Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185968
Ilona Trawczyńska
{"title":"Simulation of Increasing the Cell Membrane Permeability Under Steady-State Conditions","authors":"Ilona Trawczyńska","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/183806
Boubakary Boubakary, Ndongo Din, Essomè Koum Guillaume Léopold, Kottè Mapoko Ernest Flavien, Ngo-Massou Vanessa Maxemilie, Nyamsi Moussian Laurant, Konango Samè Alphonse, Emanè Jean Michel
Mangroves are threatened with extinction worldwide. Many mangrove reforestation projects have been developed, but very few have achieved their restoration objectives. With the ambitions to contribute for rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of substrate composition and level of insertion on the growth and development of Rhizophora seedlings in nurseries. The experiment was conducted in a semi-lighted nursery set up in situ. Rhizophora propagules were reared on three types of mangrove substrates (type 1: 75% of mud and 25% of sand; type 2: 50% of mud and 50% of sand, and type 3: 25% of mud and 75% of sand) with different levels of insertion (at ¼; ½ and ¾). Seedling heights and diameters were recorded, as well as the time of appearance of the first leaves and the variation of number of leaves. The greatest average height (40.2 ± 7.48 cm) and the highest mean diameter (1.2 ± 0.01 cm) were obtained for the substrate composed of 75% mud and 25% sand. The best growth and development of seedlings were recorded on the substrate type 1 with an insertion at ¼. Seedling production at ¼ insertion of substrate type 1 appeared the most effective combination. The production of Rhizophora seedlings on the substrate combining 25% Sand and 75% Mud with an insertion level at 1/4 seems to be the best method for the complete restoration and rehabilitation of the mangrove ecosystem of the Wouri estuary.
{"title":"Growth and Development of Rhizophora spp. Seedlings on Different Substrates and Insertion Level in the Wouri Estuary Mangrove (Douala, Cameroon)","authors":"Boubakary Boubakary, Ndongo Din, Essomè Koum Guillaume Léopold, Kottè Mapoko Ernest Flavien, Ngo-Massou Vanessa Maxemilie, Nyamsi Moussian Laurant, Konango Samè Alphonse, Emanè Jean Michel","doi":"10.12911/22998993/183806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/183806","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are threatened with extinction worldwide. Many mangrove reforestation projects have been developed, but very few have achieved their restoration objectives. With the ambitions to contribute for rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of substrate composition and level of insertion on the growth and development of Rhizophora seedlings in nurseries. The experiment was conducted in a semi-lighted nursery set up in situ. Rhizophora propagules were reared on three types of mangrove substrates (type 1: 75% of mud and 25% of sand; type 2: 50% of mud and 50% of sand, and type 3: 25% of mud and 75% of sand) with different levels of insertion (at ¼; ½ and ¾). Seedling heights and diameters were recorded, as well as the time of appearance of the first leaves and the variation of number of leaves. The greatest average height (40.2 ± 7.48 cm) and the highest mean diameter (1.2 ± 0.01 cm) were obtained for the substrate composed of 75% mud and 25% sand. The best growth and development of seedlings were recorded on the substrate type 1 with an insertion at ¼. Seedling production at ¼ insertion of substrate type 1 appeared the most effective combination. The production of Rhizophora seedlings on the substrate combining 25% Sand and 75% Mud with an insertion level at 1/4 seems to be the best method for the complete restoration and rehabilitation of the mangrove ecosystem of the Wouri estuary.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185303
Magdalena Frąk, Michał Łuniewski, Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, Tomasz Teleszewski
{"title":"Microbiological Tests of air Quality in Var Cabins – Preliminary Tests","authors":"Magdalena Frąk, Michał Łuniewski, Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, Tomasz Teleszewski","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185316
Marhaini Marhaini, Dewi Fernianti, Jun Harbi, Gita Sintya
In daily life, the use of plastic is widespread, causing serious problems with plastic waste. Moreover, as the population continues to grow, the amount of waste will also increase. Therefore, immediate action is to switch from plastic made from petroleum, which is difficult to decompose, to plastic made from biodegradable materials. In this study, biodegradable plastic was made from rubberized cassava starch and tofu dregs with the addition of sorbitol as a plasticizer. This research aimed to determine the effect of the plasticizer composition of sorbitol, rubber cassava starch, and tofu dregs starch for making biodegradable plastics and to determine the characteristics of the plasticproducts.The production of biodegradable plastic using rubber cassava starch and tofu dregs starch added with sorbitol as a plasticizer was divided intothree stages, namely producing flour from rubberizedcassava starch and tofu dregs starch, making biodegradable plastic and analyzing biodegradable plastic samples. The best results from various sample analyses were a tensile strength value of 4291.9 kPa, an elongation percentage of 35%, a water absorption capacity of 41.94%, and a biodegradation test of ± 2 weeks had decomposed around 80% in the soil.
