Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6604
Mohit Arora, Ritu Rani, A. Singh, A. Singh
Depression is a prevalent mental illness. In addition to being a substantial contribution to the overall global disease burden, depression is one of the main causes of disability worldwide. Complementary therapies are necessary because of the drawbacks of standard antidepressant therapy, including side effects, even though the former can help reduce depression symptoms and avoid relapse of the illness. Because they have fewer side effects and are less expensive than other therapies for depression, herbal medications have drawn a lot of interest recently. Compared to synthetic medications, herbal plants have fewer adverse effects and exhibit antidepressant properties. As such, they may be able to help people who are depressed. Because herbs have fewer adverse effects than conventional drugs, many people prefer them for symptom treatment. If traditional medications aren't working for you because of side effects, poor efficacy, or accessibility issues, using phytomedicine can be a good alternative. This review will concentrate on herbs that are used to cure depression. Keywords: Herbal medicines, Depression, Herb, Treatment, St. John’s Wort
{"title":"Herbs Used to Treat Depression: An Updated Review","authors":"Mohit Arora, Ritu Rani, A. Singh, A. Singh","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6604","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a prevalent mental illness. In addition to being a substantial contribution to the overall global disease burden, depression is one of the main causes of disability worldwide. Complementary therapies are necessary because of the drawbacks of standard antidepressant therapy, including side effects, even though the former can help reduce depression symptoms and avoid relapse of the illness. Because they have fewer side effects and are less expensive than other therapies for depression, herbal medications have drawn a lot of interest recently. Compared to synthetic medications, herbal plants have fewer adverse effects and exhibit antidepressant properties. As such, they may be able to help people who are depressed. Because herbs have fewer adverse effects than conventional drugs, many people prefer them for symptom treatment. If traditional medications aren't working for you because of side effects, poor efficacy, or accessibility issues, using phytomedicine can be a good alternative. This review will concentrate on herbs that are used to cure depression. \u0000Keywords: Herbal medicines, Depression, Herb, Treatment, St. John’s Wort","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6562
Meraj Meraj, Abdul Rehman M.I., Naseem Ahmad Khan, Sadique Husain, Noushiba Khan
Objective: The objective of this review is to explore the Regimenal Therapy for the Management of Insomnia in contrast to Unani Classical Literature. Therefore, further clinical studies will be done for its scientific validation. Data Source: The review data were gathered from peer-reviewed research articles taken from several online resources, including PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Keywords including Insomnia, and prevalence of insomnia were part of the online search strategy. Library of Hakim Syed Ziaul Hasan, Bhopal was also accessed for the Unani Classical literature. Summary: Insomnia is characterized as a persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment. It is currently a prevalent disease with the incidence varying globally between 10% and 60%. Insomnia is described as Sahar or Bekhaabi in the Unani System of Medicine. Thirty Unani Classical Literature reviewed; 19 were relevant to Insomnia, and 9 were related to Regimenal Therapy. Thirteen therapies explored: Naṭūl, Sa‘ūṭ, Tadhīn, Ḥammām, Dalk, Riyāḍat, Ṭilā’, Ḍimād, Lakhlakha, Shamūm, Qaṭūr, Nashūq, Pāshoya. These therapies are beneficial for managing Insomnia. Conclusion: The implication of Regimenal Therapy appears promising and describes its possible uses for Insomnia. Use of regimenal therapies with fewer drugs, which seems to be effective for Insomnia. Further clinical studies are required to scientifically validate the existing Regimenal Therapy about its efficacy and safety. Keywords: Insomnia, Ilaj bil Tadbeer, Regimenal therapy, Sahar, Unani System of Medicine
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Insomnia and Its Regimenal Management in The Unani System of Medicine","authors":"Meraj Meraj, Abdul Rehman M.I., Naseem Ahmad Khan, Sadique Husain, Noushiba Khan","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6562","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this review is to explore the Regimenal Therapy for the Management of Insomnia in contrast to Unani Classical Literature. Therefore, further clinical studies will be done for its scientific validation. \u0000Data Source: The review data were gathered from peer-reviewed research articles taken from several online resources, including PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Keywords including Insomnia, and prevalence of insomnia were part of the online search strategy. Library of Hakim Syed Ziaul Hasan, Bhopal was also accessed for the Unani Classical literature. \u0000Summary: Insomnia is characterized as a persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment. It is currently a prevalent disease with the incidence varying globally between 10% and 60%. Insomnia is described as Sahar or Bekhaabi in the Unani System of Medicine. Thirty Unani Classical Literature reviewed; 19 were relevant to Insomnia, and 9 were related to Regimenal Therapy. Thirteen therapies explored: Naṭūl, Sa‘ūṭ, Tadhīn, Ḥammām, Dalk, Riyāḍat, Ṭilā’, Ḍimād, Lakhlakha, Shamūm, Qaṭūr, Nashūq, Pāshoya. These therapies are beneficial for managing Insomnia. \u0000Conclusion: The implication of Regimenal Therapy appears promising and describes its possible uses for Insomnia. Use of regimenal therapies with fewer drugs, which seems to be effective for Insomnia. Further clinical studies are required to scientifically validate the existing Regimenal Therapy about its efficacy and safety. \u0000Keywords: Insomnia, Ilaj bil Tadbeer, Regimenal therapy, Sahar, Unani System of Medicine","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6542
