Udder and teat conformations and measurements play a vital role in milk productivity and mastitis resistance in dairy buffaloes. The study was conducted on apparently healthy 24 Murrah buffaloes running on different parities selected from 3 different farms in the Chitwan district of Nepal to find the relation between phenotypic characteristics of udder and milk yield. The shapes of the teat and udder were evaluated by a visual appraisal that revealed 42.7% funnel, 26% bottle, 16.7% cylindrical, 14.6% conical-shaped teats, and 37.5% round, 33.3% bowl, and 16.7% goaty, and 12.5% stepped shaped udders. The average length, width, and depth of the udder were determined as 54.50±0.92 cm, 19.33±0.46 cm, and 27.50±1.10 cm, respectively, while the respective length and diameter of the teat were 8.46±0.17 cm and 3.59±0.07 cm. Within udder quarters, teat length was significantly different (p < 0.05) though the diameter was non-significant. However, the teat length and teat diameter differed along the teat and udder shapes showing the highest measures at bottle-shaped teats and goaty-shaped udder. The average milk yield/day recorded was 5.90±0.36 kg per buffalo. Higher milk yield was observed in the round-shaped udder and conical-shaped teat. The correlation of udder width (r= 0.237, p<0.05) and teat length (r= 0.222, p<0.05) was observed significantly positive but that of teat to floor distance (r= -0.232, p<0.05) was negative with milk yield. Hence, the selection of Murrah buffaloes for milk production traits should consider the dimensions of the teat and udder.
{"title":"Relationship between udder and teat conformations and morphometrics with milk yield in Murrah buffaloes","authors":"S. Poudel, D. Chetri, R. Sah, M. Jamarkatel","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48467","url":null,"abstract":"Udder and teat conformations and measurements play a vital role in milk productivity and mastitis resistance in dairy buffaloes. The study was conducted on apparently healthy 24 Murrah buffaloes running on different parities selected from 3 different farms in the Chitwan district of Nepal to find the relation between phenotypic characteristics of udder and milk yield. The shapes of the teat and udder were evaluated by a visual appraisal that revealed 42.7% funnel, 26% bottle, 16.7% cylindrical, 14.6% conical-shaped teats, and 37.5% round, 33.3% bowl, and 16.7% goaty, and 12.5% stepped shaped udders. The average length, width, and depth of the udder were determined as 54.50±0.92 cm, 19.33±0.46 cm, and 27.50±1.10 cm, respectively, while the respective length and diameter of the teat were 8.46±0.17 cm and 3.59±0.07 cm. Within udder quarters, teat length was significantly different (p < 0.05) though the diameter was non-significant. However, the teat length and teat diameter differed along the teat and udder shapes showing the highest measures at bottle-shaped teats and goaty-shaped udder. The average milk yield/day recorded was 5.90±0.36 kg per buffalo. Higher milk yield was observed in the round-shaped udder and conical-shaped teat. The correlation of udder width (r= 0.237, p<0.05) and teat length (r= 0.222, p<0.05) was observed significantly positive but that of teat to floor distance (r= -0.232, p<0.05) was negative with milk yield. Hence, the selection of Murrah buffaloes for milk production traits should consider the dimensions of the teat and udder.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84630205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ageratum houstonianum Mill (A. houstonianum) is a widespread, highly invasive, and drought-resistant annual semi-shrub easily found in the pasture fields. It is called Gandhey Jhar locally. This study was conducted at the livestock farm of Rampur Campus, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, to determine the clinical progression and clinical parameters in A. houstonianum intoxicated goats to diagnose its toxicosis in small ruminants. Full blossomed A. houstonianum was fed ad libitum to six goats until the death of the animals. The time to develop the clinical signs and symptoms in goats ranged from 22 to 49 days. All the goats exhibited similar symptoms and signs such as stiffness of the neck, low temperature, respiratory distress, low pulse, anorexia, ruminal atony, general weakness, and finally, recumbency till death. After the onset of clinical symptoms, the entire clinical course persisted for 10-15 hours, followed by death. Two goats died on the 22nd day, and the rest goats died on 27th, 46th, 48th, and 49th days respectively. Hematologic examination revealed a significant decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in total WBC count. The serum biochemical values showed substantial alterations in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations. These biochemical changes suggested hepatic and renal dysfunction. Therefore, clinical signs, hematology, and serum biochemistry can be of optimal diagnostic value for the A. houstonianum intoxication in goats.
