Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/188579
L. Lepaja, K. Lepaja, Endrit Kullaj, N. Balaj
This field experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of two distinct levels of irrigation, specifically drip irrigation, on a pear orchard to conserve water without compromising production. Kosovo boasts conducive conditions for tree cultivation; however, water scarcity, particularly during the vegetation period, necessitates supplementary ir - rigation. The study was carried out in the Dukagjini plain on a 10-hectare pear orchard, using a nested experimental design.. Per two levels of irrigation, for 13 rows with tress were used with 100% of evapotranspiration as control and 13 rows with 50% of deficit irrigation. One row were length 90 m and width 40 cm, in total area where applied irrigation were 936 m 2 . Using ANOVA, we detected significant fluctuations in total yield, the number of fruits, and fruit weight. With this technology in 100% irrigation have been achieved a total 7497 kg/900 trees or an average of 8.33 kg/tree while in 50% irrigation have been achieved 4590 kg/900 trees or 5.10 kg/tree. In classification of fruits 85.41% (100% irrigation) were extra class while 92.30% in 50% of irrigation. Our results confirmed that drip irrigation combined with a moderate water stress increase all productive parameters especiallity in total yield, too with significant water saving.
{"title":"The Influence of Drip Irrigation on Water Efficiency in Pear Cultivation","authors":"L. Lepaja, K. Lepaja, Endrit Kullaj, N. Balaj","doi":"10.12911/22998993/188579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/188579","url":null,"abstract":"This field experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of two distinct levels of irrigation, specifically drip irrigation, on a pear orchard to conserve water without compromising production. Kosovo boasts conducive conditions for tree cultivation; however, water scarcity, particularly during the vegetation period, necessitates supplementary ir - rigation. The study was carried out in the Dukagjini plain on a 10-hectare pear orchard, using a nested experimental design.. Per two levels of irrigation, for 13 rows with tress were used with 100% of evapotranspiration as control and 13 rows with 50% of deficit irrigation. One row were length 90 m and width 40 cm, in total area where applied irrigation were 936 m 2 . Using ANOVA, we detected significant fluctuations in total yield, the number of fruits, and fruit weight. With this technology in 100% irrigation have been achieved a total 7497 kg/900 trees or an average of 8.33 kg/tree while in 50% irrigation have been achieved 4590 kg/900 trees or 5.10 kg/tree. In classification of fruits 85.41% (100% irrigation) were extra class while 92.30% in 50% of irrigation. Our results confirmed that drip irrigation combined with a moderate water stress increase all productive parameters especiallity in total yield, too with significant water saving.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/188902
A. Błońska, D. Chmura, Agnieszka Hutniczak, Jawdat Bakr, Zbigniew Wilczek, Artur Dyczko, Franciszek Plewa, Zofia Sotek, Marcin Popczyk, Gabriela Woźniak
Wetlands represent a small proportion of all habitats. Still, they are very important features within the landscape, particularly in the ecosystem mosaic. They are composed of many specifically adapted organisms. Wetlands spontaneously establish and provide a significant source of heterogeneity and diversity in an urban-industrial landscape. Most of Earth’s wetlands are at risk or have disappeared due to human activity. Apart from natural wetlands, unique anthropogenic wetlands are observed in southern Poland. The aim of study was to assess and analyze the water quality and the spontaneous wetland vegetation which has developed on anthropogenic wetland habitats. The study was conducted on the spontaneous wetland vegetation developed in habitats that emerged due to mineral excavation activities of quarries in the Silesia Upland and Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The research subjects were wetlands that provide special water chemistry conditions for developing the peat bog vegetation. Water sampling and analyses, vegetation recording, and vegetation numerical analyses were conducted on studied wetlands. The results of a study conducted on flooded post-excavation sites revealed that diverse wetland spontaneous vegetation colonized such habitats. This research showed that anthropogenic wetlands can provide habitats for the development of outstanding biodiversity and form a refuge for calcareous plant species and the subsequently assembled rare peat bog vegetation. The high moisture and the increased presence of magnesium and calcium ions are developing in some sites of the post-mineral excavations. Such habitat conditions in anthropogenic wetlands enhance the occurrence of rare calciphilous species. Maintaining the relevant water conditions is crucial for the protection of these sites. The study presented that, quite frequently, the human-induced