunctional religious beliefs was higher in patients with OCD compared to the control group in the posttest.

Conclusion: The present study showed that adding religious components to the ACT protocol can increase its effectiveness in reducing the severity of purity/impurity obsessions compared to the conventional ACT in the Muslim Iranian population.

Background: Modern psychological research challenges the conventional view of stress as solely detrimental by introducing the concept of eustress versus distress, emphasizing the potentially positive aspects of stress. In the context of India, limited studies have investigated the distinct effects of eustress and distress on adolescents, a group prone to stress-related health issues. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the correlation between eustress and both mental and physical well-being among adolescents attending government schools in two districts of Haryana, India.

Materials and methods: A non-experimental quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve this objective. The study involved a sample of 400 adolescent students, equally split between genders, aged 15 to 18 years, enrolled in grades 10 to 12. Participants were selected through systematic random sampling from two districts in Haryana. The assessment tools employed in the study included the Post Graduate Institute Health Questionnaire and the Eustress Scale, which were utilized to evaluate the participants' mental, physical, and eustress levels.

Results: In our study involving Indian adolescents, we discovered a substantial positive correlation (r = 0.563, P < 0.01) between eustress and mental health, underlining the valuable role of positive stress in enhancing psychological well-being. Notably, male participants exhibited significantly higher eustress scores (mean = 26.63) than their female counterparts (mean = 22.82, P < 0.01), indicating gender-specific variations in stress responses. Furthermore, our findings emphasized the influence of cultural nuances inherent to the Indian context on how adolescents perceived and experienced eustress. These outcomes emphasize the urgency of culturally sensitive interventions to promote adolescents' well-being.

Conclusion: This investigation contributes valuable insights into the nexus between eustress and adolescent health in the Indian context. The study accentuates the potential advantages of leveraging eustress to foster positive development by underlining the differential influence of eustress and distress on adolescent health. Future research endeavors and policy formulation could delve into the mechanisms underpinning eustress and distress, thus guiding strategies to enhance adolescents' health and overall well-being.

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) should be managed appropriately because both inadequate and excessive weight gain have negative health consequences for mother and child. Therefore, we report the study design for investigating the effect of nutrition education based on Pender's health promotion model (HPM) through the smartphone app on GWG.

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed on the Internet for intervention by uploading text messages, audio, images, and portable document format (PDF) files via a group in one of the virtual messenger networks with the title "Nutrition education research plan." After random allocation, both control and intervention groups will receive the routine prenatal care including dietary recommendations. The data will be collected using a multipart researcher-made questionnaire containing 33 questions including demographic information and Pender's construct parts. The evaluation is performed with pretest, posttest, and measurement of the obtained weight. Paired and independent samples t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements will be applied to compare mean scores of constructs of Pender's HPM and gained weights.

Results: The results of this study will clarify whether the present intervention will be effective on the total gestational weight gain and the weight gained in different weeks of pregnancy compared to the control group.

Conclusion: The obtained findings of this study might be useful for managing GWG and consequently maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Lack of accurate estimation of the risk factors associated with these diseases can impair the designing of effective interventions in this field; the present study aimed to investigate the risk factors attributable to cardiovascular diseases in males and females visiting comprehensive health service centers in 2018.

Material and method: This cross-sectional study is part of the national health transformation plan shaped in response to the emerging epidemic of noncommunicable diseases. In the present study, 6,331 participants aged 30 years and older were randomly and census selected from comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in Naein County, in Isfahan, Iran, respectively. The data were collected using the electronic health record from the IraPEN program in two sections: demographic information and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. They were then analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 software using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression.

Results: The participants' mean age was 55.09 ± 16.11 years. The main risk factor was insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables while smoking was a negligible risk factor. Low physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and high body mass index were more prevalent in females than in males, whereas smoking was more frequently reported in males (P < 0.001). Risk factors such as age, gender, education level, place of residence, and marital status, played a significant role in determining CVD risk factors.

Discussion: More than half of Iranian adults had one or older cardiovascular disease-related risk factors, and the prevalence of such factors was higher in females than in males. Given the importance of gender differences in cardiovascular disease-related health habits, it is necessary to reduce the majority of these diseases in society, especially in women, by controlling modifiable risk factors.

Background: Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with poor weight-related health and psychological health problems in adults. However, less is known about WBI in Thai youths, and its associated factors are scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between psychological, weight-related factors, and WBI among Thai youths.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted on 1185 university youths from three universities in northeastern, Thailand from January to June 2023, with multistage sampling methods. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to explore factors that influence WBI.

Results: Most of the youth were female; with the average body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 ± 3.2 kg/m². More than half (n = 628; 52.9%) of them reported a high level of WBI that was present across the weight spectrum. Approximately 41.4% (n = 490) reported being dissatisfied with their body image, and 50.6% (n = 600) had peers with obesity. WBI was positively related to depressive symptoms, perceived stress, the experience of weight stigma, BMI, and body image dissatisfaction. Conversely, it was negatively related to self-esteem and peers with obesity.

