Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1177/00952443241283941
Christine Rabello Nascimento, Daniele Rosendo de Lima, Janaina Fernandes Moreno de Almeida, Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa, Cristiane Xavier da Silva Campos, Fernando Reis da Cunha, Ana Lúcia Nazareth da Silva
Fluoroelastomers (FKM) are used to manufacture seals and other rubber devices that can withstand harsh operating conditions, including aggressive media and extreme low and high temperatures. Even though nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and chromatographic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of raw FKM molecules, the identification of cured compounds entails a characterization method that is able to overcome the complexity related to this kind of structure. In this sense, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can outperform other characterization techniques because it does not require solubilization or any special preparation of the sample. In this study, 10 FKM compounds were produced in this study utilizing four commercial types of FKM and the fillers carbon black, barium sulfate, and iron oxide. All unfilled-FKM (as received) and their compounds were analyzed by ATR-FTIR with germanium crystal. Between 15 and 25 analyses were performed for all each FKM type sample and their respective compounds. All spectra were analyzed, and the bands were assigned. Findings regarding the interference of the fillers in the spectra were also reported. From relationships between the height of the spectral zones and the bands at 1397 and 1428 cm−1, it was possible to distinguish all sample compositions of FKM types 1, 2, 3, and 5. This study demonstrates that ATR-FTIR has the potential to be utilized as a technique to detect the type of FKM compounds, an important rubber used in harsh industrial applications. Replacing carbon with BaSO4 reduces the tensile at 50% strain of FKM types 1 and 2 composites. FKM types 3 and 5 composites filled with 30 phr of carbon black have a higher tensile at 50% strain than those of FKM type 1.
{"title":"Characterization of fluoroelastomers compounds by ATR-FTIR","authors":"Christine Rabello Nascimento, Daniele Rosendo de Lima, Janaina Fernandes Moreno de Almeida, Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa, Cristiane Xavier da Silva Campos, Fernando Reis da Cunha, Ana Lúcia Nazareth da Silva","doi":"10.1177/00952443241283941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241283941","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoroelastomers (FKM) are used to manufacture seals and other rubber devices that can withstand harsh operating conditions, including aggressive media and extreme low and high temperatures. Even though nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and chromatographic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of raw FKM molecules, the identification of cured compounds entails a characterization method that is able to overcome the complexity related to this kind of structure. In this sense, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can outperform other characterization techniques because it does not require solubilization or any special preparation of the sample. In this study, 10 FKM compounds were produced in this study utilizing four commercial types of FKM and the fillers carbon black, barium sulfate, and iron oxide. All unfilled-FKM (as received) and their compounds were analyzed by ATR-FTIR with germanium crystal. Between 15 and 25 analyses were performed for all each FKM type sample and their respective compounds. All spectra were analyzed, and the bands were assigned. Findings regarding the interference of the fillers in the spectra were also reported. From relationships between the height of the spectral zones and the bands at 1397 and 1428 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, it was possible to distinguish all sample compositions of FKM types 1, 2, 3, and 5. This study demonstrates that ATR-FTIR has the potential to be utilized as a technique to detect the type of FKM compounds, an important rubber used in harsh industrial applications. Replacing carbon with BaSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> reduces the tensile at 50% strain of FKM types 1 and 2 composites. FKM types 3 and 5 composites filled with 30 phr of carbon black have a higher tensile at 50% strain than those of FKM type 1.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1177/00952443241278071
{"title":"Patents for JEP 56 (6)","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00952443241278071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241278071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the demand for nanocomposites in the form of functionally graded materials (FGM) has increased because of their improved weight-to-stiffness ratios, less delamination effects, and ability to have desired qualities at the right location. Additionally, compared to typical composites, static qualities like strength and elasticity are superior. In this research work, a model for an axially graphene-reinforced functionally graded polymer matrix nanocomposite non-uniform beam is prepared, to obtain the dynamic behavior of the beam in form of its Natural Frequencies. Along the length of the beam, the graphene Nano reinforcement is dispersed in an epoxy polymer matrix as “O” pattern using a function. Material modulus at each location of the beam is modelled using Halpin-Tsai micromechanics theory, the mass density and Poisson’s Ratio of the beam are determined using rule of mixture. The geometry non-uniformity of the beam is modelled using an exponential function. Using MATLAB software code, simulation and parametric analysis of the beam are performed for various slenderness ratios and varied boundary conditions. The non-uniform beam result is obtained after the result for a uniform beam is used to validate it. In result it is analyzed that for the particular geometric and reinforcement configuration of the beam, as the non-uniformity in the beam geometry is increases, the fundamental frequency decreases, and the slenderness ratio has also the same effect on its fundamental frequency.
