Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.273
M. Haghani, Mahdi Kharghani, Shahram Daneshpazhuh
Effective parameters on producing food grade phosphoric acid and consequently di-ammonium phosphate fertilizer from a sedimentary phosphate ore were investigated in this study. The ore characterization analysis was performed and revealed that there were 32.32% of P2O5 along with some elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, fluorine, arsenic and lead in the ore deposit. Following the initial washing experiments, two methods were used to dissolve ore and multi-step purification of phosphoric acid was performed to remove impurities. Accordingly, the solution had been concentrated using solvent extraction system. The extractant was prepared in a novel way from three-to-one mixture of Tributyl-phosphate and Isopropyl-alcohol. Kerosene was used as a solvent in these experiments. For optimization, the experiments were performed using statistical design method by DX7 software and then high purity phosphoric acid was obtained. Finally, the obtained phosphoric acid was converted to ammonium based fertilizers during optimization tests.
{"title":"A Novel Multi-Step Purification Method for Production of Profitable Food Grade Phosphoric Acid and Ammonium Based Fertilizers from a Sedimentary Ore","authors":"M. Haghani, Mahdi Kharghani, Shahram Daneshpazhuh","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.273","url":null,"abstract":"Effective parameters on producing food grade phosphoric acid and consequently di-ammonium phosphate fertilizer from a sedimentary phosphate ore were investigated in this study. The ore characterization analysis was performed and revealed that there were 32.32% of P2O5 along with some elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, fluorine, arsenic and lead in the ore deposit. Following the initial washing experiments, two methods were used to dissolve ore and multi-step purification of phosphoric acid was performed to remove impurities. Accordingly, the solution had been concentrated using solvent extraction system. The extractant was prepared in a novel way from three-to-one mixture of Tributyl-phosphate and Isopropyl-alcohol. Kerosene was used as a solvent in these experiments. For optimization, the experiments were performed using statistical design method by DX7 software and then high purity phosphoric acid was obtained. Finally, the obtained phosphoric acid was converted to ammonium based fertilizers during optimization tests.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85506670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.269
C. Mounica
The Editorial Note in Environmental Science (ENES) series, including its Editorial Notes sub-topics in Application of Environmental Science and Editorial Notes in Environmentalpollution,has setup it-self as medium for the publication of new tendencies in Environmental Science and analytical chemistry know how lookup and instructing.
{"title":"Editorial Note on Environmental Science","authors":"C. Mounica","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.269","url":null,"abstract":"The Editorial Note in Environmental Science (ENES) series, including its Editorial Notes sub-topics in Application of Environmental Science and Editorial Notes in Environmentalpollution,has setup it-self as medium for the publication of new tendencies in Environmental Science and analytical chemistry know how lookup and instructing.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"48 1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76501307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.278
Boisa Ndokiari, C. Grace, Okpulor Happiness
Proper human health risk assessments are rarely conducted for mining communities, consequently when there is need for remediation to be conducted and compensation to be paid to impacted population they are typically done, assuming equal exposure risks from varying mining activities. This study was conducted to compare the distribution of potentially toxic elements in surfaces soils of gemstone and lead mining towns in Nigeria, and their anticipated exposure risks. To achieve this thirty-two surface soil samples were collected from Eggon, a gemstone mining town in Nasarawa State and Enyigba, a lead mining town in Ebonyi State. The samples were air dried, disaggregated and sieved through a 2000 μm mesh with the <2000 fraction retained for aqua regia digestion. Potentially toxic elements bound in the samples were quantified with Agilent Technologies 4210 (MP-AES). Mineral phases were identified and quantified using using a inXitu’s portable transmission XRD/XRF instrument (Terra) with a miniature X-ray tube and a CCD detector for collection both XRD signatures. The PTEs, As, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn were higher in surface soils of lead mining town. At the gemstone mining town most the PTEs indicated similar concentrations at both mine site and residential areas, while at the lead mining town of the PTEs indicated higher concentrations at mine sites and mine road. At the lead mining town the estimated daily exposure doses for Pb were above threshold values irrespective of the exposure scenario. Mineralogy data indicated most of the PTEs in mineralized phases.