{"title":"Sorbitol-Based Biodegradable Plastics from Rubberized Cassava Starch and Tofu Dregs Starch","authors":"Marhaini Marhaini, Dewi Fernianti, Jun Harbi, Gita Sintya","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185316","url":null,"abstract":"In daily life, the use of plastic is widespread, causing serious problems with plastic waste. Moreover, as the population continues to grow, the amount of waste will also increase. Therefore, immediate action is to switch from plastic made from petroleum, which is difficult to decompose, to plastic made from biodegradable materials. In this study, biodegradable plastic was made from rubberized cassava starch and tofu dregs with the addition of sorbitol as a plasticizer. This research aimed to determine the effect of the plasticizer composition of sorbitol, rubber cassava starch, and tofu dregs starch for making biodegradable plastics and to determine the characteristics of the plasticproducts.The production of biodegradable plastic using rubber cassava starch and tofu dregs starch added with sorbitol as a plasticizer was divided intothree stages, namely producing flour from rubberizedcassava starch and tofu dregs starch, making biodegradable plastic and analyzing biodegradable plastic samples. The best results from various sample analyses were a tensile strength value of 4291.9 kPa, an elongation percentage of 35%, a water absorption capacity of 41.94%, and a biodegradation test of ± 2 weeks had decomposed around 80% in the soil.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140356963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/184184
Jwan Sabah Mustafa, D. Mawlood
Groundwater stands as a crucial lifeline in numerous regions across the globe, a significance magnified in wa - ter-scarce locales like the Middle East. With depleting water resources exacerbated by global climate change, the imperative for sustainable groundwater management becomes increasingly urgent. This research employs a groundwater flow modeling approach, utilizing Visual MODFLOW (version 4.6.0.166), to scrutinize the present state and future security risks of groundwater resources in the Erbil basin. A distinct aspect of this study involves investigating the interaction between the groundwater aquifers of Greater Zab and Lesser Zab Rivers, along with an exploration of the Erbil aquifers, rivers interaction and recharge zones as a second novelty in this research. The model, calibrated for heterogenous anisotropic unconfined aquifer transient conditions, exhibits a high correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.997 during calibration and 0.985 in the validation process respectively. Findings indicate a general groundwater flow direction from northeast to southwest in the Erbil basin, aligning with surface observa - tions. Despite groundwater aquifers supplying only 55% of the current water demand from the existing wells, the computed balance reveals river leakages of 33,432 m 3 /day into the aquifers. The study forecasts a substantial increase in the dry area of the groundwater aquifer under climate change scenarios, especially when recharge rates diminish. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends preventing illegal well drilling and implementing continuous monitoring using distributed sensors. The insights gleaned from this research are anticipated to furnish essential information for sustainable planning and effective management of groundwater resources in the Erbil basin and its environs.
