Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/175200
A. Borgulat, Jacek Borgulat, M. Głodniok
Millions of tons of casting waste are generated annually worldwide, which should be subjected to recycling, as per the principles of circular economy. Spent foundry sands can be used for producing soil substitutes, but the process should yield products with guaranteed biological safety. The goal of this work was to conduct a safety evaluation of soil substitutes produced based on casting and organic waste. Toxicity tests were performed for this purpose, based on measurements involving the germination efficiency and the effect of the studied compositions on the bio - mass, sprout and root growth of Sinapis alba. In addition, an analysis of the content of chlorophyll A and B and of carotenoids was carried out, as well as a measurement of the lipid peroxidation level (content of malondialdehyde – MDA) to assess the potential oxidative stress in the tested plants. The compositions for soil formation prepared using casting waste as a mineral fraction and organic waste (compost, green waste, biogas plant digestate) had a stimulating effect on the rhizospheric and epigeal part growth of Sinapis alba . The germination efficiency in the prepared soil substitutes exhibited no significant difference from the germination efficiency in the control sample. However, the presence of oxidative stress (increased carotenoid and MDA contents) was found in the substitute containing green waste, which could be the result of water deficiency in the plants growing in this substrate. The complex testing of the compositions prepared based on casting waste (spent foundry sand) proved the validity of using such products as soil substitutes.
{"title":"Safety Evaluation of Soil Substitutes Produced Based on Organic and Casting Waste","authors":"A. Borgulat, Jacek Borgulat, M. Głodniok","doi":"10.12911/22998993/175200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/175200","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of tons of casting waste are generated annually worldwide, which should be subjected to recycling, as per the principles of circular economy. Spent foundry sands can be used for producing soil substitutes, but the process should yield products with guaranteed biological safety. The goal of this work was to conduct a safety evaluation of soil substitutes produced based on casting and organic waste. Toxicity tests were performed for this purpose, based on measurements involving the germination efficiency and the effect of the studied compositions on the bio - mass, sprout and root growth of Sinapis alba. In addition, an analysis of the content of chlorophyll A and B and of carotenoids was carried out, as well as a measurement of the lipid peroxidation level (content of malondialdehyde – MDA) to assess the potential oxidative stress in the tested plants. The compositions for soil formation prepared using casting waste as a mineral fraction and organic waste (compost, green waste, biogas plant digestate) had a stimulating effect on the rhizospheric and epigeal part growth of Sinapis alba . The germination efficiency in the prepared soil substitutes exhibited no significant difference from the germination efficiency in the control sample. However, the presence of oxidative stress (increased carotenoid and MDA contents) was found in the substitute containing green waste, which could be the result of water deficiency in the plants growing in this substrate. The complex testing of the compositions prepared based on casting waste (spent foundry sand) proved the validity of using such products as soil substitutes.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/174834
T. Atakulov, Sagynbai Kaldybaev, K. Erzhanova, Kuanysh Zholamanov, Duman Zhuniskhan, Aidos Tolekov, Adil Kusmangazinov
The results of the study open up fundamentally new areas of intensive use of irrigated land in the southern and south-eastern Kazakhstan, ensuring harvest of two crops per year. For the first time, a technology for creating a green conveyor based on the bioclimatic potential of the growing area has been developed. By taking into account agro-climatic conditions we determined climatic requirements of plants suitable for harvesting two crops per year. The aim of the research was to increase productivity of irrigated land, by using intermediate crops to produce two harvests per year and to create a green conveyor to provide the livestock industry with highly nutritious green fod-der. The research was carried out at the experimental and production station of the research, production, and educational center of Bayserke-Agro LLP of the Talgar district of the Almaty region, on light chestnut soils. The main crops, winter rapeseed and triticale, grew since early spring. In the phase of full flowering, rapeseed accumulated 6,760 g of green biomass per m 2 , and in the phase of grain setting, winter triticale accumulated 6,480 g of green biomass per m 2 . In the rapeseed flowering phase, the yield of green biomass reached 676 centners per hectare, and that of triticale, 648 centners per hectare. The yield of the ripe rapeseed grain was 25.2 centners per hectare, and that of triticale, 63.8 centners per hectare. The intermediate crop, corn for grain, can complete its vegetation after harvesting rapeseed and triticale for green biomass. An additional grain crop amounts to 73.0 centners per hectare, and an additional green biomass yield for silage, to 720 centners per hectare. By sowing intermediate crops, it is possible to harvest larger amounts of fodder from irrigated arable land. In the option without intermediate crops, the total harvest of feed units was 67.9 centners per hectare, and in the option with sowing corn as an intermediate crop for silage and grain. The results showed that the highest net income of 143.8–160.8 thousand tenge per hectare and the profitability level of 89.8–97.5% were obtained when sowing intermediate crops after harvesting winter rapeseed and triticale.
