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Preharvest Salicylic Acid and Oxalic Acid Decrease Bioactive and Quality Loss in Blackberry (cv. Chester) Fruits during Cold Storage 采前水杨酸和草酸可减少黑莓(Chester)果实在冷藏期间的生物活性和品质损失
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4286507
Derya Erbas, Kerem Mertoglu, Ilknur Eskimez, Mehmet Polat, Mehmet A. Koyuncu, Melekber S. Durul, Ibrahim Bulduk, Barış Kaki, Tuba Esatbeyoglu

In this study, we investigated the effects of preharvest oxalic acid (2.5 mM (OA1) and 5 mM (OA2)) and salicylic acid (0.5 mM (SA1) and 1 mM (SA2)) treatments on the storage and quality of blackberry cv. Chester. We applied salicylic acid and oxalic acid to the plants seven and fourteen days before harvest and recorded the physiological, physicochemical, and external appearance characteristics of the fruits during the cold storage period (nine days). The results showed that the treatments decreased ethylene production by 29.5% (SA1) at harvest and by 28.5% (SA2) at the end of the storage period. In addition, the respiration rate was reduced between 13.0% (OA2) and 28.0% (SA2) compared to the control. Although fruit weigh loss increased as storage extended, the highest losses were observed in control with 1.35%. Titratable acidity decreased from harvest (0.46%) to the end of storage (0.39%) in the control, whereas it ranged from 0.52% (SA1) to 0.62% (OA1) in the treatment groups. Malic acid and syringic acid were the dominant organic acid and phenolic, respectively, and although their content decreased continuously in the control group, no loss was observed in the treated groups after the sixth day. These effects were positively reflected in the external appearance of the fruits, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and properties related to antioxidant activity. As a result of the cumulative evaluation of all parameters, it can be suggested that Chester fruits can be stored for nine days in marketable quality with the SA2 applications. Among oxalic acid concentrations, 2.5 mM can be recommended for phytochemical accumulation at harvest and short-term storage of three days.

在这项研究中,我们调查了采收前草酸(2.5 mM (OA1) 和 5 mM (OA2))和水杨酸(0.5 mM (SA1) 和 1 mM (SA2))处理对黑莓品种切斯特(Chester.切斯特我们在采收前七天和十四天对植株施用水杨酸和草酸,并记录了果实在冷藏期间(九天)的生理、理化和外观特征。结果表明,这些处理在收获时使乙烯产量减少了 29.5%(SA1),在贮藏期结束时使乙烯产量减少了 28.5%(SA2)。此外,与对照相比,呼吸速率降低了 13.0%(OA2)和 28.0%(SA2)。虽然果实重量损失随着贮藏时间的延长而增加,但对照组的损失率最高,为 1.35%。对照组的可滴定酸度从采收(0.46%)到贮藏结束(0.39%)一直在下降,而处理组的可滴定酸度则从 0.52%(SA1)到 0.62%(OA1)不等。苹果酸和丁香酸分别是最主要的有机酸和酚类物质,虽然它们的含量在对照组中持续下降,但在处理组中,第六天后没有观察到损失。这些效果在果实的外观、总酚含量、总黄酮含量以及与抗氧化活性相关的特性上都得到了积极的反映。对所有参数进行累积评估的结果表明,使用 SA2 的切斯特果实可贮藏 9 天,其品质可在市场上销售。在草酸浓度中,建议使用 2.5 毫摩尔的草酸浓度,以便在收获时积累植物化学物质,并短期储存 3 天。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 PUFAs Modulates Gut Microbiota and Protects the Intestinal Barrier in Senescence-Accelerated Mice 膳食中补充欧米加-3 PUFA 可调节衰老加速小鼠的肠道微生物群并保护肠道屏障
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8925691
Jun Qiu, Shuo Qi, Chengming Ding, Haiping Jiang, Guodong Chen, Xin Lv

Intestinal mucosal barrier aging is a major cause of the occurrence and development of many chronic diseases in older adults and is closely associated with gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether exogenous supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) can ameliorate aging-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by regulating the gut microbiota. This study was conducted to explore the roles of ω-3 PUFAs and gut microbiota in the process of maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used to establish a geriatric animal model and given reasonable doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplemented diets for six months to validate the effect of ω-3 PUFAs. Differences in the composition and function of gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study revealed that aging SAMP8 mice showed increased intestinal permeability and gut microbiota disorder. Long-term supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs reduced intestinal mucosal permeability (P < 0.05), regulated gut microbiota, strengthened the microecological interactions, and enhanced enrichment of metabolic pathways producing short-chain fatty acids (P < 0.05), ultimately ameliorating intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ω-3 PUFAs could maintain the aging intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating the relative abundance of eight key characteristic microbial strains to increase the concentration of DHA and EPA in the plasma and colon tissue and reduced intestinal permeability of SAMP8 mice. ω-3 PUFAs can significantly ameliorate intestinal mucosal barrier function in senescence-accelerated mice, and this effect is mediated by the gut microbiota. The findings of our study provide a scientific basis for the rational intake of ω-3 PUFAs in older adults to maintain intestinal mucosal barrier function.