最近，对功能分级材料（FGM）形式的纳米复合材料的需求有所增加，因为它们的重量刚度比得到了改善，分层效应较小，并能在适当的位置获得所需的质量。此外，与典型的复合材料相比，其强度和弹性等静态质量也更胜一筹。在这项研究工作中，制备了轴向石墨烯增强功能分级聚合物基纳米复合材料非均匀梁的模型，以自然频率的形式获得梁的动态行为。沿着横梁的长度方向，石墨烯纳米增强材料以 "O "型分布在环氧聚合物基体中。横梁各处的材料模量采用 Halpin-Tsai 微机械理论建模，横梁的质量密度和泊松比采用混合法则确定。梁的几何不均匀性使用指数函数建模。使用 MATLAB 软件代码，对不同细长比和不同边界条件下的梁进行了模拟和参数分析。在对均匀梁的结果进行验证后，得到了非均匀梁的结果。结果分析表明，对于梁的特定几何形状和配筋配置，随着梁几何形状不均匀度的增加，基频会降低，而细长率对其基频也有同样的影响。
{"title":"Free vibration analysis of an O-pattern graphene reinforced axial functionally graded polymer matrix nano-composite non-uniform beam","authors":"Amit Kumar Gantayat, Mihir Kumar Sutar, Jyoti Ranjan Mohanty, Sarojrani Pattnaik","doi":"10.1177/00952443241281986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241281986","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the demand for nanocomposites in the form of functionally graded materials (FGM) has increased because of their improved weight-to-stiffness ratios, less delamination effects, and ability to have desired qualities at the right location. Additionally, compared to typical composites, static qualities like strength and elasticity are superior. In this research work, a model for an axially graphene-reinforced functionally graded polymer matrix nanocomposite non-uniform beam is prepared, to obtain the dynamic behavior of the beam in form of its Natural Frequencies. Along the length of the beam, the graphene Nano reinforcement is dispersed in an epoxy polymer matrix as “O” pattern using a function. Material modulus at each location of the beam is modelled using Halpin-Tsai micromechanics theory, the mass density and Poisson’s Ratio of the beam are determined using rule of mixture. The geometry non-uniformity of the beam is modelled using an exponential function. Using MATLAB software code, simulation and parametric analysis of the beam are performed for various slenderness ratios and varied boundary conditions. The non-uniform beam result is obtained after the result for a uniform beam is used to validate it. In result it is analyzed that for the particular geometric and reinforcement configuration of the beam, as the non-uniformity in the beam geometry is increases, the fundamental frequency decreases, and the slenderness ratio has also the same effect on its fundamental frequency.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1177/00952443241270881
Muhammad Ismayil K M, N G Salini, Shabina Koroth Koyiloth, Rosy Antony
Nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using NMP/water system was adopted to prepare PVA/PVC thin films and were characterized by FTIR & FE-SEM analysis. Mechanical strength measurements indicated that an optimum composition of PVA/PVC has maximum tensile strength and might be due to the intercalation of viscous PVA into the stiff PVC matrix. Degree of swelling (DS) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements showed greater wettability of the films with increasing PVA content as is revealed from the higher film porosity and diminished contact angle. Pure water flux (PWF) and mean pore size were studied to determine the water permeation capacity of the film. Vapour permeability of various films was evaluated by using three different aliphatic alcohols viz. Methanol, ethanol and propanol. Barrier property and selectivity in permeation were studied for a particular PVA/PVC composition with moderate number and size of the pores which exhibited minimum permeation capacity.