{"title":"Use of Intermediate Crops to Increase Productivity of Irrigated Arable Land in Southeastern Kazakhstan","authors":"T. Atakulov, Sagynbai Kaldybaev, K. Erzhanova, Kuanysh Zholamanov, Duman Zhuniskhan, Aidos Tolekov, Adil Kusmangazinov","doi":"10.12911/22998993/174834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/174834","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the study open up fundamentally new areas of intensive use of irrigated land in the southern and south-eastern Kazakhstan, ensuring harvest of two crops per year. For the first time, a technology for creating a green conveyor based on the bioclimatic potential of the growing area has been developed. By taking into account agro-climatic conditions we determined climatic requirements of plants suitable for harvesting two crops per year. The aim of the research was to increase productivity of irrigated land, by using intermediate crops to produce two harvests per year and to create a green conveyor to provide the livestock industry with highly nutritious green fod-der. The research was carried out at the experimental and production station of the research, production, and educational center of Bayserke-Agro LLP of the Talgar district of the Almaty region, on light chestnut soils. The main crops, winter rapeseed and triticale, grew since early spring. In the phase of full flowering, rapeseed accumulated 6,760 g of green biomass per m 2 , and in the phase of grain setting, winter triticale accumulated 6,480 g of green biomass per m 2 . In the rapeseed flowering phase, the yield of green biomass reached 676 centners per hectare, and that of triticale, 648 centners per hectare. The yield of the ripe rapeseed grain was 25.2 centners per hectare, and that of triticale, 63.8 centners per hectare. The intermediate crop, corn for grain, can complete its vegetation after harvesting rapeseed and triticale for green biomass. An additional grain crop amounts to 73.0 centners per hectare, and an additional green biomass yield for silage, to 720 centners per hectare. By sowing intermediate crops, it is possible to harvest larger amounts of fodder from irrigated arable land. In the option without intermediate crops, the total harvest of feed units was 67.9 centners per hectare, and in the option with sowing corn as an intermediate crop for silage and grain. The results showed that the highest net income of 143.8–160.8 thousand tenge per hectare and the profitability level of 89.8–97.5% were obtained when sowing intermediate crops after harvesting winter rapeseed and triticale.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"46 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/173209
Osama Jassim Attar, R. Alrubaye
This paper describes the synthesis of a promising material and evaluates the suitability of a metal-organic frame - work (MOF-199) for purifying toxic methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater via an adsorption process. (MOF-199) is considered much better than traditional adsorbents. The research focused on determining the adsorption char - acteristics and dye removal effectiveness with MOF-199, where several factors were studied, including dye con - centration, contact time, amount of adsorbent, and pH. The highest observed dye removal efficiency was 97.21% when the pH was 7.5, and the reaction duration was 90 minutes. This was achieved by adding 0.2 g of MOF-199 to a dye solution containing 20 mg/L methylene blue. The adsorption process was evaluated by Langmuir, and the Freundlich isotherm models. As the strong correlation factor (R 2 = 0.9989) indicates a pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the adsorption methylene blue by MOF-199 the best. This indicates that the main mechanism of dye removal is chemisorption. Finally, the MOF-199 material can have remarkable reusability as an adsorption material for MB and subsequent efficiency of MOF-199 exhibited a reduction of 14.43% after undergoing four cycles, compared to its initial state. Yet, it remained at a commendably high level.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of a Contemporary Type of Metal-Organic Framework and its Application for Purification Wastewater from Toxic Methylene Blue Dye","authors":"Osama Jassim Attar, R. Alrubaye","doi":"10.12911/22998993/173209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/173209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the synthesis of a promising material and evaluates the suitability of a metal-organic frame - work (MOF-199) for purifying toxic methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater via an adsorption process. (MOF-199) is considered much better than traditional adsorbents. The research focused on determining the adsorption char - acteristics and dye removal effectiveness with MOF-199, where several factors were studied, including dye