Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1177/00952443231158781
Hong Gu Kwon, Jungyeon Park, Namho Kim, Shichoon Lee, Jaeyoon Shim, Mincheol Lee, Y. Son
Compatibility and physical properties of aliphatic polyketon (PK)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blend were investigated. The PK and PA6 showed high adhesion strength and thus impact strength of PK/PA6 blends was very high. It was observed that PK-PA6 copolymers are formed by a chemical reaction between the two polymers and the copolymers act as a reactive compatibilizer in the PK/PA6 blends. The presence of the PK-PA6 copolymer was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The adhesion strength between PK and PA6 was very high compared to a typical incompatible polymer pair. PA6 investigated herein has two end groups, NH2 and carboxylic acid. We also adopted end-capped PA6 that has two carboxylic acid end groups. The adhesion strength and impact strength of the PK/end-capped PA6 blends was much lower than that of PK/PA6 blends. More importantly, the PK-PA6 copolymer was not formed in the PK/end-capped PA6 blends. Thus, it was concluded that the chemical reaction occurs between the carbonyl of PK and the primary amine end group of PA6. Due to the high impact strength of PK/PA6 blends, possible applications could be automotive parts where higher impact strength is required.
{"title":"High impact strength of aliphatic polyketone/polyamide 6 blends induced by a chemical reaction","authors":"Hong Gu Kwon, Jungyeon Park, Namho Kim, Shichoon Lee, Jaeyoon Shim, Mincheol Lee, Y. Son","doi":"10.1177/00952443231158781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443231158781","url":null,"abstract":"Compatibility and physical properties of aliphatic polyketon (PK)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blend were investigated. The PK and PA6 showed high adhesion strength and thus impact strength of PK/PA6 blends was very high. It was observed that PK-PA6 copolymers are formed by a chemical reaction between the two polymers and the copolymers act as a reactive compatibilizer in the PK/PA6 blends. The presence of the PK-PA6 copolymer was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The adhesion strength between PK and PA6 was very high compared to a typical incompatible polymer pair. PA6 investigated herein has two end groups, NH2 and carboxylic acid. We also adopted end-capped PA6 that has two carboxylic acid end groups. The adhesion strength and impact strength of the PK/end-capped PA6 blends was much lower than that of PK/PA6 blends. More importantly, the PK-PA6 copolymer was not formed in the PK/end-capped PA6 blends. Thus, it was concluded that the chemical reaction occurs between the carbonyl of PK and the primary amine end group of PA6. Due to the high impact strength of PK/PA6 blends, possible applications could be automotive parts where higher impact strength is required.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"6 1","pages":"492 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82236964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1177/00952443231158779
A. Kaştan
In friction stir spot welding applications, there are some factors that provide welding strength, welding performance and the formation of defects that may occur in welding. Among these factors, machine parameters and welding tool design should be compatible with each other. If these factors are not chosen appropriately, the welding will not be of the desired quality. In this study, high density polyethylene sheets were joined using friction stir spot welding technique. It has been determined that some of the joints made have low weld strength, defects on the weld surface and around the stir zone. By investigating the causes of these defects, suggestions were made to prevent these defecs It has been observed that these defects are not repeated in the welds made with the suggestions made and it has been determined that high weld strength can be obtained. The highest weld strength and performance were obtained by 0.2–0.4 mm plunge depth, 45–60 s stirring time, 700–900 tool rotation speed and 30 mm shoulder diameters. In order to obtain a perfect weld in friction stir spot welding, it was determined that a homogeneous mixture should be formed between the stirring zone and the thermo-mechanically affected zone. Low weld strength was obtained in all joints with defects detected in these regions. Low weld strengths and weld defects were detected at dwell times of less than 30 s, at all tool rotational speeds with a stirring time of less than 45 s, at a plunge depth greater than 0.4 mm, and at low tool rotation speeds.