{"title":"Vapour permeation characteristics of aliphatic alcohols through PVA/PVC thin films","authors":"Muhammad Ismayil K M, N G Salini, Shabina Koroth Koyiloth, Rosy Antony","doi":"10.1177/00952443241270881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241270881","url":null,"abstract":"Nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using NMP/water system was adopted to prepare PVA/PVC thin films and were characterized by FTIR & FE-SEM analysis. Mechanical strength measurements indicated that an optimum composition of PVA/PVC has maximum tensile strength and might be due to the intercalation of viscous PVA into the stiff PVC matrix. Degree of swelling (DS) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements showed greater wettability of the films with increasing PVA content as is revealed from the higher film porosity and diminished contact angle. Pure water flux (PWF) and mean pore size were studied to determine the water permeation capacity of the film. Vapour permeability of various films was evaluated by using three different aliphatic alcohols viz. Methanol, ethanol and propanol. Barrier property and selectivity in permeation were studied for a particular PVA/PVC composition with moderate number and size of the pores which exhibited minimum permeation capacity.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1177/00952443241276456
Dattatraya R Hipparkar, Sunil Chandel, Rahul Harshe
This research paper proposes a unique way to safeguard delicate systems on submerged platforms from the undesirable effects of underwater explosion shock loads. The underwater detonation of an explosive charge and mines produce devastating underwater shocks against underwater platforms. Shock load developed underwater has been analyzed, and a shock response spectrum (SRS) approach to compute shock peak responses has been adopted. SRS shock absorption frequency satisfies requirements for both shock absorption and delicate systems. The shock load was reduced to 2g by altering the delicate system stiffness and damping properties. The analytical model for a single DOF system was formulated, and simulation was carried out using ANSYS solver. The stiffness has been spread across various points along the length of the delicate system, allowing it to undergo translational oscillations when subjected to shock loads. This research paper presents an innovative design approach for a shock absorption system intended for underwater sensitive objects, emphasizing simplicity, distinctiveness, compactness, reliability, and electromagnetic compatibility. Experimental testing validated the shock absorption design on the prototype. Shock testing determined the absorber’s maximum displacement and sensitive object acceleration.
{"title":"A novel design of compact elastomer shock absorption system to protect sensitive objects from underwater shock for naval application","authors":"Dattatraya R Hipparkar, Sunil Chandel, Rahul Harshe","doi":"10.1177/00952443241276456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241276456","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper proposes a unique way to safeguard delicate systems on submerged platforms from the undesirable effects of underwater explosion shock loads. The underwater detonation of an explosive charge and mines produce devastating underwater shocks against underwater platforms. Shock load developed underwater has been analyzed, and a shock response spectrum (SRS) approach to compute shock peak responses has been adopted. SRS shock absorption frequency satisfies requirements for both shock absorption and delicate systems. The shock load was reduced to 2g by altering the delicate system stiffness and damping properties. The analytical model for a single DOF system was formulated, and simulation was carried out using ANSYS solver. The stiffness has been spread across various points along the length of the delicate system, allowing it to undergo translational oscillations when subjected to shock loads. This research paper presents an innovative design approach for a shock absorption system intended for underwater sensitive objects, emphasizing simplicity, distinctiveness, compactness, reliability, and electromagnetic compatibility. Experimental testing validated the shock absorption design on the prototype. Shock testing determined the absorber’s maximum displacement and sensitive object acceleration.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer composites with low dielectric properties and excellent radio transparency are essential for high signal transmission rates and high device integration. However, creating dielectric polymer composites with high radio transparency is a challenging task. This work presents comparative results of studying the dielectric loss, permittivity and radio transparency of composite materials, such as aramid-epoxy composite (AEC), glass fiber (GF), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and ultra-high molecular weight high-density polyethylene (UHMWPE). Based on the experimental results, the following transmission percentages were established for various materials: CFRP – 2.45%, AEC – 79.43%, UHMWPE – 80.16%, and GF – 78.88%. The dielectric loss tangent angle of carbon fiber is significantly higher compared to other polymer composites, UHMWPE exhibits the lowest tangent angle values, and AEC and GF have stable and low dielectric loss. The obtained polymer composites demonstrated low dielectric permittivity values: AEС 2.9, UHMWPE 2.56, and GF 3.64.