{"title":"Assessment of the Groundwater in Erbil Basin with Support of Visual MODFLOW","authors":"Jwan Sabah Mustafa, D. Mawlood","doi":"10.12911/22998993/184184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/184184","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater stands as a crucial lifeline in numerous regions across the globe, a significance magnified in wa - ter-scarce locales like the Middle East. With depleting water resources exacerbated by global climate change, the imperative for sustainable groundwater management becomes increasingly urgent. This research employs a groundwater flow modeling approach, utilizing Visual MODFLOW (version 4.6.0.166), to scrutinize the present state and future security risks of groundwater resources in the Erbil basin. A distinct aspect of this study involves investigating the interaction between the groundwater aquifers of Greater Zab and Lesser Zab Rivers, along with an exploration of the Erbil aquifers, rivers interaction and recharge zones as a second novelty in this research. The model, calibrated for heterogenous anisotropic unconfined aquifer transient conditions, exhibits a high correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.997 during calibration and 0.985 in the validation process respectively. Findings indicate a general groundwater flow direction from northeast to southwest in the Erbil basin, aligning with surface observa - tions. Despite groundwater aquifers supplying only 55% of the current water demand from the existing wells, the computed balance reveals river leakages of 33,432 m 3 /day into the aquifers. The study forecasts a substantial increase in the dry area of the groundwater aquifer under climate change scenarios, especially when recharge rates diminish. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends preventing illegal well drilling and implementing continuous monitoring using distributed sensors. The insights gleaned from this research are anticipated to furnish essential information for sustainable planning and effective management of groundwater resources in the Erbil basin and its environs.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/183943
Andi Kurniawan, Z. Pramudia, Y. A. D. Susanti, Ilham Misbakun Al Zamzami, Tatsuya Yamamoto
The urgent need for technological innovation to combat water pollution underscores the significance of biosorption as a potential solution. The success of biosorption hinges on the careful selection of a suitable biosorbent. Biofilms, composed of microbial communities, emerge as a promising alternative due to their expansive adsorption capacity and ready availability. In practical applications, biosorption is often executed at pollutant concentrations lethal to microbes. Consequently, comprehending the biosorption potential of biofilms with deceased microbes becomes imperative. Notably, biofilms with deceased microbes offer the added advantage of minimizing the risk of patho - genic microbial contamination. Despite this, studies are scarce comparing biosorption between intact biofilms and those with deceased microbes. This comparative analysis could enhance the feasibility of biofilms in biosorption as an eco-aquatic technology for alleviating aquatic pollution. This study aims to scrutinize the biosorption char - acteristics of intact biofilm (with living microbes) and autoclaved biofilm (with deceased microbes). The methods employed for analyzing biosorption characteristics encompass examining electric charge properties, FTIR spectra analysis, ion adsorption, and ion desorption. The model ions chosen for this study are K⁺ (monovalent ion) and Mg²⁺ (divalent ion). Results indicate that the biofilm’s electric charge properties and adsorption capacity remain relatively unchanged post-autoclaving. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that biofilms, whether intact or autoclaved, present substantial potential as biosorbents in the advancement of eco-aquatic technology for mitigating water pollution.
{"title":"Comparative Biosorption Proficiency in Intact and Autoclaved Biofilm Matrices","authors":"Andi Kurniawan, Z. Pramudia, Y. A. D. Susanti, Ilham Misbakun Al Zamzami, Tatsuya Yamamoto","doi":"10.12911/22998993/183943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/183943","url":null,"abstract":"The urgent need for technological innovation to combat water pollution underscores the significance of biosorption as a potential solution. The success of biosorption hinges on the careful selection of a suitable biosorbent. Biofilms, composed of microbial communities, emerge as a promising alternative due to their expansive adsorption capacity and ready availability. In practical applications, biosorption is often executed at pollutant concentrations lethal to microbes. Consequently, comprehending the biosorption potential of biofilms with deceased microbes becomes imperative. Notably, biofilms with deceased microbes offer the added advantage of minimizing the risk of patho - genic microbial contamination. Despite this, studies are scarce comparing biosorption between intact biofilms and those with deceased microbes. This comparative analysis could enhance the feasibility of biofilms in biosorption as an eco-aquatic technology for alleviating aquatic pollution. This study aims to scrutinize the biosorption char - acteristics of intact biofilm (with living microbes) and autoclaved biofilm (with deceased microbes). The methods employed for analyzing biosorption characteristics encompass examining electric charge properties, FTIR spectra analysis, ion adsorption, and ion desorption. The model ions chosen for this study are K⁺ (monovalent ion) and Mg²⁺ (divalent ion). Results indicate that the biofilm’s electric charge properties and adsorption capacity remain relatively unchanged post-autoclaving. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that biofilms, whether intact or autoclaved, present substantial potential as biosorbents in the advancement of eco-aquatic technology for mitigating water pollution.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140353687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/184183
A. Alebidi, A. Al-Saif, Hosny F. Abdel Aziz, G. Abdrabboh, I. Elnaggar, A. N. A. Abd El-wahed, Mohammed H. Farouk, A. Hamdy
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of drought strain, which poses a first-rate task to grapevine production. This have a look at investigated the response of four grape rootstocks (Richter, Salt Creek, Freedom, and Dogridge) to water deficit prompted by way of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Two pressure induction techniques had been as compared: surprise remedy, related to direct exposure of cultures to growing PEG concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%); and step-clever long-time period remedy, steadily increasing PEG concentrations (0%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) through the years. The essential findings were as fol - lows: drought strain negatively impacted all rootstocks, leading to decreased morphological tendencies (shoot number, period, and root number), survival %, and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, stomata popularity, RWC content material). It additionally led to reduced nutrient accumulation (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) in leaves. However, all rootstocks exhibited increased Proline content and antioxidant enzyme hobby under all PEG concentrations. In phrases of rootstock-unique responses, Richter and Salt Creek showed the maximum sturdy performance, maintaining better shoot and root growth, nutrient content, and photosynthetic hobby compared to Freedom and Dogridge. On the alternative hand, Freedom and Dogridge exhibited extra sensitivity to drought stress, experiencing stronger discounts in boom, biochemical parameters, and nutrient accumulation. In conclusion Richter and Salt Creek rootstocks could be valuable equipment for reinforcing drought tolerance in grapevines. The two carried out PEG remedies provide valuable methods for screening and deciding on drought-tolerant grape rootstocks.
