Journal of Dental Sciences最新文献_第6页

Evaluating the image recognition capabilities of GPT-4V and Gemini Pro in the Japanese national dental examination 评估 GPT-4V 和 Gemini Pro 在日本全国牙科考试中的图像识别能力

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.06.015

Hikaru Fukuda, Masaki Morishita, Kosuke Muraoka, Shino Yamaguchi, Taiji Nakamura, Izumi Yoshioka, Shuji Awano, Kentaro Ono

引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of older patients with chewing difficulties due to temporomandibular disorders and tooth loss 对因颞下颌关节紊乱和牙齿脱落导致咀嚼困难的老年患者进行比较分析

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.07.001

Hye-Mi Jeon, So-Yeun Kim, Yong-Woo Ahn, S. Ok, Sung-Hee Jeong, Hye-Min Ju

引用次数: 0

A two-year prospective study to compare the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns with and without mesial proximal contact loss 一项为期两年的前瞻性研究，比较有和没有近端接触丧失的后牙种植体支持的单冠种植体周围参数

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.11.014

Kai-Wen Ko , Chih-Wen Cheng , Yu-Jui Hsu , Wu-Ping Chiu , Feng-Chang Lin

Background/purpose

Interproximal contact loss may lead to food impaction and result in subsequently periodontal complications. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns (SCs) with and without mesial proximal contact loss after 2 years of follow-up.

Material and methods

Twenty-six patients with a total of 40 posterior implant-supported SCs with mesial adjacent natural teeth were observed for 24 months after crown insertion. The mesial proximal contacts were assessed by dental floss, then were classified as tight, weak, and open contacts. The following peri-implant parameters were evaluated, including modified plaque index (MPI), modified gingival index (MGI), and probing depth (PD) were conducted at six sites per tooth (mesiofacail, midfacial, distofacial, mesiolingual, mid-lingual and distolingual) in the 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month following visits. Furthermore, radiographs were taken regularly in 12- and 24-month recall sections for measuring the marginal bone loss (MBL).

Results

At 12-month observation, the incidence rates of weak and open contacts were 22.5 % and 12.5 %; whereas after 24 months of clinical service, the rates came up with 12.9 % and 25.6 %, respectively. No significant differences were found between the tight, weak, and open contact groups in the parameters of MPI, MGI, or PD (P > 0.05) at 12- and 24-month follow-up. None of the mean differences of the peri-implant parameters: MPI, MGI, PD and MBL had significant differences between the tight, weak, and open contact groups after 1 and 2 years of clinical service (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The presence of open, weak, and tight mesial proximal contacts had no significant effects on the peri-implant tissue conditions.

背景/目的近端接触缺失可导致食物嵌塞并导致牙周并发症。本前瞻性研究的目的是在随访2年后，研究有无近端接触缺失的后牙种植体支持单冠(SCs)的种植体周围参数。材料与方法对26例后路种植体支持SCs伴近中邻天然牙的患者进行了24个月的观察。用牙线评估近端接触，然后将其分为紧密接触、薄弱接触和开放接触。在6个月、12个月、18个月和24个月后，对每颗牙齿的6个部位(中面、中面、双面、中舌、中舌和双舌)进行改良菌斑指数(MPI)、改良牙龈指数(MGI)和探探深度(PD)等种植体周围参数进行评估。此外，在12个月和24个月的回忆段定期拍摄x线片以测量边缘骨质流失(MBL)。结果12个月观察，弱接触者和开放接触者的发病率分别为22.5%和12.5%;而经过24个月的临床服务后，这一比例分别为12.9%和25.6%。紧密接触组、弱接触组和开放接触组在MPI、MGI或PD参数上无显著差异(P >0.05)，随访12个月和24个月。临床服务1年和2年后，紧密接触组、弱接触组和开放接触组的种植体周围参数MPI、MGI、PD和MBL的平均差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论开放、薄弱、紧密的近端接触对种植体周围组织状况无明显影响。

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引用次数: 0

Usefulness of oral health assessment performed by multiple professionals using a short video recording acquired with a tablet device 由多名专业人员使用平板设备获得的短视频记录进行口腔健康评估的有效性

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.11.011

Yuiko Yanagihara , Hiroyuki Suzuki , Junichi Furuya , Kazuharu Nakagawa , Kanako Yoshimi , Sayaka Seto , Kento Shimizu , Haruka Tohara , Shunsuke Minakuchi

Background/purpose

Appropriate oral health assessment and management can improve the oral health and nutritional status of hospitalized patients. The active participation of dental professionals in the nutritional support team (NST) can help achieve this outcome. However, the participation of dental professionals in NSTs is often limited, indicating the requirement for establishing a remote oral health assessment method. This study aimed to establish a multidisciplinary oral health assessment system using short video recordings with a tablet device.

