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High-density nodal diaphragms in stems slow down, but do not obstruct, longitudinal oxygen diffusion during partial submergence. 在部分浸没时,茎中高密度的节膜减慢但不阻碍纵向氧扩散。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf468
Qiaoli Ayi, Xiaoping Zhang, Ole Pedersen, Peter M van Bodegom, Feixue Xia, Qian Wang, Binghui He, Bo Zeng, Johannes H C Cornelissen

The species Alternanthera philoxeroides is a flood-tolerant plant that has to cope with the hypoxic stress under submergence. However, the pith cavity in stems of this species is interrupted and partitioned by low-porosity diaphragms at the nodes. To date little knowledge is available about whether discontinuous pith cavities are functional for internal gas transport in plants. To disclose the role of stem discontinuous pith cavities in internal gas transport, the diffusive transport capacity of O2, the tissue O2 status of intact plants, and the influence of restricting longitudinal O2 supply on whole-plant growth during partial submergence were assessed. We found that stem pith cavities were the main pathway for diffusional supply of molecular O2; blocking only one internode significantly decreased the O2 flux to lower internodes, and the reduced O2 flux translated into reduced growth in partially submerged plants. A major output component of the study is a model that uses normalized tissue dimensions and concentration gradients to establish a fair foundation for comparison of contrasting species under different experimental conditions. We therefore predict that future studies will use this approach to further broaden the scope and value of resistance and flux measurement in target species.

水旱互生植物是一种耐水植物,能够适应水下的缺氧胁迫。然而,本种茎的髓腔被节上的低孔隙度节隔膜打断和分隔。到目前为止,关于不连续的髓腔是否在植物内部气体输送中起作用的知识还很少。为了揭示茎不连续髓腔在植物内部气体输送中的作用,本研究评估了部分淹水条件下植物对O2的扩散输送能力、完整植物组织中O2的状态以及限制纵向O2供应对植物整体生长的影响。我们发现茎髓腔是分子O2扩散供应的主要途径,仅阻断一个节间就会显著降低向下节间输送的O2通量,部分浸没植物的O2通量减少导致生长下降。该研究的主要输出部分是一个模型,该模型使用归一化的组织尺寸和浓度梯度,为不同实验条件下对比物种的比较建立公平的基础。因此,我们预测未来的研究将使用这种方法进一步扩大目标物种的电阻和通量测量的范围和价值。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging-based genome-wide association study identifies Medicago GOLVEN10 as a regulator of root angle traits and reveals antagonism by ethylene in root tortuosity. 基于图像的GWAS鉴定了紫花苜蓿GOLVEN10是根角性状的调节剂,揭示了乙烯对根弯曲的拮抗作用。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf488
Rajni Parmar, Manoj Kumar Reddy Allam, Fuqi Liao, Shulan Zhang, Divya Jain, Shivani Dharam, Ivone Torres-Jerez, Hee-Kyung Lee, Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible, Michael Udvardi, Sonali Roy

Root system architecture affects water and mineral uptake and is important for plant adaptation to fluctuating nutrient availability. Small signaling peptides and their receptors influence root traits associated with macronutrient uptake. In this study, genome-wide association analyses were performed using 2D images of agar plate-grown Medicago truncatula accessions to understand the impact of GOLVEN10 peptide (GLV10) treatment on three root traits: root tortuosity, lateral root (LR) branch angle, and the gravity setpoint angle (GSA). Upon GLV10 treatment, roots of wild-type M. truncatula Jemalong A17 and R108 accessions showed increased primary root coiling (or tortuosity), increased LR branch angle, and reduced GSA. We identified 88 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these traits in GLV10-treated plants, distinct from the 163 SNPs in untreated plants. Importantly, the ethylene regulatory pathway was implicated in root tortuosity and LR emergence relative to the primary root. Application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid reduced root sensitivity to GLV10, while the ethylene signaling mutant sickle was hypersensitive, indicating that GLV10 and ethylene pathways act antagonistically to control root tortuosity. These findings have implications for root gravitropic responses, and the ability of roots to penetrate deeper soil layers for nutrients and water.