Abubaker Ibrahim Mohamed, Ashraf ALakkad, S. K. Noor
Background: The rise of cardiovascular diseases poses a significant global threat, not only in terms of morbidity and mortality but also due to their substantial economic burden. Understanding the specific patterns of CVDs within various populations is crucial for effective prevention, early diagnosis, and management. Objective: This study aimed to determine the pattern of cardiovascular disease using echocardiography in River Nile State. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 aimed to ascertain the pattern of cardiovascular diseases using echocardiography in River Nile State. A sample of 1000 participants from Atbara Teaching Hospital, Atbara Complex, and Shendi Teaching Hospital was included. The study population comprised all Sudanese patients undergoing echocardiography in the region. Inclusion criteria involved patients presenting for echocardiography who consented to participate, while refusal to participate constituted exclusion criteria. Data collection involved obtaining written consent from patients and recording echocardiographic findings, including age, gender, and patterns of heart disease, using standardized data sheets. Results: The findings revealed a mean age of 72±6.8 years, with females comprising 64.7% of the sample. Hypertensive heart disease (31.5%) and valvular lesions (29.8%) emerged as the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Ischemic heart disease (11.2%), rheumatic heart disease (8.3%), and cardiomyopathy (5.7%) were also notable. Patterns of cardiovascular diseases showed significant associations with age and gender, with hypertensive heart disease and valvular lesions more prevalent in older age groups, while congenital heart disease was more prevalent among younger individuals (20–40 years). Conclusion: The study revealed that hypertensive heart disease (31.5%) and valvular lesions (29.8%) as the dominant CVD patterns. Focusing on these conditions with tailored prevention, early diagnosis, and management is crucial, especially for older individuals. Keywords: Cardiac diseases, Comorbidity, Nile State, Pattern.
{"title":"The pattern of cardiovascular disease in River Nile State (October 2019-April 2020)","authors":"Abubaker Ibrahim Mohamed, Ashraf ALakkad, S. K. Noor","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6542","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rise of cardiovascular diseases poses a significant global threat, not only in terms of morbidity and mortality but also due to their substantial economic burden. Understanding the specific patterns of CVDs within various populations is crucial for effective prevention, early diagnosis, and management. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to determine the pattern of cardiovascular disease using echocardiography in River Nile State. \u0000Methods: This prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 aimed to ascertain the pattern of cardiovascular diseases using echocardiography in River Nile State. A sample of 1000 participants from Atbara Teaching Hospital, Atbara Complex, and Shendi Teaching Hospital was included. The study population comprised all Sudanese patients undergoing echocardiography in the region. Inclusion criteria involved patients presenting for echocardiography who consented to participate, while refusal to participate constituted exclusion criteria. Data collection involved obtaining written consent from patients and recording echocardiographic findings, including age, gender, and patterns of heart disease, using standardized data sheets. \u0000Results: The findings revealed a mean age of 72±6.8 years, with females comprising 64.7% of the sample. Hypertensive heart disease (31.5%) and valvular lesions (29.8%) emerged as the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Ischemic heart disease (11.2%), rheumatic heart disease (8.3%), and cardiomyopathy (5.7%) were also notable. Patterns of cardiovascular diseases showed significant associations with age and gender, with hypertensive heart disease and valvular lesions more prevalent in older age groups, while congenital heart disease was more prevalent among younger individuals (20–40 years). \u0000Conclusion: The study revealed that hypertensive heart disease (31.5%) and valvular lesions (29.8%) as the dominant CVD patterns. Focusing on these conditions with tailored prevention, early diagnosis, and management is crucial, especially for older individuals. \u0000Keywords: Cardiac diseases, Comorbidity, Nile State, Pattern.","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" September","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6535
Mbaïgolmem Valery Beral, Bessimbaye Nadlaou, T. Abdelsalam