transformation results in establishing habitats that provide conditions for refuge organisms, mostly plants crucial for conservation perspective, particularly in the urban-industrial landscape. The additional importance of this study is related to the fact that the area of wetlands decreased. Therefore such anthropogenic wetlands should be integrated into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Wetland Vegetation of Novel Ecosystems as the Biodiversity Hotspots of the Urban-Industrial Landscape","authors":"A. Błońska, D. Chmura, Agnieszka Hutniczak, Jawdat Bakr, Zbigniew Wilczek, Artur Dyczko, Franciszek Plewa, Zofia Sotek, Marcin Popczyk, Gabriela Woźniak","doi":"10.12911/22998993/188902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/188902","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands represent a small proportion of all habitats. Still, they are very important features within the landscape, particularly in the ecosystem mosaic. They are composed of many specifically adapted organisms. Wetlands spontaneously establish and provide a significant source of heterogeneity and diversity in an urban-industrial landscape. Most of Earth’s wetlands are at risk or have disappeared due to human activity. Apart from natural wetlands, unique anthropogenic wetlands are observed in southern Poland. The aim of study was to assess and analyze the water quality and the spontaneous wetland vegetation which has developed on anthropogenic wetland habitats. The study was conducted on the spontaneous wetland vegetation developed in habitats that emerged due to mineral excavation activities of quarries in the Silesia Upland and Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The research subjects were wetlands that provide special water chemistry conditions for developing the peat bog vegetation. Water sampling and analyses, vegetation recording, and vegetation numerical analyses were conducted on studied wetlands. The results of a study conducted on flooded post-excavation sites revealed that diverse wetland spontaneous vegetation colonized such habitats. This research showed that anthropogenic wetlands can provide habitats for the development of outstanding biodiversity and form a refuge for calcareous plant species and the subsequently assembled rare peat bog vegetation. The high moisture and the increased presence of magnesium and calcium ions are developing in some sites of the post-mineral excavations. Such habitat conditions in anthropogenic wetlands enhance the occurrence of rare calciphilous species. Maintaining the relevant water conditions is crucial for the protection of these sites. The study presented that, quite frequently, the human-induced transformation results in establishing habitats that provide conditions for refuge organisms, mostly plants crucial for conservation perspective, particularly in the urban-industrial landscape. The additional importance of this study is related to the fact that the area of wetlands decreased. Therefore such anthropogenic wetlands should be integrated into urban planning and industrial site management to enhance biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186820
S. Razanov, Oleksii Alieksieiev, Olha Alieksieievа, O. Vradii, Kateryna Mazur, Vasyl Puyu, A. Piddubna, M. Povoznikov, D. Postoienko, Oleh Zelisko
The soils of agricultural lands of Ukraine have different features of use for growing agricultural crops. In particu - lar, under the conditions of homesteads in urbanized areas, the use of soils is observed mainly for monoculture (extensive agriculture). Usually, such soils are used primarily for the cultivation of potatoes and a small amount of vegetable crops: beets, cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, parsley, dill, etc. Organic fertilizers and a small amount of mineral fertilizers are used to fertilize the soils of homestead plots. Polycultures (intensive agriculture) such as: sunflower, winter rapeseed, winter wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, peas, etc. are grown under the condi - tions of field crop rotation. With the creation of conditions for obtaining the maximum yield, mainly mineral fertil - izers and a small amount of organic fertilizers are used. That is, these features of soil use can be reflected to one degree or another in the level of accumulation of heavy metals and trace elements in them. The content of heavy metals and trace elements in black soil typical medium loamy, sod-podzolic sandy loamy and gray medium loamy soils were investigated for their use in homestead plots and field crop rotation for growing various agricultural crops. A higher content of mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc and copper was found in black soil typical medium loamy, gray forest medium loamy and sod-podzolic sandy loamy soils under the conditions of homesteads compared to the soils of field crop rotations. The highest difference in the content of Pb, Hg, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the soils of homestead plots and field crop rotations was found in sod-podzolic sandy soil.