根系结构影响水分和矿物质的吸收,对植物适应波动的养分有效性很重要。已知几种小信号肽及其同源受体影响与宏量营养素摄取相关的根生理和形态特征。本研究利用琼脂平板培养的短根紫花苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)材料的二维图像进行全基因组关联研究,以了解GOLVEN10肽(GLV10)处理对根弯曲度、侧根分枝角和重力设值角三个重要根系性状的影响。在GLV10处理下,野生型截尾松A17和R108根系呈现出主根卷曲度增加(即扭曲度)、左支角增加、重力定点角减小的趋势。使用多样性小组鉴定了与GLV10施用后的三个性状相关的88个独特的显著单核苷酸多态性,这些多态性与未施用GLV10的163个snp不同。重要的是,乙烯调控途径与根弯曲和相对于主根的侧根萌发有关。乙烯前体ACC的施用降低了根对GLV10的敏感性,而乙烯信号突变体镰刀对其敏感,表明GLV10信号通路和乙烯调节通路拮抗控制根扭曲。这些发现对于根系对重力的响应,以及根系穿透下层土壤寻找养分和水分的能力具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Scaling the plant hydraulic system: from xylem networks to whole-plant integration. 扩展植物液压系统:从木质部网络到整个植物集成。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf532
Nikolas Souza Mateus, Kathy Steppe, Penny Tricker
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引用次数: 0
Layered stomatal immunity contributes to resistance of Vitis riparia against downy mildew Plasmopara viticola. 层状气孔免疫对葡萄抗霜霉病的影响。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf491
Wei Ji, Wei Zheng, Huifei Yin, JunJie Mei, Xiaoyu Liu, Naomi Abe-Kanoh, Mohammad Saidur Rhaman, Guochen Qin, Wenxiu Ye

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most serious grapevine diseases. Resistant grapevines are a well-known tool for mitigating pathogen-caused damage. We evaluated 29 global grapevine cultivars from seven species for sensitivity to P. viticola. Chardonnay, belonging to the sensitive species Vitis vinifera, and Qingdahean, belonging to the well-known resistant species V. riparia, were chosen for further investigation into the resistance mechanism against downy mildew. Unlike Chardonnay, Qingdahean exerted an inhibitory effect on stomatal targeting, suppression of stomatal closure, stomatal penetration of P. viticola, and the development of primary hyphae and haustoria during the early phase of infection, and contained higher levels of malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde was significantly increased by P. viticola infection, was toxic to the pathogen, and had an interfering effect on stomatal targeting. Furthermore, Qingdahean resisted pathogen invasion through the rapid induction of guard cell death and hypersensitive responses of other cell types. These findings suggest that resistance to P. viticola in V. riparia consists of layered stomatal immunity in addition to the well-known hypersensitive response, which is overcome by the pathogen in V. vinifera.

由葡萄浆原菌引起的霜霉病是葡萄最严重的病害之一。抗葡萄是减轻病原体造成的损害的一种众所周知的工具。我们评估了来自7个品种的29个葡萄品种对葡萄霉的敏感性。选择敏感种葡萄球菌(V. vinifera)霞多丽和知名抗性种riparia葡萄球菌(V. riparia)青大天对DM的抗性机制进行进一步研究。与霞多丽不同,青大天在感染早期对葡萄球菌的气孔靶向、气孔关闭、气孔渗透、初级菌丝和吸器发育均有抑制作用。且含有较高的丙二醛(MDA),对病原菌有毒性,对气孔靶向有干扰作用。此外,青大天还通过快速诱导保护性细胞死亡和其他类型细胞的超敏反应(hypersensitive responses, HR)来抵抗病原体的入侵。这些结果表明,除了众所周知的气孔免疫外,河岸葡萄球菌对白斑病菌的抗性还包括层状气孔免疫,这种免疫被葡萄球菌克服。
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引用次数: 0
H3K27me3 epigenetic mark crucial for Arabidopsis callus cellular identity and regeneration capacity. H3K27me3表观遗传标记对拟南芥愈伤组织细胞特性和再生能力至关重要。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf449
Tali Mandel, Udi Landau, Tommy Kaplan, Avichay Smadga, Yotam Cohen, Isaac Elharar, Leor Eshed Williams