Materials and methods

Fifty inpatients receiving NST aid at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital were included in this study. The degree of agreement between the oral health assessment performed at the bedside and using the short video recordings of the oral health acquired with a tablet device by a single dentist and the degree of agreement for evaluations performed using the video recordings between multiple professionals were evaluated. The oral health status was assessed using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT).

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the OHAT total scores for oral health assessment performed at the bedside and using the videos by a single dentist was 0.914 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.854–0.950). ICCs of the OHAT total scores for the video assessment performed by dentists and multiple professionals were 0.904 (95% CI, 0.838–0.944) and 0.802 (95% CI, 0.676–0.883), respectively.

Conclusion

Comprehensive oral health assessment of patients can be performed by multiple professionals using the short video recordings of the oral health acquired with a tablet device.

背景/目的适当的口腔健康评估和管理可以改善住院患者的口腔健康和营养状况。牙科专业人员在营养支持小组(NST)中的积极参与可以帮助实现这一结果。然而，牙科专业人员参与国家口腔健康评估的人数往往有限，这表明需要建立一种远程口腔健康评估方法。本研究旨在建立一个多学科的口腔健康评估系统，该系统采用片式设备进行短视频记录。材料与方法在东京医科大学牙科医院接受NST辅助的住院患者50例。评估了在床边进行的口腔健康评估和使用平板设备获得的口腔健康短视频记录之间的一致性程度，以及使用多个专业人员之间的视频记录进行的评估之间的一致性程度。使用口腔健康评估工具(OHAT)评估口腔健康状况。结果单牙医师床边和录像进行的OHAT口腔健康评估总分的类内相关系数(ICC)为0.914(95%可信区间[CI]， 0.854 ~ 0.950)。由牙医和多名专业人员进行的视频评估的OHAT总分ICCs分别为0.904 (95% CI, 0.838-0.944)和0.802 (95% CI, 0.676-0.883)。结论多名专业人员利用片式设备拍摄的口腔健康短视频对患者进行综合口腔健康评估。

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引用次数: 0

Smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigation techniques in conservatively instrumented root canals 不同灌洗技术在保守器械根管中去除涂膜层的效果

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.01.008

Sota Mochizuki, Satoshi Watanabe, Jiayi Liu, Takashi Okiji

Background/purpose

Establishing effective irrigation methods is warranted to ensure the predictability of minimally invasive root canal instrumentation. This study aimed to compare the smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigation techniques in root canals instrumented with TruNatomy nickel-titanium rotary instruments.

Materials and methods

Experiment 1: Extracted human mandibular incisors were instrumented using TruNatomy Shaping Files up to Small (#20/0.04), Prime (#26/0.04), or Medium (#36/0.03) (n = 17, each) and irrigated with EDTA, NaOCl, and again with EDTA using syringe irrigation (SI). Experiment 2: Extracted mandibular incisors were instrumented using TruNatomy Small and irrigated with EDTA and NaOCl as in Experiment 1, using (1) conventional laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser unit at 30 mJ/10 Hz (LAI 30/10) or 70 mJ/20 Hz (LAI 70/20), (2) photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) (20 mJ/15 Hz), (3) ultrasonic-activated irrigation, or (4) SI (n = 13 each). Five additional canals served as negative controls (no irrigation). The smear layer on the canal wall was scored under scanning electron microscopy.

Results

In Experiment 1, the TruNatomy Small group exhibited significantly higher smear layer scores compared to the other groups in the apical and middle thirds. In Experiment 2, the LAI 70/20 and PIPS groups demonstrated significantly lower smear layer scores compared to the LAI 30/10 and SI groups in the apical third.

Conclusion

Conservative instrumentation using the TruNatomy Small reduced the cleaning efficacy of irrigation. However, PIPS performed satisfactory for smear layer removal without injury to the root canal wall.