con - centration, contact time, amount of adsorbent, and pH. The highest observed dye removal efficiency was 97.21% when the pH was 7.5, and the reaction duration was 90 minutes. This was achieved by adding 0.2 g of MOF-199 to a dye solution containing 20 mg/L methylene blue. The adsorption process was evaluated by Langmuir, and the Freundlich isotherm models. As the strong correlation factor (R 2 = 0.9989) indicates a pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the adsorption methylene blue by MOF-199 the best. This indicates that the main mechanism of dye removal is chemisorption. Finally, the MOF-199 material can have remarkable reusability as an adsorption material for MB and subsequent efficiency of MOF-199 exhibited a reduction of 14.43% after undergoing four cycles, compared to its initial state. Yet, it remained at a commendably high level.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/171650
Аntonina Holodna, Oleksandr Lyubchich, Liudmyla Krasiuk, Denys Shliakhturov, Valentina Kaminska, V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs, Z. Kiernicki
converting hard soluble compounds of
将下列硬溶性化合物转化为
{"title":"Peculiarities of Physiological Development and Formation of the Harvest of the Narrow-Leaved Lupine under Various Weather Conditions","authors":"Аntonina Holodna, Oleksandr Lyubchich, Liudmyla Krasiuk, Denys Shliakhturov, Valentina Kaminska, V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs, Z. Kiernicki","doi":"10.12911/22998993/171650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/171650","url":null,"abstract":"converting hard soluble compounds of","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/175497
Mohammad Hamdan, E. Abdelhafez, Akram Musa, S. Ajib
Photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is vital for efficient and effective solar energy utilization within the energy ecosystem. It enables grid stability, cost savings, and the seamless integration of solar power into the broader energy infrastructure. In this work, previously obtained data on the estimation of the power produced by a PV, which is cooled by L-shaped aluminum fins attached to the backside of the PV at different spacings, is used to predict the power produced by the PV. This is achieved by employing both neural network models and multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques to assess the correlation between power generated by PV with L-shaped aluminum fins and its input variables. Two distinct approaches were employed for this purpose. The first approach involved the conventional MLR model, while the second utilized a neural network, specifically the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model. The estimated outcomes were subsequently compared against the previously measured data. The MLP model showed a great ability to identify the relationship between input and output variables, it was noted. The statistical error study provided evidence of data mining’s acceptable accuracy when using the MLP model. Conversely, the results indicated that the MLR technique exhibited the least ability to estimate the power generated by PV with L-shaped aluminum fins.
光伏（PV）功率预测对于在能源生态系统中高效利用太阳能至关重要。它能确保电网稳定、节约成本，并将太阳能无缝集成到更广泛的能源基础设施中。在这项工作中，我们利用之前获得的光伏发电功率估算数据来预测光伏发电功率，这些数据是通过以不同间距连接在光伏背面的 L 型铝鳍片来冷却的。为此，采用了神经网络模型和多元线性回归 (MLR) 技术来评估带有 L 型铝鳍片的光伏发电功率与其输入变量之间的相关性。为此采用了两种不同的方法。第一种方法涉及传统的 MLR 模型，第二种方法利用神经网络，特别是多层感知器 (MLP) 模型。随后，将估计结果与先前测量的数据进行了比较。据指出，MLP 模型在识别输入和输出变量之间的关系方面表现出很强的能力。统计误差研究证明，在使用 MLP 模型时，数据挖掘的准确性是可以接受的。相反，结果表明，MLR 技术在估算带有 L 型铝鳍片的光伏发电功率方面能力最低。
{"title":"Estimation of Photovoltaic Module Performance with L-Shaped Aluminum Fins Using Weather Data","authors":"Mohammad Hamdan, E. Abdelhafez, Akram Musa, S. Ajib","doi":"10.12911/22998993/175497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/175497","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is vital for efficient and effective solar energy utilization within the energy ecosystem. It enables grid stability, cost savings, and the seamless integration of solar power into the broader energy infrastructure. In this work, previously obtained data on the estimation of the power produced by a PV, which is cooled by L-shaped aluminum fins attached to the backside of the PV at different spacings, is used to predict the power produced by the PV. This is achieved by employing both neural network models and multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques to assess the correlation between power generated by PV with L-shaped aluminum fins and its input variables. Two distinct approaches were employed for this purpose. The first approach involved the conventional MLR model, while the second utilized a neural network, specifically the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model. The estimated outcomes were subsequently compared against the previously measured data. The MLP model showed a great ability to identify the relationship between input and output variables, it was noted. The statistical error study provided evidence of data mining’s acceptable accuracy when using the MLP model. Conversely, the results indicated that the MLR technique exhibited the least ability to estimate the power generated by PV with L-shaped aluminum fins.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"55 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/175877
