Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186943
Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Bùi Thế Khuynh, Ninh Thị Phíp, Nguyen Dinh Vinh, Dinh Thai Hoang
Applying the biological product of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) is considered an effective strategy to im - prove crop productivity to cope with climate change in current agricultural production. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact on growth, yield, and secondary metabolites of medicinal mondo grass under rainfed conditions. The split-plot design was used with the main factor of six various AMF doses (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg·ha -1 year -1 ) and the sub-factor of two mondo grass genotypes (G1 and G2). AMF supplement had positive effects on both genotypes in increasing canopy size, the number of leaves and tillers, root growth, leaf osmotic pressure and chlorophyll fluorescence, total biomass, yield components, uptake of macronutrients, contents of polysaccharide, saponin, flavonoid, and decreasing leaf water deficit and ion leakage. G2 a higher drought-tolerant genotype performed better than G1 for investigated characteristics (except canopy height and SPAD), but the effect of AMF was clearer in the G1 genotype. Supplement of 300 kg AMF ha -1 year -1 could be the optimum rate for growth and medicinal quality of mondo grass under rainfed conditions.
{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Enhance the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Medicinal Mondo Grass (Ophiopogon japonicus (L.F.) Ker – Gawl.) under Rainfed Conditions","authors":"Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Bùi Thế Khuynh, Ninh Thị Phíp, Nguyen Dinh Vinh, Dinh Thai Hoang","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186943","url":null,"abstract":"Applying the biological product of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) is considered an effective strategy to im - prove crop productivity to cope with climate change in current agricultural production. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact on growth, yield, and secondary metabolites of medicinal mondo grass under rainfed conditions. The split-plot design was used with the main factor of six various AMF doses (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg·ha -1 year -1 ) and the sub-factor of two mondo grass genotypes (G1 and G2). AMF supplement had positive effects on both genotypes in increasing canopy size, the number of leaves and tillers, root growth, leaf osmotic pressure and chlorophyll fluorescence, total biomass, yield components, uptake of macronutrients, contents of polysaccharide, saponin, flavonoid, and decreasing leaf water deficit and ion leakage. G2 a higher drought-tolerant genotype performed better than G1 for investigated characteristics (except canopy height and SPAD), but the effect of AMF was clearer in the G1 genotype. Supplement of 300 kg AMF ha -1 year -1 could be the optimum rate for growth and medicinal quality of mondo grass under rainfed conditions.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186928
Ya.Ya. Hryhoriv, A. Butenko, Halyna Solovei, Vasyl Filon, Mariia Skydan, Natalia Kravchenko, I. Masyk, Elina Zakharchenko, Olena Tykhonova, Anton Polyvanyi
The results of scientific research aimed at studying the impact of land use on the acid–base buffering capacity of gleyed sod–podzolic soils in the Carpathian region were analyzed. The transformation of these indicators was investigated using a comprehensive approach that encompasses the influence of various factors, such as agro - technological methods and atmospheric precipitation, on the acidity and alkalinity parameters of soil solution. The research results confirm a significant influence of these factors on the acid–base characteristics, emphasizing the need for the development of a scientifically grounded approach to managing fertility and stability of the soil environment in agricultural ecosystems of the Carpathians. The study opens the perspectives for optimizing agro-technologies and developing effective measures for the rational use of soil resources in this region.