肠道粘膜屏障老化是老年人多种慢性疾病发生和发展的主要原因,与肠道微生物群密切相关。然而,外源性补充ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs)是否能通过调节肠道微生物群来改善衰老引起的肠道粘膜屏障损伤,目前仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨ω-3 PUFAs和肠道微生物群在维持肠道粘膜屏障过程中的作用。用衰老加速小鼠易感基因8(SAMP8)小鼠建立老年动物模型,并给予合理剂量的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)补充饮食六个月,以验证ω-3 PUFAs的作用。利用 16S rRNA 基因测序分析了肠道微生物群组成和功能的差异。这项研究发现,衰老的 SAMP8 小鼠表现出肠道通透性增加和肠道微生物群紊乱。长期补充ω-3 PUFAs可降低肠道粘膜通透性(P < 0.05),调节肠道微生物群,加强微生态相互作用,提高产生短链脂肪酸代谢途径的富集度(P < 0.05),最终改善肠道粘膜屏障功能障碍。此外,我们还证明,ω-3 PUFAs 可以通过调节八个关键特征微生物菌株的相对丰度来维持衰老的肠粘膜屏障,从而提高血浆和结肠组织中 DHA 和 EPA 的浓度,降低 SAMP8 小鼠的肠道通透性。ω-3 PUFAs 可以显著改善衰老加速小鼠的肠粘膜屏障功能,而这种效应是由肠道微生物群介导的。我们的研究结果为老年人合理摄入ω-3 PUFAs以维持肠粘膜屏障功能提供了科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Microwave Pretreatment on Licorice Cell Structure, Components Content, and Physical Properties 微波预处理对甘草细胞结构、成分含量和物理特性的影响
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8711232
Xiya Luo, Jian Xu, Yanyan Miao, Ling Guo, Yao Liu, Jian Fu, Yongping Zhang

Microwave pretreatment, utilizing microwave thermal radiation to disrupt plant cell walls before the traditional extraction process, shows great promise in overcoming key challenges such as low extraction efficiency, high energy consumption, and excessive solvent usage in industrial licorice extraction. This study explored the effects of microwave pretreatment on cell structure, components content, and physical properties of licorice. Results revealed that microwave pretreatment disrupted the structural integrity of licorice cells, leading to a notable increase in the content of active ingredients. Specifically, the total of the five components peaked when treated at 500 W for 4 min. A comparison with the untreated group showed that glycyrrhizin, isoglycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid increased by 29.09%, 25.09%, 21.82%, 16.04%, and 22.62%, respectively. Furthermore, differences in physical parameters such as electrical conductivity, solid content, pH, and relative density were observed between the microwave pretreated and untreated extracts, indicating variations in conductive substances, acidic components, substance quality, or types between the two extract groups. Infrared spectrum analysis demonstrated that microwave pretreatment did not alter the overall chemical composition of licorice extract, but increased the content of active substances such as flavonoids, saponins, amides, lipids, sugars, and proteins. In addition, the ratio of material to liquid postmicrowave pretreatment was 1 : 4, with each component’s content being equivalent to 1 : 12 in the untreated group. These findings provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of microwave pretreatment in enhancing the content of active ingredients in licorice, while simultaneously reducing solvent usage and energy consumption.

微波预处理是在传统提取工艺之前利用微波热辐射破坏植物细胞壁的一种方法,在克服工业化甘草提取过程中提取效率低、能耗高、溶剂用量大等关键挑战方面大有可为。本研究探讨了微波预处理对甘草细胞结构、成分含量和物理特性的影响。结果表明,微波预处理破坏了甘草细胞结构的完整性,导致有效成分含量显著增加。具体来说,在 500 瓦的功率下处理 4 分钟后,五种成分的总含量达到峰值。与未处理组相比,甘草苷、异甘草苷、liquiritigenin、isiquiritigenin 和甘草酸分别增加了 29.09%、25.09%、21.82%、16.04% 和 22.62%。此外,微波预处理提取物和未处理提取物的电导率、固体含量、pH 值和相对密度等物理参数也存在差异,这表明两组提取物的导电物质、酸性成分、物质质量或类型存在差异。红外光谱分析表明,微波预处理并没有改变甘草提取物的整体化学成分,但增加了黄酮类、皂苷、酰胺、脂类、糖类和蛋白质等活性物质的含量。此外,微波预处理后物质与液体的比例为 1 :4 ,每种成分的含量相当于未处理组的 1 :12 的比例。这些发现有力地证明了微波预处理在提高甘草有效成分含量方面的有效性,同时还减少了溶剂用量和能耗。
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引用次数: 0
Phenolic Screening and Mixture Design Optimization for In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Honey, Propolis, and Bee Pollen 用于蜂蜜、蜂胶和花粉抗氧化和抗菌活性体外评估的酚类筛选和混合物优化设计
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8246224
Abderrazak Aboulghazi, Mouhcine Fadil, Soumaya Touzani, Lahbib Hibaoui, Christophe Hano, Badiaa Lyoussi