Plant callus cells possess a great capacity to regenerate organs or even whole plants. The mechanisms by which these cells maintain a proliferative state while retaining their pluripotent identity are poorly understood. By taking a multi-omics approach integrating epigenetic regulation (via chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing) with transcriptional output, we identify two complementary strategies that support callus cell pluripotency. First, callus cells prevent differentiation by promoting proliferation through activating cell cycle genes, and concurrently repress differentiation-promoting factors via H3K27me3. Second, callus cells exhibit a unique transcriptional profile enriched in diverse developmental regulators, thereby maintaining a primed pluripotent state that enables a rapid regenerative response. This strategy relies on a mechanism to silence the pluripotency network in response to regenerative stimuli, allowing a single developmental pathway to predominate. To test whether the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates H3K27me3 silencing, is essential for maintaining callus identity and regenerative capacity, we analyzed the transcriptional state of Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and PRC2 mutant emf2 calli. In emf2 mutants, many differentiation-associated transcription factors were up-regulated, and regenerative capacity was severely impaired. Our findings provide new insight into how pluripotency is regulated. We propose a novel model in which PRC2 governs callus identity and regenerative potential.

植物愈伤组织细胞具有很大的再生器官甚至整株植物的能力。这些细胞在保持其多能性的同时保持增殖状态的机制尚不清楚。通过采用多组学方法整合表观遗传调控(通过染色质免疫沉淀和测序)与转录输出,我们确定了支持愈伤组织细胞多能性的两种互补策略。首先,愈伤组织细胞通过激活细胞周期基因促进增殖来阻止分化,同时通过H3K27me3抑制分化促进因子。其次,愈伤组织细胞表现出独特的转录谱,丰富了不同的发育调节因子,从而保持了一种启动的多能状态,从而实现了快速的再生反应。这种策略依赖于一种机制来沉默多能性网络以响应再生刺激,从而使单一的发育途径占主导地位。为了验证介导H3K27me3沉默的Polycomb suppressicomplex 2 (PRC2)是否对维持愈伤组织的身份和再生能力至关重要,我们分析了拟南芥野生型和PRC2突变体emf2愈伤组织的转录状态。在emf2突变体中,许多与分化相关的转录因子上调,再生能力严重受损。我们的发现为多能性是如何被调控提供了新的见解。我们提出了一个新的模型,其中PRC2控制愈伤组织的身份和再生潜力。
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引用次数: 0
An ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE interacts with ABA and is required for ABA-dependent stomata closing. ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE与ABA相互作用,是ABA依赖性气孔关闭所必需的。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag072
Jia Yu, Jinwen Zhang, Anna Kozakiewicz-Piekarz, Mateusz Kwiatkowski, Xiayu Jiang, Hongjin Chen, Yizhou She, Wei Chi, Chuyun Bi, Samuel Ken-En Gan, Krzysztof Jaworski, Chris Gehring, Aloysius Wong

Abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone that affects key biological processes, is best known for causing stomata closure to protect plants against environmental stresses. The prevailing mechanism for ABA perception is through the PYL/PYR/RCAR family of proteins but reports of other ABA-interacting proteins such as the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel (GORK), have encouraged the search for more ABA-sensitive proteins. Here, we identified a similar ABA-interacting site as GORK, in an Arabidopsis thaliana ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE (ASA2). We found that asa2 mutant plants have obvious aberration in ABA-dependent stomata closing. Leaf transcriptomics revealed significantly fewer ABA-induced DEGs in asa2-1 as compared to Col-0. ABA- and other hormone-related terms were also under-represented, indicating an overall reduced genomic sensitivity to ABA. Computational analysis hinted plausible ABA interaction at the predicted site and both indirect and direct in vitro interaction studies showed that ASA2 could interact with ABA in a specific and ligand dependent manner. Importantly, single amino acid substitutions at the ABA site resulted in various degrees of reduced ABA affinities. Further examination of how ABA interaction affects the enzymatic activity of ASA2 and the flow of information in the chloroplast could reveal molecular targets for agrochemical design that will improve plant resilience.

