Land is a limited commodity that has always been fought over. It's use and allocation for various purposes have been the subject of much debate, and for good reason. It's necessary for most industries. It is becoming more and more a topic of conversation as available land is used up. This review paper explores land competition as it relates to the production of food and energy, as well as the ramifications of taking natural land and converting it to human use for these purposes. It also discusses the policies that some countries are enacting to deal with the ever-shrinking availability of free land and ways that society can decrease the necessity for more land.
{"title":"LAND-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS: COMPETITION AND SOCIETAL IMPACT OF LAND USE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND FOOD PRODUCTION - A REVIEW","authors":"Isabel Turner, Christina Pansino, M. D. de Lemos","doi":"10.1115/1.4062507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062507","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Land is a limited commodity that has always been fought over. It's use and allocation for various purposes have been the subject of much debate, and for good reason. It's necessary for most industries. It is becoming more and more a topic of conversation as available land is used up. This review paper explores land competition as it relates to the production of food and energy, as well as the ramifications of taking natural land and converting it to human use for these purposes. It also discusses the policies that some countries are enacting to deal with the ever-shrinking availability of free land and ways that society can decrease the necessity for more land.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengcheng Luo, Lirong Gao, Yonghui Liu, Chuan Xie, Changqing Ye, Jianying Yang, Zhongbo Liu
Liquid loading is inevitable during mature gas well production, leading the liquids to accumulating at the bottomhole, leading to additional pressure loss. Accurately predicting the liquid-loading initiation is crucial to gas well production optimization. Significant effects have been made to model liquid loading behavior. However, few mechanistic models are capable of easily and accurately tackling the complicated non-uniform liquid-film distribution in the slanted section of horizontal wells. Based on liquid-film inversion, this study developed a simple and comprehensive model to calculate liquid loading initiation for horizontal gas wells. First, the models for film thickness and critical velocity in the vertical pipe are developed. Then, considering the effect of inclination and velocity difference in liquid film thickness and liquid holdup distribution between vertical and inclined pipes, the relationship in vertical and inclined pipes between liquid holdup, liquid film thickness and angle correction term is established based on the liquid holdup correlation for horizontal and inclined pipes described in the empirical model developed by Beggs and Brill, so that the thickness of film and the corresponding critical velocity at any inclination can be calculated. Finally, the new modified model has been evaluated against both experimental and field measured data set. In comparison to the Luo et al. model, the proposed model has been proven to be simple, accurate and well performed in predicting the liquid accumulation initiation in horizontal wells.
{"title":"A modified model to predict liquid loading in horizontal gas wells","authors":"Chengcheng Luo, Lirong Gao, Yonghui Liu, Chuan Xie, Changqing Ye, Jianying Yang, Zhongbo Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4062504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062504","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Liquid loading is inevitable during mature gas well production, leading the liquids to accumulating at the bottomhole, leading to additional pressure loss. Accurately predicting the liquid-loading initiation is crucial to gas well production optimization. Significant effects have been made to model liquid loading behavior. However, few mechanistic models are capable of easily and accurately tackling the complicated non-uniform liquid-film distribution in the slanted section of horizontal wells. Based on liquid-film inversion, this study developed a simple and comprehensive model to calculate liquid loading initiation for horizontal gas wells. First, the models for film thickness and critical velocity in the vertical pipe are developed. Then, considering the effect of inclination and velocity difference in liquid film thickness and liquid holdup distribution between vertical and inclined pipes, the relationship in vertical and inclined pipes between liquid holdup, liquid film thickness and angle correction term is established based on the liquid holdup correlation for horizontal and inclined pipes described in the empirical model developed by Beggs and Brill, so that the thickness of film and the corresponding critical velocity at any inclination can be calculated. Finally, the new modified model has been evaluated against both experimental and field measured data set. In comparison to the Luo et al. model, the proposed model has been proven to be simple, accurate and well performed in predicting the liquid accumulation initiation in horizontal wells.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick B. Mitri, Genesis Ponce, Kevin R. Anderson