{"title":"The Content of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Different Soils Used under the Conditions of Homestead Plots and Field Agricultural Lands of Ukraine","authors":"S. Razanov, Oleksii Alieksieiev, Olha Alieksieievа, O. Vradii, Kateryna Mazur, Vasyl Puyu, A. Piddubna, M. Povoznikov, D. Postoienko, Oleh Zelisko","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186820","url":null,"abstract":"The soils of agricultural lands of Ukraine have different features of use for growing agricultural crops. In particu - lar, under the conditions of homesteads in urbanized areas, the use of soils is observed mainly for monoculture (extensive agriculture). Usually, such soils are used primarily for the cultivation of potatoes and a small amount of vegetable crops: beets, cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, parsley, dill, etc. Organic fertilizers and a small amount of mineral fertilizers are used to fertilize the soils of homestead plots. Polycultures (intensive agriculture) such as: sunflower, winter rapeseed, winter wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, peas, etc. are grown under the condi - tions of field crop rotation. With the creation of conditions for obtaining the maximum yield, mainly mineral fertil - izers and a small amount of organic fertilizers are used. That is, these features of soil use can be reflected to one degree or another in the level of accumulation of heavy metals and trace elements in them. The content of heavy metals and trace elements in black soil typical medium loamy, sod-podzolic sandy loamy and gray medium loamy soils were investigated for their use in homestead plots and field crop rotation for growing various agricultural crops. A higher content of mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc and copper was found in black soil typical medium loamy, gray forest medium loamy and sod-podzolic sandy loamy soils under the conditions of homesteads compared to the soils of field crop rotations. The highest difference in the content of Pb, Hg, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the soils of homestead plots and field crop rotations was found in sod-podzolic sandy soil.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187815
S. Kassouar, Sidi-Mohammed E. A. Abi-Ayad
Securing sustainable access to water resources is a critical concern for all nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and Algeria is no exception. Leveraging its extensive 1,200 – kilometer coastline, Algeria has embraced desalination as a key strategy, treating both seawater and brackish water sources. This approach provides potable water to inland towns and cities, extending as far as 60 kilometers from the coast. Currently, Algeria boasts an impressive network of 21 desalination plants, with a combined daily production capacity of 2.6 million cubic meters. The majority of these facilities utilize reverse osmosis, a widely employed desalination technology. This study focused on the Bousfer mini-desalination plant situated on Algeria’s western coast. Various water samples were analyzed throughout the desalination process: seawater intake, post-desalination (osmosis) water, remineralized drinking water, and the resulting brine wastewater. A physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was conducted to assess water quality at each stage. Statistical comparisons were performed using paired-sample T-tests for seawater and osmosis water, and one-sample T-tests were used to compare drinking water and wastewater against established international standards. The analysis revealed significant reductions (p-value < 0.001) in most physicochemical pa - rameters for the reverse osmosis water, including conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hard - ness, chlorides, calcium, and magnesium. Conversely, these parameters were significantly elevated in the brine wastewater. The bacteriological analysis confirmed the absence of harmful bacteria like E. coli , enterococci , and sulphite-reducing clostridia in the final drinking water. However, this study also highlighted a negative environ - mental externality, the presence of debris and foam layers on the water surface near the desalination plant outlet, attributed to chemical discharges, which poses a potential nuisance for tourists visiting nearby Bousfer beaches.