{"title":"Comparative study of dielectric characteristics and radio transparency of composite materials","authors":"Azira Muratovna Yermakhanova, Aidar Karaulovich Kenzhegulov, Mohammed Nurgazyuly Meiirbekov, Berdiyar Meirzhanuly Baiserikov","doi":"10.1177/00952443241273957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241273957","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer composites with low dielectric properties and excellent radio transparency are essential for high signal transmission rates and high device integration. However, creating dielectric polymer composites with high radio transparency is a challenging task. This work presents comparative results of studying the dielectric loss, permittivity and radio transparency of composite materials, such as aramid-epoxy composite (AEC), glass fiber (GF), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and ultra-high molecular weight high-density polyethylene (UHMWPE). Based on the experimental results, the following transmission percentages were established for various materials: CFRP – 2.45%, AEC – 79.43%, UHMWPE – 80.16%, and GF – 78.88%. The dielectric loss tangent angle of carbon fiber is significantly higher compared to other polymer composites, UHMWPE exhibits the lowest tangent angle values, and AEC and GF have stable and low dielectric loss. The obtained polymer composites demonstrated low dielectric permittivity values: AEС 2.9, UHMWPE 2.56, and GF 3.64.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1177/00952443241270804
P. Saravanamuthukumar, J. Kaaviya, Sabarinathan Palaniyappan, Narain Kumar Sivakumar, Mahdi Bodaghi, Mostafizur Rahaman, Saravanan Pandiaraj
The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing landscape, enabling the creation of intricate structures and personalized designs. The use of multi-material polymer composites in additive manufacturing has further expanded possibilities, offering enhanced mechanical properties and advanced functionalities. In the present study, PLA/Almond shell reinforced PLA (PLA/AmdPLA) multi-material composites were developed using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method. The objective of this study is to develop the multi-material and optimize the 3D-Printing Parameters (3D-PP) with respect to Printing Speed (PS), Layer Height (LH), and Printing Temperature (PT), in order to maximize the compressive strength of the composites. The L16 Taguchi orthogonal array was established to systematically study the effects of the 3D-PP on the compressive strength. Through a series of experiments, varying the levels of each 3D-PP, data was collected and analyzed to determine the optimal 3D-PP settings. The results demonstrate that the PLA/AmdPLA multi-material composites achieved its maximum compressive strength when fabricated at a PS of 20 mm/sec, a LH of 0.1 mm, and a PT of 210°C. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the PS and LH significantly influenced the compressive strength, while the PT exhibited moderate effects. The regression analysis results indicate that the compression experiments conducted on the PLA/AmdPLA multi-material composites yielded an error percentage of 4.73%. This suggests a strong agreement between the predicted values obtained from the regression model and the actual experimental results which shows that the model has high accuracy. Therefore, these functional composite materials are recognized for their superior strength, lightweight properties, appealing aesthetics, and sustainable qualities in various consumer applications.
{"title":"Compressive strength performance of 3D printed PLA/almond shell particles reinforced PLA multi-material composite","authors":"P. Saravanamuthukumar, J. Kaaviya, Sabarinathan Palaniyappan, Narain Kumar Sivakumar, Mahdi Bodaghi, Mostafizur Rahaman, Saravanan Pandiaraj","doi":"10.1177/00952443241270804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241270804","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing landscape, enabling the creation of intricate structures and personalized designs. The use of multi-material polymer composites in additive manufacturing has further expanded possibilities, offering enhanced mechanical properties and advanced functionalities. In the present study, PLA/Almond shell reinforced PLA (PLA/AmdPLA) multi-material composites were developed using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method. The objective of this study is to develop the multi-material and optimize the 3D-Printing Parameters (3D-PP) with respect to Printing Speed (PS), Layer Height (LH), and Printing Temperature (PT), in order to maximize the compressive strength of the composites. The L<jats:sub>16</jats:sub> Taguchi orthogonal array was established to systematically study the effects of the 3D-PP on the compressive strength. Through a series of experiments, varying the levels of each 3D-PP, data was collected and analyzed to determine the optimal 3D-PP settings. The results demonstrate that the PLA/AmdPLA multi-material composites achieved its maximum compressive strength when fabricated at a PS of 20 mm/sec, a LH of 0.1 mm, and a PT of 210°C. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the PS and LH significantly influenced the compressive strength, while the PT exhibited moderate effects. The regression analysis results indicate that the compression experiments conducted on the PLA/AmdPLA multi-material composites yielded an error percentage of 4.73%. This suggests a strong agreement between the predicted values obtained from the regression model and the actual experimental results which shows that the model has high accuracy. Therefore, these functional composite materials are recognized for their superior strength, lightweight properties, appealing aesthetics, and sustainable qualities in various consumer applications.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1177/00952443241270789