Raw milk and its derivatives are foodstuffs vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria and failure to comply with hygiene rules. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cow's milk and to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine against these bacteria in Chad. This was a prospective and analytical study based on bacteriological examination including 180 milk samples collected in 10 districts of N'Djamena. The isolation, identification and testing of sensitivity of isolated bacteria to antibiotics were carried out under standard food bacteriology conditions. Among 180 milk samples which were screened by bacteriological examination, 71 (34.44%) cases were positive. The bacterial strains isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (38.03%), Streptococcus agalactiae (18.31%), Staphylococcus hyicus (11.27%), Streptococcus uberis (7.04%), Escherichia coliO157H7 (7.04%), Streptococcus pyogenes (5.63%), Aeromonas hydrophila (5.63%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.22%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2.81%). The risk factors most frequently associated with milk contamination were hand milking (100%) followed by unsanitary environment (65%), 35% of milks were sold in reused bottles and 58% of vendors and producers were uneducated. The antibiogram of the 69 isolated bacterial agents showed reduced sensitivities to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, and varied resistance to cyclins and fluoroquinolones. Streptomycin remains an aminoglycoside most sensitive to all strains of pathogenic bacteria with an average level of 95.7%. Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hyicus) developed an average resistance of 80.15% to methycillin, 80.1% to vancomycin and all bacteria showed an average resistance of 85% to metronidazole. Streptococci strains (Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus pyogenes) were very sensitive (76.3%) to vancomycin. The isolated Listeria monocytogenes strains were 100%sensitive to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams. The two-strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected by GeneXpert had a profile of 50%sensitivity and 50%resistance to rifampicin. This study not only made it possible to know the high rate and frequency of pathogenic bacteria in cow's milk as well as the associated risk factors, but also showed a reduction in sensitivity of bacteria to aminopenicillins and aminoglycosides, a strong resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and vancomycin and a high sensitivity of streptococci to vancomycin.
{"title":"Profile of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cow's milk in N'Djamena: associated risk factors and antibiotic resistance","authors":"Mbaïgolmem Valery Beral, Bessimbaye Nadlaou, T. Abdelsalam","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6535","url":null,"abstract":"Raw milk and its derivatives are foodstuffs vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria and failure to comply with hygiene rules. \u0000The objective of this study was to determine the profile of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cow's milk and to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine against these bacteria in Chad. \u0000This was a prospective and analytical study based on bacteriological examination including 180 milk samples collected in 10 districts of N'Djamena. The isolation, identification and testing of sensitivity of isolated bacteria to antibiotics were carried out under standard food bacteriology conditions. \u0000Among 180 milk samples which were screened by bacteriological examination, 71 (34.44%) cases were positive. The bacterial strains isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (38.03%), Streptococcus agalactiae (18.31%), Staphylococcus hyicus (11.27%), Streptococcus uberis (7.04%), Escherichia coliO157H7 (7.04%), Streptococcus pyogenes (5.63%), Aeromonas hydrophila (5.63%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.22%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2.81%). The risk factors most frequently associated with milk contamination were hand milking (100%) followed by unsanitary environment (65%), 35% of milks were sold in reused bottles and 58% of vendors and producers were uneducated. \u0000The antibiogram of the 69 isolated bacterial agents showed reduced sensitivities to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, and varied resistance to cyclins and fluoroquinolones. Streptomycin remains an aminoglycoside most sensitive to all strains of pathogenic bacteria with an average level of 95.7%. Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hyicus) developed an average resistance of 80.15% to methycillin, 80.1% to vancomycin and all bacteria showed an average resistance of 85% to metronidazole. Streptococci strains (Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus pyogenes) were very sensitive (76.3%) to vancomycin. The isolated Listeria monocytogenes strains were 100%sensitive to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams. \u0000The two-strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected by GeneXpert had a profile of 50%sensitivity and 50%resistance to rifampicin. \u0000This study not only made it possible to know the high rate and frequency of pathogenic bacteria in cow's milk as well as the associated risk factors, but also showed a reduction in sensitivity of bacteria to aminopenicillins and aminoglycosides, a strong resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and vancomycin and a high sensitivity of streptococci to vancomycin.","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6557