确保水资源的可持续利用是地中海沿岸所有国家的重要关切，阿尔及利亚也不例外。阿尔及利亚利用其长达 1 200 公里的海岸线，将海水淡化作为一项重要战略，同时处理海水和咸水资源。这种方法可为内陆城镇提供饮用水，最远可延伸至距离海岸 60 公里的地方。目前，阿尔及利亚拥有一个由 21 家海水淡化厂组成的庞大网络，日总生产能力达 260 万立方米。这些设施大多采用广泛使用的海水淡化技术--反渗透法。这项研究的重点是位于阿尔及利亚西海岸的 Bousfer 小型海水淡化厂。对整个海水淡化过程中的各种水样进行了分析：海水进水、海水淡化后（反渗透）的水、再矿化的饮用水以及由此产生的盐水废水。对每个阶段的水质都进行了理化和细菌分析。使用配对样本 T 检验对海水和渗透水进行统计比较，使用单样本 T 检验将饮用水和废水与既定的国际标准进行比较。分析结果表明，反渗透水的大多数理化指标，包括电导率、溶解固体总量（TDS）、碱度、总硬度、氯化物、钙和镁，都明显下降（p 值小于 0.001）。相反，这些参数在盐水废水中明显升高。细菌学分析证实，最终饮用水中没有大肠杆菌、肠球菌和亚硫酸盐还原梭菌等有害细菌。不过，这项研究也强调了一个负面的外部环境问题，即海水淡化厂出口附近的水面上出现了碎屑和泡沫层，这是化学排放造成的，可能会对附近 Bousfer 海滩的游客造成滋扰。
{"title":"The Disadvantages of Seawater Desalination at the Bousfer Station Located on the Oran Coast in Western Algeria","authors":"S. Kassouar, Sidi-Mohammed E. A. Abi-Ayad","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187815","url":null,"abstract":"Securing sustainable access to water resources is a critical concern for all nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and Algeria is no exception. Leveraging its extensive 1,200 – kilometer coastline, Algeria has embraced desalination as a key strategy, treating both seawater and brackish water sources. This approach provides potable water to inland towns and cities, extending as far as 60 kilometers from the coast. Currently, Algeria boasts an impressive network of 21 desalination plants, with a combined daily production capacity of 2.6 million cubic meters. The majority of these facilities utilize reverse osmosis, a widely employed desalination technology. This study focused on the Bousfer mini-desalination plant situated on Algeria’s western coast. Various water samples were analyzed throughout the desalination process: seawater intake, post-desalination (osmosis) water, remineralized drinking water, and the resulting brine wastewater. A physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was conducted to assess water quality at each stage. Statistical comparisons were performed using paired-sample T-tests for seawater and osmosis water, and one-sample T-tests were used to compare drinking water and wastewater against established international standards. The analysis revealed significant reductions (p-value < 0.001) in most physicochemical pa - rameters for the reverse osmosis water, including conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hard - ness, chlorides, calcium, and magnesium. Conversely, these parameters were significantly elevated in the brine wastewater. The bacteriological analysis confirmed the absence of harmful bacteria like E. coli , enterococci , and sulphite-reducing clostridia in the final drinking water. However, this study also highlighted a negative environ - mental externality, the presence of debris and foam layers on the water surface near the desalination plant outlet, attributed to chemical discharges, which poses a potential nuisance for tourists visiting nearby Bousfer beaches.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187959
V. Almashova, Denys Breus, Vitalii Olifirenko
The article considered the elements of the resource-saving technology for the production of vegetable peas with the use of low doses of synthetic fertilizers by stimulating the action of nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria. They are sym - bionts of vegetable peas, with the help of bacteria and microfertilizers. They are much cheaper than mineral fertilizers and are not harmful for the environment and, thanks to microdoses, are absolutely safe for people. During the research, it was established that, in addition to increasing the yield of agricultural crops, such agro-techniques contribute to increasing soil fertility (due to the accumulation of a greater amount of biologically pure nitrogen in it after harvesting vegetable peas, compared to existing technologies) and make it possible to extend the period of technical maturity of seeds and the period of their processing. This is a very important and urgent problem in southern Ukraine. It was also determined that the treatment of seeds with boron, molybdenum and Rizotorfin af - fects the timing of the onset of the main phases of development and the duration of the growing season of vegetable peas, extending it by several days, and this, in turn, allows farmers to harvest on time without economic losses. For the first time, for the conditions of the south of Ukraine, an opportunity was found to significantly extend the term of receipt of raw materials for processing without deterioration of quality indicators and dietary properties. The proposed techniques allow, in addition to the existing technology, to accumulate up to 40–60 kg/ha of biological nitrogen in the soil. It was recorded that the highest yield of the vegetable pea crop was formed during the first sowing period, when the seeds were treated with boron and molybdenum and amounted to 9.21 t/ha, which is 2.32 t/ha higher than the control. Based on the generalization of research results, a mathematical model of vegetable pea crop programming was built based on the principle of relationships between individual factors that affect the culture and the formation of its plant productivity.