{"title":"Study of the Impact of Changes in the Acid-Base Buffering Capacity of Surface Sod-Podzolic Soils","authors":"Ya.Ya. Hryhoriv, A. Butenko, Halyna Solovei, Vasyl Filon, Mariia Skydan, Natalia Kravchenko, I. Masyk, Elina Zakharchenko, Olena Tykhonova, Anton Polyvanyi","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186928","url":null,"abstract":"The results of scientific research aimed at studying the impact of land use on the acid–base buffering capacity of gleyed sod–podzolic soils in the Carpathian region were analyzed. The transformation of these indicators was investigated using a comprehensive approach that encompasses the influence of various factors, such as agro - technological methods and atmospheric precipitation, on the acidity and alkalinity parameters of soil solution. The research results confirm a significant influence of these factors on the acid–base characteristics, emphasizing the need for the development of a scientifically grounded approach to managing fertility and stability of the soil environment in agricultural ecosystems of the Carpathians. The study opens the perspectives for optimizing agro-technologies and developing effective measures for the rational use of soil resources in this region.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187146
Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Sohaib Asad, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar, Imran Khan, Naeem Akhtar, Muhammad Arish Hassan, Muhammad Moosa, Zhao Baoyi, H. Almoallim, Mohamad Javed Ansari
Oat is an important winter fodder crop grown in large areas all over the world. Oat is a good source of nutrition and energy, but it is poor in zinc. Presently, livestock is suffering from malnutrition due to a deficiency of zinc
{"title":"Agronomic Bio-fortification of Zinc Improves the Yield and Quality of Fodder Oat","authors":"Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Sohaib Asad, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar, Imran Khan, Naeem Akhtar, Muhammad Arish Hassan, Muhammad Moosa, Zhao Baoyi, H. Almoallim, Mohamad Javed Ansari","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187146","url":null,"abstract":"Oat is an important winter fodder crop grown in large areas all over the world. Oat is a good source of nutrition and energy, but it is poor in zinc. Presently, livestock is suffering from malnutrition due to a deficiency of zinc","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/183719
H. Mahdi, Ali Mohammsd Saleh, A. Alias, Ali H Jawad, Sami D. Salman, Deana Qarizada, Mostafa Mahmood Mostafa, Noah Mohammed Saleh, Mahmod A. Abdulqader
Biomass is an inexpensive adsorbent that has attracted considerable interest. The sol-gel process produced xe-rogel from palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize palm kernel shell biochar xerogel (PKSBX) and compare it with commercial (AC). The synthesized xerogel, raw material, and AC were characterized using different characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scan - ning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum analysis showed a wide range of bonds and confirmed the presence of C = C alkenes, amines N-H, and aromatic C-H functional groups. TGA analysis of samples was conducted at 10 ℃/min. The thermal degradation of the sample undergoes several setups of loss mass. The de - grades occurred between 50200 ℃ first setups, second between 200–700 ℃, and third setups between 950–1000 ℃. The surface morphological structure of each sample has been defined and compared using SEM data, which is further confirmed by XRD data. On the basis of on the characterization findings, it can be determined that the xerogel obtained from the synthesis process using PKSB as the raw material exhibits favorable characteristics for its potential usage as an adsorbent.