Ankit Sharma, Lalit Kumar, Meenakshi Malhotra, A. Singh, A. Singh
Herbal medicine, also known as phytomedicine, utilizes various plant parts like leaves, fruits, roots, bark, or flowers for their health benefits, standing as an alternative healthcare approach to conventional medicine. Traditional herbal remedies, integral to medical systems worldwide, notably in China and India, are gaining global recognition for their efficacy and fewer side effects. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional herbal medicine for primary healthcare, as per the World Health Organization. Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, commonly known as pineapple, belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, encompassing about 50 genera and 200 species. Pineapple, a perennial herbaceous plant, exhibits unique physical attributes, with its main parts including the stem, leaves, peduncle, multiple fruit, crown, shoots, and roots. Pineapple contains various amino acids, including tyrosine and tryptophan, along with bromelain, an enzyme aiding digestion by breaking down proteins. This review outlines previous research on the phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of Ananas comosus, highlighting its diverse medicinal properties. From antimicrobial and anticancer activities to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects, pineapple demonstrates significant therapeutic potential across multiple health domains. Additionally, its nutritional value and traditional uses further underscore its importance as a versatile herbal remedy. Keywords: Ananas comosus, pineapple, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, medicinal properties, bromelain.
{"title":"Ananas comosus (Pineapple): A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties, Phytochemical Composition, and Pharmacological Activities","authors":"Ankit Sharma, Lalit Kumar, Meenakshi Malhotra, A. Singh, A. Singh","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6557","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicine, also known as phytomedicine, utilizes various plant parts like leaves, fruits, roots, bark, or flowers for their health benefits, standing as an alternative healthcare approach to conventional medicine. Traditional herbal remedies, integral to medical systems worldwide, notably in China and India, are gaining global recognition for their efficacy and fewer side effects. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional herbal medicine for primary healthcare, as per the World Health Organization. Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, commonly known as pineapple, belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, encompassing about 50 genera and 200 species. Pineapple, a perennial herbaceous plant, exhibits unique physical attributes, with its main parts including the stem, leaves, peduncle, multiple fruit, crown, shoots, and roots. Pineapple contains various amino acids, including tyrosine and tryptophan, along with bromelain, an enzyme aiding digestion by breaking down proteins. This review outlines previous research on the phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of Ananas comosus, highlighting its diverse medicinal properties. From antimicrobial and anticancer activities to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects, pineapple demonstrates significant therapeutic potential across multiple health domains. Additionally, its nutritional value and traditional uses further underscore its importance as a versatile herbal remedy. \u0000Keywords: Ananas comosus, pineapple, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, medicinal properties, bromelain.","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6544
Ankit Sharma, Meenakshi Malhotra, A. Singh, A. Singh
Neuroprotection refers to the mechanisms and strategies used to protect the Central Nervous System (CNS) from neuronal injuries caused by neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders are a type of chronic condition in which parts of the nervous system deteriorate over time, most notably the brain. These disorders have a slow and gradual effect on an individual. Neurodegeneration is a neuropathological condition and brain aging process. The brain pathology of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, with a death rate of approximately 8% and an incidence rate of approximately 2/1000. It is a major health issue in the twenty-first century. According to researchers, this disease affects over 50 million people worldwide. These disorders primarily affect people over the age of 65, and the World Health Organization predicts that this number will more than double in the next 30 years. Confusion, difficulty thinking, pain, muscle spasms, behavioral changes, paralysis, tremors, balance problems, coordination issues, hunched posture, and fatigue are symptoms of these disorders. These disorders are caused by age, genetics, medical history, habits, routine, and environment. This review article is focused on herbs such as Crocus sativus and Curcuma longa which are very helpful in Neurodegenerative diseases and serve as a resource for future research. Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Medicinal Herbs, Neuroprotection, Neuroprotective plants, Parkinson, Alzheimer.