{"title":"Influence of the Studied Factors on the Yield, Structure and Quality Indicators of Vegetable Peas under the Conditions the South of Ukraine","authors":"V. Almashova, Denys Breus, Vitalii Olifirenko","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187959","url":null,"abstract":"The article considered the elements of the resource-saving technology for the production of vegetable peas with the use of low doses of synthetic fertilizers by stimulating the action of nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria. They are sym - bionts of vegetable peas, with the help of bacteria and microfertilizers. They are much cheaper than mineral fertilizers and are not harmful for the environment and, thanks to microdoses, are absolutely safe for people. During the research, it was established that, in addition to increasing the yield of agricultural crops, such agro-techniques contribute to increasing soil fertility (due to the accumulation of a greater amount of biologically pure nitrogen in it after harvesting vegetable peas, compared to existing technologies) and make it possible to extend the period of technical maturity of seeds and the period of their processing. This is a very important and urgent problem in southern Ukraine. It was also determined that the treatment of seeds with boron, molybdenum and Rizotorfin af - fects the timing of the onset of the main phases of development and the duration of the growing season of vegetable peas, extending it by several days, and this, in turn, allows farmers to harvest on time without economic losses. For the first time, for the conditions of the south of Ukraine, an opportunity was found to significantly extend the term of receipt of raw materials for processing without deterioration of quality indicators and dietary properties. The proposed techniques allow, in addition to the existing technology, to accumulate up to 40–60 kg/ha of biological nitrogen in the soil. It was recorded that the highest yield of the vegetable pea crop was formed during the first sowing period, when the seeds were treated with boron and molybdenum and amounted to 9.21 t/ha, which is 2.32 t/ha higher than the control. Based on the generalization of research results, a mathematical model of vegetable pea crop programming was built based on the principle of relationships between individual factors that affect the culture and the formation of its plant productivity.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/187381
P. Salachna, R. Piechocki, C. Podsiadło, Kamila Bojko
Biostimulants are a broad group of numerous compounds that stimulate plant growth and increase plant resistance to environmental stresses. Pansies are in great demand, so new sustainability strategies for their production are still being sought. This study evaluated the effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed gellan gum (HGG) as a natural biostimulant for the production of high-quality pansy plants. In Experiment 1, the effects of drench concentrations of HGG (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg·dm –3 ) on morphological and physiological parameters of two pansy cultivars were investigated. In Experiment 2, the objective of study was to determine the effect of HGG on growth, flowering and leaf physiology of pansy grown under increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (50 and 200 mM). Our results showed in both cultivars growth-promoting effects of HGG, and 100 mg·dm –3 of HGG was the most effective concentration. The increasing salinity imposed as NaCl negatively affected the growth, flowering, visual appearance, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of plants. However, HGG pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress mainly by reducing the decrease of SPAD, Fv/Fm, flower number and biomass in salt-stressed plants at 200 mM NaCl. Overall results indicated that eco-friendly HGG at the proper dose could be used as a tool to enhance growth, flowering and salt stress tolerance in pansy plants.
{"title":"Enhancing Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Pansy Using Hydrolyzed Gellan Gum – An Environmentally Friendly Plant Biostimulant","authors":"P. Salachna, R. Piechocki, C. Podsiadło, Kamila Bojko","doi":"10.12911/22998993/187381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/187381","url":null,"abstract":"Biostimulants are a broad group of numerous compounds that stimulate plant growth and increase plant resistance to environmental stresses. Pansies are in great demand, so new sustainability strategies for their production are still being sought. This study evaluated the effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed gellan gum (HGG) as a natural biostimulant for the production of high-quality pansy plants. In Experiment 1, the effects of drench concentrations of HGG (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg·dm –3 ) on morphological and physiological parameters of two pansy cultivars were investigated. In Experiment 2, the objective of study was to determine the effect of HGG on growth, flowering and leaf physiology of pansy grown under increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (50 and 200 mM). Our results showed in both cultivars growth-promoting effects of HGG, and 100 mg·dm –3 of HGG was the most effective concentration. The increasing salinity imposed as NaCl negatively affected the growth, flowering, visual appearance, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of plants. However, HGG pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress mainly by reducing the decrease of SPAD, Fv/Fm, flower number and biomass in salt-stressed plants at 200 mM NaCl. Overall results indicated that eco-friendly HGG at the proper dose could be used as a tool to enhance growth, flowering and salt stress tolerance in pansy plants.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186898
M. Korai, M. A. Pinjaro, Z. Bhatti, Eva Hertnacahyani Herraprastanti, Miandad Jatoi, M. A. Shar, Abdulaziz Alhazaa