The current study used a design of experiments to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of three Moroccan bee products (honey (H), propolis (P), and bee pollen (BP)) on the free radical inhibition and antibacterial activity against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical contents of these three bee products were first evaluated using HPLC-DAD with 20 identified compounds (9 in both H and P extracts and 13 in BP extract). The P extract had the highest phytochemical content, with high levels of flavanone pinocembrin, flavanol catechin, lignan pinoresinol, and simple phenolics (p-coumaric and gallic acids). Then, the optimized mixtures were determined using an augmented simplex-centroid design. The optimized formulations (H33%:P43%:BP24%) and (H21%:P47%:BP32%) presented the optimal total phenolic content and DPPH-IC50 with 226.88 mgGAE/g and 10.64 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the formulations (H26%:P52%:BP22%) and (H35%:P40%:BP25%) showed the optimal antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MICS.aureus equal to 4.34 µg/mL) and E. coli (MICE.coli equal to 5.70 µg/mL), respectively. The predicted responses from these mixture proportions were also experimentally validated. Compared to the single free radical activity and antibacterial effect of each isolated bee product, these optimized formulations demonstrated an increased biological activity, and the determination of the fractional inhibitory concentrations revealed a synergistic effect between these products. This study emphasizes the interest in optimized bee product mixtures for practical applications beyond the pharmaceutical and food industries. Their potential can be extended to nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, animal health, environmental sustainability, and advanced biomedical research, offering holistic solutions for diverse challenges across various sectors. Exploring these applications further can unlock new avenues for innovation and sustainable development.

本研究采用实验设计来评估三种摩洛哥蜂产品(蜂蜜(H)、蜂胶(P)和蜂花粉(BP))对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌临床菌株的自由基抑制和抗菌活性的潜在协同作用。首先使用 HPLC-DAD 评估了这三种蜂产品的植物化学成分含量,共鉴定出 20 种化合物(H 和 P 提取物中均有 9 种,BP 提取物中有 13 种)。P 提取物中的植物化学成分含量最高,含有大量的黄酮松脂素、黄烷醇儿茶素、木质素松脂醇和简单酚类(对香豆酸和没食子酸)。然后,采用增强型单纯形-中心设计法确定了优化混合物。优化配方(H33%:P43%:BP24%)和(H21%:P47%:BP32%)的总酚含量和 DPPH-IC50 分别为 226.88 mgGAE/g 和 10.64 µg/mL,而配方(H26%:P52%:BP22%)和(H35%:P40%:BP25%)则分别显示出对金黄色葡萄球菌(MICS.aureus 等于 4.34 µg/mL)和大肠杆菌(MICE.coli 等于 5.70 µg/mL)的最佳抗菌活性。这些混合物比例的预测反应也得到了实验验证。与每种分离蜂产品的单一自由基活性和抗菌效果相比,这些优化配方显示出更高的生物活性,而且分数抑制浓度的测定显示出这些产品之间的协同效应。这项研究强调了优化蜂产品混合物在制药和食品工业以外的实际应用中的重要性。它们的潜力可以扩展到营养保健品、药妆、动物保健、环境可持续发展和先进的生物医学研究领域,为各行各业面临的各种挑战提供整体解决方案。进一步探索这些应用可以为创新和可持续发展开辟新的途径。
{"title":"Phenolic Screening and Mixture Design Optimization for In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Honey, Propolis, and Bee Pollen","authors":"Abderrazak Aboulghazi,&nbsp;Mouhcine Fadil,&nbsp;Soumaya Touzani,&nbsp;Lahbib Hibaoui,&nbsp;Christophe Hano,&nbsp;Badiaa Lyoussi","doi":"10.1155/2024/8246224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8246224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The current study used a design of experiments to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of three Moroccan bee products (honey (H), propolis (P), and bee pollen (BP)) on the free radical inhibition and antibacterial activity against clinical strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The phytochemical contents of these three bee products were first evaluated using HPLC-DAD with 20 identified compounds (9 in both H and P extracts and 13 in BP extract). The P extract had the highest phytochemical content, with high levels of flavanone pinocembrin, flavanol catechin, lignan pinoresinol, and simple phenolics (<i>p</i>-coumaric and gallic acids). Then, the optimized mixtures were determined using an augmented simplex-centroid design. The optimized formulations (H33%:P43%:BP24%) and (H21%:P47%:BP32%) presented the optimal total phenolic content and DPPH-IC<sub>50</sub> with 226.88 mgGAE/g and 10.64 <i>µg</i>/mL, respectively, whereas the formulations (H26%:P52%:BP22%) and (H35%:P40%:BP25%) showed the optimal antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> (MIC<sub><i>S.aureus</i></sub> equal to 4.34 <i>µ</i>g/mL) and <i>E. coli</i> (MIC<sub><i>E.coli</i></sub> equal to 5.70 <i>µ</i>g/mL), respectively. The predicted responses from these mixture proportions were also experimentally validated. Compared to the single free radical activity and antibacterial effect of each isolated bee product, these optimized formulations demonstrated an increased biological activity, and the determination of the fractional inhibitory concentrations revealed a synergistic effect between these products. This study emphasizes the interest in optimized bee product mixtures for practical applications beyond the pharmaceutical and food industries. Their potential can be extended to nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, animal health, environmental sustainability, and advanced biomedical research, offering holistic solutions for diverse challenges across various sectors. Exploring these applications further can unlock new avenues for innovation and sustainable development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8246224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Active Packaging Film Based on Chitosan Containing Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract on Cheese Shelf Life 含迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)提取物的壳聚糖活性包装膜对奶酪保质期的影响
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2108707
Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian, Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, Azin Abdollahi, Fahimeh Ebrahimi Tirtashi, Maryam Zokaei, Neda Fallah, Parisa Izadi NajafAbadi, Fariborz Dolatyari