Abstract This paper presents a feasibility study of a hybrid compost waste heat to power/Concentrating Solar Panel (CSP) green energy Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The power plant is baselined to operate with a duty of 24/7 on compost waste heat and utilize solar thermal energy to boost power output during the day. This paper discusses the design of the power plant, the design of a compost driven heat exchanger/boiler, compost pile thermal analysis, CSP analysis, and simulated power plant output analysis The selection of isobutane as ORC working fluid is justified herein. A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis was performed to ensure that the energy produced by this hybrid power plant would come at a reasonable and competitive cost. The results herein show that the hybrid power plant affords an LCOE of 4 ¢/kWh for compost operation alone and an LCOE of 10.7 ¢/kWh for compost and CSP solar energy operation. The hybrid compost/ORC power plant presented herein affords an average energy conversion efficiency of 4.3%. Centric to the operation of the compost waste heat to power plant presented herein is the correct design and selection of the heat exchanger which interfaces the compost waste heat stream to the isobutane ORC. The design and analysis of this heat exchanger as well as commercially off-the-shelf hardware to meet the specifications is given in detail herein
{"title":"Compost Waste Heat to Power Organic Rankine Cycle Design and Analysis","authors":"Frederick B. Mitri, Genesis Ponce, Kevin R. Anderson","doi":"10.1115/1.4062288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a feasibility study of a hybrid compost waste heat to power/Concentrating Solar Panel (CSP) green energy Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The power plant is baselined to operate with a duty of 24/7 on compost waste heat and utilize solar thermal energy to boost power output during the day. This paper discusses the design of the power plant, the design of a compost driven heat exchanger/boiler, compost pile thermal analysis, CSP analysis, and simulated power plant output analysis The selection of isobutane as ORC working fluid is justified herein. A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis was performed to ensure that the energy produced by this hybrid power plant would come at a reasonable and competitive cost. The results herein show that the hybrid power plant affords an LCOE of 4 ¢/kWh for compost operation alone and an LCOE of 10.7 ¢/kWh for compost and CSP solar energy operation. The hybrid compost/ORC power plant presented herein affords an average energy conversion efficiency of 4.3%. Centric to the operation of the compost waste heat to power plant presented herein is the correct design and selection of the heat exchanger which interfaces the compost waste heat stream to the isobutane ORC. The design and analysis of this heat exchanger as well as commercially off-the-shelf hardware to meet the specifications is given in detail herein","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136265509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulan Li, Weijia Yang, Yifan Huang, Weichao Ma, Zhigao Zhao, Jiebin Yang, Yongguang Cheng, Z. Qian, Jiandong Yang
Variable speed operation has emerged as a key direction in the development of pumped storage technology. Maintaining pressure pulsation within the control range is particularly critical for ensuring operational safety of variable-speed pumped storage plants (VSPSPs). However, there is limited research on the relationship between pressure pulsation for pump-turbine and variable speed operation. This paper presents amplitude distribution diagrams of pressure pulsation, obtained from processing model test results of a real VSPSP. Different conditions of variable speed operation are simulated by a numerical model to analyze the influence of operating trajectory on pressure pulsation, and the intensity of pressure pulsation is quantitatively evaluated. According to the results, when the initial speed or speed command increases, the trajectory passes through more regions with high-amplitude pressure pulsation and gradually moves towards the S-shaped region, leading to pressure oscillations. When speed command reduces, maximum pressure pulsation at the volute inlet and in the draft tube can be reduced by 82.18% and 63.24% at most, and the evaluation score can be increased by 28.77%. The findings of this study can offer theoretical guidance for operating VSPSPs.