{"title":"Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Surface Soils of Gemstones and Lead Mining Communities: Differential Mineral Phases and Exposure Risks","authors":"Boisa Ndokiari, C. Grace, Okpulor Happiness","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.278","url":null,"abstract":"Proper human health risk assessments are rarely conducted for mining communities, consequently when there is need for remediation to be conducted and compensation to be paid to impacted population they are typically done, assuming equal exposure risks from varying mining activities. This study was conducted to compare the distribution of potentially toxic elements in surfaces soils of gemstone and lead mining towns in Nigeria, and their anticipated exposure risks. To achieve this thirty-two surface soil samples were collected from Eggon, a gemstone mining town in Nasarawa State and Enyigba, a lead mining town in Ebonyi State. The samples were air dried, disaggregated and sieved through a 2000 μm mesh with the <2000 fraction retained for aqua regia digestion. Potentially toxic elements bound in the samples were quantified with Agilent Technologies 4210 (MP-AES). Mineral phases were identified and quantified using using a inXitu’s portable transmission XRD/XRF instrument (Terra) with a miniature X-ray tube and a CCD detector for collection both XRD signatures. The PTEs, As, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn were higher in surface soils of lead mining town. At the gemstone mining town most the PTEs indicated similar concentrations at both mine site and residential areas, while at the lead mining town of the PTEs indicated higher concentrations at mine sites and mine road. At the lead mining town the estimated daily exposure doses for Pb were above threshold values irrespective of the exposure scenario. Mineralogy data indicated most of the PTEs in mineralized phases.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74464208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kiyono, Toru Matsuki, Noriaki Seki, Hiromasa Nishikiori
Porous polydimethylsiloxine (PDMS) membranes were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) or propylene glycol (PG) as pore forming agent (PFA). After the PDMS/PFA membranes were prepared, they were immersed in warm water to remove PFA from the membranes to prepare the PDMS porous membranes. Symmetric porous PDMS membrane was obtained when PEG was used as PFA. However, asymmetric porous membrane having a dense PDMS layer on one surface was prepared when PG was used as PFA. The porosity of the membranes increased with PFA content. The solvent permeation across the membranes was measured by low-pressure (0.2 MPa) driven filtration. Three kinds of ink solutions (green, blue and white) containing fine solid particle less than 360 μm and organic solvent were used as feed solutions. The permeation increased with increasing the PFA content. The solid particle weight concentrations in ink solutions were about 10 wt% , however, almost pure solvent was obtained for all the ink solutions by the filtration when the membranes prepared using PG as PFA: the solid particle weight concentration was less than 1 wt% in permeate.
{"title":"Effect of Pore Forming Agent on the Porous Structure of Polydimethylsiloxine Membranes and Solvent Recovery by Low-pressure Membrane Filtration from Ink Solutions","authors":"R. Kiyono, Toru Matsuki, Noriaki Seki, Hiromasa Nishikiori","doi":"10.5985/jec.30.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.30.100","url":null,"abstract":"Porous polydimethylsiloxine (PDMS) membranes were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) or propylene glycol (PG) as pore forming agent (PFA). After the PDMS/PFA membranes were prepared, they were immersed in warm water to remove PFA from the membranes to prepare the PDMS porous membranes. Symmetric porous PDMS membrane was obtained when PEG was used as PFA. However, asymmetric porous membrane having a dense PDMS layer on one surface was prepared when PG was used as PFA. The porosity of the membranes increased with PFA content. The solvent permeation across the membranes was measured by low-pressure (0.2 MPa) driven filtration. Three kinds of ink solutions (green, blue and white) containing fine solid particle less than 360 μm and organic solvent were used as feed solutions. The permeation increased with increasing the PFA content. The solid particle weight concentrations in ink solutions were about 10 wt% , however, almost pure solvent was obtained for all the ink solutions by the filtration when the membranes prepared using PG as PFA: the solid particle weight concentration was less than 1 wt% in permeate.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Misato Matsumoto, H. Nomaki, S. Kawagucci, Y. Koga, Taiki Higuchi, Hideaki Matsumoto, Kou Nishimuta, N. Ryuda, D. Ueno
The usage of synthetic fragrances which contained in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been increasing in Japan, and environmental discharge of those chemicals have also been increasing. This study tried to detect odor compounds in sediment core samples collected from 1 , 400 and 9 , 200 m water depths, in Sagami Bay and Izu-Bonin Trench, Japan. Odor activities in sediment core samples were detected by Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O) which detects odor chemicals using human olfaction. It is the first report which analyzed the odor activities in deep-sea sediments. By comparing odor activities found in deeper and surface core samples, six odor compounds were tentatively defined as anthropogenic source. It is required to conduct the novel research topic of “ environmental risk assessment for odor compounds ” . The GC-O could be useful technique to find the emerging chemicals on the research fields of environmental chemistry.
