Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1177/00952443241263608
Nushaba Kurbanova, Nurlana Mirzoeva, Eldar Zeynalov, Asgar Huseynov, Flora Hajiyeva, Mustafa Muradov
Due to the unique properties of modern nanomaterials, many companies design complex electronic devices that are used in the aviation and space spheres to assemble powerful computers, video equipment, help diagnose various diseases, as well as quickly transmit information. Such nanostructured materials are obtained by embedding nanoparticles into various polymer matrices. The effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) stabilized by a matrix of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) obtained by the mechanochemical method on the structure and properties of nanocomposites based on high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been studied. The physical-mechanical, thermophysical and thermal properties of the obtained composites were studied using DTA and AFM analysis methods. The optimal composition of components for obtaining nanocomposites with improved properties has been determined. Shown that small amounts of nanofillers introduced into the polymer play the role of structure formers - artificial crystallization nuclei, which contributes to the appearance of a fine spherulite structure in the polymer. AFM micrographs show the complex interweaving of nanoparticles with each other and the polymer matrix and the formation of a new fine-crystalline supramolecular structure related to the interfacial interaction of nickel-containing nanoparticles with multilayer carbon nanotubes, which contributes to the maximum increase in the physical-mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite.
{"title":"The effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles on the structure and properties of nanocomposites based on high-pressure polyethylene containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Nushaba Kurbanova, Nurlana Mirzoeva, Eldar Zeynalov, Asgar Huseynov, Flora Hajiyeva, Mustafa Muradov","doi":"10.1177/00952443241263608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241263608","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the unique properties of modern nanomaterials, many companies design complex electronic devices that are used in the aviation and space spheres to assemble powerful computers, video equipment, help diagnose various diseases, as well as quickly transmit information. Such nanostructured materials are obtained by embedding nanoparticles into various polymer matrices. The effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) stabilized by a matrix of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) obtained by the mechanochemical method on the structure and properties of nanocomposites based on high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been studied. The physical-mechanical, thermophysical and thermal properties of the obtained composites were studied using DTA and AFM analysis methods. The optimal composition of components for obtaining nanocomposites with improved properties has been determined. Shown that small amounts of nanofillers introduced into the polymer play the role of structure formers - artificial crystallization nuclei, which contributes to the appearance of a fine spherulite structure in the polymer. AFM micrographs show the complex interweaving of nanoparticles with each other and the polymer matrix and the formation of a new fine-crystalline supramolecular structure related to the interfacial interaction of nickel-containing nanoparticles with multilayer carbon nanotubes, which contributes to the maximum increase in the physical-mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00952443241254939
Ahmed Elloumi, Abdessalem Jerbi, Rania Ben Amor, Slim Souissi
Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM) has emerged as a prominent and innovative manufacturing technique, facilitating the creation of intricate, lightweight components at reduced time and cost. Despite its advantages, the productivity and mechanical performance of 3D-printed parts remain challenging areas. Hence, there is a growing interest in investigating the interplay between FDM build time and mechanical properties. Structural parameters such as layer thickness (Lt), raster angle (Ia), and air gap distance (Ifd) can exhibit conflicting effects on productivity and mechanical properties. This study employs GRA and VIKOR techniques for the multi-criteria selection of 3D printing, aiming to optimize both printing time and specific flexural properties of PLA/copper composite beams constructed in the edge direction. We compare the parameters selected by both methods and evaluate their impact on the responses. The behaviors of the two models differ: GRA optimizes two responses the specific stiffness ans specific strength, while VIKOR is more effective for minimising printing time. Both models select the lower raster angle of 0° as optimuim. Lt significantly influences printing time, being the primary parameter in the VIKOR method, whereas Ifd primarily contributes to mechanical properties.