背景/目的为了确保微创根管器械治疗的可预测性，必须建立有效的灌洗方法。本研究旨在比较使用 TruNatomy 镍钛旋转器械对根管进行器械治疗时，不同灌洗技术去除涂抹层的效果。材料和方法实验 1：使用 TruNatomy 成型锉对拔出的人类下颌切牙进行器械治疗，分为小号（#20/0.04）、中号（#26/0.04）或中号（#36/0.03）（n = 17，每种），并使用 EDTA、NaOCl 灌洗，然后使用注射器灌洗（SI）再次使用 EDTA 灌洗。实验 2：使用 TruNatomy Small 仪器拔出下颌切牙，并使用 EDTA 和 NaOCl 进行灌洗，方法与实验 1 相同，使用 (1) 传统激光激活灌洗（LAI），使用掺铒钇铝石榴石激光装置，频率为 30 mJ/10 Hz（LAI 30/10）或 70 mJ/20 Hz（LAI 70/20）、(2) 光子诱导光声流（PIPS）（20 mJ/15 Hz），(3) 超声波激活灌洗，或 (4) SI（各 13 人）。另外五条管作为阴性对照（无灌洗）。结果在实验 1 中，与其他组相比，TruNatomy Small 组在顶端和中间三分之一处的涂片层得分明显较高。结论使用 TruNatomy Small 的保守器械降低了冲洗的清洁效果。但是，PIPS 在去除涂抹层方面的效果令人满意，而且不会损伤根管壁。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment on dental anxiety: A comparative study on patients with periodontitis 非手术牙周治疗对牙科焦虑的影响：牙周炎患者比较研究

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.04.018

Jun-Chin Tu , Cheng-Yang Chiang , Hsien-Chung Chiu , Fu-Gong Lin , I-Shiang Tzeng , Earl Fu

Background/purpose

Dental anxiety is prevalent and may result in the avoidance of periodontal therapy and maintenance. This study aimed to explore the impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on dental anxiety among patients with periodontitis.

Materials and methods

In this study, 122 patients with periodontitis participated. The Chinese version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) gauged baseline dental anxiety during the initial appointment. Patients receiving non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in subsequent appointments formed the NSPT group, while those with a delayed NSPT of at least two months constituted the delayed group. In the NSPT group, the second termination questionnaire was administered one month post the last NSPT visit, just before the periodontal re-evaluation. In the delayed group, the second questionnaire was completed before the delayed NSPT initiation.

Results

Baseline MDAS scores were comparable between the delay and NSPT groups. However, the NSPT group exhibited lower total scores and scores for each of the five MDAS items at termination compared with the delay group. At baseline, MDAS total scores were inversely associated with age and were lower in males. A reduction in MDAS total scores between observation points was correlated with NSPT, sex, and age after adjustment. Regarding MDAS item 4 (teeth scaled/polished), score reduction consistently correlated with NSPT and age.

Conclusion

Participation in NSPT may alleviate dental anxiety, and consequently enhance the patients' conceptiveness to undergo periodontal maintenance or surgery.

背景/目的牙科焦虑很普遍，可能会导致患者逃避牙周治疗和维护。本研究旨在探讨非手术牙周治疗（NSPT）对牙周炎患者牙科焦虑的影响。中文版改良牙科焦虑量表（MDAS）用于测量初次就诊时的牙科焦虑基线。在随后的就诊中接受非手术牙周治疗（NSPT）的患者组成NSPT组，而延迟至少两个月接受NSPT的患者组成延迟组。在 NSPT 组中，第二份终止问卷是在最后一次 NSPT 就诊一个月后，也就是牙周重新评估之前发放的。结果延迟组和 NSPT 组的 MDAS 基线得分相当。然而，与延迟组相比，NSPT 组在终止时的 MDAS 总分和五个项目中每个项目的得分都较低。基线时，MDAS 总分与年龄成反比，男性较低。经调整后，观察点之间 MDAS 总分的降低与 NSPT、性别和年龄相关。结论参加 NSPT 可减轻牙科焦虑，从而增强患者接受牙周维护或手术的观念。

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引用次数: 0

Survival rate of implants performed at sites of previously failed implants and factors associated with failure: A retrospective investigation 在以前失败的植入部位进行植入手术的存活率以及与失败相关的因素：回顾性调查

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.012

Georgios S. Chatzopoulos , Larry F. Wolff

Background/purpose

Although reimplantation is currently a common treatment procedure, little information on reimplantation success or failure is available in the literature. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the survival rate of dental implants that were performed in sites of previously failed implants and identify factors associated with the treatment outcome.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study is based on a cohort of patients rehabilitated with dental implants in the dental clinics of the universities contributing data to the BigMouth network between 2011 and 2022. Implants replacing a previously failed implant at the same site were included. Cases of first and second reimplantations were included Information regarding patients' characteristics including age, gender, ethnicity, race, tobacco use, and systemic medical conditions were extracted from patients’ files.