气候变化正在增加干旱的频率和严重程度，这给葡萄生产带来了首要任务。本研究调查了四种葡萄砧木（Richter、Salt Creek、Freedom 和 Dogridge）对聚乙二醇（PEG）引起的水分亏缺的反应。比较了两种压力诱导技术：突击补救，将培养物直接暴露于不断增长的 PEG 浓度（0%、2%、4%、6%、8% 和 10%）中；以及逐步提高 PEG 浓度（0%、6%、8% 和 10%）的长期补救。主要发现如下--低值：干旱对所有砧木都产生了负面影响，导致形态趋势（嫩枝数量、周期和根数）、存活率和生化参数（叶绿素 a 和 b、类胡萝卜素、气孔普及率、RWC 含量）下降。此外，它还导致叶片中营养物质（氮、磷、钾、镁、钙）的积累减少。不过，在所有 PEG 浓度下，所有砧木的脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶嗜好都有所增加。就砧木的独特反应而言，Richter 和 Salt Creek 的表现最为突出，与 Freedom 和 Dogridge 相比，它们能保持较好的芽和根的生长、养分含量和光合作用。另一方面，Freedom 和 Dogridge 对干旱胁迫表现出更高的敏感性，在生长旺盛度、生化参数和养分积累方面出现了更大的折扣。总之，Richter 和 Salt Creek 砧木是增强葡萄耐旱性的重要设备。这两种 PEG 方法为筛选和确定耐旱葡萄砧木提供了宝贵的方法。
{"title":"In Vitro Drought Tolerance of Some Grape Rootstocks","authors":"A. Alebidi, A. Al-Saif, Hosny F. Abdel Aziz, G. Abdrabboh, I. Elnaggar, A. N. A. Abd El-wahed, Mohammed H. Farouk, A. Hamdy","doi":"10.12911/22998993/184183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/184183","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of drought strain, which poses a first-rate task to grapevine production. This have a look at investigated the response of four grape rootstocks (Richter, Salt Creek, Freedom, and Dogridge) to water deficit prompted by way of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Two pressure induction techniques had been as compared: surprise remedy, related to direct exposure of cultures to growing PEG concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%); and step-clever long-time period remedy, steadily increasing PEG concentrations (0%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) through the years. The essential findings were as fol - lows: drought strain negatively impacted all rootstocks, leading to decreased morphological tendencies (shoot number, period, and root number), survival %, and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, stomata popularity, RWC content material). It additionally led to reduced nutrient accumulation (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) in leaves. However, all rootstocks exhibited increased Proline content and antioxidant enzyme hobby under all PEG concentrations. In phrases of rootstock-unique responses, Richter and Salt Creek showed the maximum sturdy performance, maintaining better shoot and root growth, nutrient content, and photosynthetic hobby compared to Freedom and Dogridge. On the alternative hand, Freedom and Dogridge exhibited extra sensitivity to drought stress, experiencing stronger discounts in boom, biochemical parameters, and nutrient accumulation. In conclusion Richter and Salt Creek rootstocks could be valuable equipment for reinforcing drought tolerance in grapevines. The two carried out PEG remedies provide valuable methods for screening and deciding on drought-tolerant grape rootstocks.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/185317
Marcin Dziadosz, D. Majerek, Grzegorz Łagód
Paper presents microscopic studies of activated sludge supported by automatic image analysis based on deep learn - ing neural networks. The organisms classified as Arcella vulgaris were chosen for the research. They frequently occur in the waters containing organic substances as well as WWTPs employing the activated sludge method. Usually, they can be clearly seen and counted using a standard optical microscope, as a result of their distinc - tive appearance, numerous population and passive behavior. Thus, these organisms constitute a viable object for detection task. Paper refers to the comparison of performance of deep learning networks namely YOLOv4 and YOLOv8, which conduct automatic image analysis of the afore-mentioned organisms. YOLO (You Only Look Once) constitutes a one-stage object detection model that look at the analyzed image once and allow real-time detection without a marked accuracy loss. The training of the applied YOLO models was carried out using sample microscopic images of activated sludge. The relevant training data set was created by manually labeling the digital images of organisms, followed by calculation and comparison of various metrics, including recall, precision, and accuracy. The architecture of the networks built for the detection task was general, which means that the structure of the layers and filters was not affected by the purpose of using the models. Accounting mentioned universal construction of the models, the results of the accuracy and quality of the classification can be considered as very good. This means that the general architecture of the YOLO networks can also be used for specific tasks such as identification of shell amoebas in activated sludge.