{"title":"Reduction of Pressure Pulsation for Pump-Turbine by Variable Speed Operation","authors":"Yulan Li, Weijia Yang, Yifan Huang, Weichao Ma, Zhigao Zhao, Jiebin Yang, Yongguang Cheng, Z. Qian, Jiandong Yang","doi":"10.1115/1.4062442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062442","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Variable speed operation has emerged as a key direction in the development of pumped storage technology. Maintaining pressure pulsation within the control range is particularly critical for ensuring operational safety of variable-speed pumped storage plants (VSPSPs). However, there is limited research on the relationship between pressure pulsation for pump-turbine and variable speed operation. This paper presents amplitude distribution diagrams of pressure pulsation, obtained from processing model test results of a real VSPSP. Different conditions of variable speed operation are simulated by a numerical model to analyze the influence of operating trajectory on pressure pulsation, and the intensity of pressure pulsation is quantitatively evaluated. According to the results, when the initial speed or speed command increases, the trajectory passes through more regions with high-amplitude pressure pulsation and gradually moves towards the S-shaped region, leading to pressure oscillations. When speed command reduces, maximum pressure pulsation at the volute inlet and in the draft tube can be reduced by 82.18% and 63.24% at most, and the evaluation score can be increased by 28.77%. The findings of this study can offer theoretical guidance for operating VSPSPs.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48813631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel approach to estimate reserves of oil and water reservoirs undergoing boundary-dominated flow conditions in a simplified yet accurate manner. The methodology incorporates rescaled density-based exponential models and is based on the coupling of two-phase oil and water material balances with multiphase well deliverability equations. Current multi-phase production data analysis methods employed for reserve calculations, including density-based approach, are subjected to the determination of saturation-pressure relationship, multiphase pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time, as well as the iterative nature of its own algorithm. The herein proposed approach circumnvents the need for pseudo-variables calculations, thus, precluding the determination of saturation-pressure relationship and removing the iterative nature often present in state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed model is validated by comparing its predictions to numerical models with both constant and variable bottomhole pressure constrainrs, and has been found to match closely. For all cases, relative errors are found to be less than 1%.
{"title":"A robust density-based approach to Production Data Analysis of Oil/Water multiphase flow system","authors":"Kien Tran, Jonathan Garcez, L. Ayala H.","doi":"10.1115/1.4062405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062405","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a novel approach to estimate reserves of oil and water reservoirs undergoing boundary-dominated flow conditions in a simplified yet accurate manner. The methodology incorporates rescaled density-based exponential models and is based on the coupling of two-phase oil and water material balances with multiphase well deliverability equations. Current multi-phase production data analysis methods employed for reserve calculations, including density-based approach, are subjected to the determination of saturation-pressure relationship, multiphase pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time, as well as the iterative nature of its own algorithm. The herein proposed approach circumnvents the need for pseudo-variables calculations, thus, precluding the determination of saturation-pressure relationship and removing the iterative nature often present in state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed model is validated by comparing its predictions to numerical models with both constant and variable bottomhole pressure constrainrs, and has been found to match closely. For all cases, relative errors are found to be less than 1%.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prabhu L, Shenbagaraman S, A. A, A. Muniappan, Suthan R, Ibham Veza
This study investigates the Glycine max (soybean oil) biodiesel with hydrogen along with MgO nanoadditives on compression ignition engines. A series of tests conducted at various loading conditions in a water-cooled, single-cylinder, constant-speed engine. The biodiesel blended soya oil was used as the primary fuel and hydrogen was added at a constant volume of 25 LPM. Additionally, MgO nanoparticles were dispersed to the blends at concentrations of 50 ppm. In this study, it was found that the addition of hydrogen to the CI engine resulted in an increase in combustion performance. In addition, hydrogen and oxygen molecules significantly reduced the exhaust gas temperature and brake specific fuel consumption of biodiesel samples. An increase in nanoparticle concentration resulted in a reduction in emissions of pollutants such CO2, CO and HC. Inclusion of the hydrogen to the combustion chamber reduces the carbon content burned. Further, the availability of extra molecules in the MgO aids the fuel to reach higher combustion rates. At higher load conditions, biodiesel blends showed slight decrease in NOx emissions. Overall, from the findings it is clear that hydrogen addition and nanoparticles enhanced emission and combustion process, which is attributed due to increase in hydrogen content in the fuel.