White cheese is an inseparable part of the Persian breakfast table. However, it has limited shelf life owing to microbial growth and chemical changes. Application of active packaging incorporated with essential oils is an innovative technique to retain quality and extend shelf life of foods. In this study, the effect of chitosan (Ch 1 and 2%) film containing rosemary extract (RE 0.5 and 1%) was studied on the shelf life of white cheese at 4°C for 45 days. The physicochemical evaluation showed that all treated cheeses had higher pH, moisture, and fat content, but acidity and hardness in treated cheeses were lower than the nontreated ones. During storage, pH, moisture, and fat content decreased and acidity and hardness increased. At the end of the storage, the highest acidity (1.79 g lactic acid) and hardness (3.5 N) and the lowest pH (4.1) were observed in the control sample, and the highest moisture (53.92%) and fat (21.84%) content was observed in E2C2 treatment (1% extract + 2% chitosan). The active packaging of cheese caused a significant decrease in the total count of bacteria, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria, mold, and yeast. The population of microorganisms in the control sample increased significantly during storage (p < 0.05). The treated cheeses had acceptable sensory properties. The most effective treatment for maintaining the physicochemical properties and retarding the growth of microorganisms in cheese was the E2C2 sample. Therefore, it can be used in active packaging systems of cheese.

白奶酪是波斯人早餐桌上不可分割的一部分。然而,由于微生物生长和化学变化,它的保质期有限。应用添加精油的活性包装是保持食品质量和延长保质期的一种创新技术。在这项研究中,研究了含有迷迭香提取物(RE 0.5%和 1%)的壳聚糖(Ch 1%和 2%)薄膜对白奶酪在 4°C 下 45 天保质期的影响。理化评估结果表明,所有处理过的奶酪的 pH 值、水分和脂肪含量都较高,但处理过的奶酪的酸度和硬度低于未处理的奶酪。在贮藏过程中,pH 值、水分和脂肪含量下降,酸度和硬度上升。贮藏结束时,对照样品的酸度(1.79 克乳酸)和硬度(3.5 N)最高,pH 值(4.1)最低,E2C2 处理(1% 提取物 + 2% 壳聚糖)的水分(53.92%)和脂肪(21.84%)含量最高。对奶酪进行活性包装后,细菌总数、大肠菌群、乳酸菌、霉菌和酵母菌的数量明显减少。对照样品中的微生物数量在储存期间明显增加(p <0.05)。经过处理的奶酪具有可接受的感官特性。在保持奶酪的理化特性和延缓微生物生长方面,最有效的处理方法是 E2C2 样品。因此,它可用于奶酪的活性包装系统。
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引用次数: 0
Fucoidan Alleviates Colitis and Metabolic Disorder by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier, Suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB Pathways, and Regulating the Gut Microbiota 褐藻糖胶通过保护肠道屏障、抑制 MAPK/NF-κB 通路和调节肠道微生物群缓解结肠炎和代谢紊乱
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7955190
Shuangru Tang, Lu Wang, Xiaomeng Ren, Shuang Song, Chunqing Ai