Nargol Ghazian, C. Lortie
The wide definition of ecological engineering, a vast, multidisciplinary field, is the application and theoretical understanding of scientific and technical disciplines to protect natural habitats, as well as man-made and natural re - sources. The following two ideas are central themes in ecological engineering: (1) restoring substantially disturbed ecosystems as a result of anthropogenic activities and pollution, and (2) the synthesis of sustainable ecosystems that have ecological and human value by heavily relying on the self-organization capabilities of a system. Given the current paradigm of anthropogenic disturbances, the ideas and approaches of ecological engineering will be key in the creation of ecosystem resilience, eco-cities, and urban spaces. This review aims to discuss the roots of this discipline, draw comparisons to similar fields, including restoration ecology and environmental engineering, and offer a discourse of its basic principles with relevant examples from the literature. The aim is to bridge the gap between ideas such as energy signature, self-organization, and pre-adaptation to sustainable business and circular economy for a future that combines the natural environment with human society for the mutual benefit of both.
{"title":"A Review of the Roots of Ecological Engineering and its Principles","authors":"Nargol Ghazian, C. Lortie","doi":"10.12911/22998993/175877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/175877","url":null,"abstract":"The wide definition of ecological engineering, a vast, multidisciplinary field, is the application and theoretical understanding of scientific and technical disciplines to protect natural habitats, as well as man-made and natural re - sources. The following two ideas are central themes in ecological engineering: (1) restoring substantially disturbed ecosystems as a result of anthropogenic activities and pollution, and (2) the synthesis of sustainable ecosystems that have ecological and human value by heavily relying on the self-organization capabilities of a system. Given the current paradigm of anthropogenic disturbances, the ideas and approaches of ecological engineering will be key in the creation of ecosystem resilience, eco-cities, and urban spaces. This review aims to discuss the roots of this discipline, draw comparisons to similar fields, including restoration ecology and environmental engineering, and offer a discourse of its basic principles with relevant examples from the literature. The aim is to bridge the gap between ideas such as energy signature, self-organization, and pre-adaptation to sustainable business and circular economy for a future that combines the natural environment with human society for the mutual benefit of both.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"43 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/175038
Jonathan Gerardo Chicaiza Intriago, Gema Estefania Zambrano Briones, Carlos Ricardo Delgado Villafuerte, María Fabiola Ávila Martínez, María Fernanda Pincay Cantos
The present study aimed to analyze the linear correlation between the production variables of biofuel based on cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L. ) mucilage in the city of Calceta - Manabí. The issue addressed was the generation of waste from cocoa farming, leading to contamination of aquifers and the land surface. The CCN-51 cocoa variety was used for the research, following the guidelines of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with the proportion of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) as the studied factor, in three quantities: 0.5 kg, 0.1 kg, and 0.025 kg, and two methods of sample dehydration: saline distillation and molecular sieves the interaction between factors generated six treatments, each of which was repeated three times. The study found significant differences in the variables of alcohol content and yield, while there were no differences in pH and ratio/biomass. Treatment T6 was identified as the most feasible for biofuel production, with a pH of 5.86, 83% alcohol content, 76.67 mL ratio/ biomass, and 58.10% yield. Regarding the relationship between the production variables, the analysis of linear correlation revealed a strong, directly proportional correlation for all variables, with values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98.