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon","authors":"H. Mahdi, Ali Mohammsd Saleh, A. Alias, Ali H Jawad, Sami D. Salman, Deana Qarizada, Mostafa Mahmood Mostafa, Noah Mohammed Saleh, Mahmod A. Abdulqader","doi":"10.12911/22998993/183719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/183719","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass is an inexpensive adsorbent that has attracted considerable interest. The sol-gel process produced xe-rogel from palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize palm kernel shell biochar xerogel (PKSBX) and compare it with commercial (AC). The synthesized xerogel, raw material, and AC were characterized using different characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scan - ning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum analysis showed a wide range of bonds and confirmed the presence of C = C alkenes, amines N-H, and aromatic C-H functional groups. TGA analysis of samples was conducted at 10 ℃/min. The thermal degradation of the sample undergoes several setups of loss mass. The de - grades occurred between 50200 ℃ first setups, second between 200–700 ℃, and third setups between 950–1000 ℃. The surface morphological structure of each sample has been defined and compared using SEM data, which is further confirmed by XRD data. On the basis of on the characterization findings, it can be determined that the xerogel obtained from the synthesis process using PKSB as the raw material exhibits favorable characteristics for its potential usage as an adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187024
L. Akbayeva, Zhumabike Bakeshova, Nurgul Mamytova, Bakhytzhan Yelikbayev, A. Abzhalelov, R. Tazitdinova, R. Beisenova
The purpose of the work was to conduct biotesting for the presence of antibiotics in several lakes of the Akmola region, located in the zone of possible ingress of antimicrobial drugs into them. The adopted research method was the modified disk diffusion method, employed to determine the microorganisms’ sensitivity to the used antibiotics. As a result of the study, sensitivity to antibiotics remained in the main control lakes. The antibiotics that have not been found to be resistant to microorganisms in lakes included: enronite, furagin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone, and amikacin. The most common resistance of microorganisms 90–100% was in such antibiotics as benzylpenicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin
{"title":"Determination of the Microorganisms’ Resistance to Antibiotics in the Bacterioplankton Community in the Akmola Region Lakes","authors":"L. Akbayeva, Zhumabike Bakeshova, Nurgul Mamytova, Bakhytzhan Yelikbayev, A. Abzhalelov, R. Tazitdinova, R. Beisenova","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187024","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to conduct biotesting for the presence of antibiotics in several lakes of the Akmola region, located in the zone of possible ingress of antimicrobial drugs into them. The adopted research method was the modified disk diffusion method, employed to determine the microorganisms’ sensitivity to the used antibiotics. As a result of the study, sensitivity to antibiotics remained in the main control lakes. The antibiotics that have not been found to be resistant to microorganisms in lakes included: enronite, furagin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone, and amikacin. The most common resistance of microorganisms 90–100% was in such antibiotics as benzylpenicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187789
Sufyan A. Al-Mashhadany, Haider Ali Hasan, M. A. J. Al-Sammarraie
The consumption of dried bananas has increased because they contain essential nutrients. In order to preserve bananas for a longer period, a drying process is carried out, which makes them a light snack that does not spoil quickly. On the other hand, machine learning algorithms can be used to predict the sweetness of dried bananas. The article aimed to study the effect of different drying times (6, 8, and 10 hours) using an air dryer on some physical and chemical characteristics of bananas, including CIE-L*a*b, water content, carbohydrates, and sweetness. Also predicting the sweetness of dried bananas based on the CIE-L*a*b ratios using machine learning algorithms RF, SVM, LDA, KNN, and CART. The results showed that increasing the drying time led to an increase in carbohydrates, sweetness, and CIE-L*a*b levels, while it led to a decrease in the moisture content in dried banana slices. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between CIE-L*a*b levels and sweetness. On the other hand, the RF and CART algorithms gave the highest prediction accuracy of 86% and 0.8 on the Kappa measure. While the other algorithms (SVM, LDA, KNN) gave a prediction accuracy of 80% and 0.7 on the Kappa measure. In terms of testing statistical significance, the null hypothesis (H0) was accepted because there is no relationship between the metric distributions of the algorithms used.