Conclusion: WBI is influenced by several psychological and weight-related factors. Additionally, youths across body weight categories could be vulnerable to high WBI. Hence, consideration of these potential factors could be useful in designing targeted interventions to reduce WBI.

Background: Psychological distress, as a key indicator, describes a person's emotional problems and psychological reactions to adapt to the environment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies used by individuals during the crisis caused by COVID-19.

Materials and methods: The current research is an analytical cross-sectional study that was designed in 2021. The sampling area included the three cities of Lar, Gerash, and Evaz in the south of Fars province in the south of Iran. The study population was the residents of these three cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The final sample size in the present study was 384 people. Individuals were selected through available sampling. By answering questions from the self-assessment system of COVID-19 disease, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education filled out the necessary information for individual screening and registration of the symptoms of COVID-19 disease. Then, they completed the Coping Methods Questionnaire and the Psychological Distress Questionnaire.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.90 years. One hundred sixty-seven (43.5%) participants were male, and 217 (56.5%) were female. The mean score of problem-oriented coping style was significantly different between the levels of education (P = 0.001). The mean score of problem-solving coping style for the participants suspected of being infected with COVID-19 was 6.18 scores lower than others, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multiple regression with a forward selection also showed that among the studied variables, age, problem-oriented, and emotion-oriented coping strategies were important variables affecting mental distress.

Conclusion: People who were not suspected of having COVID-19 symptoms had a higher mean problem-oriented coping score than those who were suspected of having COVID-19. Therefore, early identification of suspects and the implementation of counseling and training programs can be very effective.

Background: A plethora of studies have reported the adverse psychiatric outcomes among the general masses during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, not much data is available in relation to the Indian population from this perspective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health status among the general masses in the Indian population.

Materials and methods: The present study was planned in a cross-sectional study design between July 2020 and October 2021 in which a well-structured questionnaire, consisting of questions assessing the sociodemographic profile, while, also, specific questions related to the stress and anxiety-related variables, was used. The questionnaire was validated through intra-class correlation with a strong correlation of 0.84. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis to test the association between the studied variables, while P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: On comparison between the male and female participants using stress and anxiety-related variables, 43.81% of males as against 56.19% of the female participants reported that they felt horrified due to the pandemic with the results being statistically highly significant (P = 0.0043). Similarly, 45.18% of male and 54.82% of female participants expressed apprehension due to the fear of the pandemic with the results being statistically significant (P = 0.0217).

Conclusion: The research findings of the present study indicated that men and women responded to stress differently, with women experiencing greater sadness and anxiety and were found to be at a relatively greater risk for developing anxiety and depression than men.

Background: Knowledge brokers, as a bridge between producers and users of knowledge, need a set of skills and abilities to fulfill their role. The current study was carried out with the aim of identifying the characteristics, skills, and qualifications needed by knowledge brokers in Iran's health sector.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants selected using social network analysis and snowball method from June to December 2022. All interviews were analyzed through the conventional content analysis method using the MAXQDA, version 20.

Results: Two main categories (personality traits and professional competencies) and six subcategories (extroversion, acceptability, problem-solving skills, interactive skills, specialized skills, and specialized knowledge) were identified for knowledge brokers in Iran's health sector. Interpersonal communication skills, negotiation and persuasion skills, knowledge in both policymaking and research fields, and marketing and commercialization skills were defined as the most important factors in knowledge brokering.

Conclusion: Identifying and training qualified and interested individuals to undertake the task of knowledge brokering, by taking into account the characteristics identified in this research and strengthening the required skills and qualifications, can increase the effectiveness of knowledge brokering and help to bridge the gap between research and policymaking.

Background: Flatulence is one of the gastrointestinal complaints after a cesarean section (C-section). A host of treatments have been used to reduce this symptom in hospitals, and most of them are based on chemical drugs. It is considered that herbal drugs may have fewer side effects than chemical drugs, and it seems that fennel can reduce flatulence through stimulation of bowel movements. This study compared the efficacy of fennel and dimethicone capsules on the flatulence rate in post-cesarean birth women.

Materials and methods: This study was a parallel double-blind randomized controlled trial, conducted in a teaching hospital. Eligible women who underwent a C-section and had the sensation of flatulence were randomly block allocated to the fennel and dimethicone groups (1:1). Each group received drugs every 6 hours for four doses after restarting oral feeding. Flatulence rate was the main variable measured before and one hour after taking each dose by the visual analog scale (VAS). Data were analyzed by statistical tests including repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) based on the intention-to-treat method in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.

Results: The dimethicone group showed a significant reduction in flatulence (F _(7,245) =198.5, P < 0.001, η² _p = 0.850). The same trend was also obtained for the fennel group (F _(7,266) =215.0, P < 0.001, η² _p = 0.849). However, there was no difference between groups on the flatulence level after adjusting for the baseline level of flatulence (F _(1,72) =0.27, P = 0.607, η² _p = 0.004). The same result was also obtained one hour after taking capsule 4 (F _(1,72) =0.63, P = 0.430, η² _p = 0.009).

Conclusion: Both fennel and dimethicone capsules can reduce flatulence rate after C-section, although there was no significant difference among them.