{"title":"Investigation of welding defects in friction stir spot welding of plastics","authors":"A. Kaştan","doi":"10.1177/00952443231158779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443231158779","url":null,"abstract":"In friction stir spot welding applications, there are some factors that provide welding strength, welding performance and the formation of defects that may occur in welding. Among these factors, machine parameters and welding tool design should be compatible with each other. If these factors are not chosen appropriately, the welding will not be of the desired quality. In this study, high density polyethylene sheets were joined using friction stir spot welding technique. It has been determined that some of the joints made have low weld strength, defects on the weld surface and around the stir zone. By investigating the causes of these defects, suggestions were made to prevent these defecs It has been observed that these defects are not repeated in the welds made with the suggestions made and it has been determined that high weld strength can be obtained. The highest weld strength and performance were obtained by 0.2–0.4 mm plunge depth, 45–60 s stirring time, 700–900 tool rotation speed and 30 mm shoulder diameters. In order to obtain a perfect weld in friction stir spot welding, it was determined that a homogeneous mixture should be formed between the stirring zone and the thermo-mechanically affected zone. Low weld strength was obtained in all joints with defects detected in these regions. Low weld strengths and weld defects were detected at dwell times of less than 30 s, at all tool rotational speeds with a stirring time of less than 45 s, at a plunge depth greater than 0.4 mm, and at low tool rotation speeds.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"580 1","pages":"457 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85313088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.1177/00952443231158780
Dhanalakshmi J, S. S, S. S, C. Vijayakumar
The materials 2,2-bis [4-(4-maleimidophenoxy phenyl)] propane (BMIX) and bisphenol-A based cyanate ester (BCY) were synthesized. The monomers BMIX and BCY were physically blended (BMCY) in 1:1 mol ratio. The materials BMIX, BCY and BMCY were thermally polymerized and the structural characterisation of the materials was done using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The curing characteristics of BMIX, BCY and its blend (BMCY) were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The blend BMCY shows considerable differences in the thermal curing behaviour as evidenced by the DSC studies. Blending BCY with BMIX drastically reduces the melting temperature, curing onset temperature and the amount of heat liberated during thermal curing. The thermal stabilities of the crosslinked network polymers (PBMIX, PBCY and PBMCY) were investigated using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). Detailed TGA studies indicated that the PBMCY shows better thermal stability than the PBMIX and PBCY. The DSC and TG curves indirectly hint about the possible reaction between BMIX and BCY during thermal curing. Woven glass fibre reinforced laminates were prepared using BMIX, BCY and BMCY by solution impregnation followed by drying and compression moulding. The glass laminate having BMCY as the matrix resin showed much better mechanical property (tensile strength) compared to the laminate made using BMIX as the matrix resin.
{"title":"Studies on thermoset blend of bismaleimide having multiple swivel groups and biscyanate ester","authors":"Dhanalakshmi J, S. S, S. S, C. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1177/00952443231158780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443231158780","url":null,"abstract":"The materials 2,2-bis [4-(4-maleimidophenoxy phenyl)] propane (BMIX) and bisphenol-A based cyanate ester (BCY) were synthesized. The monomers BMIX and BCY were physically blended (BMCY) in 1:1 mol ratio. The materials BMIX, BCY and BMCY were thermally polymerized and the structural characterisation of the materials was done using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The curing characteristics of BMIX, BCY and its blend (BMCY) were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The blend BMCY shows considerable differences in the thermal curing behaviour as evidenced by the DSC studies. Blending BCY with BMIX drastically reduces the melting temperature, curing onset temperature and the amount of heat liberated during thermal curing. The thermal stabilities of the crosslinked network polymers (PBMIX, PBCY and PBMCY) were investigated using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). Detailed TGA studies indicated that the PBMCY shows better thermal stability than the PBMIX and PBCY. The DSC and TG curves indirectly hint about the possible reaction between BMIX and BCY during thermal curing. Woven glass fibre reinforced laminates were prepared using BMIX, BCY and BMCY by solution impregnation followed by drying and compression moulding. The glass laminate having BMCY as the matrix resin showed much better mechanical property (tensile strength) compared to the laminate made using BMIX as the matrix resin.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"20 1","pages":"475 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82646195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00952443221138918
M. Ruan, Bo Li, Dan-Lu Guo, Weixing Nie, Shen Wang, Zhifeng Liu
In this study, dielectric elastomers offering intrinsically good integrated performances are achieved by introducing AlN particles grafted with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570). The C=C of KH570 participated in the vulcanization of NR, which could increase the dispersions and interfacial interactions. By incorporating 10 phr AlN-KH570 fillers, the dielectric and mechanical properties of the composite are increased compared with the pristine DEA, and the breakdown strength remains above 93.9 kV/mm. Correspondingly, the actuation strain of 10 phr AlN-KH570/NR composite is 7 times higher than that of pristine DEA under the same driving voltage. Consequently, the AlN particles developed here are promising candidates as dielectric in actuators, and their excellent electromechanical properties could be applied in future industrial applications of DEs.