{"title":"A Comparative study of gray relational analysis and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje approaches for enhancing mechanical properties and productivity in 3D-Printed copper-filled PLA parts","authors":"Ahmed Elloumi, Abdessalem Jerbi, Rania Ben Amor, Slim Souissi","doi":"10.1177/00952443241254939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241254939","url":null,"abstract":"Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM) has emerged as a prominent and innovative manufacturing technique, facilitating the creation of intricate, lightweight components at reduced time and cost. Despite its advantages, the productivity and mechanical performance of 3D-printed parts remain challenging areas. Hence, there is a growing interest in investigating the interplay between FDM build time and mechanical properties. Structural parameters such as layer thickness (Lt), raster angle (Ia), and air gap distance (Ifd) can exhibit conflicting effects on productivity and mechanical properties. This study employs GRA and VIKOR techniques for the multi-criteria selection of 3D printing, aiming to optimize both printing time and specific flexural properties of PLA/copper composite beams constructed in the edge direction. We compare the parameters selected by both methods and evaluate their impact on the responses. The behaviors of the two models differ: GRA optimizes two responses the specific stiffness ans specific strength, while VIKOR is more effective for minimising printing time. Both models select the lower raster angle of 0° as optimuim. Lt significantly influences printing time, being the primary parameter in the VIKOR method, whereas Ifd primarily contributes to mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the evaluative criteria utilized to ascertain the quality of a thermoformed product is the ultimate thickness of the sheet achieved through the processing. In determining the visual performance of optical products such as aircraft canopy, windscreens, etc., thickness distribution is crucial. Consequently, precise thickness measurement is the most essential aspect of quality control. To measure thickness, a variety of mechanical and optical measurement systems, in addition to several manual systems, are available. The manual intervention restricts the measurement system to lesser measurements and simplifies the system to simple geometries. Furthermore, post-processing of the image or point data is necessary to obtain thickness distribution using an optical measurement system. However, manual intervention is exceptionally time-consuming and may result in inaccurate outcomes. As a result, the current investigation put forth an algorithm based on machine learning to measure the precise thickness distributions from point data obtained through the measuring system. The algorithm’s functionality is illustrated through the thermoforming of a PMMA hemispherical dome at various forming pressures. Point data for thickness measurements of the hemispherical domes were acquired using the Rapid-I system of measurement. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, the thickness distribution of the hemispherical domes was measured accurately and efficiently.
{"title":"Algorithm for sheet thickness measurement and its application to thermoformed PMMA sheet","authors":"Jeet Patil, Jitesh Vasavada, Peeyush Mahajan, Sushil Mishra","doi":"10.1177/00952443241257427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241257427","url":null,"abstract":"One of the evaluative criteria utilized to ascertain the quality of a thermoformed product is the ultimate thickness of the sheet achieved through the processing. In determining the visual performance of optical products such as aircraft canopy, windscreens, etc., thickness distribution is crucial. Consequently, precise thickness measurement is the most essential aspect of quality control. To measure thickness, a variety of mechanical and optical measurement systems, in addition to several manual systems, are available. The manual intervention restricts the measurement system to lesser measurements and simplifies the system to simple geometries. Furthermore, post-processing of the image or point data is necessary to obtain thickness distribution using an optical measurement system. However, manual intervention is exceptionally time-consuming and may result in inaccurate outcomes. As a result, the current investigation put forth an algorithm based on machine learning to measure the precise thickness distributions from point data obtained through the measuring system. The algorithm’s functionality is illustrated through the thermoforming of a PMMA hemispherical dome at various forming pressures. Point data for thickness measurements of the hemispherical domes were acquired using the Rapid-I system of measurement. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, the thickness distribution of the hemispherical domes was measured accurately and efficiently.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00952443241258450
Yi Liu
The reliability of thermal regulation systems is crucial for ensuring the stability of condensed-mode gas-phase fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) used in the production of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, studies reporting on the practical industrial control engineering of such reactors relying on thermal equilibrium mechanisms are scarce. This study presents a thorough analysis of a hot thermoregulating water (TRW) valve-jamming incident and interprets the related phenomena and parameter changes. The effect of the catalyst activity and variations in the liquid-phase quantities on the TRW valve action are investigated in depth, and a general explanation is provided by analyzing typical distributed control system data trends and proven deductive reasoning. Results indicate that the polymerization stability is maintained by two thermal pathways. The first pathway is related to the latent (condensate)/sensible heat (gas) extraction and polymerization heat of the materials, and the second is associated with the TRW system, specifically the cold and hot TRW branches. These pathways exhibited synergistic bidirectional effects. Finally, a series of innovative measures are proposed for internal and external operations to fully prevent and respond to TRW valve malfunctions and maintain overall polymerization stability. This study enhances the dependability of linear low-density polyethylene production through advanced process optimization utilizing the Unipol prototype and offers perspectives on system engineering for polyethylene production processes.