Globally, the petroleum industry plays a very significant role in producing oil to fulfil the demand of the growing population. The improper management of abandoned quantity of petroleum sludge that is one of the byproducts of petroleum industry has posed many environmental as well as socio-economic issues in most of the developing countries. The petroleum sludge contains various toxic substances, like minerals, oil, and other chemicals which are very harmful for biotic as well as abiotic environment. Meanwhile, a huge quantity of livestock manure, especially buffalo dung, is produced in villages and burned as fuel after drying in open atmosphere for domestic application without any treatment which generates indoor air pollution. This study was formulated to analyze the biochemical methane potential of buffalo dung with petroleum sludge at different mixing ratios (i.e., 1:1, 1.5:0.5 and 0.5:1.5) through batch digestion system. The substrates were prepared and characterized before and after batch digestion by using standard methodology. The maximum methane was obtained as 268 Nml/gVS, followed by 326 Nml/gVS and 191 Nml/gVS at mixing ratios of 1:1, 1.5:0.5 and 0.5:1.5, respectively. The results and findings of the study indicated that the co-digestion of buffalo dung with petroleum sludge at mixing ratio of 1.5:0.5 through continuous batch digestion would be the best option to enhance methane production.
{"title":"Co-Digestion of Petroleum Sludge and Buffalo Dung by Batch Anaerobic Digestion System","authors":"M. Korai, M. A. Pinjaro, Z. Bhatti, Eva Hertnacahyani Herraprastanti, Miandad Jatoi, M. A. Shar, Abdulaziz Alhazaa","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186898","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the petroleum industry plays a very significant role in producing oil to fulfil the demand of the growing population. The improper management of abandoned quantity of petroleum sludge that is one of the byproducts of petroleum industry has posed many environmental as well as socio-economic issues in most of the developing countries. The petroleum sludge contains various toxic substances, like minerals, oil, and other chemicals which are very harmful for biotic as well as abiotic environment. Meanwhile, a huge quantity of livestock manure, especially buffalo dung, is produced in villages and burned as fuel after drying in open atmosphere for domestic application without any treatment which generates indoor air pollution. This study was formulated to analyze the biochemical methane potential of buffalo dung with petroleum sludge at different mixing ratios (i.e., 1:1, 1.5:0.5 and 0.5:1.5) through batch digestion system. The substrates were prepared and characterized before and after batch digestion by using standard methodology. The maximum methane was obtained as 268 Nml/gVS, followed by 326 Nml/gVS and 191 Nml/gVS at mixing ratios of 1:1, 1.5:0.5 and 0.5:1.5, respectively. The results and findings of the study indicated that the co-digestion of buffalo dung with petroleum sludge at mixing ratio of 1.5:0.5 through continuous batch digestion would be the best option to enhance methane production.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186723
L. Alomari, T. Al-Issa, Mu’ad Abdul-Latif Kiyyam, A. Tawaha
Farmers must prioritize soil enhancement methods to preserve soil health and sustainability as the world population grows, whereas arable lands deplete and degrade owing to poor land management and agricultural policy. Biochar and compost are essential for replacing nutrients and organic matter, improving soil quality. In 2019, an experiment was carried out at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Various soil amendments, including biochar and compost, both with and without the combination of poultry manure, were employed. The experimental design followed a completely randomized layout, with seven distinct treatments: T1 – soil (control), T2 – biochar (3%) (BC), T3 – compost (3%) (Comp), T4 – poultry manure (3%) (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)), T5 – Biochar (3%) + poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (BC + PM 60 ton/ha), T6 – compost (3%) + poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha), and T7 – poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (PM 60 ton/ha). The assessment encompassed the examination of various physicochemical characteristics of the soil, including bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, pH, and EC. Morphological and physiological measurements comprised height and length of plant shoots and roots, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll content. Additionally, the chemical composition, encompassing crude fibers, crude fats, antioxidant activities, total phe - nols, flavonoid content, and minerals were evaluated. Physicochemical results revealed that (BC + PM 60 ton/ha) excelled in water holding capacity and porosity, whereas PM 60 ton/ha exhibited the optimal soil pH. In terms of morphological results, (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha) and (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)) demonstrated superiority in plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight. The application of (BC) outperformed in root fresh and dry weight and leaf relative water content, while (Comp) exhibited the highest root length. Poultry manure applications scored higher values in chlorophyll content, with (BC+PM 60 ton/ha) recording the highest among them. Chemical analysis revealed that crude fibers were highest with the application of (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)), while (control) recorded the highest antioxidant activities, total phenols, and total flavonoids. In terms of mineral content in shoots, (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha) demonstrated the highest nitrogen content. Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium were most abundant in (BC + PM 60 ton/ha). Moreover, PM (60 ton/ha) exhibited the highest sodium content. Notably, the (BC + PM 60 ton/ha) application excelled in physiochemical soil properties, excluding soil pH and EC, while also demonstrating superior mineral content in lettuce plants, except for sodium.