{"title":"Improving actuation strain and breakdown strength of natural rubber dielectric elastomers incorporated with AlN with silane grafting","authors":"M. Ruan, Bo Li, Dan-Lu Guo, Weixing Nie, Shen Wang, Zhifeng Liu","doi":"10.1177/00952443221138918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221138918","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, dielectric elastomers offering intrinsically good integrated performances are achieved by introducing AlN particles grafted with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570). The C=C of KH570 participated in the vulcanization of NR, which could increase the dispersions and interfacial interactions. By incorporating 10 phr AlN-KH570 fillers, the dielectric and mechanical properties of the composite are increased compared with the pristine DEA, and the breakdown strength remains above 93.9 kV/mm. Correspondingly, the actuation strain of 10 phr AlN-KH570/NR composite is 7 times higher than that of pristine DEA under the same driving voltage. Consequently, the AlN particles developed here are promising candidates as dielectric in actuators, and their excellent electromechanical properties could be applied in future industrial applications of DEs.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"18 1","pages":"14 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90372963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1177/00952443221150762
Karin Janete S Brito, Cristiane J Mauss, Patrícia Cofferri, Maria Madalena de Camargo Forte
The industry has pursued efforts to minimize the use of fossil fuel-based processing oils in favor of naturally occurring nontoxic oils from renewable sources, such as vegetable oils. In this study, the feasibility of replacing naphthenic oil (NAPH)-based plasticizers in natural rubber (NR) compounds with oil originating from cashew nut shells was evaluated. Cardanol oil (Cdn), which is derived from decarboxylated cashew nut shell liquid, a byproduct of cashew nut production, was chemically modified by acetylation and named Cdn-A. The successful acetylation of Cdn with acetic anhydride was confirmed. The effects of Cdn and Cdn-A as plasticizers on the curing characteristics, thermal aging, and physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of carbon black-filled NR compounds were then evaluated. Cdn acted as a co-activator for rubber vulcanization; by contrast, Cdn-A showed negligible effects on this process. Vulcanized Cdn- and Cdn-A-containing NR compounds exhibited improved abrasion and tear resistance compared with the reference compound containing NAPH, as well as antioxidant activity. The Cdn-added NR compound also demonstrated high elongation at break and toughness. The results collectively suggest that NR compounds containing Cdn exhibit properties suitable for tire tread applications requiring high grip characteristics.
{"title":"Sustainable plasticizer from agroindustrial waste for natural rubber compounds: Influence on the curing system and compound properties","authors":"Karin Janete S Brito, Cristiane J Mauss, Patrícia Cofferri, Maria Madalena de Camargo Forte","doi":"10.1177/00952443221150762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221150762","url":null,"abstract":"The industry has pursued efforts to minimize the use of fossil fuel-based processing oils in favor of naturally occurring nontoxic oils from renewable sources, such as vegetable oils. In this study, the feasibility of replacing naphthenic oil (NAPH)-based plasticizers in natural rubber (NR) compounds with oil originating from cashew nut shells was evaluated. Cardanol oil (Cdn), which is derived from decarboxylated cashew nut shell liquid, a byproduct of cashew nut production, was chemically modified by acetylation and named Cdn-A. The successful acetylation of Cdn with acetic anhydride was confirmed. The effects of Cdn and Cdn-A as plasticizers on the curing characteristics, thermal aging, and physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of carbon black-filled NR compounds were then evaluated. Cdn acted as a co-activator for rubber vulcanization; by contrast, Cdn-A showed negligible effects on this process. Vulcanized Cdn- and Cdn-A-containing NR compounds exhibited improved abrasion and tear resistance compared with the reference compound containing NAPH, as well as antioxidant activity. The Cdn-added NR compound also demonstrated high elongation at break and toughness. The results collectively suggest that NR compounds containing Cdn exhibit properties suitable for tire tread applications requiring high grip characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"18 1","pages":"409 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74801701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1177/00952443221150767
Lipsita Mohanty, S. Mohanty
Biodegradable films of poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/beeswax have been prepared by solution casting method. Beeswax has been used as a hydrophobic content to improve the water barrier properties of the films. The prepared films have been characterized for tensile properties, morphology, water absorption, and water vapor permeability. Tensile strength of the films initially increases with the addition of beeswax and then decreases with increase in beeswax content. Tensile strength of film with 0.5 wt% of beeswax is about 213% greater than the film without beeswax. Water absorption percentage of films decreases gradually from 18.7% in film without beeswax to 0% with an increase in amount of beeswax, i.e., 0.5wt%, 1wt% and 2wt% due to the hydrophobicity of beeswax. Water vapor permeability of these films reduces upon increasing the amount of beeswax.