Mohammad Kazem Nikzad, Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi, Farshid Aghadavoudi
In this research, the effect of the atomic radius of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) on the tensile and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposites was analyzed. Different nanocomposite samples were made using PLA matrix with three atomic radius ranges of 15–20 nm, 20–30 nm, and 50–70 nm, and three-volume percentages (1, 2, and 3%) SiO2 nanoparticles. First, to observe the state of dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles in the fabricated samples, photographs were taken with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the platinum coating method. FESEM images showed that 15–20 nm and 20–30 nm nanoparticles were better dispersed in the PLA matrix than 50–70 nm due to their smaller size. Then experimental tests were performed on the samples and parameters of modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) were measured. The results of the experiments showed that 15–20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles caused a 1% decrease in modulus of elasticity, a 2% decrease in tensile strength, and a 3.5% increase in HDT temperature. 20–30 nm SiO2 nanoparticles increased the modulus of elasticity by 8.8%, tensile strength by 1.8%, and HDT temperature by 1%. 50–70 nm SiO2 nanoparticles also caused a 3.3% increase in modulus of elasticity, a 1.1% increase in tensile strength, and a 4% increase in HDT temperature. The results showed that besides the volume fraction, the size of the reinforcing nanoparticles is also an effective factor in the mechanical properties of PLA nanocomposites.
{"title":"Experimental analysis of the effect of the atomic radius of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly lactic acid nanocomposites","authors":"Mohammad Kazem Nikzad, Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi, Farshid Aghadavoudi","doi":"10.1177/00952443241270789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241270789","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the effect of the atomic radius of silica nanoparticles (SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) on the tensile and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposites was analyzed. Different nanocomposite samples were made using PLA matrix with three atomic radius ranges of 15–20 nm, 20–30 nm, and 50–70 nm, and three-volume percentages (1, 2, and 3%) SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles. First, to observe the state of dispersion of SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles in the fabricated samples, photographs were taken with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the platinum coating method. FESEM images showed that 15–20 nm and 20–30 nm nanoparticles were better dispersed in the PLA matrix than 50–70 nm due to their smaller size. Then experimental tests were performed on the samples and parameters of modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) were measured. The results of the experiments showed that 15–20 nm SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles caused a 1% decrease in modulus of elasticity, a 2% decrease in tensile strength, and a 3.5% increase in HDT temperature. 20–30 nm SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles increased the modulus of elasticity by 8.8%, tensile strength by 1.8%, and HDT temperature by 1%. 50–70 nm SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles also caused a 3.3% increase in modulus of elasticity, a 1.1% increase in tensile strength, and a 4% increase in HDT temperature. The results showed that besides the volume fraction, the size of the reinforcing nanoparticles is also an effective factor in the mechanical properties of PLA nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1177/00952443241268637
Ksenia Sukhareva, Igor Burmistrov, Eldar Mamin, Alexander Maltsev, Svetlana Karpova, Peter O Offor
Utilization of industrial by-products to develop novel value-added materials while mitigating their environmental impact is a crucial issue. Fly ash (FA) microparticles are a common component of power plant waste. This work aims to investigate the impact of varying concentrations of neat/silver-coated FA on the morphology and thermal properties of styrene-butadiene-styrene/FA composites. Composite materials based on styrene-butadiene styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) with various volume fractions of as-received and silver-coated FA were prepared using a solution mixing method. Silver-coated cenosphere particles were prepared using an electroless plating method. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy showed that the solution mixing method obtains composite materials characterized by uniform dispersion of filler without large particle aggregates and predominantly unbroken cenospheres. The tensile strength of the composite with 10% of both as-received and silver-coated fly ash remains at the level of the unfilled SBS sample. However, at higher filler concentrations (20% and 30%), a decrease in strength by 27% and 42% respectively is observed, possibly due to the agglomeration of FA, which leads to a poorer interface and dispersion at higher filler weights. Additionally, thermal analysis in an oxygen atmosphere showed that the introduction of both as-received and metallized cenospheres in the same quantity increased the thermal stability of the tested composition. The temperatures at 5% mass loss of SBS/FA composites were on average 70°C higher than those of the original SBS.