{"title":"The Impact of Biochar and Compost as Soil Amendments, Combined with Poultry Manure, on the Growth, Yield, and Chemical Composition of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)","authors":"L. Alomari, T. Al-Issa, Mu’ad Abdul-Latif Kiyyam, A. Tawaha","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186723","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers must prioritize soil enhancement methods to preserve soil health and sustainability as the world population grows, whereas arable lands deplete and degrade owing to poor land management and agricultural policy. Biochar and compost are essential for replacing nutrients and organic matter, improving soil quality. In 2019, an experiment was carried out at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Various soil amendments, including biochar and compost, both with and without the combination of poultry manure, were employed. The experimental design followed a completely randomized layout, with seven distinct treatments: T1 – soil (control), T2 – biochar (3%) (BC), T3 – compost (3%) (Comp), T4 – poultry manure (3%) (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)), T5 – Biochar (3%) + poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (BC + PM 60 ton/ha), T6 – compost (3%) + poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha), and T7 – poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (PM 60 ton/ha). The assessment encompassed the examination of various physicochemical characteristics of the soil, including bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, pH, and EC. Morphological and physiological measurements comprised height and length of plant shoots and roots, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll content. Additionally, the chemical composition, encompassing crude fibers, crude fats, antioxidant activities, total phe - nols, flavonoid content, and minerals were evaluated. Physicochemical results revealed that (BC + PM 60 ton/ha) excelled in water holding capacity and porosity, whereas PM 60 ton/ha exhibited the optimal soil pH. In terms of morphological results, (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha) and (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)) demonstrated superiority in plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight. The application of (BC) outperformed in root fresh and dry weight and leaf relative water content, while (Comp) exhibited the highest root length. Poultry manure applications scored higher values in chlorophyll content, with (BC+PM 60 ton/ha) recording the highest among them. Chemical analysis revealed that crude fibers were highest with the application of (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)), while (control) recorded the highest antioxidant activities, total phenols, and total flavonoids. In terms of mineral content in shoots, (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha) demonstrated the highest nitrogen content. Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium were most abundant in (BC + PM 60 ton/ha). Moreover, PM (60 ton/ha) exhibited the highest sodium content. Notably, the (BC + PM 60 ton/ha) application excelled in physiochemical soil properties, excluding soil pH and EC, while also demonstrating superior mineral content in lettuce plants, except for sodium.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186950
V. Kaminskyi, L. Kolomiiets, Volodymyr Bulgakov, Jyri Olt, V. Kaminska, Ivan Shevchenko, Y. Ihnatiev, A. Rucins
The erosion of soil falls into the class of landscape destruction processes. It disturbs the balance in the geo-ecosystem to a significant extent, thus generating the whole spectrum of negative geo-ecological after-effects. The protection of soils against erosion and the improvement of fertility in sloped agricultural landscapes are part of the overall environmental concern that has notably aggravated lately. This has given rise to a number of topical issues for which scientific and practical solutions are urgently required. The paper describes the state of the art in the research into the issue of the protection of soils against erosion. It discusses the regional patterns in the progress of erosion processes. The integrated agro-ecological assessment of the effect that various components of the inte - grated erosion protection system have on the erosion resistance and properties of soils in agricultural landscapes was outlined for the development and implementation of conservation cropping systems. The study is based on the results of the long-term stationary and expeditionary field research that addressed the following issues: the natural conditions of the territory and the development of erosion processes as a result of snowmelt and rain water run-off, as well as artificial sprinkling. The research was carried out using a combination of geomorphological, carto - graphic and pedomorphological analysis methods and approaches. By modelling rainfalls on typical eroded cher-nozem soils in combination with different agricultural crop growing technologies, the quantitative characteristics for the resulting erosion losses were determined. These characteristics are needed to make long-term forecasts of the development of erosion processes in agricultural land areas in the context of intensifying exogenic processes. The tested soil-protecting agronomic technologies (subsurface blade tillage to a depth of 10–12 cm with simultaneous slitting to a depth of 40 cm, subsurface blade tillage to a depth of 20–22 cm) demonstrated their high erosion prevention efficiency. They reduced the surface run-off by a factor of 1.3–2.3, the soil loss by a factor of 1.9–12.7 in comparison to the traditional ploughing to a depth of 20–22 cm. Accordingly, the indices and conditions of the surface run-off water infiltration into the soil were also optimised with these techniques.