{"title":"Linear Correlation Analysis of Production Parameters of Biofuel from Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Mucilage","authors":"Jonathan Gerardo Chicaiza Intriago, Gema Estefania Zambrano Briones, Carlos Ricardo Delgado Villafuerte, María Fabiola Ávila Martínez, María Fernanda Pincay Cantos","doi":"10.12911/22998993/175038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/175038","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to analyze the linear correlation between the production variables of biofuel based on cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L. ) mucilage in the city of Calceta - Manabí. The issue addressed was the generation of waste from cocoa farming, leading to contamination of aquifers and the land surface. The CCN-51 cocoa variety was used for the research, following the guidelines of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with the proportion of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) as the studied factor, in three quantities: 0.5 kg, 0.1 kg, and 0.025 kg, and two methods of sample dehydration: saline distillation and molecular sieves the interaction between factors generated six treatments, each of which was repeated three times. The study found significant differences in the variables of alcohol content and yield, while there were no differences in pH and ratio/biomass. Treatment T6 was identified as the most feasible for biofuel production, with a pH of 5.86, 83% alcohol content, 76.67 mL ratio/ biomass, and 58.10% yield. Regarding the relationship between the production variables, the analysis of linear correlation revealed a strong, directly proportional correlation for all variables, with values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"79 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/174833
K. Ignatowicz, Maciej Dziadel
The article introduces one of the leather industries, the tanning industry, which is responsible for some of the most critical processes that leather undergoes before it is used in subsequent parts of the industry. Since the processes carried out require significant amounts of water, they generate equally large amounts of wastewater, which, as industrial wastewater, requires appropriate treatment. Additionally, due to the quantities and complexity of the processes carried out, the chemicals used become demanding in terms of how they are treated and managed. The parameters of wastewater subjected to a collection in a typical tank are changed. In contrast, wastewater from chromium tanning processes, which should be discharged into a separate tank, is a source of chromium pollution with its high content, thus posing a significant danger to the environment. The study made it possible to assess the biodegradability of wastewater generated during production and the concentration of chromium compounds and other pollutants. Based on the results, it was found that the wastewater generated during the production process is biodegradable (except for mixed wastewater), and the concentration of chromium is 2.81–3.11 g/dm 3 .
{"title":"Determination of the Composition of Wastewater from Individual Processes of Leather Tanning Production in a Small Plant","authors":"K. Ignatowicz, Maciej Dziadel","doi":"10.12911/22998993/174833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/174833","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces one of the leather industries, the tanning industry, which is responsible for some of the most critical processes that leather undergoes before it is used in subsequent parts of the industry. Since the processes carried out require significant amounts of water, they generate equally large amounts of wastewater, which, as industrial wastewater, requires appropriate treatment. Additionally, due to the quantities and complexity of the processes carried out, the chemicals used become demanding in terms of how they are treated and managed. The parameters of wastewater subjected to a collection in a typical tank are changed. In contrast, wastewater from chromium tanning processes, which should be discharged into a separate tank, is a source of chromium pollution with its high content, thus posing a significant danger to the environment. The study made it possible to assess the biodegradability of wastewater generated during production and the concentration of chromium compounds and other pollutants. Based on the results, it was found that the wastewater generated during the production process is biodegradable (except for mixed wastewater), and the concentration of chromium is 2.81–3.11 g/dm 3 .","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"39 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/173066
A. Sikorska, M. Gugała, K. Zarzecka, Ł. Domański
The research was carried out in 2018-2021 at the Agricultural Experimental Station, in Poland. The factors of the experiment were three morphotypes of winter oilseed rape: population morphotype, long-stemmed morphotype, semi-dwarf morphotype. The second factor of the experiment corresponded to three ways of using the preparations: 1. Control variant, 2. Organic preparation (Ugmax) 3. Biostimulator containing P₂0₅ and K₂O, 4. Biostimula - tor containing silicon. The aim of the study was the reaction of three morphotypes of winter rape to soil and foliar application of microorganisms as well as inorganic preparations in different growing seasons. Elements of yield structure and yielding of winter rape were determined by a genetic factor. In all growing seasons, the best yielding was in the restored hybrid with the traditional type of growth, while the seed yield of the semi-dwarf form was lower by 5.8% on average, and by 10.0% on average in the population form. The number of seeds in the pod and the value of the yield index (HI) was the most favourable in the restored forms, and the thousand-seed weight and yield in the population form. The preparations applied to the soil and leaves increased the parameters of yield structure and yielding in all tested cultivars. Soil preparation with microorganisms as well as micro and macro ele - ments applied in autumn before sowing seeds and in spring in the BBCH 21-36 phase significantly increased the number of seeds per pod by 3.4% on average; weight of a thousand seeds by 3.5% on average, seed yield by 15.7% on average, straw yield by 4.5% on average compared to the control variant. The ratio of seed yield-to-biomass yield was higher in the heterosis cultivars by an average of 9.2% compared to the population cultivar. The elements of the yield structure as well as the main and by-products were the highest in the growing season with the highest annual rainfall and the highest average air temperature.