{"title":"Assessing operational stability in condensed-mode fluidized bed reactor for linear low density polyethylene production: Insights from a thermoregulating water valve malfunction analysis","authors":"Yi Liu","doi":"10.1177/00952443241258450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241258450","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of thermal regulation systems is crucial for ensuring the stability of condensed-mode gas-phase fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) used in the production of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, studies reporting on the practical industrial control engineering of such reactors relying on thermal equilibrium mechanisms are scarce. This study presents a thorough analysis of a hot thermoregulating water (TRW) valve-jamming incident and interprets the related phenomena and parameter changes. The effect of the catalyst activity and variations in the liquid-phase quantities on the TRW valve action are investigated in depth, and a general explanation is provided by analyzing typical distributed control system data trends and proven deductive reasoning. Results indicate that the polymerization stability is maintained by two thermal pathways. The first pathway is related to the latent (condensate)/sensible heat (gas) extraction and polymerization heat of the materials, and the second is associated with the TRW system, specifically the cold and hot TRW branches. These pathways exhibited synergistic bidirectional effects. Finally, a series of innovative measures are proposed for internal and external operations to fully prevent and respond to TRW valve malfunctions and maintain overall polymerization stability. This study enhances the dependability of linear low-density polyethylene production through advanced process optimization utilizing the Unipol prototype and offers perspectives on system engineering for polyethylene production processes.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1177/00952443241254926
Dianjie Jiang, Zhanjiang Wang, Xiaoyang Wang
A comprehensive hyperelastic model that precisely forecasts the mechanical characteristics of materials with rubber-like qualities is presented. This model relies on the well-established five-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model, which is then extended to incorporate strain rate dependent and temperature dependent term. To validate its accuracy, experimental data from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber materials was utilized to compare with the model prediction. Hyperelastic stress-strain curves were collected from a variety of materials that were subjected to varying temperatures and strain rates to improve the model’s applicability. Its prediction results are compared against the collected experimental data, resulting in consistent and reliable outcomes. The simplified form of the model not only establishes an effective framework for characterizing and predicting the mechanical response of materials that resemble rubber under different working conditions but makes the coding and implementation of finite element analysis easier.