Scytosiphon lomentaria is widely consumed in China’s coastal regions due to its various beneficial effects, although its exact mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. This study demonstrated that S. lomentaria fucoidan (SLF) alleviated colitis symptoms in mice, as evidenced by a reduction in colonic tissue damage and an increase in colon length and weight gain. Metabolomics analysis indicated that SLF improved abnormal serum metabolites profile associated with colitis, affecting metabolic pathways related to amino acid, lipid, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. SLF alleviated colonic inflammation through inhibiting the activation of MAPK/NF-κB pathways and attenuating oxidative stress. The protective effect of SLF in maintaining the gut barrier integrity is supported by the preservation of goblet cells and glycoproteins and increased expression of ZO-1 and claudin. The underlying mechanism can be associated with the improvement of the gut microbiota, including an increase in microbiota diversity and richness and the levels of beneficial bacteria and metabolites (e.g., Muribaculum, Parabacteroides, and short-chain fatty acids) and a reduction in harmful bacteria. This study implies that SLF holds great potential to be used as a prebiotic agent to enhance human and gut health.

褐藻糖胶(Scytosiphon lomentaria)具有多种有益功效,在中国沿海地区被广泛食用,但其确切机制尚未完全阐明。本研究表明,罗汉果褐藻糖胶(SLF)可减轻小鼠结肠炎症状,具体表现为减少结肠组织损伤、增加结肠长度和体重增加。代谢组学分析表明,SLF改善了结肠炎相关的异常血清代谢物谱,影响了与氨基酸、脂质和三羧酸循环相关的代谢途径。SLF 通过抑制 MAPK/NF-κB 通路的激活和减轻氧化应激,缓解了结肠炎症。SLF在维持肠道屏障完整性方面的保护作用得到了鹅口疮细胞和糖蛋白的保护以及ZO-1和claudin表达量增加的支持。其根本机制可能与肠道微生物群的改善有关,包括微生物群的多样性和丰富性以及有益菌和代谢物(如嗜酸性菌、副乳酸杆菌和短链脂肪酸)水平的提高和有害菌的减少。这项研究表明,SLF 在用作益生元制剂以增强人体和肠道健康方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Microwave Pretreatment of Presoaked Bambara Groundnut Seeds Enhances the Functionality and Phenolics-Related Antioxidant Properties of the Resultant Flour 微波预处理预烘干班巴拉落花生种子可提高面粉的功能性和酚类物质的抗氧化性
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8866089
Anton Venter, Mohammad Naushad Emmambux, Kwaku Gyebi Duodu

This study investigated the effect of microwave pretreatment on cooking time of presoaked Bambara groundnut seeds, functional properties of resultant flours, and their phenolic composition and antioxidant properties. Microwave treatment significantly decreased cooking time and resulted in decreased water solubility index (WSI) (by up to 66%) and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) (up to 81%) of the resultant flours, as well as a decrease in pasting viscosity and enthalpy compared to raw flour. However, the 1200 W treatment resulted in higher pasting viscosity, WSI, and NSI than the 900 W treatment. There were differences in type of flavonoids and phenolic acids between the two types of Bambara groundnut seeds, while microwave treatment caused certain increase and decrease in individual flavonoids, such as catechin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and hesperidin. The flours maintained good radical scavenging antioxidant activity and protected plasmid DNA from oxidative damage. Overall, the study suggests that microwave pretreatment shows potential in alleviating the hard-to-cook Bambara groundnut seeds in producing flour with functional and antioxidant properties.

本研究调查了微波预处理对预浸泡班巴拉落花生种子的蒸煮时间、所得面粉的功能特性及其酚类成分和抗氧化特性的影响。与生面粉相比,微波处理大大缩短了蒸煮时间,并降低了所得面粉的水溶性指数(WSI)(最高达 66%)和氮溶性指数(NSI)(最高达 81%),还降低了糊化粘度和热焓。然而,1200 W 处理的糊化粘度、WSI 和 NSI 均高于 900 W 处理。两种班巴拉落花生种子的黄酮类化合物和酚酸类型存在差异,而微波处理会导致儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和橙皮甙等单个黄酮类化合物的增减。这些面粉保持了良好的自由基清除抗氧化活性,保护质粒 DNA 免受氧化损伤。总之,这项研究表明,微波预处理在减轻班巴拉落花生种子的难熟性、生产具有功能性和抗氧化性的面粉方面具有潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroprotective Effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Spinal Cord Neuron Injury during H2O2-Mediated Oxidative Stress 女贞子对 H2O2 导致的氧化应激脊髓神经元损伤的神经保护作用
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6679695
Junseon Lee, Hyunseong Kim, Wan-Jin Jeon, Changhwan Yeo, Hyun Kim, Jin Young Hong, Seung Ho Baek, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage is a significant factor contributing to spinal cord injury. Although previous research has shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) has neuroprotective benefits in SH-SY5Y, BV2, and PC12 cells, its impact on primary spinal cord neurons, which more accurately reflect the characteristics of central nervous system neurons, remains unexplored. This research investigated how FLL can protect rat primary spinal cord neurons from injury triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative stress. Cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, and mitochondrial superoxide were assessed. Rat primary spinal cord neurons were not adversely affected by concentrations of FLL extract up to 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, FLL extract showed a significant protective effect against H2O2-induced neuronal toxicity at 10–100 μg/mL. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that FLL extract inhibited H2O2-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Immunocytochemistry and gene expression analysis confirmed that FLL extract reduced the overexpression of iNOS induced by H2O2 and enhanced the stimulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, crucial for antioxidant responses. In conclusion, FLL extract demonstrated neuroprotective effects on rat primary spinal cord neurons against the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. FLL extract effectively preserved cell viability, reduced ROS generation, suppressed iNOS overexpression, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. These results highlight the capacity of FLL extract as a neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress-related spinal neuron damage.