{"title":"Clinical evaluation of Ageratum houstonianum Mill intoxicated goats","authors":"R. Bhatta, P. Sharma, P. Pal","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48475","url":null,"abstract":"Ageratum houstonianum Mill (A. houstonianum) is a widespread, highly invasive, and drought-resistant annual semi-shrub easily found in the pasture fields. It is called Gandhey Jhar locally. This study was conducted at the livestock farm of Rampur Campus, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, to determine the clinical progression and clinical parameters in A. houstonianum intoxicated goats to diagnose its toxicosis in small ruminants. Full blossomed A. houstonianum was fed ad libitum to six goats until the death of the animals. The time to develop the clinical signs and symptoms in goats ranged from 22 to 49 days. All the goats exhibited similar symptoms and signs such as stiffness of the neck, low temperature, respiratory distress, low pulse, anorexia, ruminal atony, general weakness, and finally, recumbency till death. After the onset of clinical symptoms, the entire clinical course persisted for 10-15 hours, followed by death. Two goats died on the 22nd day, and the rest goats died on 27th, 46th, 48th, and 49th days respectively. Hematologic examination revealed a significant decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in total WBC count. The serum biochemical values showed substantial alterations in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations. These biochemical changes suggested hepatic and renal dysfunction. Therefore, clinical signs, hematology, and serum biochemistry can be of optimal diagnostic value for the A. houstonianum intoxication in goats.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86705582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted from January to June 2021 in the farmer’s field at Shankharapur-7, Sankhu, Kathmandu, Nepal to assess the effectiveness of the foliar application of different nutrients for potato production. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments, T1: zinc at 560 ppm, T2: magnesium at 0.4 %, T3: boron at 100 ppm, T4: calcium at 0.8 %, T5: copper at 1 %, and T6: control and were replicated four times. The chemicals were sprayed 30 and 40 days after planting until runoff. The highest tuber yield was obtained with the application of calcium at 0.8 % (38.57 Mtha-1) while the lowest marketable tuber yield was obtained with copper at 1 %. The highest calcium and zinc content in potato tuber was observed with the application of calcium at 0.8 % and zinc at 560 ppm respectively. Likewise, the application of zinc increased the protein percentage in tuber by 23 % compared to the control. Thus, it can be concluded that the foliar application of calcium at 0.8 % is the most economical resulting in the highest plant growth, yield, and producing the best quality potatoes under the climatic condition of Sankhu, Nepal.
{"title":"Effect of foliar application of different nutrients on growth, yield, and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Sankhu, Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"A. Duwadi, A. Shrestha, D. P. Pudasainy","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48443","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted from January to June 2021 in the farmer’s field at Shankharapur-7, Sankhu, Kathmandu, Nepal to assess the effectiveness of the foliar application of different nutrients for potato production. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments, T1: zinc at 560 ppm, T2: magnesium at 0.4 %, T3: boron at 100 ppm, T4: calcium at 0.8 %, T5: copper at 1 %, and T6: control and were replicated four times. The chemicals were sprayed 30 and 40 days after planting until runoff. The highest tuber yield was obtained with the application of calcium at 0.8 % (38.57 Mtha-1) while the lowest marketable tuber yield was obtained with copper at 1 %. The highest calcium and zinc content in potato tuber was observed with the application of calcium at 0.8 % and zinc at 560 ppm respectively. Likewise, the application of zinc increased the protein percentage in tuber by 23 % compared to the control. Thus, it can be concluded that the foliar application of calcium at 0.8 % is the most economical resulting in the highest plant growth, yield, and producing the best quality potatoes under the climatic condition of Sankhu, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"54 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76190253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mandal, S. Rai, M. Shrestha, D. K. Jha, N. Pandit
Red blooms caused by Euglena sanguinea (Ehrenberg, 1832) might cause severe depletion of dissolved oxygen significantly in the pond. An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of measures for controlling E. sanguinea on water quality, growth and yield of carp polyculture. The experiment included four treatments: without mitigation measure (T1), skimming using net skimmer (T2), fertilization with urea and diammonium phosphate (T3) and liming using agriculture lime (T4) with three replications. The experiment was carried out for 120 days. The results showed that abundance of E. sanguinea was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in urea and diammonium phosphate treated ponds (270 ± 10 cells L-1) than control ponds (1650 ± 90 cells L-1). Water quality parameter such as nitrite, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control ponds (T1) than in treatment ponds. The net fish yield of rohu was significantly higher (0.19 ± 0.0 t ha-1) in T3 ponds than T2 ponds (0.07 ± 0.0 t ha-1). The present experiment effectively controlled abundance of E. sanguinea but admixture of urea and diammonium phosphate application appeared to be better control measures because dissolved oxygen content was at acceptable level in the ponds.