{"title":"Prediction of the engine performance and emission characteristics of Glycine max biodiesel blends with nanoadditives and hydrogen","authors":"Prabhu L, Shenbagaraman S, A. A, A. Muniappan, Suthan R, Ibham Veza","doi":"10.1115/1.4062380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062380","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the Glycine max (soybean oil) biodiesel with hydrogen along with MgO nanoadditives on compression ignition engines. A series of tests conducted at various loading conditions in a water-cooled, single-cylinder, constant-speed engine. The biodiesel blended soya oil was used as the primary fuel and hydrogen was added at a constant volume of 25 LPM. Additionally, MgO nanoparticles were dispersed to the blends at concentrations of 50 ppm. In this study, it was found that the addition of hydrogen to the CI engine resulted in an increase in combustion performance. In addition, hydrogen and oxygen molecules significantly reduced the exhaust gas temperature and brake specific fuel consumption of biodiesel samples. An increase in nanoparticle concentration resulted in a reduction in emissions of pollutants such CO2, CO and HC. Inclusion of the hydrogen to the combustion chamber reduces the carbon content burned. Further, the availability of extra molecules in the MgO aids the fuel to reach higher combustion rates. At higher load conditions, biodiesel blends showed slight decrease in NOx emissions. Overall, from the findings it is clear that hydrogen addition and nanoparticles enhanced emission and combustion process, which is attributed due to increase in hydrogen content in the fuel.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41507917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Habib, MD Azazul Haque, B. Imteyaz, M. Hussain, M. Abdelnaby
Global warming due to the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere has directed global attention toward the adaptation of renewable energies and the use of renewable energy resources, like solar energy. Solar energy utilization could contribute to clean energy production, which is continuously needed due to increased population and industrialization. Recent increasing anxieties over energy sustainability and the preservation of falling global ecosystem has renewed the expedition for extra efficient and economical processes for the utilization of renewable energy. Various approaches have been developed for effective utilization of solar energy in different fields, which are highlighted in this work. In power generation, solar energy is utilized in preheating the air upstream the combustion chamber in gas turbines and in waste heat recovery for combined-cogeneration cycles. It can also be used in Rankine cycles of thermal power plants utilizing low critical temperature gases such as CO2. In cooling and refrigeration systems, solar energy is utilized in reboilers, absorption, and mechanical cooling systems. Solar energy can also be utilized to produce clean fuels such as H2 production either from water splitting or from light and heavy fuels via fuel reforming and membrane separation. In addition, solar systems can be integrated to carbon capture applications in each of its three technologies of pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion, and post-combustion. Integration of solar energy in these processes is reviewed comprehensively in this work. Thus, the solar energy in power generation, cooling-refrigeration, hydrogen production-storage and carbon capture technologies are analyzed and evaluated.
{"title":"Potential of Integrating Solar Energy into Systems of Thermal Power Generation, Cooling-Refrigeration, Hydrogen Production, and Carbon Capture","authors":"M. Habib, MD Azazul Haque, B. Imteyaz, M. Hussain, M. Abdelnaby","doi":"10.1115/1.4062381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062381","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Global warming due to the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere has directed global attention toward the adaptation of renewable energies and the use of renewable energy resources, like solar energy. Solar energy utilization could contribute to clean energy production, which is continuously needed due to increased population and industrialization. Recent increasing anxieties over energy sustainability and the preservation of falling global ecosystem has renewed the expedition for extra efficient and economical processes for the utilization of renewable energy. Various approaches have been developed for effective utilization of solar energy in different fields, which are highlighted in this work. In power generation, solar energy is utilized in preheating the air upstream the combustion chamber in gas turbines and in waste heat recovery for combined-cogeneration cycles. It can also be used in Rankine cycles of thermal power plants utilizing low critical temperature gases such as CO2. In cooling and refrigeration systems, solar energy is utilized in reboilers, absorption, and mechanical cooling systems. Solar energy can also be utilized to produce clean fuels such as H2 production either from water splitting or from light and heavy fuels via fuel reforming and membrane separation. In addition, solar systems can be integrated to carbon capture applications in each of its three technologies of pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion, and post-combustion. Integration of solar energy in these processes is reviewed comprehensively in this work. Thus, the solar energy in power generation, cooling-refrigeration, hydrogen