脱落酸(ABA)是一种影响关键生物过程的植物激素,最广为人知的是引起气孔关闭以保护植物免受环境胁迫。ABA感知的主要机制是通过PYL/PYR/RCAR蛋白家族,但其他ABA相互作用蛋白(如保护细胞外向纠偏K+通道(GORK))的报道鼓励了对更多ABA敏感蛋白的研究。在这里,我们在拟南芥anthrilate SYNTHASE (ASA2)中发现了一个类似于GORK的aba相互作用位点。我们发现asa2突变株在aba依赖性气孔关闭方面存在明显的畸变。叶片转录组学显示,与Col-0相比,asa2-1中aba诱导的DEGs显著减少。ABA-和其他激素相关的术语也未被充分代表,表明总体上基因组对ABA的敏感性降低。计算分析提示ABA在预测位点可能发生相互作用,间接和直接的体外相互作用研究表明,ASA2可以以特异性和配体依赖的方式与ABA相互作用。重要的是,ABA位点的单氨基酸取代导致不同程度的ABA亲和性降低。进一步研究ABA相互作用如何影响ASA2的酶活性和叶绿体中的信息流,可以揭示农化设计的分子靶标,从而提高植物的抗逆性。
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引用次数: 0
1-COSTA: a database for spatial transcriptome atlas of cotton 1-DPA ovule. 1-COSTA:棉花1-DPA胚珠空间转录组图谱数据库。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag071
Shengjun Zhao, Yiling Pan, Luyao Wang, Hongyu Wu, Li Yu, Shouli Feng, Ting Zhao, Xueying Guan

Cotton fiber derived from the ovule epidermis provides a natural source for the textile industry. Transcriptional features of the ovule epidermis contribute critical signals and guide fiber development. This study applied 10× Genomics Visium spatial transcriptome platform to cotton ovules at one day post-anthesis, generating high-resolution, tissue-specific gene expression profiles during early ovule development. Following data normalization, dimensionality reduction, and clustering with Seurat, ovule cross-sections were segmented into seven distinct tissue groups based on anatomical features: nucellus/embryo sac, inner integument micropylar end, inner integument chalaza, outer integument chalazal end, outer integument chalaza, outer integument micropylar end, and funicle. These clusters reveal unique transcriptional signatures that closely correspond with the developmental functions of each tissue region. The cotton fiber condensation region on outer integument chalazal end is characterized by primary cell biosynthesis while the outer integument micropylar end is enriched with lipid transportation associated with fiber yield. The resulting 1-DPA cotton ovule spatial transcriptome atlas (1-COSTA) captures key gene expression patterns linked to fiber and lint yield regulation. To facilitate data exploration, the 1-COSTA database was established with a user-friendly web interface built on R Shiny Server, enabling researchers to access core Seurat visualization and analysis tools including 3D expression visualization of genes in a code-free manner. This resource offers an invaluable reference for understanding spatial gene regulation in cotton fiber development and seed yield.

从胚珠表皮提取的棉纤维为纺织工业提供了天然原料。胚珠表皮的转录特征提供关键信号并指导纤维发育。本研究将10x Genomics Visium空间转录组平台应用于开花后一天的棉花胚珠,获得了胚珠早期发育过程中高分辨率、组织特异性的基因表达谱。通过数据归一化、降维和Seurat聚类,根据解剖特征将胚珠截面划分为7个不同的组织群:珠心/胚囊、内被珠孔端、内被珠合带、外被珠合带、外被珠合带、外被珠孔端和珠柄。这些簇揭示了与每个组织区域的发育功能密切相关的独特转录特征。外被合点端棉纤维凝聚区以原代细胞生物合成为特征,而外被微孔端则富含与纤维产量相关的脂质运输。由此产生的1-DPA棉花胚珠空间转录组图谱(1-COSTA)捕获了与纤维和皮棉产量调控相关的关键基因表达模式。为了方便数据探索,1-COSTA数据库建立了一个基于R Shiny Server的用户友好的web界面,使研究人员能够以无代码的方式访问核心的Seurat可视化和分析工具,包括基因的3D表达可视化。该资源为了解棉花纤维发育和种子产量的空间基因调控提供了宝贵的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Persistent and Transient QTLs Underlying Growth Trajectory of Plant Height in Sorghum. 高粱株高生长轨迹下的持续和瞬态qtl
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag062
Boris M E Alladassi, Qi Mu, Jialu Wei, Fernando E Miguez, Kevin Price, Xianran Li, Jianming Yu