Euglena sanguinea (Ehrenberg, 1832)引起的赤华可能导致池塘溶解氧的严重耗竭。通过试验研究了不同防治措施对鲤鱼混养水质、生长和产量的影响。试验分为4个处理:无缓解措施处理(T1)、净撇肥处理(T2)、尿素和磷酸二铵施肥(T3)和农用石灰(T4)施肥，共3个重复。试验期120 d。结果表明，尿素和磷酸二铵处理池(270±10个细胞L-1)的血马弧菌丰度显著低于对照池(1650±90个细胞L-1) (p < 0.05)。对照池(T1)亚硝酸盐、总氮、总磷等水质参数显著高于处理池(p < 0.05)。T3池罗虎净鱼产量(0.19±0.0 t ha-1)显著高于T2池(0.07±0.0 t ha-1)。本试验有效地控制了血鲎的丰度，但由于池塘溶解氧含量在可接受的水平，尿素和磷酸二铵的混合施用似乎是更好的控制措施。
{"title":"Effectiveness of different measures to control red bloom in carp ponds","authors":"R. Mandal, S. Rai, M. Shrestha, D. K. Jha, N. Pandit","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48457","url":null,"abstract":"Red blooms caused by Euglena sanguinea (Ehrenberg, 1832) might cause severe depletion of dissolved oxygen significantly in the pond. An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of measures for controlling E. sanguinea on water quality, growth and yield of carp polyculture. The experiment included four treatments: without mitigation measure (T1), skimming using net skimmer (T2), fertilization with urea and diammonium phosphate (T3) and liming using agriculture lime (T4) with three replications. The experiment was carried out for 120 days. The results showed that abundance of E. sanguinea was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in urea and diammonium phosphate treated ponds (270 ± 10 cells L-1) than control ponds (1650 ± 90 cells L-1). Water quality parameter such as nitrite, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control ponds (T1) than in treatment ponds. The net fish yield of rohu was significantly higher (0.19 ± 0.0 t ha-1) in T3 ponds than T2 ponds (0.07 ± 0.0 t ha-1). The present experiment effectively controlled abundance of E. sanguinea but admixture of urea and diammonium phosphate application appeared to be better control measures because dissolved oxygen content was at acceptable level in the ponds.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85063197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shrestha, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari, R. Regmi, B. Gautam
Sweet pepper, Capsicum annum L. is commercially grown vegetable grown for its nutritional and economical value. Sucking pests like aphids, whiteflies, thrips, mites, etc. are the major insect pest in sweet pepper fields. Farmers deliberately have been using chemical pesticides in their crop to manage various insect pest and such practices of using hazardous chemicals are harmful to human health and the biodiversity. Similarly, farmers don't have an idea of planting trap and/or companion plants and its role in natural control of pest. Hence, a study was conducted to know the population dynamics, especially to assess the aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer) population and its potential natural enemies by planting rapeseed as companion crop. This field experiment was conducted in six different locations of Bharatpur-23, Chitwan from Nov 2019 to Jan 2020 where three plots of sweet pepper were planted with rapeseed as companion crop and other three plots solely having no floral source around. Aphid population was recorded at weekly interval and its major natural enemies; ladybird beetle and syrphid fly. Abnormal data were squared root transformed and analyzed by using paired sample t-test. The result showed that the aphid population in sweet pepper field with companion crop was significantly lower than in sweet pepper grown without floral source (control). Highly significant number of ladybird beetles and syrphid flies were recorded in sweet pepper with companion crop compared to control. The finding is helpful to develop an integrated management protocol of sweet pepper pests with the practice of following conservation biological control strategy.