{"title":"Exploring Neuroprotective Botanical Remedies in Neurodegenerative Conditions: A Review","authors":"Ankit Sharma, Meenakshi Malhotra, A. Singh, A. Singh","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6544","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroprotection refers to the mechanisms and strategies used to protect the Central Nervous System (CNS) from neuronal injuries caused by neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders are a type of chronic condition in which parts of the nervous system deteriorate over time, most notably the brain. These disorders have a slow and gradual effect on an individual. Neurodegeneration is a neuropathological condition and brain aging process. The brain pathology of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, with a death rate of approximately 8% and an incidence rate of approximately 2/1000. It is a major health issue in the twenty-first century. According to researchers, this disease affects over 50 million people worldwide. These disorders primarily affect people over the age of 65, and the World Health Organization predicts that this number will more than double in the next 30 years. Confusion, difficulty thinking, pain, muscle spasms, behavioral changes, paralysis, tremors, balance problems, coordination issues, hunched posture, and fatigue are symptoms of these disorders. These disorders are caused by age, genetics, medical history, habits, routine, and environment. This review article is focused on herbs such as Crocus sativus and Curcuma longa which are very helpful in Neurodegenerative diseases and serve as a resource for future research. \u0000Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Medicinal Herbs, Neuroprotection, Neuroprotective plants, Parkinson, Alzheimer.","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6523
Shanmugam M Sakthisankaran, Devaraj Sakthipriya, Mahalingam Swamivelmanickam
Tobacco use remains a significant public health concern globally, with over 8 million anticipated deaths annually by 2030, despite declining rates in some high-income nations. Smoking is prevalent worldwide, particularly in developing and middle-income countries, where over 80% of smokers reside. The inhalation of tobacco substances leads to various diseases, including cancer and respiratory ailments, resulting in more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and other major causes combined. Secondhand smoke exposure also poses significant health risks. The economic burden of tobacco-related deaths and diseases is substantial, especially in low- and middle-income economies, where almost 80% of tobacco-related deaths occur. Lack of awareness, societal influence, and ineffective enforcement of anti-tobacco laws contribute to widespread tobacco use. Although anti-tobacco campaigns and policies have shown some success, challenges persist, particularly in rural areas where tobacco dependence is high. In India, despite declining tobacco use attributed to awareness campaigns and increased taxes on cigarettes, certain demographics, such as middle-aged individuals, illiterates, and rural residents, continue to have high tobacco consumption rates due to inadequate implementation of anti-tobacco norms and limited access to information. Quitting smoking can significantly extend life expectancy and reduce the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, nicotine addiction poses a challenge, with only a small percentage of users successfully quitting without assistance. Professional support and cessation drugs can double the likelihood of successful quitting, and nicotine replacement therapy has shown effectiveness. Overall, there is no safe level of cigarette use, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive tobacco control efforts to mitigate the global health and economic impacts of tobacco use. This review deals with the health risks associated with tobacco consumption in humans. Keywords: Tobacco, Nicotine, Carcinogens, Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Health Risks Associated with Tobacco Consumption in Humans: An Overview","authors":"Shanmugam M Sakthisankaran, Devaraj Sakthipriya, Mahalingam Swamivelmanickam","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6523","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use remains a significant public health concern globally, with over 8 million anticipated deaths annually by 2030, despite declining rates in some high-income nations. Smoking is prevalent worldwide, particularly in developing and middle-income countries, where over 80% of smokers reside. The inhalation of tobacco substances leads to various diseases, including cancer and respiratory ailments, resulting in more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and other major causes combined. Secondhand smoke exposure also poses significant health risks. The economic burden of tobacco-related deaths and diseases is substantial, especially in low- and middle-income economies, where almost 80% of tobacco-related deaths occur. Lack of awareness, societal influence, and