{"title":"A general hyperelastic model for rubber-like materials incorporating strain-rate and temperature","authors":"Dianjie Jiang, Zhanjiang Wang, Xiaoyang Wang","doi":"10.1177/00952443241254926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241254926","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive hyperelastic model that precisely forecasts the mechanical characteristics of materials with rubber-like qualities is presented. This model relies on the well-established five-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model, which is then extended to incorporate strain rate dependent and temperature dependent term. To validate its accuracy, experimental data from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber materials was utilized to compare with the model prediction. Hyperelastic stress-strain curves were collected from a variety of materials that were subjected to varying temperatures and strain rates to improve the model’s applicability. Its prediction results are compared against the collected experimental data, resulting in consistent and reliable outcomes. The simplified form of the model not only establishes an effective framework for characterizing and predicting the mechanical response of materials that resemble rubber under different working conditions but makes the coding and implementation of finite element analysis easier.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1177/00952443241254924
N. Sathishkumar, K.M. Kumar, R. Selvam, A.S.M. Udayakumar
In this study, the optimization of printing parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM) is addressed, focusing on their impact on energy absorption and vibration behaviour of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures, specifically Pseudo-periodic-based Schwarz P and Schoen Gyroid designs. The experimental design employs a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array involving layer height (0.15 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.45 mm), build orientation (0°, 45°, 90°), and extruder temperature (190°C, 200°C, 210°C) as inputs. These lattice structures are generated through Math Mod and simulated using Blender, with Autodesk Mesh mixer refining the STL file. The lattice fabrication employs PLA (polylactic acid). Comparative analysis is conducted against a high-density solid structure lacking lattice design. Optimal parameters for Schwarz P lattice are found to be 0.45 mm layer height, 0° build orientation, and 200°C extruder temperature, while for Schoen Gyroid lattice, 0.30 mm layer height, 0° build orientation, and 210°C extruder temperature. Solid structure optimization yields 0.30 mm layer height, 90° build orientation, and 190°C extruder temperature. Solid structures outperform Schwarz-P and Schoen-Gyroid in energy absorption and vibration behaviour, with Schwarz P showing superior properties over Schoen Gyroid.
本研究探讨了熔融沉积建模（FDM）中印刷参数的优化问题，重点是这些参数对三周期最小表面（TPMS）晶格结构的能量吸收和振动行为的影响，特别是基于伪周期的 Schwarz P 和 Schoen Gyroid 设计。实验设计采用田口 L9 正交阵列，以层高（0.15 毫米、0.30 毫米、0.45 毫米）、构建方向（0°、45°、90°）和挤压机温度（190°C、200°C、210°C）作为输入。这些晶格结构通过 Math Mod 生成，并使用 Blender 进行模拟，再通过 Autodesk 网格混合器完善 STL 文件。晶格制造采用聚乳酸（PLA）。与缺乏晶格设计的高密度实体结构进行了对比分析。发现 Schwarz P 晶格的最佳参数为 0.45 毫米层高、0° 构建方向和 200°C 挤压机温度，而 Schoen Gyroid 晶格的最佳参数为 0.30 毫米层高、0° 构建方向和 210°C 挤压机温度。固体结构优化后，层高为 0.30 毫米，构建方向为 90°，挤出机温度为 190°C。固体结构在能量吸收和振动性能方面优于 Schwarz-P 和 Schoen-Gyroid，其中 Schwarz P 的性能优于 Schoen Gyroid。
{"title":"Optimization of energy absorption and vibration behaviour of TPMS Schwarz P and Schoen Gyroid lattice structures using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array","authors":"N. Sathishkumar, K.M. Kumar, R. Selvam, A.S.M. Udayakumar","doi":"10.1177/00952443241254924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241254924","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the optimization of printing parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM) is addressed, focusing on their impact on energy absorption and vibration behaviour of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures, specifically Pseudo-periodic-based Schwarz P and Schoen Gyroid designs. The experimental design employs a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array involving layer height (0.15 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.45 mm), build orientation (0°, 45°, 90°), and extruder temperature (190°C, 200°C, 210°C) as inputs. These lattice structures are generated through Math Mod and simulated using Blender, with Autodesk Mesh mixer refining the STL file. The lattice fabrication employs PLA (polylactic acid). Comparative analysis is conducted against a high-density solid structure lacking lattice design. Optimal parameters for Schwarz P lattice are found to be 0.45 mm layer height, 0° build orientation, and 200°C extruder temperature, while for Schoen Gyroid lattice, 0.30 mm layer height, 0° build orientation, and 210°C extruder temperature. Solid structure optimization yields 0.30 mm layer height, 90° build orientation, and 190°C extruder temperature. Solid structures outperform Schwarz-P and Schoen-Gyroid in energy absorption and vibration behaviour, with Schwarz P showing superior properties over Schoen Gyroid.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1177/00952443241254938
Sadegh Hosseinjani, Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi, Mohammad Fasihi, Pouya Rajaee
The goal of this work is to investigate the mechanical and fracture characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/halloysite (HNT). HNT with three levels (0, 3, and 6 wt.%) and TPU with three levels (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were used as variables. The investigation of tensile properties revealed contrasting effects of TPU and HNT levels. Increasing TPU content to 30 wt.% led to a decrease in strength and modulus by 36% and 42% in turn, however resulted in a remarkable 338% improvement in elongation at break. Conversely, the addition of 3 wt.% HNT enhanced both tensile strength and modulus, although it caused a reduction in elongation at break. The results concerning fracture properties showed by incorporating TPU up to 30 wt.% EWF ( w e) and non-EWF ( βw p) rose by 459% and 178%, respectively. Additionally, the inclusion of 3 wt.% HNT further elevated the EWF compared to the compound containing 10 wt.% TPU without HNT. Through optimization, the compound with 10 wt.% TPU and 3 wt.% HNT was shown to have the optimum strength, stiffness, and toughness balance.
