Vegetable contributes 20.74% of the total Agricultural Gross Domestic Products (AGDP) of the country. Among the vegetables produced, cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) is one of the important vegetable crops in Nepal. Soil borne pathogens (soil inhabitants and soil transients) are one of the major factors contributing to lower yield in vegetables either through damage of whole crop, or by making them unmarketable. Damping off caused by Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora is one of the major disease of vegetables crops. This disease attacks a crop in its two stages i.e. pre-emergence of seeds and in seedling stage. This study was conducted in a sick plot at Ghumne 5 of Belaka Municipality, Udayapur, Nepal with six treatments, each replicated four times. The pathogen causing damping off was identified as Rhizoctonia sp. Among the treatments Beejamrut was found to be superior to other treatments in terms of root length (5.97±0.62cm) and shoot length (13.25±1.16cm). In case of root weight and shoot weight Beejamrut (0.28±0.03g;1.85±0.50g), respectively, gave the similar results to Thiram (0.27±0.01g;1.89±0.4g), respectively. Lowest Percentage Disease Incidence (PDI) was found in Thiram (18.0±1) and Beejamrut (19.0±1) treated plots.
蔬菜占该国农业国内生产总值(AGDP)的20.74%。在生产的蔬菜中，花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)是尼泊尔重要的蔬菜作物之一。土壤传播的病原体(土壤居民和土壤瞬变物)是导致蔬菜减产的主要因素之一，要么破坏整个作物，要么使其无法销售。由霉、镰刀菌、根核菌、疫霉等引起的萎蔫病是蔬菜作物的主要病害之一。这种疾病在作物的两个阶段即种子萌发前和幼苗期发作。本研究在尼泊尔乌达亚普尔Belaka市Ghumne 5的一个病区进行，采用六种处理方法，每次重复四次。在各处理中，甜菜根长(5.97±0.62cm)和茎长(13.25±1.16cm)均优于其他处理。在根重和茎重分别为(0.28±0.03g;1.85±0.50g)的情况下，甜菜根重和茎重的结果与地甜相似(0.27±0.01g;1.89±0.4g)。病发率(PDI)最低的是Thiram(18.0±1)和Beejamrut(19.0±1)。
{"title":"Evaluation of efficacy of chemical, botanicals and beejamrut in growth promotion and management of damping off disease in cauliflower at Udayapur, Nepal","authors":"S. G.C., L. Khatri","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47103","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable contributes 20.74% of the total Agricultural Gross Domestic Products (AGDP) of the country. Among the vegetables produced, cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) is one of the important vegetable crops in Nepal. Soil borne pathogens (soil inhabitants and soil transients) are one of the major factors contributing to lower yield in vegetables either through damage of whole crop, or by making them unmarketable. Damping off caused by Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora is one of the major disease of vegetables crops. This disease attacks a crop in its two stages i.e. pre-emergence of seeds and in seedling stage. This study was conducted in a sick plot at Ghumne 5 of Belaka Municipality, Udayapur, Nepal with six treatments, each replicated four times. The pathogen causing damping off was identified as Rhizoctonia sp. Among the treatments Beejamrut was found to be superior to other treatments in terms of root length (5.97±0.62cm) and shoot length (13.25±1.16cm). In case of root weight and shoot weight Beejamrut (0.28±0.03g;1.85±0.50g), respectively, gave the similar results to Thiram (0.27±0.01g;1.89±0.4g), respectively. Lowest Percentage Disease Incidence (PDI) was found in Thiram (18.0±1) and Beejamrut (19.0±1) treated plots.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75145641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat bug, Nysius huttoni, is considered as an economic pest of forage Brassicas and many other cultivated crops, such as wheat, kale, and vegetables in New Zealand. Insecticides- as seed coatings and sprays are frequently used to manage this pest, but a high proportion of these insecticidal compounds enter the soil and leads to pesticide resistance, and they may impact beneficial arthropods and soil microorganisms, creating an adverse effect on ecosystem services (ES). In this paper, we discuss a technology, that we have developed to trap , for example, wheat bug away from kale seedlings, and integrating these in less susceptible kale cultivars that can potentially reduce over-reliance on orthodox pesticides on brassicas. Laboratory studies were conducted to screen the suitable trap crop among nine other plants (alyssum, wheat, phacelia, buckwheat, coriander, white clover, alfalfa, and kale) mainly by considering growth stages (vegetative and flowering), and select less susceptible kale cultivars among six other (Kestrel, Gruner, Sovereign, Regal, Corka and Colear). Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were the most favoured potential trap plants for the wheat bug in a laboraotry study. Flowering stage of alyssum is the most susceptible growth stage by the bug damage. Kestrel and Coleor are the most popular kale cultivars used as forage brassicas in New Zealand, but they are the most susceptible to the wheat bug. Corka and Regal were the least susceptible cultivars. The integration of trap cropping technology by using alyssum as the trap crop, preferably depolying flowering stage, along with sowing less susceptible kale cultivars such as Corka and Regal in main fields have been suggested to protect brassica seedlings from bug damage.