氧化应激引起的神经元损伤是导致脊髓损伤的一个重要因素。尽管之前的研究表明枸杞子(FLL)对 SH-SY5Y、BV2 和 PC12 细胞具有神经保护作用,但它对原发性脊髓神经元的影响仍有待探索,而原发性脊髓神经元更准确地反映了中枢神经系统神经元的特征。本研究探讨了 FLL 如何保护大鼠原发性脊髓神经元免受过氧化氢(H2O2)介导的氧化应激损伤。研究评估了细胞活力、活性氧(ROS)的生成、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的上调、Nrf2/HO-1 抗氧化途径的激活以及线粒体超氧化物。大鼠原发性脊髓神经元未受到浓度高达 100 μg/mL 的 FLL 提取物的不利影响。此外,在 10-100 μg/mL 的浓度下,FLL 提取物对 H2O2 诱导的神经元毒性有明显的保护作用。荧光激活细胞分拣分析表明,FLL提取物能以剂量依赖的方式抑制H2O2诱导的ROS生成。免疫细胞化学和基因表达分析证实,FLL提取物降低了H2O2诱导的iNOS过表达,并增强了对抗氧化反应至关重要的Nrf2/HO-1通路的刺激。总之,FLL 提取物对大鼠原发性脊髓神经元具有神经保护作用,可对抗 H2O2 诱导的氧化应激。FLL 提取物能有效保护细胞活力,减少 ROS 生成,抑制 iNOS 过度表达,激活 Nrf2/HO-1 抗氧化途径。这些结果凸显了 FLL 提取物作为一种神经保护剂对抗氧化应激相关脊髓神经元损伤的能力。
{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Spinal Cord Neuron Injury during H2O2-Mediated Oxidative Stress","authors":"Junseon Lee,&nbsp;Hyunseong Kim,&nbsp;Wan-Jin Jeon,&nbsp;Changhwan Yeo,&nbsp;Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Jin Young Hong,&nbsp;Seung Ho Baek,&nbsp;Yoon Jae Lee,&nbsp;In-Hyuk Ha","doi":"10.1155/2024/6679695","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6679695","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage is a significant factor contributing to spinal cord injury. Although previous research has shown that <i>Fructus Ligustri</i> Lucidi (FLL) has neuroprotective benefits in SH-SY5Y, BV2, and PC12 cells, its impact on primary spinal cord neurons, which more accurately reflect the characteristics of central nervous system neurons, remains unexplored. This research investigated how FLL can protect rat primary spinal cord neurons from injury triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)-mediated oxidative stress. Cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, and mitochondrial superoxide were assessed. Rat primary spinal cord neurons were not adversely affected by concentrations of FLL extract up to 100 <i>μ</i>g/mL. Furthermore, FLL extract showed a significant protective effect against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced neuronal toxicity at 10–100 <i>μ</i>g/mL. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that FLL extract inhibited H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Immunocytochemistry and gene expression analysis confirmed that FLL extract reduced the overexpression of iNOS induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and enhanced the stimulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, crucial for antioxidant responses. In conclusion, FLL extract demonstrated neuroprotective effects on rat primary spinal cord neurons against the oxidative stress induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. FLL extract effectively preserved cell viability, reduced ROS generation, suppressed iNOS overexpression, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. These results highlight the capacity of FLL extract as a neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress-related spinal neuron damage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6679695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Inonotus obliquus Ameliorates Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Downregulating TNF-α and Interleukin-6 伊诺诺特草乙醇水提取物通过调节氧化应激、下调 TNF-α 和白细胞介素-6 改善多囊卵巢综合征
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1003797
Jiangsheng Zhang, Ayesha Saeed, Musaddique Hussain, Rida Siddique, Hao Xu, Rizwan Rashid Bazmi, Liaqat Hussain, Guiyuan Lv