{"title":"On the essential work of fracture of polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane/halloysite","authors":"Sadegh Hosseinjani, Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi, Mohammad Fasihi, Pouya Rajaee","doi":"10.1177/00952443241254938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241254938","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this work is to investigate the mechanical and fracture characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/halloysite (HNT). HNT with three levels (0, 3, and 6 wt.%) and TPU with three levels (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were used as variables. The investigation of tensile properties revealed contrasting effects of TPU and HNT levels. Increasing TPU content to 30 wt.% led to a decrease in strength and modulus by 36% and 42% in turn, however resulted in a remarkable 338% improvement in elongation at break. Conversely, the addition of 3 wt.% HNT enhanced both tensile strength and modulus, although it caused a reduction in elongation at break. The results concerning fracture properties showed by incorporating TPU up to 30 wt.% EWF ( w<jats:sub> e</jats:sub>) and non-EWF ( βw<jats:sub> p</jats:sub>) rose by 459% and 178%, respectively. Additionally, the inclusion of 3 wt.% HNT further elevated the EWF compared to the compound containing 10 wt.% TPU without HNT. Through optimization, the compound with 10 wt.% TPU and 3 wt.% HNT was shown to have the optimum strength, stiffness, and toughness balance.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hemp-reinforced polypropylene composite was produced by the twin-screw extrusion in the presence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and silane as coupling agents and subsequence by the compression molding. The hemp fiber was obtained by sodium hydroxide treatment prior to the twin-screw extruder. The PP/Hemp composite was analyzed using a universal testing machine, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the PP/MA/Hemp demonstrated a better result than that of PP/Si/Hemp in most hemp contents. The SEM images of the PP/MA/Hemp exhibited excellent interfacial bonding in PP/MA/Hemp30 without fiber pullouts. However, the fiber breakage and some fiber pullout with gaps around the fiber of PP/Si/Hemp indicate the poor bonding of the PP matrix. The functional group of the PP/Hemp composite showed the –OH cellulose result peak of the reaction between hemp fibers and polypropylene.