{"title":"Effect of beeswax on the physical and mechanical properties of solution cast poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/beeswax films","authors":"Lipsita Mohanty, S. Mohanty","doi":"10.1177/00952443221150767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221150767","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable films of poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/beeswax have been prepared by solution casting method. Beeswax has been used as a hydrophobic content to improve the water barrier properties of the films. The prepared films have been characterized for tensile properties, morphology, water absorption, and water vapor permeability. Tensile strength of the films initially increases with the addition of beeswax and then decreases with increase in beeswax content. Tensile strength of film with 0.5 wt% of beeswax is about 213% greater than the film without beeswax. Water absorption percentage of films decreases gradually from 18.7% in film without beeswax to 0% with an increase in amount of beeswax, i.e., 0.5wt%, 1wt% and 2wt% due to the hydrophobicity of beeswax. Water vapor permeability of these films reduces upon increasing the amount of beeswax.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"85 1","pages":"400 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1177/00952443221147634
Amutheesan Manikkavel, Vineet Kumar, Sang‐Shin Park
The piezo-electric energy harvesting devices based on rubber composites have attracted great attention in the field of flexible electronics. These devices have the ability to provide a voltage of ∼0.5 V when subjected to mechanical strain. In this work, carbon allotropes nanofillers were used to reinforce the room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR). The nanofillers added to the rubber matrix were found to improve the compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, and tensile modulus. For example, the compressive modulus was 1.29 MPa (Virgin) and improved to 1.4 MPa (graphene), 2.3 MPa (CB), 2.2 MPa (CB–graphite hybrid), 2.17 MPa (CB–Nano graphite hybrid), and finally 2.19 MPa (CB–graphene hybrid). Similarly, the fracture strain was 146% (Virgin) and improved to 149% (graphene), 156% (CB), 160% (CB–graphite hybrid), 151% (CB–Nano graphite hybrid), and lastly 178% (CB–graphene hybrid). Moreover, the effect of three different diameters of loading tips is used for voltage production. More areas of deformation during energy harvesting can be able to produce higher voltage output. For example, a 21 mm tip can produce higher energy output than 7 mm and 14 mm. In the end, it was found that formation of cracks in the electrode while repeated loading causes a reduction in voltage output.