Results

Records of 50,333 dental implants placed in 20,842 patients over a 12-year period were screened. Three hundred seventy implants placed in 284 patients were replaced by another implant at the same site. The cumulative survival rates of implants inserted for the first time was 98.6 %, for the first replacements was 96.1 % and for the second replacements was 91.7 %. First reimplants exhibited a significantly higher risk of failure than initial implantation (P < 0.001). Similarly, second reimplants demonstrated significantly greater risk of failure (P = 0.05) when compared to initial implants. No significant associations were detected between replaced implant failures with any of the patient related parameters evaluated (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the present study, dental implants replacing failed implants exhibited lower survival rates than the rates reported for the previous attempts of implant placement. No risk indicators for implant failure were identified. Additional factors should be examined in future studies.

背景/目的虽然再植牙目前是一种常见的治疗方法，但有关再植成功或失败的文献资料却很少。材料和方法这项回顾性研究基于 2011 年至 2022 年间向 BigMouth 网络提供数据的大学牙科诊所中接受牙科种植修复的患者队列。研究对象包括在同一部位替换先前失败种植体的患者。从患者档案中提取了有关患者特征的信息，包括年龄、性别、民族、种族、吸烟情况和全身性疾病。284名患者的370颗种植体被同一部位的另一颗种植体取代。首次植入的种植体的累积存活率为 98.6%，首次替换的种植体的累积存活率为 96.1%，第二次替换的种植体的累积存活率为 91.7%。首次再次植入的失败风险明显高于首次植入（P < 0.001）。同样，与初次植入相比，第二次再植入的失败风险明显更高（P = 0.05）。结论在本研究的限制条件下，替代失败种植体的牙科种植体的存活率低于前几次种植尝试的存活率。本研究未发现种植失败的风险指标。在今后的研究中还应研究其他因素。

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引用次数: 0

The mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis–derived outer membrane vesicles-induced neurotoxicity and microglia activation 牙龈卟啉单胞菌源性外膜囊泡诱导神经毒性和小胶质细胞活化的机制

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.04.002

Wei-Chun Chuang , Cheng-Ning Yang , Han-Wei Wang , Sze-Kwan Lin , Ching-Chu Yu , Jhe-Hao Syu , Chun-Pin Chiang , Young-Ji Shiao , Yi-Wen Chen

Background/purpose

Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, potentially facilitated by the passage of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs). Several recent studies have suggested a connection between Pg-OMVs and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, but the precise causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations using in vitro models.

Materials and methods

Isolated Pg-OMVs were characterized by morphology, size, and gingipain activity. We exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and BV-2 microglial cells to various concentrations of Pg-OMVs. Cell morphology, a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the cellular mechanism underlying Pg-OMV-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells and inflammatory responses in microglial cells.

Results

Exposure to Pg-OMVs induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by cellular shrinkage, reduced viability, activation of apoptotic pathways, and diminished neuronal differentiation markers. Gingipain inhibition mitigated these effects, suggesting that gingipain mediates Pg-OMVs-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Our research on neuroinflammation suggests that upon endocytosis of Pg-OMVs by BV-2 cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by activating pathways that involve phosphorylated AKT and the phosphorylated JNK pathway.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that following the endocytosis of Pg-OMVs, gingipain can induce neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the Pg-OMVs-associated LPS can trigger neuroinflammation via AKT and JNK signaling pathways in BV-2 cells.

背景/目的牙周炎与多种全身性疾病相关，牙龈卟啉单胞菌外膜小泡（Pg-OMVs）的通过可能会促进牙周炎的发生。最近的一些研究表明，牙龈卟啉单胞菌外膜囊泡与神经炎症和神经变性之间存在联系，但其确切的因果关系仍不清楚。本研究旨在利用体外模型研究这些关联的机制。材料与方法分离的Pg-OMVs具有形态、大小和gingipain活性等特征。我们将 SH-SY5Y 神经母细胞瘤细胞和 BV-2 小胶质细胞暴露于不同浓度的 Pg-OMVs 中。通过细胞形态学、3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和 Western 印迹分析来评估 Pg-OMV 诱导神经细胞神经毒性和小胶质细胞炎症反应的细胞机制。结果暴露于Pg-OMV诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞神经毒性表现为细胞萎缩、存活率降低、凋亡通路激活和神经元分化标志物减少。抑制gingipain可减轻这些影响，这表明gingipain介导了Pg-OMV诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞神经毒性。我们对神经炎症的研究表明，BV-2细胞内吞Pg-OMVs后，脂多糖（LPS）可通过激活磷酸化AKT和磷酸化JNK通路，调节诱导型一氧化氮合酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α的产生。此外，与 Pg-OMVs 相关的 LPS 可通过 AKT 和 JNK 信号通路引发 BV-2 细胞的神经炎症。