ineffective enforcement of anti-tobacco laws contribute to widespread tobacco use. Although anti-tobacco campaigns and policies have shown some success, challenges persist, particularly in rural areas where tobacco dependence is high. In India, despite declining tobacco use attributed to awareness campaigns and increased taxes on cigarettes, certain demographics, such as middle-aged individuals, illiterates, and rural residents, continue to have high tobacco consumption rates due to inadequate implementation of anti-tobacco norms and limited access to information. Quitting smoking can significantly extend life expectancy and reduce the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, nicotine addiction poses a challenge, with only a small percentage of users successfully quitting without assistance. Professional support and cessation drugs can double the likelihood of successful quitting, and nicotine replacement therapy has shown effectiveness. Overall, there is no safe level of cigarette use, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive tobacco control efforts to mitigate the global health and economic impacts of tobacco use. This review deals with the health risks associated with tobacco consumption in humans. \u0000Keywords: Tobacco, Nicotine, Carcinogens, Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6564
Mohyadin Abdullahi Ahmed, Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim, R. Yusuf, Beder Jama Yusuf, Abdirahman Muhumed Mahamud, Fatima Said Duale, Mustafe Abdi Ali, Mustafa Mohamud Farah
Background: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a variety of infectious and non-infectious agents, leading to a range of health problems. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause both acute and chronic liver disease, and the most common virus that can be transmitted from mother to child and other modes of transmission are contact with blood or other body fluids during sexual intercourse, unsafe injections, or exposure to sharp instruments. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at Bosaso General Hospital, Puntland, Somalia, in 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 pregnant women who underwent routine ANC at Bosaso General hospital from March 15 to May 15. Study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A systematic random sampling technique was used to identify participants. Data entry, editing, and cleanup of the collected data were performed by the principal investigator using EPI data, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20 to examine the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations. Result: A total of 302 respondents participated in the study, with a response rate of 96.8%. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women was 6.6% (95% CI = 4.0–9.8). Having a history of dental procedures (AOR = 5.52, 95% CI = 1.190–25.68), a history of blood transfusion (AOR = 5.02, 95% CI = 1.088–23.19), a history surgical procedure (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.014–21.76), or having a family history of HBV infection (AOR = 10.07, 95% CI = (1.27–79.63) were significant predictors of HBV infection among pregnant women. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HBV was intermediate (2–8%) in the study area according to WHO classification. A history of dental procedures, blood transfusion, surgical procedures, and a family history of hepatitis B virus infection were significantly associated with HBV infection. Keywords: Sero-prevalence; Bosaso; hepatitis B virus; pregnant women.
{"title":"Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bosaso general hospital, Puntland, Somalia 2023: A cross-sectional study design","authors":"Mohyadin Abdullahi Ahmed, Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim, R. Yusuf, Beder Jama Yusuf, Abdirahman Muhumed Mahamud, Fatima Said Duale, Mustafe Abdi Ali, Mustafa Mohamud Farah","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6564","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a variety of infectious and non-infectious agents, leading to a range of health problems. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause both acute and chronic liver disease, and the most common virus that can be transmitted from mother to child and other modes of transmission are contact with blood or other body fluids during sexual intercourse, unsafe injections, or exposure to sharp instruments. \u0000Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at Bosaso General Hospital, Puntland, Somalia, in 2023. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 pregnant women who underwent routine ANC at Bosaso General hospital from March 15 to May 15. Study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A systematic random sampling technique was used to identify participants. Data entry, editing, and cleanup of the collected data were performed by the principal investigator using EPI data, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20 to examine the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations. \u0000Result: A total of 302 respondents participated in the study, with a response rate of 96.8%. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women was 6.6% (95% CI = 4.0–9.8). Having a history of dental procedures (AOR = 5.52, 95% CI = 1.190–25.68), a history of blood transfusion (AOR = 5.02, 95% CI = 1.088–23.19), a history surgical procedure (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.014–21.76), or having a family history of HBV infection (AOR = 10.07, 95% CI = (1.27–79.63) were significant predictors of HBV infection among pregnant women. \u0000Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HBV was intermediate (2–8%) in the study area according to WHO classification. A history of dental procedures, blood transfusion, surgical procedures, and a family history of hepatitis B virus infection were significantly associated with HBV infection. \u0000Keywords: Sero-prevalence; Bosaso; hepatitis B virus; pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6585
M. Obut, Süleyman Cemil Oğlak, F. Aşır, Fatma Tuba Karakaş, Nilüfer Dönmezdil, Elif Ağaçayak, E. Şeker, Murat Akkuş
Objective: The placenta plays a key role in the development of pre-eclampsia. Knowledge of the histopathologic changes in the preeclamptic placenta will improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, which may contribute to the development of timely interventions, prevention strategies or treatment options. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the histopathologic changes in the placentas of pre-eclampsia patients. Material and Methods: This study was conducted between May 01, 2023, and January 31, 2024, at tertiary hospital. A total of 30 pregnancies were included in the study, 15 with preeclampsia and 15 that were otherwise normal pregnancies. After delivery by cesarean section, the placentas of these patients were taken to the Department of Histology and Embryology examined histologically by staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Results: Compared to the control group, the placentas of the pre-eclampsia patients showed a more degeneration of the villi, hemorrhage in the intervillous area, the presence of immune cells, vasodilation, and congestion. In addition, there were more fibrinoid accumulations and more syncytial knots in the placentas of the pre-eclampsia patients. Conclusion: There were histologic differences between the placenta of pre-eclampsia patients and the control group. The studies that search the precursor markers leading to these histopathologic changes are necessary to improve our understanding of preeclampsia and to develop further strategies such as treatment options and prevention strategies. Keywords: Preeclampsia, hematoxylin-eosin staining, histopathologic examination
{"title":"Histopathologic Changes in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia","authors":"M. Obut, Süleyman Cemil Oğlak, F. Aşır, Fatma Tuba Karakaş, Nilüfer Dönmezdil, Elif Ağaçayak, E. Şeker, Murat Akkuş","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6585","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The placenta plays a key role in the development of pre-eclampsia. Knowledge of the histopathologic changes in the preeclamptic placenta will improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, which may contribute to the development of timely interventions, prevention strategies or treatment options. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the histopathologic changes in the placentas of pre-eclampsia patients. \u0000Material and Methods: This study was conducted between May 01, 2023, and January 31, 2024, at tertiary hospital. A total of 30 pregnancies were included in the study, 15 with preeclampsia and 15 that were otherwise normal pregnancies. After delivery by cesarean section, the placentas of these patients were taken to the Department of Histology and Embryology examined histologically by staining with hematoxylin-eosin. \u0000Results: Compared to the control group, the placentas of the pre-eclampsia patients showed a more degeneration of the villi, hemorrhage in the intervillous area, the presence of immune cells, vasodilation, and congestion. In addition, there were more fibrinoid accumulations and more syncytial knots in the placentas of the pre-eclampsia patients. \u0000Conclusion: There were histologic differences between the placenta of pre-eclampsia patients and the control group. The studies that search the precursor markers leading to these histopathologic changes are necessary to improve our understanding of preeclampsia and to develop further strategies such as treatment options and prevention strategies. \u0000Keywords: Preeclampsia, hematoxylin-eosin staining, histopathologic examination","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6513
Evariste Ntezirizaza, Ishimwe Alain Prudence, Baptiste Jean Habanabakize, Tuyishime Jean De Dieu