甜椒(Capsicum annum L.)因其营养价值和经济价值而被商业化种植。蚜虫、粉虱、蓟马、螨虫等吸虫是甜椒田的主要害虫。农民故意在作物中使用化学农药来控制各种害虫，这种使用危险化学品的做法对人类健康和生物多样性有害。同样，农民也不知道种植陷阱和/或伴生植物及其在自然控制害虫方面的作用。为此，对油菜作为伴生作物进行了种群动态研究，特别是对油菜蚜虫种群及其潜在天敌进行了评价。该田间试验于2019年11月至2020年1月在Chitwan Bharatpur-23的六个不同地点进行，其中三个地块种植甜椒，油菜籽作为伴生作物，其他三个地块完全没有花卉来源。以周为间隔记录蚜虫种群数量及其主要天敌;瓢虫甲虫和蚜蝇。对异常数据进行平方根变换，采用配对样本t检验进行分析。结果表明，有伴生甜椒田蚜虫数量显著低于无花源(对照)甜椒田。与对照相比，伴作甜椒中瓢虫和蚜蝇的数量显著增加。研究结果有助于制定甜椒害虫综合治理方案，并实施以下保护性生物防治策略。
{"title":"Aphid Pest Management in Sweet Pepper Field with Rapeseed as a Companion Crop","authors":"A. Shrestha, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari, R. Regmi, B. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.50295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.50295","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet pepper, Capsicum annum L. is commercially grown vegetable grown for its nutritional and economical value. Sucking pests like aphids, whiteflies, thrips, mites, etc. are the major insect pest in sweet pepper fields. Farmers deliberately have been using chemical pesticides in their crop to manage various insect pest and such practices of using hazardous chemicals are harmful to human health and the biodiversity. Similarly, farmers don't have an idea of planting trap and/or companion plants and its role in natural control of pest. Hence, a study was conducted to know the population dynamics, especially to assess the aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer) population and its potential natural enemies by planting rapeseed as companion crop. This field experiment was conducted in six different locations of Bharatpur-23, Chitwan from Nov 2019 to Jan 2020 where three plots of sweet pepper were planted with rapeseed as companion crop and other three plots solely having no floral source around. Aphid population was recorded at weekly interval and its major natural enemies; ladybird beetle and syrphid fly. Abnormal data were squared root transformed and analyzed by using paired sample t-test. The result showed that the aphid population in sweet pepper field with companion crop was significantly lower than in sweet pepper grown without floral source (control). Highly significant number of ladybird beetles and syrphid flies were recorded in sweet pepper with companion crop compared to control. The finding is helpful to develop an integrated management protocol of sweet pepper pests with the practice of following conservation biological control strategy.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77676143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sharma, S. Tiwari, R. Thapa, S. Pokhrel, S. Neupane
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, is a polyphagous invasive pest that seriously affects the maize crop. Various insecticides such as Spinosad, Chlorantraniliprole, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate, Spinetoram and Neem-based insecticides are recommended to control this pest. However, their efficacy is not well studied in Nepal. Hence, a study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the above-mentioned insecticides for FAW management in laboratory experiments. Seven different treatments (six insecticides such as Spinosad 45% SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Emamectin benzoate 5% SC, Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Neem-based pesticide (Azadirachtin 1500 ppm) and control (water spray) were evaluated in three replicated CRD design. Spinosad and Spinetoram were found effective for the FAW mortality in which > 50% mortality of the larva was obtained in twelve hours and > 90 % mortality in twenty-four hours. Likewise, Emamectin benzoate and Chlorantraniliprole also caused > 90% mortality within twenty-four hours. Azadirachtin and Imidacloprid were not as effective as other pesticides that caused only 17% larval mortality in the first twelve hours and 68% mortality in sixty hours. Similarly, Imidacloprid caused 8% larval mortality in twelve hours and 59% mortality in sixty hours. There was no mortality in water spray (control). This information gives an idea of all pesticides are not equally effective and efficient. Such information’s are important to the farmers to select the right insecticides for the control of FAW in maize crops.