{"title":"Mechanical performance of composites reinforced with carbon black and different types of graphitic nanofillers for different applications","authors":"Amutheesan Manikkavel, Vineet Kumar, Sang‐Shin Park","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147634","url":null,"abstract":"The piezo-electric energy harvesting devices based on rubber composites have attracted great attention in the field of flexible electronics. These devices have the ability to provide a voltage of ∼0.5 V when subjected to mechanical strain. In this work, carbon allotropes nanofillers were used to reinforce the room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR). The nanofillers added to the rubber matrix were found to improve the compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, and tensile modulus. For example, the compressive modulus was 1.29 MPa (Virgin) and improved to 1.4 MPa (graphene), 2.3 MPa (CB), 2.2 MPa (CB–graphite hybrid), 2.17 MPa (CB–Nano graphite hybrid), and finally 2.19 MPa (CB–graphene hybrid). Similarly, the fracture strain was 146% (Virgin) and improved to 149% (graphene), 156% (CB), 160% (CB–graphite hybrid), 151% (CB–Nano graphite hybrid), and lastly 178% (CB–graphene hybrid). Moreover, the effect of three different diameters of loading tips is used for voltage production. More areas of deformation during energy harvesting can be able to produce higher voltage output. For example, a 21 mm tip can produce higher energy output than 7 mm and 14 mm. In the end, it was found that formation of cracks in the electrode while repeated loading causes a reduction in voltage output.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"13 1","pages":"383 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77963180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1177/00952443221147638
Uğur Mazlum, I. Celik
Magneto-rheological (MR) materials can respond reversibly and quickly under the effect of an external magnetic field. MR materials contain micron-sized iron particles. These iron particles are typically dispersed in an elastomer or a liquid. These materials due to their properties constitute a kind of smart material in terms of engineering material. Such materials are used as isolators in various engineering applications, structures, and sound control subsystems. This study aimed to determine the mechanical properties for shear behavior of MR materials for under harmonic loading. Parameters such as matrix materials with different hardness values, powder types, magnetic field, frequency, and deformation were studied. The parameters related to the MR material itself were analyzed with the obtained data. The present study reveals that considering the sensitivity to magnetic field parameter, composite materials having the most suitable properties were produced with Shore 2 hardness value and SQ magnetic powder. It had been observed on increase about 200% at the rate of Shore A10 and A2 as a result of comparing the hardness scale. Also according to the powder rate while there was an increase on worth effect of relative MR, it is seen that the biggest increase had been in SQ powder with 199% worth. When looked some studies in literature, about comparing different hardness values such as matrix materials powder types etc. there aren’t any studies. The state of magnetic field thinks that features such as MR effect, Storage, and Loss modulus haven’t been examined yet.
{"title":"Determination of shear behavior of magneto-rheological elastomers under harmonic loading","authors":"Uğur Mazlum, I. Celik","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147638","url":null,"abstract":"Magneto-rheological (MR) materials can respond reversibly and quickly under the effect of an external magnetic field. MR materials contain micron-sized iron particles. These iron particles are typically dispersed in an elastomer or a liquid. These materials due to their properties constitute a kind of smart material in terms of engineering material. Such materials are used as isolators in various engineering applications, structures, and sound control subsystems. This study aimed to determine the mechanical properties for shear behavior of MR materials for under harmonic loading. Parameters such as matrix materials with different hardness values, powder types, magnetic field, frequency, and deformation were studied. The parameters related to the MR material itself were analyzed with the obtained data. The present study reveals that considering the sensitivity to magnetic field parameter, composite materials having the most suitable properties were produced with Shore 2 hardness value and SQ magnetic powder. It had been observed on increase about 200% at the rate of Shore A10 and A2 as a result of comparing the hardness scale. Also according to the powder rate while there was an increase on worth effect of relative MR, it is seen that the biggest increase had been in SQ powder with 199% worth. When looked some studies in literature, about comparing different hardness values such as matrix materials powder types etc. there aren’t any studies. The state of magnetic field thinks that features such as MR effect, Storage, and Loss modulus haven’t been examined yet.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"55 1","pages":"361 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79395146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1177/00952443221147645
A. Yermakhanova, B.M. Baiserikov, A. Kenzhegulov, M. Meiirbekov, Bauyrzhan Yerbolsynuly Zhumadilov
Polymer composites, in particular aramid-epoxy composites, are widely used in fields such as aerospace, transportation, electronics, etc. due to their excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. This article presents studies of modification and combined reinforcement on the mechanical properties of aramid-epoxy composites. The influence of matrix (epoxy resin) and reinforcing filler (aramid fabric) mass ratio and ways to increase strength characteristics and impact toughness of the composite were studied. Comparative results for composites made by vacuum forming and vacuum infusion methods are presented. Mass ratio of reinforcing filler and matrix varied in the range of 50:50%, 60:40%, 65:35%, and 75:25%. It was found that modifying epoxy resin with polyurethane rubber plasticizer, together with combined reinforcement of aramid fabric/aramid roving, resulted in composite strength up to 720 MPa and impact toughness of 426 kJ/m2. Modification of epoxy resin with tricresyl phosphate leads to composite strength up to 710 MPa and impact toughness of 475 kJ/m2. Thus, it is shown that modification and combined reinforcement of aramid-epoxy composites are the most effective methods to increase strength and adhesion to epoxy resin.