production-storage and carbon capture technologies are analyzed and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data-driven models have risen in popularity during the past ten years, which increase the effectiveness and durability of systems without necessitating a lot of human involvement. Despite all of their advantages, they remain the limitations in terms of model interpretation, data selection and model evaluation, etc. Sensitivity Analysis is a powerful tool to decipher behaviors of data-driven models to analyze the correlations among inputs and outputs of models, and quantify the severity of inputs' influence on outputs to effectively interpret these black-box models. Feature Selection (FS) is a pre-processing approach used in data-driven modeling to select the crucial parameters as inputs fed to models. For the most of existing works, the FS is well-used to select inputs through the analysis on the drilling data correlations, while SA is seldom employed for data-driven model evaluation and interpretation in drilling applications. Data-driven Rate of Penetration (ROP) models have consistently outperformed many conventional ROP models, most likely as a result of their strong data analysis capabilities, capacity to learn from data in order to recognize data patterns, and effective policies for making logical decisions automatically. A data-driven ROP model was developed from a benchmarking field drilling dataset in this work. Following the ROP modelling, sensitivity analysis methods were employed to identify the input variables that had the greatest influence on ROP estimations. The FS techniques and the sensitivity analysis were combined during the data preprocessing to identify the most important aspects for modelling. The outcomes demonstrate that using the obust sensitivity analysis techniques to overcome the limits of machine learning models allows for the best interpretation and understanding of the produced data-driven models.
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis and Feature Selection for Drilling-oriented Models","authors":"Sofia Tariq, D. Sui","doi":"10.1115/1.4062382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062382","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Data-driven models have risen in popularity during the past ten years, which increase the effectiveness and durability of systems without necessitating a lot of human involvement. Despite all of their advantages, they remain the limitations in terms of model interpretation, data selection and model evaluation, etc. Sensitivity Analysis is a powerful tool to decipher behaviors of data-driven models to analyze the correlations among inputs and outputs of models, and quantify the severity of inputs' influence on outputs to effectively interpret these black-box models. Feature Selection (FS) is a pre-processing approach used in data-driven modeling to select the crucial parameters as inputs fed to models. For the most of existing works, the FS is well-used to select inputs through the analysis on the drilling data correlations, while SA is seldom employed for data-driven model evaluation and interpretation in drilling applications. Data-driven Rate of Penetration (ROP) models have consistently outperformed many conventional ROP models, most likely as a result of their strong data analysis capabilities, capacity to learn from data in order to recognize data patterns, and effective policies for making logical decisions automatically. A data-driven ROP model was developed from a benchmarking field drilling dataset in this work. Following the ROP modelling, sensitivity analysis methods were employed to identify the input variables that had the greatest influence on ROP estimations. The FS techniques and the sensitivity analysis were combined during the data preprocessing to identify the most important aspects for modelling. The outcomes demonstrate that using the obust sensitivity analysis techniques to overcome the limits of machine learning models allows for the best interpretation and understanding of the produced data-driven models.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to expound the recovery of low-grade heat deriving from cooling data center electronics, in order to sustain a thermodynamic cycle of the Rankine type, using cryogenic nitrogen as the working fluid. A novel conception of energy plant is proposed and considered where these resources are available. The evaporator, built in a closed and thermally insulated vessel, is the key component. Liquid nitrogen is evaporated by means of an immersed serpentine which provides for the thermal power and produces the pressurized gas. A supplementary reservoir acts as super-heater, as well as buffer. The plant is completed with a turboexpander that generates power and a pump to recirculate the fluid. A thermodynamic model is developed. A dimensioning procedure for all the subsystems is reported, while a verification analysis is made to detect the maximum pressure that can be exerted. Hence, an in-depth parametric analysis is made for two plant layout scenarios, based on the presence (1) and absence (2) of the supplementary tank. The simulations are aimed at determining all the operating parameters of the plant, as well as the performance. The results show that pressure is beneficial for performance, presenting scenario 1 as better than 2. The maximum nitrogen pressurization is 12-bar, which corresponds to an electric efficiency of 31.5 %, under a thermal supply of 2.79 kW per 1 kW of net electric power produced.