Genetics studies based on end-of-season measurements focus only on the outcome of a complex and dynamic process. Uncovering the genetic basis underlying the temporal dynamics of plant height will enhance our understanding of the genotype-to-phenotype relationship. Here, we conducted functional mapping to investigate the temporal dynamics of plant height using the time-series data extracted from UAV-based RGB imagery from two sorghum populations. Significant correlations were found between the UAV-derived measurements and manual measurements. We modeled the growth trajectory using a logistic function. Among QTLs identified by mapping with the growth curve parameters as derived traits, several were co-localized with known genes controlling plant height. To further visualize the temporal patterns of genetic effects, we used the logistic function to estimate each genotype's height at a five-day interval. Genome scans of the model-estimated heights detected QTLs with dynamic effect changes across development. Persistent QTLs, co-localizing with Dw1, Dw2, Dw3, and qHT7.1, were detectable starting from 40 days after planting, whereas several transient QTLs were only detectable within specific shorter periods or at some growing seasons. These findings enabled us to generate a conceptual figure to depict six potential dynamic patterns of persistent and transient QTLs underlying growth trajectories.

基于季末测量的遗传学研究只关注复杂和动态过程的结果。揭示植物高度时间动态的遗传基础将增强我们对基因型-表型关系的理解。利用无人机RGB影像提取的时间序列数据,对2个高粱居群的植株高度进行了功能映射,研究了植株高度的时间动态。在无人机衍生的测量和人工测量之间发现了显著的相关性。我们使用逻辑函数对增长轨迹进行建模。在以生长曲线参数作为衍生性状进行定位的qtl中,有几个与已知的控制株高的基因共定位。为了进一步可视化遗传效应的时间模式,我们使用逻辑函数估计每个基因型的高度在5天的间隔。模型估计身高的基因组扫描检测到qtl在整个发育过程中具有动态效应变化。与Dw1、Dw2、Dw3和qHT7.1共定位的持久性qtl在种植后40天开始被检测到,而一些瞬时qtl仅在特定的较短时间或某些生长季节被检测到。这些发现使我们能够生成一个概念图来描述潜在生长轨迹下的持续和短暂qtl的六种潜在动态模式。
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引用次数: 0
Deciphering underexplored rhizosphere processes: citric acid root acquisition and metabolic journey. 解读未被探索的根际过程:柠檬酸根获取和代谢之旅。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag066
Raphael Tiziani, Fabio Trevisan, Ondrej Hodek, Sandra Jämtgård, Thomas Moritz, Oussama Bouaicha, Mirriam C Chibesa, Ilaria Fracasso, Tanja Mimmo

Root-exuded organic acids are crucial in mitigating iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies. Their biosynthesis and secretion require significant metabolic investment. Recent studies have shown that roots can also uptake exudates. We hypothesized that citric acid uptake increases under Fe and P deficiencies, declines over time, and contributes to primary metabolism. We investigated citric acid uptake, translocation, and metabolization in Fe- and P-deficient in hydroponically-grown tomato plants. We applied 13C-labeled citric acid analysed through bulk stable isotope and compound-specific stable isotope analysis. Physiological parameters, root morphology, and elemental composition were also assessed. Deficient plants showed reduced P and Fe content, reduced photosynthesis, altered root morphology and an altered citric acid uptake, which could not be attributed to morphological differences. Iron deficiency reduced citric acid uptake, indicating its role in rhizospheric Fe mobilization, while P deficiency increased the uptake emphasizing resource use efficiency. Unexpectedly, citric acid uptake increased with plant development. In Fe deficiency, citric acid-derived carbon is allocated to secondary metabolites, while in P deficiency, it supports the TCA and GS-GOGAT cycles. This study is the first to demonstrate citric acid uptake as a multifunctional process, underscoring its critical role in plant responses to nutrient starvation, especially under P deficiency.