{"title":"Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Sweetness of Bananas at Different Drying Times","authors":"Sufyan A. Al-Mashhadany, Haider Ali Hasan, M. A. J. Al-Sammarraie","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187789","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of dried bananas has increased because they contain essential nutrients. In order to preserve bananas for a longer period, a drying process is carried out, which makes them a light snack that does not spoil quickly. On the other hand, machine learning algorithms can be used to predict the sweetness of dried bananas. The article aimed to study the effect of different drying times (6, 8, and 10 hours) using an air dryer on some physical and chemical characteristics of bananas, including CIE-L*a*b, water content, carbohydrates, and sweetness. Also predicting the sweetness of dried bananas based on the CIE-L*a*b ratios using machine learning algorithms RF, SVM, LDA, KNN, and CART. The results showed that increasing the drying time led to an increase in carbohydrates, sweetness, and CIE-L*a*b levels, while it led to a decrease in the moisture content in dried banana slices. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between CIE-L*a*b levels and sweetness. On the other hand, the RF and CART algorithms gave the highest prediction accuracy of 86% and 0.8 on the Kappa measure. While the other algorithms (SVM, LDA, KNN) gave a prediction accuracy of 80% and 0.7 on the Kappa measure. In terms of testing statistical significance, the null hypothesis (H0) was accepted because there is no relationship between the metric distributions of the algorithms used.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186818
Radhakrishnan Vijayakumar, Kumar Govidhasamy
The subgrade is a crucial part of the pavement structure, as it transmits the load of vehicles on the pavement to the subsoil. The stability of the pavement depends on the stability characteristics of the subgrade. Roadwork waste materials (RWM) constitute a significant portion of waste materials used for roadway construction, particularly in base fill and backfill layers. Due to the shortage of virgin raw aggregates from quarries, alternative materials, such as RWM, are used as replacements in regular roadway construction. This research conducted a wide range of laboratory and field evaluations to determine the engineering properties of pond ash (PA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), focusing on bottom ash as a blended material. Geotechnical parameters, such as particle size and mechanical properties of the materials, were assessed to evaluate their performance in pavement base or sub-base applications. The interaction of integrity between pond ash, RAP, and natural backfill as homogeneous materials was assessed by examining consistency characteristics concerning optimum moisture content (OMC) and maxi - mum dry density (MDD). Six proportions of pond ash, RAP, and backfill soil (PA, RAP, NBS) were identified and used, with the optimal proportion being 50%:30%:20%. The grain size of RAP required for soil testing suitability will be obtained by disintegration using an earth hammering machine.
{"title":"Assessment of the Sub-Base Material for the Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density Using Amalgamated Pond Ash with Reclaimed Asphalt on Road Pavement","authors":"Radhakrishnan Vijayakumar, Kumar Govidhasamy","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186818","url":null,"abstract":"The subgrade is a crucial part of the pavement structure, as it transmits the load of vehicles on the pavement to the subsoil. The stability of the pavement depends on the stability characteristics of the subgrade. Roadwork waste materials (RWM) constitute a significant portion of waste materials used for roadway construction, particularly in base fill and backfill layers. Due to the shortage of virgin raw aggregates from quarries, alternative materials, such as RWM, are used as replacements in regular roadway construction. This research conducted a wide range of laboratory and field evaluations to determine the engineering properties of pond ash (PA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), focusing on bottom ash as a blended material. Geotechnical parameters, such as particle size and mechanical properties of the materials, were assessed to evaluate their performance in pavement base or sub-base applications. The interaction of integrity between pond ash, RAP, and natural backfill as homogeneous materials was assessed by examining consistency characteristics concerning optimum moisture content (OMC) and maxi - mum dry density (MDD). Six proportions of pond ash, RAP, and backfill soil (PA, RAP, NBS) were identified and used, with the optimal proportion being 50%:30%:20%. The grain size of RAP required for soil testing suitability will be obtained by disintegration using an earth hammering machine.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187788
Bhagavathi Krishnan Ramesh, Sankararajan Vanitha