{"title":"Laboratory bioassay of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larva using various insecticides","authors":"S. Sharma, S. Tiwari, R. Thapa, S. Pokhrel, S. Neupane","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48455","url":null,"abstract":"Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, is a polyphagous invasive pest that seriously affects the maize crop. Various insecticides such as Spinosad, Chlorantraniliprole, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate, Spinetoram and Neem-based insecticides are recommended to control this pest. However, their efficacy is not well studied in Nepal. Hence, a study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the above-mentioned insecticides for FAW management in laboratory experiments. Seven different treatments (six insecticides such as Spinosad 45% SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Emamectin benzoate 5% SC, Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Neem-based pesticide (Azadirachtin 1500 ppm) and control (water spray) were evaluated in three replicated CRD design. Spinosad and Spinetoram were found effective for the FAW mortality in which > 50% mortality of the larva was obtained in twelve hours and > 90 % mortality in twenty-four hours. Likewise, Emamectin benzoate and Chlorantraniliprole also caused > 90% mortality within twenty-four hours. Azadirachtin and Imidacloprid were not as effective as other pesticides that caused only 17% larval mortality in the first twelve hours and 68% mortality in sixty hours. Similarly, Imidacloprid caused 8% larval mortality in twelve hours and 59% mortality in sixty hours. There was no mortality in water spray (control). This information gives an idea of all pesticides are not equally effective and efficient. Such information’s are important to the farmers to select the right insecticides for the control of FAW in maize crops.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75047670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nepalese agriculture insurance market is dominated by livestock sector and cattle are the most popular class of animal in livestock production system. This study was conducted to identify the determining factors and impact of household income on dairy cattle insurance. This study was based on the field survey conducted in Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal. A total of 160 households were sampled using a stratified simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interview schedule and focus group discussion (FGD) in 2017. The result of t-test showed annual household income, income from milk sell, and average cattle holding significantly higher in cattle insurer farmers than that of non-insurers. A probit model was used to assess the factors affecting the decision for the adoption of cattle insurance. The probit model revealed that cattle breed, access to loan, income from livestock, and number of cattle had a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of cattle insurance whereas, household size and district dummy had a negative and significant relationship with the adoption of cattle insurance. Income regression function revealed that the adoption of insurance, the number of cattle, and the district of the respondents had a positive and significant relation with income from livestock. The instrumental variable model adopted to combat endogeneity bias showed that adoption of insurance and district of the respondents had a positive and significant relation with income from livestock. Although the results are farmers specific, findings have implications for policymakers regarding promotion of improved breeds and facilitation of farm credit.
{"title":"Determining factors and impact of household income on dairy cattle insurance in Nepal","authors":"S. Subedi, R. Kattel","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48469","url":null,"abstract":"Nepalese agriculture insurance market is dominated by livestock sector and cattle are the most popular class of animal in livestock production system. This study was conducted to identify the determining factors and impact of household income on dairy cattle insurance. This study was based on the field survey conducted in Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal. A total of 160 households were sampled using a stratified simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interview schedule and focus group discussion (FGD) in 2017. The result of t-test showed annual household income, income from milk sell, and average cattle holding significantly higher in cattle insurer farmers than that of non-insurers. A probit model was used to assess the factors affecting the decision for the adoption of cattle insurance. The probit model revealed that cattle breed, access to loan, income from livestock, and number of cattle had a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of cattle insurance whereas, household size and district dummy had a negative and significant relationship with the adoption of cattle insurance. Income regression function revealed that the adoption of insurance, the number of cattle, and the district of the respondents had a positive and significant relation with income from livestock. The instrumental variable model adopted to combat endogeneity bias showed that adoption of insurance and district of the respondents had a positive and significant relation with income from livestock. Although the results are farmers specific, findings have implications for policymakers regarding promotion of improved breeds and facilitation of farm credit.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88462855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize (Zea mays) has been one of the most popularly grown crops in the mid hills of Nepal. With a view of assessing the present agronomic management and constraints of maize cultivation, a field survey was carried out in the summer of 2020 at Madichaur, Rolpa, Nepal. Simple random sampling procedure was used to collect data from 100 respondents using a semi structured interview schedule. Information regarding the productivity and adoption of improved technologies by maize growing farmers were also collected. The data were processed and analyzed using MS-Excel and SPSS. Results revealed maize-based cropping system as the major cropping system (65%) with rainy season maize being the dominant one (76%). Varietal selection was primarily based on the local prevalence whereas own preserved seeds were used by majority of the respondents. Local plough was the major tool for land preparation whereas majority of the respondent used FYM as nutrient source and followed sowing behind the plough. Gap filling, thinning, weeding, earthing up was quite common among the respondents, however their intensity varied. External cob storage was the common method of storage. Biotic stress was identified as the major bottleneck for increasing maize productivity followed by lack of irrigation and technical know how.