根部渗出的有机酸对减轻铁(Fe)和磷(P)缺乏至关重要。它们的生物合成和分泌需要大量的代谢投入。最近的研究表明,根系也可以吸收渗出物。我们假设在铁和磷缺乏的情况下,柠檬酸的摄取增加,随着时间的推移而下降,并有助于初级代谢。我们研究了水培番茄缺铁缺磷植株中柠檬酸的吸收、转运和代谢。我们采用13c标记柠檬酸,通过整体稳定同位素和化合物特异性稳定同位素分析进行分析。生理参数、根形态和元素组成也进行了评估。缺磷植株表现为磷、铁含量降低、光合作用减弱、根系形态改变和柠檬酸吸收改变,这些变化与形态差异无关。缺铁降低了柠檬酸的吸收,表明其在根际铁动员中起作用,而缺磷增加了柠檬酸的吸收,强调资源利用效率。出乎意料的是,柠檬酸吸收量随着植物发育而增加。在缺铁时,柠檬酸衍生的碳被分配给次级代谢物,而在缺磷时,它支持TCA和GS-GOGAT循环。这项研究首次证明了柠檬酸的吸收是一个多功能的过程,强调了它在植物对营养饥饿的反应中的关键作用,特别是在缺磷的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
Farnesol and Geranylgeraniol in Plant Reproduction: Insights from Arabidopsis and Beyond. 法尼醇和香叶醇在植物繁殖中的作用:来自拟南芥及其他植物的见解。
IF 5.7 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag069
Małgorzata Gutkowska, Ewa Swiezewska, Joanna Rojek

Isoprenoids (also called terpenoids) are a large group of natural chemical compounds. Some isoprenoids are specialized metabolites that give smell and taste to plants and provide protection against herbivores and pathogens. Production of these particular substances is specific to certain species and plant families and hence is classified as secondary metabolism. In addition, numerous isoprenoids perform essential cellular functions for example chloroplast isoprenoids give rise to photosynthetic pigments, electron transporters, and membrane modifiers in the thylakoid membrane to adjust the correct level of photosynthetic performance and prevent oxidative damage in the chloroplasts. Similarly, some cytoplasmic isoprenoids serve a key role in the primary cell metabolism of all eukaryotic cells, forming membrane microdomains (sterols), serving as lipid anchors for prenylated proteins (geranylgeranyl and farnesyl groups), and co-factors of protein glycosylation (dolichols). The non-steroid isoprenoids (prenyl groups of proteins and ubiquinone, dolichols) and their role in the plants are far less described than sterols. In this review, we present a summary of the knowledge on protein prenylation but also farnesol and geranylgeraniol turnover in cytoplasm in the context of membrane structure, biochemistry, plant physiology, and development in Arabidopsis model plant and other species.

类异戊二烯(又称萜类)是一大类天然化合物。一些类异戊二烯是一种特殊的代谢物,赋予植物气味和味道,并保护植物免受食草动物和病原体的侵害。这些特殊物质的产生是某些物种和植物科所特有的,因此被归类为次级代谢。此外,许多类异戊二烯具有重要的细胞功能,如叶绿体中的类异戊二烯产生光合色素、电子转运体和类囊体膜中的膜修饰剂,以调节光合作用的正确水平,防止叶绿体中的氧化损伤。类似地,一些细胞质类异戊二烯在所有真核细胞的初级细胞代谢中起关键作用,形成膜微结构域(甾醇),作为烯酰化蛋白(香叶基和法尼基)的脂质锚点,以及蛋白质糖基化的辅助因子(醇基)。非类固醇类异戊二烯(蛋白质和泛醌的烯丙基)及其在植物中的作用远远少于固醇。本文综述了拟南芥模式植物和其他物种在膜结构、生物化学、植物生理和发育等方面对蛋白质戊烯酰化以及法尼醇和香叶醇在细胞质中的转化的研究进展。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Experimental Botany
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