{"title":"Research Into Soil Resource Management Technologies in Context of Aggravating Exogenic Processes","authors":"V. Kaminskyi, L. Kolomiiets, Volodymyr Bulgakov, Jyri Olt, V. Kaminska, Ivan Shevchenko, Y. Ihnatiev, A. Rucins","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186950","url":null,"abstract":"The erosion of soil falls into the class of landscape destruction processes. It disturbs the balance in the geo-ecosystem to a significant extent, thus generating the whole spectrum of negative geo-ecological after-effects. The protection of soils against erosion and the improvement of fertility in sloped agricultural landscapes are part of the overall environmental concern that has notably aggravated lately. This has given rise to a number of topical issues for which scientific and practical solutions are urgently required. The paper describes the state of the art in the research into the issue of the protection of soils against erosion. It discusses the regional patterns in the progress of erosion processes. The integrated agro-ecological assessment of the effect that various components of the inte - grated erosion protection system have on the erosion resistance and properties of soils in agricultural landscapes was outlined for the development and implementation of conservation cropping systems. The study is based on the results of the long-term stationary and expeditionary field research that addressed the following issues: the natural conditions of the territory and the development of erosion processes as a result of snowmelt and rain water run-off, as well as artificial sprinkling. The research was carried out using a combination of geomorphological, carto - graphic and pedomorphological analysis methods and approaches. By modelling rainfalls on typical eroded cher-nozem soils in combination with different agricultural crop growing technologies, the quantitative characteristics for the resulting erosion losses were determined. These characteristics are needed to make long-term forecasts of the development of erosion processes in agricultural land areas in the context of intensifying exogenic processes. The tested soil-protecting agronomic technologies (subsurface blade tillage to a depth of 10–12 cm with simultaneous slitting to a depth of 40 cm, subsurface blade tillage to a depth of 20–22 cm) demonstrated their high erosion prevention efficiency. They reduced the surface run-off by a factor of 1.3–2.3, the soil loss by a factor of 1.9–12.7 in comparison to the traditional ploughing to a depth of 20–22 cm. Accordingly, the indices and conditions of the surface run-off water infiltration into the soil were also optimised with these techniques.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/186890
Andonita Buçinca, Astrit Bilalli, H. Ibrahimi, Valentina Slavevska-Stamenković, Danijela Mitić-Kopanja, Jelena Hinić, L. Grapci-Kotori
The freshwater ecosystems in Kosovo have undergone significant degradation in recent years due to various an - thropogenic pressures, including sewage effluents, industrial discharge, water intakes
近年来，由于各种人为压力，包括污水排放、工业排放、取水口等，科索沃的淡水生态系统严重退化。
{"title":"Water Quality Assessment in the Ibër River Basin (Kosovo) Using Macroinvertebrate and Benthic Diatom Indices","authors":"Andonita Buçinca, Astrit Bilalli, H. Ibrahimi, Valentina Slavevska-Stamenković, Danijela Mitić-Kopanja, Jelena Hinić, L. Grapci-Kotori","doi":"10.12911/22998993/186890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186890","url":null,"abstract":"The freshwater ecosystems in Kosovo have undergone significant degradation in recent years due to various an - thropogenic pressures, including sewage effluents, industrial discharge, water intakes","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：