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccination patterns among oral cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis in a medical center in Taiwan 口腔癌患者的 COVID-19 疫苗接种模式：台湾一家医疗中心的综合分析

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.06.020

Chi-Sheng Cheng, Han-Pang Liu, Li-Tzu Lee

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of oral health status and immunological parameters of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute and recovery phases: A randomized clinical trial 评估 COVID-19 住院患者在急性期和恢复期的口腔健康状况和免疫学参数：随机临床试验

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Dental Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.01.022

Cem Peskersoy , Aybeniz Oguzhan , Cagri Akcay , Beyza A. Dincturk , Hulya S.E. Can , Erdinc K. Kamer , Mehmet Haciyanli

Background/purpose

It is known that COVID-19 patients show many clinical oral symptoms due to the immunological mechanisms triggered by the virus. Aim of this study is to analyze the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, and to evaluate the oral health status of hospitalized patients.

Materials and methods

160 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by SARS-CoV-2–specific RT-PCR testing and 160 healthy volunteers (HI) with similar age, gender and systemic status were included to compare the bio-chemical and oral manifestations. Oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected to evaluate the salivary interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10) and immunoglobulins (sIgA, sIgG, sIgM). Oral findings (DMFT, plaque index, salivary flow rate), socio-demographic information and systemic conditions were also recorded. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and Spearman's ratio tests were applied to determine the possible correlations between the factors (P = 0.05).

Results

The mean DMFT scores of COVID-19 patients (12.71 ± 7.3) were significantly higher than the HI (7.39 ± 2.8), whereas cases of total or partial edentulism were more common among COVID-19 patients (P < 0.05). While plaque index scores were similar for both groups (P > 0.05), salivary parameters were found statistically different (P < 0.05). Severe and moderate cases showed higher proinflammatory interleukin levels (IL-1 = 68.74 pg/ml, IL-6 = 53.31 pg/ml) amongst all (P < 0.05). While secretory immunoglobulins were almost depleted at baseline, (sIgA = 0.11 mg/ml, sIgG = 0.21 mg/ml, sIgM = 0.08 mg/ml) they reached to threshold levels after 4 weeks.

Conclusion

Higher proinflammatory interleukin levels indicated that traces of ongoing “Cytokine Storm” in COVID-19 patients which can also be observed in oral environment. Poor oral hygiene and malnutrition due to edentulism can pave the way for having a severe COVID-19 infection.

背景/目的众所周知，COVID-19 患者由于病毒引发的免疫机制而表现出许多临床口腔症状。材料和方法 160 名经 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 RT-PCR 检测证实的 COVID-19 患者和 160 名年龄、性别和全身状况相似的健康志愿者（HI）被纳入研究，以比较生化和口腔表现。采集口咽拭子标本以评估唾液白细胞介素（IL-1、IL-6、IL-10）和免疫球蛋白（sIgA、sIgG、sIgM）。此外，还记录了口腔检查结果（DMFT、牙菌斑指数、唾液流速）、社会人口信息和全身状况。结果 COVID-19 患者的平均 DMFT 分数（12.71 ± 7.3）明显高于 HI（7.39 ± 2.8），而 COVID-19 患者中更常见的是全口或部分缺牙（P < 0.05）。虽然两组患者的牙菌斑指数评分相似（P >0.05），但唾液参数却存在统计学差异（P <0.05）。重度和中度病例的白细胞介素水平较高（IL-1 = 68.74 pg/ml，IL-6 = 53.31 pg/ml）（P < 0.05）。虽然分泌型免疫球蛋白在基线时几乎耗尽，但（sIgA = 0.11 mg/ml、sIgG = 0.21 mg/ml、sIgM = 0.08 mg/ml）在 4 周后达到阈值水平。口腔卫生差和营养不良可能会导致严重的 COVID-19 感染。

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引用次数: 0