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder with multifactorial etiology and complex pathogenesis. These intrinsic physiological changes cause anovulation, infertility, and miscarriage in women and exacerbate their chances of becoming hyperlipidemic and diabetic. Inonotus obliquus has been used traditionally for infertility problems. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Inonotus obliquus (AEIO) in female rats with letrozole-induced PCOS, along with the determination of its possible mechanism. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric, benzoic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, and kaempferol. Thirty female albino rats were acquired and divided into two groups (5 + 25) to induce PCOS. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was used to induce the disease for 7 weeks (25 rats) except for the normal control (5 rats). The disease was confirmed by vaginal smear cytology, weight gain, and endocrinopathy. After disease induction, rats were divided into five groups (five rats in each group; disease control, metformin 20 mg/kg, AEIO 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg). After completion of the study, the animals were euthanized under the influence of anesthesia (chloroform). Ovaries were removed for histopathology, the liver was evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers, and blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. Ovarian histopathology showed an abnormal architecture with cystic follicles and abnormal granulosa cells. Interestingly, treatment with AEIO restored normal ovarian histology with primary, growing, and developing follicles. After conducting a hormonal analysis, it was found that the induction of PCOS led to a significant increase (p  <  0.001) in luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin, and testosterone levels, while the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased. However, treatment with AEIO at doses of 100–500 mg/kg restored these levels to normal. PCOS induction also resulted in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by significantly decreasing antioxidant enzymatic markers (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and increasing levels of lipid peroxidation enzymatic markers (MDA). AEIO restored the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). In conclusion, antioxidant phytochemicals (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric, benzoic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, and kaempferol) rich extract alleviated PCOS symptomatology through modulating oxidative stress markers and eliminating ovarian low-grade inflammation by downregulating the expression of NF-κB associated TNF-α and IL-6.

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种复杂的代谢和内分泌疾病,具有多因素病因和复杂的发病机制。这些内在的生理变化会导致妇女无排卵、不孕和流产,并增加她们患高脂血症和糖尿病的几率。传统上,猪笼草一直被用于治疗不孕症。本研究的目的是调查斜叶猪笼草乙醇水提取物(AEIO)对来曲唑诱导的多囊卵巢综合征雌性大鼠的治疗效果,并确定其可能的机制。高效液相色谱分析发现了没食子酸、绿原酸、芦丁、对香豆素、苯甲酸、槲皮素、水杨酸和山奈酚的存在。获得 30 只雌性白化大鼠,将其分为两组(5 + 25)以诱导多囊卵巢综合征。除正常对照组(5 只)外,其余 25 只大鼠均使用来曲唑(1 毫克/千克)诱导发病,为期 7 周。通过阴道涂片细胞学检查、体重增加和内分泌病变确诊该疾病。疾病诱导后,大鼠被分为五组(每组五只;疾病对照组、二甲双胍 20 毫克/千克组、AEIO 100 毫克/千克组、300 毫克/千克组和 500 毫克/千克组)。研究结束后,动物在麻醉剂(氯仿)的作用下被安乐死。取出卵巢进行组织病理学检查,评估肝脏的氧化应激生物标志物,并收集血液样本进行生化评估。卵巢组织病理学显示,卵巢结构异常,卵泡呈囊状,颗粒细胞异常。有趣的是,使用 AEIO 治疗后,卵巢组织学恢复正常,出现了原发性卵泡、生长卵泡和发育卵泡。在进行激素分析后发现,诱导多囊卵巢综合症会导致黄体生成素(LH)、胰岛素和睾酮水平显著上升(p < 0.001),而促卵泡激素(FSH)水平下降。然而,100-500 毫克/千克剂量的 AEIO 治疗可使这些水平恢复正常。多囊卵巢综合征诱导也会导致氧化应激和脂质过氧化反应,抗氧化酶标记物(SOD、CAT和GSH)显著降低,脂质过氧化酶标记物(MDA)水平升高。AEIO 恢复了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平,降低了丙二醛(MDA)的水平。总之,富含抗氧化植物化学物质(没食子酸、绿原酸、芦丁、对香豆素、苯甲酸、槲皮素、水杨酸和山奈酚)的萃取物通过调节氧化应激标记物,并通过下调与 NF-κB 相关的 TNF-α 和 IL-6 的表达来消除卵巢低度炎症,从而缓解了多囊卵巢综合症的症状。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Sustainable Vegan Pea Protein-Zinc Complex: Characterization, In Vitro Cellular Mineral Uptake, and Application in Functional Biscuit Production 开发可持续素食豌豆蛋白锌复合物:表征、体外细胞矿物质吸收及在功能性饼干生产中的应用
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5520236
Aprjita Jindal, Nikhil Dnyaneshwar Patil, Aarti Bains, Minaxi Sharma, Anil Kumar, Nemat Ali, Prince Chawla, Kandi Sridhar