{"title":"Detection of Odor Compounds in Deep-sea Sediment Cores from Sagami Bay and Izu-Bonin Trench using Gas Chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O)","authors":"Misato Matsumoto, H. Nomaki, S. Kawagucci, Y. Koga, Taiki Higuchi, Hideaki Matsumoto, Kou Nishimuta, N. Ryuda, D. Ueno","doi":"10.5985/jec.30.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.30.94","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of synthetic fragrances which contained in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been increasing in Japan, and environmental discharge of those chemicals have also been increasing. This study tried to detect odor compounds in sediment core samples collected from 1 , 400 and 9 , 200 m water depths, in Sagami Bay and Izu-Bonin Trench, Japan. Odor activities in sediment core samples were detected by Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O) which detects odor chemicals using human olfaction. It is the first report which analyzed the odor activities in deep-sea sediments. By comparing odor activities found in deeper and surface core samples, six odor compounds were tentatively defined as anthropogenic source. It is required to conduct the novel research topic of “ environmental risk assessment for odor compounds ” . The GC-O could be useful technique to find the emerging chemicals on the research fields of environmental chemistry.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90479109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The uranium (U) concentrations of the agricultural and non-agricultural soils in four areas (Isa, Nagashima, Nansatsu, and Osumi) in Kagoshima Prefecture were determined. The U concentrations of the agricultural soils were higher than those of the non-agricultural soils in all areas. The U concentrations were positively correlated with the P concentrations in the soils, which suggested a link between long-term phosphate fertilizer application and U accumulation in the soils. The amounts of U enriched in the agricultural soil surfaces ( 0 - 15 cm depth) in the Isa, Nagashima, Nansatsu, and Osumi areas, as calculated from the comparison with the non-agricultural soils, were estimated to be 47 - 318 , 25 - 343 , 61 - 226 , and 47 - 185 mg / m 2 , respectively. This demonstrated that the accumulation of U occurred in the agricultural soils in these areas. The commercially available superphosphate, magnesium multi-phosphate, fused magnesium phosphate, animal waste composts, and sewage sludge compost in these areas contained 51 . 6 , 22 . 2 , 10 . 6 , 0 . 88 - 1 . 07 , and 1 . 56 μ g / g of U, respectively, which showed that these fertilizer materials could become sources of U in agricultural soils. Accord-ing to the calculation with reference to the amount of fertilizer applied, it was estimated that the amounts of U added from fertilizers were 2 . 7 - 3 . 0 mg / m 2 in rice paddy fields and 8 . 6 - 9 . 2 mg / m 2 in Chinese cabbage fields per cropping system. These results indicated that the amounts of U input derived from fertilizers per cropping system differed greatly depend-ing on the cultivated crop.