{"title":"The hemp-reinforced polypropylene composite: Effect of the alkaline and coupling agents treatment","authors":"Siripan Metanawin, Maneerat Charoenchan, Tanapak Metanawin","doi":"10.1177/00952443241252970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241252970","url":null,"abstract":"The hemp-reinforced polypropylene composite was produced by the twin-screw extrusion in the presence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and silane as coupling agents and subsequence by the compression molding. The hemp fiber was obtained by sodium hydroxide treatment prior to the twin-screw extruder. The PP/Hemp composite was analyzed using a universal testing machine, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the PP/MA/Hemp demonstrated a better result than that of PP/Si/Hemp in most hemp contents. The SEM images of the PP/MA/Hemp exhibited excellent interfacial bonding in PP/MA/Hemp30 without fiber pullouts. However, the fiber breakage and some fiber pullout with gaps around the fiber of PP/Si/Hemp indicate the poor bonding of the PP matrix. The functional group of the PP/Hemp composite showed the –OH cellulose result peak of the reaction between hemp fibers and polypropylene.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1177/00952443241247201
Anuwat Worlee, Nabil Hayeemasae, Abdulhakim Masa
Blends of prevulcanized natural rubber (PVNR) and acrylic emulsion (AC) were prepared at the fixed PVNR/AC ratio of 30/70. Effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) addition were optimized across the contents 0, 10, 20 and 30 parts per hundred parts of polymer (php) with respect to various properties. Morphological analysis revealed a two-phase system in which the PVNR particles were dispersed in the AC matrix. Incorporation of TiO2 induced a finer blend morphology in which a part of the TiO2 was located at the interfaces of blend components. The tensile strength increased with initial TiO2 loading and reached its maximum at 10 php loading, with an improvement by about 127% over the blend without filler. However, further increase in filler loading reduced the tensile strength, and the filler tended to agglomerate at those higher loadings. Thermal stability and storage modulus in rubbery region of the blends containing TiO2 were also improved over the unfilled blend, due to the improved morphology and the hydrogen bonds between TiO2 filler and polymer matrix. TiO2 improved water wettability and adhesion of the blend. The maximum peel strengths on wood and metal substrates were about 120% and 26% larger than for the reference unfilled blend. Such drastic improvements suggest that the filled blends may find applications as coating materials.
{"title":"Optimized titanium dioxide loading for properties of natural rubber latex and acrylic emulsion blends","authors":"Anuwat Worlee, Nabil Hayeemasae, Abdulhakim Masa","doi":"10.1177/00952443241247201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443241247201","url":null,"abstract":"Blends of prevulcanized natural rubber (PVNR) and acrylic emulsion (AC) were prepared at the fixed PVNR/AC ratio of 30/70. Effects of titanium dioxide (TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) addition were optimized across the contents 0, 10, 20 and 30 parts per hundred parts of polymer (php) with respect to various properties. Morphological analysis revealed a two-phase system in which the PVNR particles were dispersed in the AC matrix. Incorporation of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> induced a finer blend morphology in which a part of the TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was located at the interfaces of blend components. The tensile strength increased with initial TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> loading and reached its maximum at 10 php loading, with an improvement by about 127% over the blend without filler. However, further increase in filler loading reduced the tensile strength, and the filler tended to agglomerate at those higher loadings. Thermal stability and storage modulus in rubbery region of the blends containing TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> were also improved over the unfilled blend, due to the improved morphology and the hydrogen bonds between TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> filler and polymer matrix. TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> improved water wettability and adhesion of the blend. The maximum peel strengths on wood and metal substrates were about 120% and 26% larger than for the reference unfilled blend. Such drastic improvements suggest that the filled blends may find applications as coating materials.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/00952443241243376
Ahmad Shauqi Abrar Shahrizan, Nurul Hazwani Hanib, Intan Suhada Azmi, Mar’atul Fauziyah, Mohd Jumain Jalil
Canola oil can serve as a substitute for polyol in the production of eco-friendly polyurethane. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for the epoxidation of canola oil via the Taguchi optimization method. To date, there is no published work on optimization of process parameters for epoxidized canola oil production using the Taguchi method. In this study, the epoxidation of canola oil was performed using in situ-generated peracetic acid. Peracetic acid was formed by the reaction between acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst. The highest conversion to oxirane of 85% was achieved at a ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen peroxide to canola oil, a temperature of 65°C, and a stirring speed of 400 rpm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization reveals the presence of the oxirane ring group, identified at a wavenumber of 1150 cm−1. Employing particle swarm numerical simulations, the results exhibit excellent agreement with the experimental data, thereby confirming the accuracy and validity of the kinetic model.
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