CD4 count measures the degree of immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients and is used to monitor HIV infection progression in human body. HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and if not treated, can lead to AIDS The rate of CD4 cells destruction is directly proportional to progressive replication of HIV. Pregnant women infected with HIV have high risk of mother to child transmission of HIV infection and are prone to excessive immunosuppression and increased viral load if their CD4 cell count is not properly maintained. Pregnancy may influence CD4 cells count reduction or don’t, that’s why this study focused on evaluation of CD4 count in HIV infected pregnant women. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between pregnancy trimesters and CD4 count among HIV infected pregnant women at KDH. The study was a cross sectional study which included 46 patients who visited kibagabaga level two teaching hospital in 5 months. Data were obtained by collecting venous blood of patients, testing their CD4 count and use of a questionnaire to evaluate the risk factors associated with changes in CD4 count. Data collected were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 and Microsoft word, the presentation of results was done using tables. Variables with p-value less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study showed that there is an association between pregnancy trimesters and CD4 count among HIV infected pregnant women where 21(45.6%) women were in third trimester and had the highest CD4 count compared to women in the 2nd trimester 14(30.4%) followed by women in 1st trimester 11(24%) with p-value of 0.04 which is statistically significant. In evaluated CD4 count changes, associated risk factors were, antiretroviral treatment intake, diet intake, education level, pregnancy trimester, and closely spaced pregnancies. Which were found to have p-values 0.00, 0.00, 0.04, 0.04 and 0.01 that were statistically significant respectively. Keywords: HIV, CD4 Count, Pregnant women
CD4 细胞计数可测量 HIV 阳性患者的免疫抑制程度，用于监测 HIV 在人体内的感染进展。CD4 细胞的破坏速度与 HIV 的逐渐复制速度成正比。感染艾滋病病毒的孕妇母婴传播艾滋病病毒的风险很高，如果 CD4 细胞数量维持不当，容易造成过度免疫抑制和病毒载量增加。怀孕可能会影响 CD4 细胞数量的减少，也可能不会，这就是本研究重点评估感染 HIV 孕妇 CD4 细胞数量的原因。本研究的目的是确定在 KDH 感染 HIV 的孕妇中，怀孕三个月与 CD4 细胞计数之间的关系。该研究是一项横断面研究，包括 46 名在 5 个月内到过基巴加巴加二级教学医院的患者。研究人员通过采集患者的静脉血、检测其 CD4 细胞计数以及使用问卷评估与 CD4 细胞计数变化相关的风险因素来获取数据。收集到的数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）22.0 版和 Microsoft Word 进行分析，结果以表格形式呈现。P值小于或等于0.05的变量被认为具有统计学意义。研究结果表明，感染艾滋病毒的孕妇中，怀孕三个月与 CD4 细胞数之间存在关联，其中 21 名（45.6%）孕妇怀孕三个月，CD4 细胞数最高，相比之下，怀孕两个月的孕妇 CD4 细胞数最高，为 14 名（30.4%），其次是怀孕三个月的孕妇，CD4 细胞数最高，为 11 名（24%），P 值为 0.04，具有统计学意义。在评估的 CD4 细胞数变化中，相关的风险因素包括：抗逆转录病毒治疗的摄入量、饮食摄入量、教育水平、怀孕三个月和怀孕间隔较近。这些因素的 P 值分别为 0.00、0.00、0.04、0.04 和 0.01，具有统计学意义。关键词艾滋病毒 CD4 细胞计数 孕妇
{"title":"Evaluation of CD4 Count in HIV Infected Pregnant Women at Kibagabaga Level Two Teaching Hospital","authors":"Evariste Ntezirizaza, Ishimwe Alain Prudence, Baptiste Jean Habanabakize, Tuyishime Jean De Dieu","doi":"10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i5.6513","url":null,"abstract":"CD4 count measures the degree of immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients and is used to monitor HIV infection progression in human body. HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and if not treated, can lead to AIDS The rate of CD4 cells destruction is directly proportional to progressive replication of HIV. Pregnant women infected with HIV have high risk of mother to child transmission of HIV infection and are prone to excessive immunosuppression and increased viral load if their CD4 cell count is not properly maintained. Pregnancy may influence CD4 cells count reduction or don’t, that’s why this study focused on evaluation of CD4 count in HIV infected pregnant women. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between pregnancy trimesters and CD4 count among HIV infected pregnant women at KDH. The study was a cross sectional study which included 46 patients who visited kibagabaga level two teaching hospital in 5 months. Data were obtained by collecting venous blood of patients, testing their CD4 count and use of a questionnaire to evaluate the risk factors associated with changes in CD4 count. Data collected were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 and Microsoft word, the presentation of results was done using tables. Variables with p-value less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study showed that there is an association between pregnancy trimesters and CD4 count among HIV infected pregnant women where 21(45.6%) women were in third trimester and had the highest CD4 count compared to women in the 2nd trimester 14(30.4%) followed by women in 1st trimester 11(24%) with p-value of 0.04 which is statistically significant. In evaluated CD4 count changes, associated risk factors were, antiretroviral treatment intake, diet intake, education level, pregnancy trimester, and closely spaced pregnancies. Which were found to have p-values 0.00, 0.00, 0.04, 0.04 and 0.01 that were statistically significant respectively. \u0000Keywords: HIV, CD4 Count, Pregnant women","PeriodicalId":15622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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