{"title":"Maize cultivation: present status, major constraints and farmer's perception at Madichaur, Rolpa","authors":"S. Dhakal, S. K. Sah, L. Amgain, K. Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48454","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays) has been one of the most popularly grown crops in the mid hills of Nepal. With a view of assessing the present agronomic management and constraints of maize cultivation, a field survey was carried out in the summer of 2020 at Madichaur, Rolpa, Nepal. Simple random sampling procedure was used to collect data from 100 respondents using a semi structured interview schedule. Information regarding the productivity and adoption of improved technologies by maize growing farmers were also collected. The data were processed and analyzed using MS-Excel and SPSS. Results revealed maize-based cropping system as the major cropping system (65%) with rainy season maize being the dominant one (76%). Varietal selection was primarily based on the local prevalence whereas own preserved seeds were used by majority of the respondents. Local plough was the major tool for land preparation whereas majority of the respondent used FYM as nutrient source and followed sowing behind the plough. Gap filling, thinning, weeding, earthing up was quite common among the respondents, however their intensity varied. External cob storage was the common method of storage. Biotic stress was identified as the major bottleneck for increasing maize productivity followed by lack of irrigation and technical know how.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79122883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize is the most important cereal crop after rice and wheat in Asia. Nowadays, maize production is threatened by one invasive pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) particularly in Africa and Asia, and threatens millions of poor people. Fall armyworm feeds a wide range of crops and non-crops including weeds, with over 353 plant species. But most frequently consumed crops are field corn, sweet corn, wheat, sorghum, sugarcane, Bermuda grass etc. Fall armyworm has six larval stages, the first three stages are less voracious compared to the latter stages. Larvae are very numerous and disperse in large numbers and behave like ‘armyworm’. Insecticides are considered an important tool of FAW management as well as other lepidopteran maize pests. However, these practices are not sustainable and are linked to the environment, biodiversity and farmers' health. Alternative management strategies should be developed by understanding pest biology and ecology. Hence, a series of laboratory choice and paired-choice tests were conducted at Agriculture and Forestry University in May 2021 to evaluate the host plant preference by the fall armyworm. Potential host plants were Zea mays (maize cultivars - Rampur composite, Arun-2 and Rampur hybrid-10), Pennisetum purpureus (Napier), Oryza sativa (rice), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum), Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) and Glycine max (Soybean). In choice tests, FAW preference was ranked as Rampur Composite > Sorghum > Rampur hybrid-10 > Arun-2 > Napier > Rice > Buckwheat > Cowpea > Soybean. Rampur composite and sorghum were the most preferred host plants, Rampur hybrid, Arun-2 and Napier were the medium preferred, rice was categorized as the low preferred and other host plants such as buckwheat, cowpea and soybean were the least preferred host plant of fall armyworm. In paired-choice tests, Rampur composite was more preferred than sorghum, but not significantly so. These research findings are useful to utilize in habitat manipulation strategies for fall armyworm management. Most preferred plant species can be deployed as trap crops and least preferred host plants can be used as repellent or push crops in a push-pull strategy. Such host plants in-and-around the main field can reduce the fall armyworm damage and reduce pesticide amount in main crops.