A statistical analysis of nitrate contamination in the groundwater at the Thuckalay area of Padmanabhapuram town, South India, is conducted using data collected from 2000 to 2019 that includes rainfall, groundwater level, and groundwater quality. The findings indicate that there was a rise in nitrate contamination in the groundwater between 2001 and 2011. This increase can be attributed directly to the 6.69% increase in population and the corresponding increase of 108.79 hectares in residential areas, which accounts for the 17% expansion. The elevated concentrations of EC (1830 µS/cm), Cl (511 mg/L), Na (210 mg/L), NO 3 (150 mg/L), TH (420 mg/L), and precipitation (1,184) in 2011 may have an impact on the non-point source contamination in the subject area, which is caused by flowing water bodies. An investigation was conducted into the sources and regulating factors of elevated nitrate levels through the utilisation of cross plots and fitted line plots of NO 3 in conjunction with other chosen hydrochemical parameters. Nitrate contamination of the groundwater is indicated by a positive Pearson correlation coefficient between NO 3 and Ca, Cl, EC, Na, SAR, SO 4 , TH, TA, and WL. Furthermore, a nitrate pollution index greater than three signifies a higher degree of pollution during the years 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014. The primary sources of nitrate contamination in the vicinity of the study area were human and animal refuse that was disposed of in open areas. This may be the result of increased fertiliser application on agricultural land. Restoring groundwater quality in the studied area is possible through periodic monitoring, regulation of polluting sources, and implementation of a natural, cost-effective redevelopment technique.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Urban Non-Point Source Pollution and Nitrate Contamination in the Groundwater at Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, South India","authors":"Bhagavathi Krishnan Ramesh, Sankararajan Vanitha","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187788","url":null,"abstract":"A statistical analysis of nitrate contamination in the groundwater at the Thuckalay area of Padmanabhapuram town, South India, is conducted using data collected from 2000 to 2019 that includes rainfall, groundwater level, and groundwater quality. The findings indicate that there was a rise in nitrate contamination in the groundwater between 2001 and 2011. This increase can be attributed directly to the 6.69% increase in population and the corresponding increase of 108.79 hectares in residential areas, which accounts for the 17% expansion. The elevated concentrations of EC (1830 µS/cm), Cl (511 mg/L), Na (210 mg/L), NO 3 (150 mg/L), TH (420 mg/L), and precipitation (1,184) in 2011 may have an impact on the non-point source contamination in the subject area, which is caused by flowing water bodies. An investigation was conducted into the sources and regulating factors of elevated nitrate levels through the utilisation of cross plots and fitted line plots of NO 3 in conjunction with other chosen hydrochemical parameters. Nitrate contamination of the groundwater is indicated by a positive Pearson correlation coefficient between NO 3 and Ca, Cl, EC, Na, SAR, SO 4 , TH, TA, and WL. Furthermore, a nitrate pollution index greater than three signifies a higher degree of pollution during the years 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014. The primary sources of nitrate contamination in the vicinity of the study area were human and animal refuse that was disposed of in open areas. This may be the result of increased fertiliser application on agricultural land. Restoring groundwater quality in the studied area is possible through periodic monitoring, regulation of polluting sources, and implementation of a natural, cost-effective redevelopment technique.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186996
N. Thuan, Huynh Cong Khanh, Nguyen Van Cong
This research investigated the effectiveness of water lettuce (WL; Pistia stratiotes L.) in improving the quality of wastewater from biogas systems. Two treatments were designed, one without WL and the other with WL. First, WL were raised in containers that had 15 L of wastewater with an initial ammonium concentration of about 15 mg/L at the still-water stage (days 0–7). Then, at the running-water stage (days 10–22), wastewater with a targeted NH 4+ -N concentration of about 15 mg/L in a 5-L tank was gravitationally delivered continually into terraced Sty-rofoam containers designed as ponds 1, 2 and 3. Water samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 and 22, and fresh weights of WL were measured on the same days of sampling the water. The results showed that at the still-water stage, WL contributed to the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (14.74 ± 4.14% and 8.69 ± 0.92%, respectively), total inorganic nitrogen (23.93 ± 2.35% and 12.80 ± 1.30%, respectively), ammonium (25.21 ± 5.44% and 1.12 ± 0.93%), nitrite (59.98 ± 3.22% and 22.37 ± 1.21%, respectively) and phosphate (71.84 ± 0.89% and 61.64 ± 1.65%, respectively) on days 0–3 more than on days 4–7 but did not help decrease nitrate concentrations on days 0–7. WL contributed to reducing organic matter less at the running-water stage than at the still-water stage. WL helped lower ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations at the running-water stage more than at the still-water stage but did so more for ammonium and nitrate compared with nitrite at the running-water stage. No differences in pollutant concentration reductions between the two treatments (without and with WL) were found in ponds 1, 2 and 3. On days 10–22, no clear trend in increasing or decreasing pollutant concentrations emerged, except nitrite concentration, which lessened over time. No significant differences in the relative daily WL fresh biomass increase between the still-water and the running-water days were observed. The findings indicate that WL is an aquatic plant that can be used in treating wastewater from biogas systems, showing a high efficiency in lowering phosphorus concentrations and a potential for removing nitrite.