{"title":"Microscopic Studies of Activated Sludge Supported by Automatic Image Analysis Based on Deep Learning Neural Networks","authors":"Marcin Dziadosz, D. Majerek, Grzegorz Łagód","doi":"10.12911/22998993/185317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185317","url":null,"abstract":"Paper presents microscopic studies of activated sludge supported by automatic image analysis based on deep learn - ing neural networks. The organisms classified as Arcella vulgaris were chosen for the research. They frequently occur in the waters containing organic substances as well as WWTPs employing the activated sludge method. Usually, they can be clearly seen and counted using a standard optical microscope, as a result of their distinc - tive appearance, numerous population and passive behavior. Thus, these organisms constitute a viable object for detection task. Paper refers to the comparison of performance of deep learning networks namely YOLOv4 and YOLOv8, which conduct automatic image analysis of the afore-mentioned organisms. YOLO (You Only Look Once) constitutes a one-stage object detection model that look at the analyzed image once and allow real-time detection without a marked accuracy loss. The training of the applied YOLO models was carried out using sample microscopic images of activated sludge. The relevant training data set was created by manually labeling the digital images of organisms, followed by calculation and comparison of various metrics, including recall, precision, and accuracy. The architecture of the networks built for the detection task was general, which means that the structure of the layers and filters was not affected by the purpose of using the models. Accounting mentioned universal construction of the models, the results of the accuracy and quality of the classification can be considered as very good. This means that the general architecture of the YOLO networks can also be used for specific tasks such as identification of shell amoebas in activated sludge.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/184215
I. Mystkowska, K. Zarzecka, M. Gugała, A. Ginter
Minerals present in potato tubers are of particular interest due to the value of this crop as a food crop. The purpose of the three-year study was to evaluate the effects of herbicide treatment and foliar feeding with organic biostimu - lants on the content and uptake of sodium and iron in tubers of two varieties of edible potato (Oberon and Malaga). The Malaga variety accumulated significantly more sodium and iron than the Oberon variety. On the other hand, higher tuber yield uptake of these components was recorded in the Oberon variety. Treatment with a weedkiller and a stimulant fertilizer increased the content and uptake of sodium and iron compared to tubers harvested from the control object, and the most favorable effect was shown by the mixture of the weedkiller with the biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium. It is also worth noting that weather conditions had a significant effect on mineral content and uptake.
{"title":"Accumulation of Sodium and Iron in Solanum Tuberosum Under Care and Foliar Feeding","authors":"I. Mystkowska, K. Zarzecka, M. Gugała, A. Ginter","doi":"10.12911/22998993/184215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/184215","url":null,"abstract":"Minerals present in potato tubers are of particular interest due to the value of this crop as a food crop. The purpose of the three-year study was to evaluate the effects of herbicide treatment and foliar feeding with organic biostimu - lants on the content and uptake of sodium and iron in tubers of two varieties of edible potato (Oberon and Malaga). The Malaga variety accumulated significantly more sodium and iron than the Oberon variety. On the other hand, higher tuber yield uptake of these components was recorded in the Oberon variety. Treatment with a weedkiller and a stimulant fertilizer increased the content and uptake of sodium and iron compared to tubers harvested from the control object, and the most favorable effect was shown by the mixture of the weedkiller with the biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium. It is also worth noting that weather conditions had a significant effect on mineral content and uptake.","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12911/22998993/184121
P. Salachna
{"title":"Assessment of Salt Stress Tolerance of Evergreen Ferns","authors":"P. Salachna","doi":"10.12911/22998993/184121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/184121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140353833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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