{"title":"Host plant preference by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on the range of potential host plant species","authors":"S. Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48437","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is the most important cereal crop after rice and wheat in Asia. Nowadays, maize production is threatened by one invasive pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) particularly in Africa and Asia, and threatens millions of poor people. Fall armyworm feeds a wide range of crops and non-crops including weeds, with over 353 plant species. But most frequently consumed crops are field corn, sweet corn, wheat, sorghum, sugarcane, Bermuda grass etc. Fall armyworm has six larval stages, the first three stages are less voracious compared to the latter stages. Larvae are very numerous and disperse in large numbers and behave like ‘armyworm’. Insecticides are considered an important tool of FAW management as well as other lepidopteran maize pests. However, these practices are not sustainable and are linked to the environment, biodiversity and farmers' health. Alternative management strategies should be developed by understanding pest biology and ecology. Hence, a series of laboratory choice and paired-choice tests were conducted at Agriculture and Forestry University in May 2021 to evaluate the host plant preference by the fall armyworm. Potential host plants were Zea mays (maize cultivars - Rampur composite, Arun-2 and Rampur hybrid-10), Pennisetum purpureus (Napier), Oryza sativa (rice), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum), Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) and Glycine max (Soybean). In choice tests, FAW preference was ranked as Rampur Composite > Sorghum > Rampur hybrid-10 > Arun-2 > Napier > Rice > Buckwheat > Cowpea > Soybean. Rampur composite and sorghum were the most preferred host plants, Rampur hybrid, Arun-2 and Napier were the medium preferred, rice was categorized as the low preferred and other host plants such as buckwheat, cowpea and soybean were the least preferred host plant of fall armyworm. In paired-choice tests, Rampur composite was more preferred than sorghum, but not significantly so. These research findings are useful to utilize in habitat manipulation strategies for fall armyworm management. Most preferred plant species can be deployed as trap crops and least preferred host plants can be used as repellent or push crops in a push-pull strategy. Such host plants in-and-around the main field can reduce the fall armyworm damage and reduce pesticide amount in main crops.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80696019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information and communication technology (ICT) tools such as radio, television, mobile phone, the internet and computers are gaining momentum in Nepal’s agriculture development discourse, filling void that traditional agriculture extension has failed to fill. Agricultural mechanization implies using various power sources and improved farm tools and equipment in agriculture. This study aims to determine the barriers while using ICT tools and agricultural machinery in Jhapa, Kapilbastu and Kailali districts of Nepal. Pretested semi-structured interview schedule was employed to collect data from 390 sample respondents selected randomly. Descriptive statistics and the appropriately developed scales were used in the data analysis. Moreover, respondents considered lack of awareness along with its requirement of skilled human resources and its cost were the primary reasons for the rejection of the use of ICT tools, where the overall rejection level was at a medium level. The constraints level of the use and adoption of farm machinery was found high; the significant constraints considered by the respondents were the high price of the machinery along with poor skills, knowledge, facilities, and poor maintenance service. The overall index value for the rejection of the use and adoption of farm machinery in paddy farming was at a moderate level. The respondents’ primary reasons for the rejection of the use of farm machinery were the high price of the farm machinery long with poor training, poor skilled human resources, and complex ideas to learn. Hence, to overcome to those factors, appropriate awareness campaigns and educational programs are necessary.
{"title":"Constraints on the use and adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) tools and farm machinery by paddy farmers in Nepal","authors":"U. Sigdel, K. Pyakuryal, D. Devkota, G. Ojha","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v5i1.48441","url":null,"abstract":"Information and communication technology (ICT) tools such as radio, television, mobile phone, the internet and computers are gaining momentum in Nepal’s agriculture development discourse, filling void that traditional agriculture extension has failed to fill. Agricultural mechanization implies using various power sources and improved farm tools and equipment in agriculture. This study aims to determine the barriers while using ICT tools and agricultural machinery in Jhapa, Kapilbastu and Kailali districts of Nepal. Pretested semi-structured interview schedule was employed to collect data from 390 sample respondents selected randomly. Descriptive statistics and the appropriately developed scales were used in the data analysis. Moreover, respondents considered lack of awareness along with its requirement of skilled human resources and its cost were the primary reasons for the rejection of the use of ICT tools, where the overall rejection level was at a medium level. The constraints level of the use and adoption of farm machinery was found high; the significant constraints considered by the respondents were the high price of the machinery along with poor skills, knowledge, facilities, and poor maintenance service. The overall index value for the rejection of the use and adoption of farm machinery in paddy farming was at a moderate level. The respondents’ primary reasons for the rejection of the use of farm machinery were the high price of the farm machinery long with poor training, poor skilled human resources, and complex ideas to learn. Hence, to overcome to those factors, appropriate awareness campaigns and educational programs are necessary.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88878072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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