{"title":"The Effect of Microorganisms and Inorganic Preparations Applied into the Soil and Leaves on the Yield of Winter Rape (Brassica Napus L.)","authors":"A. Sikorska, M. Gugała, K. Zarzecka, Ł. Domański","doi":"10.12911/22998993/173066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/173066","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in 2018-2021 at the Agricultural Experimental Station, in Poland. The factors of the experiment were three morphotypes of winter oilseed rape: population morphotype, long-stemmed morphotype, semi-dwarf morphotype. The second factor of the experiment corresponded to three ways of using the preparations: 1. Control variant, 2. Organic preparation (Ugmax) 3. Biostimulator containing P₂0₅ and K₂O, 4. Biostimula - tor containing silicon. The aim of the study was the reaction of three morphotypes of winter rape to soil and foliar application of microorganisms as well as inorganic preparations in different growing seasons. Elements of yield structure and yielding of winter rape were determined by a genetic factor. In all growing seasons, the best yielding was in the restored hybrid with the traditional type of growth, while the seed yield of the semi-dwarf form was lower by 5.8% on average, and by 10.0% on average in the population form. The number of seeds in the pod and the value of the yield index (HI) was the most favourable in the restored forms, and the thousand-seed weight and yield in the population form. The preparations applied to the soil and leaves increased the parameters of yield structure and yielding in all tested cultivars. Soil preparation with microorganisms as well as micro and macro ele - ments applied in autumn before sowing seeds and in spring in the BBCH 21-36 phase significantly increased the number of seeds per pod by 3.4% on average; weight of a thousand seeds by 3.5% on average, seed yield by 15.7% on average, straw yield by 4.5% on average compared to the control variant. The ratio of seed yield-to-biomass yield was higher in the heterosis cultivars by an average of 9.2% compared to the population cultivar. The elements of the yield structure as well as the main and by-products were the highest in the growing season with the highest annual rainfall and the highest average air temperature.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/174332
Zhanara Baymagambetova, Bakhytzhan Shilmyrzaevich Kedelbayev, Amir Seitkarimov, Gani Kalymbetov, B. Sapargaliyeva
Long-term unsystematic use of near-settlement pastures in the desert zone of South Kazakhstan had a negative impact on the physic-chemical parameters of Calcisol . Excessive grazing leads to trampling of soil and reduction of soil fertility. The aim of the study was to develop a technology to improve the productivity of degraded near-settlement pastures. The tasks of the research were to determine the effect application of environmental safe biostimulator and biofertilizer on microbial communities, the content of carbon and phosphorus in the soil, the effectiveness of biostimulator application on degraded pastures in order to increase green mass. For this purpose, geobotanical, bacteriological and helminthological methods of analysis were used. The result of the used proposed technology is the activation of soil microorganisms, which leads to the prevention of degradation of arid pastures. The results of the conducted research contribute to the introduction of a better technology to increase the productivity of arid near-settlement pastures. Statistical analysis of the experiments showed that all manipulations on soil microorganisms increase the number and green mass of arid plants.
{"title":"Biostimulator for Arid Pastures in the South of Kazakhstan","authors":"Zhanara Baymagambetova, Bakhytzhan Shilmyrzaevich Kedelbayev, Amir Seitkarimov, Gani Kalymbetov, B. Sapargaliyeva","doi":"10.12911/22998993/174332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/174332","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term unsystematic use of near-settlement pastures in the desert zone of South Kazakhstan had a negative impact on the physic-chemical parameters of Calcisol . Excessive grazing leads to trampling of soil and reduction of soil fertility. The aim of the study was to develop a technology to improve the productivity of degraded near-settlement pastures. The tasks of the research were to determine the effect application of environmental safe biostimulator and biofertilizer on microbial communities, the content of carbon and phosphorus in the soil, the effectiveness of biostimulator application on degraded pastures in order to increase green mass. For this purpose, geobotanical, bacteriological and helminthological methods of analysis were used. The result of the used proposed technology is the activation of soil microorganisms, which leads to the prevention of degradation of arid pastures. The results of the conducted research contribute to the introduction of a better technology to increase the productivity of arid near-settlement pastures. Statistical analysis of the experiments showed that all manipulations on soil microorganisms increase the number and green mass of arid plants.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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