This study aimed to investigate the potential of pea protein concentrate (PPC) to form protein-mineral composites, with a specific focus on its zinc- (Zn-) binding capabilities. In addition, the physical and functional properties of PPC were evaluated. PPC, a potential protein source, was found to possess lipophilic properties, suggesting its suitability for various applications in food production. The investigation involved a comprehensive characterization of pea protein concentrate-zinc complex (PPC-Zn) composites, utilizing various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis. The findings of this study indicated that the protein content of PPC-Zn (79.02 ± 1.33%) insignificantly increased as compared to PPC (78.86 ± 1.16%). Furthermore, PPC demonstrated improved functional properties, including increased protein solubility (2.55%), enhanced water-holding (13.09%) and oil-holding capacity (11.17%), and improved foaming capacity and stability (2.08% and 6.07%, respectively). These improvements in functional properties were likely attributed to the unique surface structure observed in SEM micrographs. The research also highlighted the maximum binding capacity of PPC for zinc, which was observed at concentrations of 5 mM (95.35 ± 1.86%). This binding of zinc ions to PPC induced changes in the characteristics and internal structures of the protein concentrate. Notably, the presence of functional groups such as -COOH, -OH, and –NH2 in PPC suggested their involvement in coordinating with zinc ions to form PPC-Zn composites. This investigation demonstrated a significant increase (2.26%) in the mineral bioavailability of PPC-Zn. Additionally, the cellular uptake, retention, and transport of PPC-Zn were improved by 9.79%, 7.84%, and 9.51%, respectively. Fortified biscuits (B2) demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake (2.79%), retention (4.84%), and transport (3.51%) compared with control biscuits. Fortified biscuits (B2) had higher microbial counts (total plate count is 3.57 ± 0.03 and the yeast-mold count is 3.96 ± 0.07 cfu/g) than control biscuits (B1) (total plate count is 2.49 ± 0.13 and the yeast-mold count is 3.44 ± 0.11 cfu/g) at the end of storage, and there is no difference in sensory evaluation between the control and fortified biscuits. Furthermore, the key findings indicated that PPC could serve as a promising carrier for mineral supplements, binding with zinc effectively.

本研究旨在调查豌豆蛋白浓缩物(PPC)形成蛋白质-矿物质复合材料的潜力,特别关注其锌(Zn)结合能力。此外,还评估了 PPC 的物理和功能特性。研究发现,PPC 作为一种潜在的蛋白质来源,具有亲脂性,这表明它适用于食品生产中的各种应用。这项研究利用各种分析技术,如傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、粒度分析、ZETA电位测量和热重分析,对豌豆蛋白浓缩物-锌复合材料(PPC-Zn)进行了综合表征。研究结果表明,与 PPC(78.86 ± 1.16%)相比,PPC-Zn(79.02 ± 1.33%)的蛋白质含量显著增加。此外,PPC 的功能特性也有所改善,包括蛋白质溶解度提高(2.55%)、持水性(13.09%)和持油性(11.17%)增强、发泡能力和稳定性提高(分别为 2.08% 和 6.07%)。这些功能特性的改善可能归功于 SEM 显微照片中观察到的独特表面结构。研究还强调了 PPC 与锌的最大结合能力,在浓度为 5 mM 时观察到(95.35 ± 1.86%)。锌离子与 PPC 的结合导致浓缩蛋白的特性和内部结构发生变化。值得注意的是,PPC 中存在的 -COOH、-OH 和 -NH2 等官能团表明,它们参与了与锌离子的配位,形成了 PPC-Zn 复合材料。这项研究表明,PPC-锌的矿物质生物利用率大幅提高(2.26%)。此外,PPC-锌的细胞吸收、保留和运输分别提高了 9.79%、7.84% 和 9.51%。与对照饼干相比,强化饼干(B2)的细胞吸收率(2.79%)、保留率(4.84%)和转运率(3.51%)均有所提高。在贮藏结束时,强化饼干(B2)的微生物计数(菌落总数为 3.57 ± 0.03,酵母霉菌计数为 3.96 ± 0.07 cfu/g)高于对照饼干(B1)(菌落总数为 2.49 ± 0.13,酵母霉菌计数为 3.44 ± 0.11 cfu/g),而对照饼干和强化饼干的感官评价没有差异。此外,主要研究结果表明,PPC 可作为矿物质补充剂的载体,与锌有效结合。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Food Biochemistry
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