利用工业副产品开发新型增值材料，同时减轻其对环境的影响是一个至关重要的问题。粉煤灰（FA）微粒是发电厂废弃物的常见成分。这项工作旨在研究不同浓度的纯粉煤灰/银涂层粉煤灰对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯/粉煤灰复合材料的形态和热性能的影响。采用溶液混合法制备了基于苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）的复合材料，其中含有不同体积分数的原样和银涂层 FA。采用无电解电镀法制备了银涂层仙人球颗粒。扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜显示，溶液混合法得到的复合材料填料分散均匀，没有大颗粒聚集，主要是未破裂的仙人球。含有 10% 原状粉煤灰和银涂层粉煤灰的复合材料的拉伸强度保持在未填充 SBS 样品的水平。然而，当填料浓度较高（20% 和 30%）时，强度分别降低了 27% 和 42%，这可能是由于粉煤灰的团聚导致了较高填料重量时界面和分散性较差。此外，氧气环境下的热分析表明，引入相同数量的原样和金属化仙人球可提高测试成分的热稳定性。SBS/FA 复合材料质量损失 5%时的温度比原始 SBS 平均高 70°C。
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Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1177/00952443241263611
Jacob Samuel, Abdirahman A Yussuf, Rashed Al-Zufairi, Aseel Al-Banna, Tahani Al-Shammary, Gils Abraham
The influence of carbon nano fiber (CNF) along with organically modified nanoclay (OMMT) on the final properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) hybrid nanocomposites has been investigated. The hybridized nanocomposites were prepared in a twin screw extruder by melt mixing to achieve better dispersion. The effect of nano fillers on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties has been reported. The incorporation of OMMT along with CNF slightly improved the mechanical properties of the resultant hybrid nanocomposite due to the good adhesion between the filler and matrix. On the other hand, as shown in DSC results, increasing reinforcing filler quantity has no significant influence on the thermal properties such as melting and crystallization temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that increasing filler content in the hybrid nanocomposite matrix has enhanced drastically the thermal stability of the neat HDPE. Similarly, the rheological behavior of the hybrid system showed significant increase in the viscosity due to the synergetic effect. A marginal increase in moduli and complex viscosity was observed in the hybrid system, while loss tangent was found to be decreased due to the increase in the stiffness. The morphological features of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoscale images showed the well dispersion of filler nanoparticles without any prominent aggregation, which further indicates the compatibilizing ability of nanofillers within the HDPE matrix.
{"title":"High density polyethylene hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanofiber and nanoclay","authors":"Jacob Samuel, Abdirahman A Yussuf, Rashed Al-Zufairi, Aseel Al-Banna, Tahani Al-Shammary, Gils Abraham","doi":"10.1177/00952443241263611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241263611","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of carbon nano fiber (CNF) along with organically modified nanoclay (OMMT) on the final properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) hybrid nanocomposites has been investigated. The hybridized nanocomposites were prepared in a twin screw extruder by melt mixing to achieve better dispersion. The effect of nano fillers on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties has been reported. The incorporation of OMMT along with CNF slightly improved the mechanical properties of the resultant hybrid nanocomposite due to the good adhesion between the filler and matrix. On the other hand, as shown in DSC results, increasing reinforcing filler quantity has no significant influence on the thermal properties such as melting and crystallization temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that increasing filler content in the hybrid nanocomposite matrix has enhanced drastically the thermal stability of the neat HDPE. Similarly, the rheological behavior of the hybrid system showed significant increase in the viscosity due to the synergetic effect. A marginal increase in moduli and complex viscosity was observed in the hybrid system, while loss tangent was found to be decreased due to the increase in the stiffness. The morphological features of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoscale images showed the well dispersion of filler nanoparticles without any prominent aggregation, which further indicates the compatibilizing ability of nanofillers within the HDPE matrix.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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