{"title":"Study on methods to improve the mechanical properties of aramid/epoxy composites","authors":"A. Yermakhanova, B.M. Baiserikov, A. Kenzhegulov, M. Meiirbekov, Bauyrzhan Yerbolsynuly Zhumadilov","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147645","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer composites, in particular aramid-epoxy composites, are widely used in fields such as aerospace, transportation, electronics, etc. due to their excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. This article presents studies of modification and combined reinforcement on the mechanical properties of aramid-epoxy composites. The influence of matrix (epoxy resin) and reinforcing filler (aramid fabric) mass ratio and ways to increase strength characteristics and impact toughness of the composite were studied. Comparative results for composites made by vacuum forming and vacuum infusion methods are presented. Mass ratio of reinforcing filler and matrix varied in the range of 50:50%, 60:40%, 65:35%, and 75:25%. It was found that modifying epoxy resin with polyurethane rubber plasticizer, together with combined reinforcement of aramid fabric/aramid roving, resulted in composite strength up to 720 MPa and impact toughness of 426 kJ/m2. Modification of epoxy resin with tricresyl phosphate leads to composite strength up to 710 MPa and impact toughness of 475 kJ/m2. Thus, it is shown that modification and combined reinforcement of aramid-epoxy composites are the most effective methods to increase strength and adhesion to epoxy resin.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"23 1","pages":"331 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72579072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1177/00952443221147041
P. Altay
Silica aerogel (SA) is used as an additive in composite production to improve their thermal–mechanical properties, owing to their excellent properties such as high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity. All these unique properties make it attractive to be used for improving sound absorption and thermal insulation properties of composite materials. However, there are very limited studies on both improvement of sound and thermal insulation properties of glass fiber fabric epoxy composite by adding silica aerogel. With this aim, this study investigates the effect of incorporation of SA as a filler in glass fiber fabric epoxy composite (GFEC) and epoxy plate used in a wide variety of structural and engineering applications such as buildings, constructions, communication, aerospace and transportation, on sound absorption and thermal insulation. Results indicate that SA addition decreased the thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.55 to 0.48 W/mK for GFEC, and from 0.25 to 0.23 W/mK for epoxy plate, providing improvement on thermal insulation. Silica aerogel increased the maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC) from 0.27 to 0.65, shifting the frequency from 4000 to 400 Hz for GFEC. The maximum SAC value increased from 0.28 to 0.41 at 800 Hz and decreased from 0.54 to 0.47 at 2000 Hz in SA incorporated-epoxy plate with 1 cm air gap thickness. The results reveal that SA has an improvement effect on low-frequency sound absorption for both GFEC and epoxy plate.
{"title":"The effect of silica aerogel on thermal and sound absorption insulation properties of epoxy plate and glass fiber fabric epoxy composite","authors":"P. Altay","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147041","url":null,"abstract":"Silica aerogel (SA) is used as an additive in composite production to improve their thermal–mechanical properties, owing to their excellent properties such as high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity. All these unique properties make it attractive to be used for improving sound absorption and thermal insulation properties of composite materials. However, there are very limited studies on both improvement of sound and thermal insulation properties of glass fiber fabric epoxy composite by adding silica aerogel. With this aim, this study investigates the effect of incorporation of SA as a filler in glass fiber fabric epoxy composite (GFEC) and epoxy plate used in a wide variety of structural and engineering applications such as buildings, constructions, communication, aerospace and transportation, on sound absorption and thermal insulation. Results indicate that SA addition decreased the thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.55 to 0.48 W/mK for GFEC, and from 0.25 to 0.23 W/mK for epoxy plate, providing improvement on thermal insulation. Silica aerogel increased the maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC) from 0.27 to 0.65, shifting the frequency from 4000 to 400 Hz for GFEC. The maximum SAC value increased from 0.28 to 0.41 at 800 Hz and decreased from 0.54 to 0.47 at 2000 Hz in SA incorporated-epoxy plate with 1 cm air gap thickness. The results reveal that SA has an improvement effect on low-frequency sound absorption for both GFEC and epoxy plate.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"74 1","pages":"316 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85404871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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