{"title":"Parametric analysis and design of a power plant to recover low-grade heat from data center electronics by using liquid nitrogen","authors":"O. Corigliano, G. Florio, P. Fragiacomo","doi":"10.1115/1.4062378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062378","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this paper is to expound the recovery of low-grade heat deriving from cooling data center electronics, in order to sustain a thermodynamic cycle of the Rankine type, using cryogenic nitrogen as the working fluid. A novel conception of energy plant is proposed and considered where these resources are available. The evaporator, built in a closed and thermally insulated vessel, is the key component. Liquid nitrogen is evaporated by means of an immersed serpentine which provides for the thermal power and produces the pressurized gas. A supplementary reservoir acts as super-heater, as well as buffer. The plant is completed with a turboexpander that generates power and a pump to recirculate the fluid. A thermodynamic model is developed. A dimensioning procedure for all the subsystems is reported, while a verification analysis is made to detect the maximum pressure that can be exerted. Hence, an in-depth parametric analysis is made for two plant layout scenarios, based on the presence (1) and absence (2) of the supplementary tank. The simulations are aimed at determining all the operating parameters of the plant, as well as the performance. The results show that pressure is beneficial for performance, presenting scenario 1 as better than 2. The maximum nitrogen pressurization is 12-bar, which corresponds to an electric efficiency of 31.5 %, under a thermal supply of 2.79 kW per 1 kW of net electric power produced.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49224114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A., Karthikeyan L, D. Sahoo, Mallika M, Subramaniam Prakash
Utilization of the numerical simulations has been increased rapidly to test many innovative concepts in the field of advanced fuel technologies. Implementation of many chemical compound's interaction is viable option by the numerical tools. Hence in this current study, the numerical simulation has been performed to evaluate the effect of spray velocities on the mass fraction of various compounds. The conceptual numerical domain has been constructed with mixture of two inlets such as Air and CH4using ANSYS-CFD. In addition to the CH4, the nanoparticles were injected in the same inlet using volume of fluid method. The fuel was injected at different velocities of 100 m/s, 125 m/s, 150 m/s and 175 m/s. Here two sections of the domains are created, one of the oxidizers and another for the CH4 with nanoparticles. Throughout the entire trails run the nanoparticle concentration has been maintained constant. A series of the pictorial contours has been captured to understand the influence of the fuel impinging characteristics and the rate of the chemical reactions in the combustion chamber. Form the findings it is evident that, when the CH4 injection velocity is higher the formation of the vortices was high inside the combustion chamber. Further, the turbulence intensity inside the chamber is high which delays the reaction time and which leads to the higher combustion indeed.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of spray characteristics with methane and nanoparticles under various injection velocities","authors":"A. A., Karthikeyan L, D. Sahoo, Mallika M, Subramaniam Prakash","doi":"10.1115/1.4062379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062379","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Utilization of the numerical simulations has been increased rapidly to test many innovative concepts in the field of advanced fuel technologies. Implementation of many chemical compound's interaction is viable option by the numerical tools. Hence in this current study, the numerical simulation has been performed to evaluate the effect of spray velocities on the mass fraction of various compounds. The conceptual numerical domain has been constructed with mixture of two inlets such as Air and CH4using ANSYS-CFD. In addition to the CH4, the nanoparticles were injected in the same inlet using volume of fluid method. The fuel was injected at different velocities of 100 m/s, 125 m/s, 150 m/s and 175 m/s. Here two sections of the domains are created, one of the oxidizers and another for the CH4 with nanoparticles. Throughout the entire trails run the nanoparticle concentration has been maintained constant. A series of the pictorial contours has been captured to understand the influence of the fuel impinging characteristics and the rate of the chemical reactions in the combustion chamber. Form the findings it is evident that, when the CH4 injection velocity is higher the formation of the vortices was high inside the combustion chamber. Further, the turbulence intensity inside the chamber is high which delays the reaction time and which leads to the higher combustion indeed.","PeriodicalId":15676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41700798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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