{"title":"Pollutant Removal in Wastewater from Anaerobic Digesters by Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) at Both Still-Water and Running-Water Stages","authors":"N. Thuan, Huynh Cong Khanh, Nguyen Van Cong","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186996","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the effectiveness of water lettuce (WL; Pistia stratiotes L.) in improving the quality of wastewater from biogas systems. Two treatments were designed, one without WL and the other with WL. First, WL were raised in containers that had 15 L of wastewater with an initial ammonium concentration of about 15 mg/L at the still-water stage (days 0–7). Then, at the running-water stage (days 10–22), wastewater with a targeted NH 4+ -N concentration of about 15 mg/L in a 5-L tank was gravitationally delivered continually into terraced Sty-rofoam containers designed as ponds 1, 2 and 3. Water samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 and 22, and fresh weights of WL were measured on the same days of sampling the water. The results showed that at the still-water stage, WL contributed to the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (14.74 ± 4.14% and 8.69 ± 0.92%, respectively), total inorganic nitrogen (23.93 ± 2.35% and 12.80 ± 1.30%, respectively), ammonium (25.21 ± 5.44% and 1.12 ± 0.93%), nitrite (59.98 ± 3.22% and 22.37 ± 1.21%, respectively) and phosphate (71.84 ± 0.89% and 61.64 ± 1.65%, respectively) on days 0–3 more than on days 4–7 but did not help decrease nitrate concentrations on days 0–7. WL contributed to reducing organic matter less at the running-water stage than at the still-water stage. WL helped lower ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations at the running-water stage more than at the still-water stage but did so more for ammonium and nitrate compared with nitrite at the running-water stage. No differences in pollutant concentration reductions between the two treatments (without and with WL) were found in ponds 1, 2 and 3. On days 10–22, no clear trend in increasing or decreasing pollutant concentrations emerged, except nitrite concentration, which lessened over time. No significant differences in the relative daily WL fresh biomass increase between the still-water and the running-water days were observed. The findings indicate that WL is an aquatic plant that can be used in treating wastewater from biogas systems, showing a high efficiency in lowering phosphorus concentrations and a potential for removing nitrite.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187382
Łukasz Radosz, D. Chmura, Artur Dyczko, Gabriela Woźniak
This research is focused on examining the link between the abiotic conditions of coal mine heaps (specifically, the type of spontaneous vegetation) and their respiration rates. The hypothesis is that there is a significant correlation between the carbon content of the soil substrate and the respiration rate of the coal mine heap among the abiotic factors studied. The investigation was carried out on the mineral material found in coal mining heaps, which consisted of Carboniferous mineral rock material. The fieldwork spanned the vegetation seasons from 2018 to 2022. Various physicochemical parameters of the substrate samples were analyzed, including soil organic carbon content, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total nitrogen (TN), available forms of phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) content, available magnesium (MgO) concentration, exchangeable cations (K + , Na + ), and moisture. Soil respiration measurements were taken using the TARGAZ -1 analyzer. The amount of carbon dioxide released at the sites studied ranged from 0.00158 to 1.21462 [g CO 2 /m 2 /h]. It was found that the carbon content and all the environmental factors tested had a significant impact on soil respiration (p = 0.001), except total nitrogen (p = 0.893). The factors most strongly correlated with soil respiration were potassium (K), alkaline phosphatase, and SRL (soil respiration). Of the taxa analyzed, only the below-ground conditions provided by the vegetation communities dominated by Centaurea stoebe showed a significant correlation with SRL. Three dominant plant species influenced the development of below-ground conditions, leading to negative effects. On the other hand, the below-ground conditions associated with vegetation patches dominated by Daucus carota showed the strongest negative correlation.
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