{"title":"The Accumulation of Uranium in Agricultural Soils in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan","authors":"I. Akagi, N. Chishaki","doi":"10.5985/jec.30.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.30.133","url":null,"abstract":"The uranium (U) concentrations of the agricultural and non-agricultural soils in four areas (Isa, Nagashima, Nansatsu, and Osumi) in Kagoshima Prefecture were determined. The U concentrations of the agricultural soils were higher than those of the non-agricultural soils in all areas. The U concentrations were positively correlated with the P concentrations in the soils, which suggested a link between long-term phosphate fertilizer application and U accumulation in the soils. The amounts of U enriched in the agricultural soil surfaces ( 0 - 15 cm depth) in the Isa, Nagashima, Nansatsu, and Osumi areas, as calculated from the comparison with the non-agricultural soils, were estimated to be 47 - 318 , 25 - 343 , 61 - 226 , and 47 - 185 mg / m 2 , respectively. This demonstrated that the accumulation of U occurred in the agricultural soils in these areas. The commercially available superphosphate, magnesium multi-phosphate, fused magnesium phosphate, animal waste composts, and sewage sludge compost in these areas contained 51 . 6 , 22 . 2 , 10 . 6 , 0 . 88 - 1 . 07 , and 1 . 56 μ g / g of U, respectively, which showed that these fertilizer materials could become sources of U in agricultural soils. Accord-ing to the calculation with reference to the amount of fertilizer applied, it was estimated that the amounts of U added from fertilizers were 2 . 7 - 3 . 0 mg / m 2 in rice paddy fields and 8 . 6 - 9 . 2 mg / m 2 in Chinese cabbage fields per cropping system. These results indicated that the amounts of U input derived from fertilizers per cropping system differed greatly depend-ing on the cultivated crop.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89836609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.270
Shihori Tanabe
On behalf of the Board of the Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (https://www.hilarispublisher.com/environmental-analyticalchemistry/editorial-board.html) and my co-editors, I am glad to present the Volume 7, Issue 3 of the journal. The journal established in the year 2014 has now published 27 issues; four issues in a year, including special issues.
{"title":"Editorial Note on Issue Release of the Journal","authors":"Shihori Tanabe","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.270","url":null,"abstract":"On behalf of the Board of the Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (https://www.hilarispublisher.com/environmental-analyticalchemistry/editorial-board.html) and my co-editors, I am glad to present the Volume 7, Issue 3 of the journal. The journal established in the year 2014 has now published 27 issues; four issues in a year, including special issues.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"401 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(CSS), and XRD spectra, TG / DTA signals and pore properties (BET) of CSS were characterized. The influences of calcination temperature of scallop shells, pH, adsorption time and concentration on the phosphate adsorption using CSS were studied in batch adsorption experiment. The XRD spectra showed that CaO appeared after calcination at 800℃ , the TG / DTA result exhibited decreasing weight around 38 % from 600 to 800℃ and BET surface area portrayed increasing value after calcination process at 800℃ . The solution pH on the phosphate adsorption had no significant effect by calcination at 800℃ (CSS- 800 ). A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption data by CSS- 800 was evaluated with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model, and the experimental data were fitted well to pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the result of isotherm studies had an approach to Langmuir method with linear regression of 0 . 998 . The adsorption amount of CSS- 800 was 30 times higher than scallop shell without calcination.
{"title":"Calcined Scallop Shells for Phosphate Adsorption in Aqueous Solution","authors":"Aqidatul Izza, T. Kojima, Y. Amano, M. Machida","doi":"10.5985/jec.30.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.30.119","url":null,"abstract":"(CSS), and XRD spectra, TG / DTA signals and pore properties (BET) of CSS were characterized. The influences of calcination temperature of scallop shells, pH, adsorption time and concentration on the phosphate adsorption using CSS were studied in batch adsorption experiment. The XRD spectra showed that CaO appeared after calcination at 800℃ , the TG / DTA result exhibited decreasing weight around 38 % from 600 to 800℃ and BET surface area portrayed increasing value after calcination process at 800℃ . The solution pH on the phosphate adsorption had no significant effect by calcination at 800℃ (CSS- 800 ). A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption data by CSS- 800 was evaluated with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model, and the experimental data were fitted well to pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the result of isotherm studies had an approach to Langmuir method with linear regression of 0 . 998 . The adsorption amount of CSS- 800 was 30 times higher than scallop shell without calcination.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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