{"title":"Integrated management protocol for New Zealand endemic wheat bug (Nysius huttoni) in forage brassicas","authors":"S. Tiwari, N. Dickinson, S. Wratten","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47060","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat bug, Nysius huttoni, is considered as an economic pest of forage Brassicas and many other cultivated crops, such as wheat, kale, and vegetables in New Zealand. Insecticides- as seed coatings and sprays are frequently used to manage this pest, but a high proportion of these insecticidal compounds enter the soil and leads to pesticide resistance, and they may impact beneficial arthropods and soil microorganisms, creating an adverse effect on ecosystem services (ES). In this paper, we discuss a technology, that we have developed to trap , for example, wheat bug away from kale seedlings, and integrating these in less susceptible kale cultivars that can potentially reduce over-reliance on orthodox pesticides on brassicas. Laboratory studies were conducted to screen the suitable trap crop among nine other plants (alyssum, wheat, phacelia, buckwheat, coriander, white clover, alfalfa, and kale) mainly by considering growth stages (vegetative and flowering), and select less susceptible kale cultivars among six other (Kestrel, Gruner, Sovereign, Regal, Corka and Colear). Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were the most favoured potential trap plants for the wheat bug in a laboraotry study. Flowering stage of alyssum is the most susceptible growth stage by the bug damage. Kestrel and Coleor are the most popular kale cultivars used as forage brassicas in New Zealand, but they are the most susceptible to the wheat bug. Corka and Regal were the least susceptible cultivars. The integration of trap cropping technology by using alyssum as the trap crop, preferably depolying flowering stage, along with sowing less susceptible kale cultivars such as Corka and Regal in main fields have been suggested to protect brassica seedlings from bug damage.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84628059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A research was done during July 2016 to June 2017 for a period of one year at Baijanath Rural Municipality, Banke district of mid-western terai region of Nepal to analyze the seasonal variation in average daily milk yield (DMY), standard 305 days milk yield (SMY), fat percent and solid-not-fat (SNF) percent in the milk of crossbred Murrah buffaloes. A total of 1086 milk sample was purposively collected from 235 lactating crossbred Murrah buffaloes of early (first and second) parity and were analyzed for major quality traits of milk covering four seasons- spring (February to April), summer (May to July), autumn (August to October), and winter (November to January). Results revealed that season had significant influence on DMY (p<0.05), SMY (p<0.01), fat (p<0.01) and SNF (p<0.01) content of crossbred Murrah buffaloes. Accordingly, highest DMY and SMY was recorded for the buffaloes calved in spring season with highest fat and SNF content during summer and spring season, respectively. Thus, results of this study reflected a scientific fact about wider variation in milk yield, fat and SNF contents in Murrah buffaloes with the significant effect of season. This information could be useful in recognizing the importance of synchronizing calving dates during spring season for higher production and productivity in order to maintain the quality aspects of milk, such as fat and SNF content. Further investigation is, however, required regarding genetic parameters determination of these traits covering wider population in the region.
{"title":"Seasonal variation in milk yield, fat and SNF content of Murrah crossbred buffalo in mid-western Terai region of Nepal","authors":"N. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47099","url":null,"abstract":"A research was done during July 2016 to June 2017 for a period of one year at Baijanath Rural Municipality, Banke district of mid-western terai region of Nepal to analyze the seasonal variation in average daily milk yield (DMY), standard 305 days milk yield (SMY), fat percent and solid-not-fat (SNF) percent in the milk of crossbred Murrah buffaloes. A total of 1086 milk sample was purposively collected from 235 lactating crossbred Murrah buffaloes of early (first and second) parity and were analyzed for major quality traits of milk covering four seasons- spring (February to April), summer (May to July), autumn (August to October), and winter (November to January). Results revealed that season had significant influence on DMY (p<0.05), SMY (p<0.01), fat (p<0.01) and SNF (p<0.01) content of crossbred Murrah buffaloes. Accordingly, highest DMY and SMY was recorded for the buffaloes calved in spring season with highest fat and SNF content during summer and spring season, respectively. Thus, results of this study reflected a scientific fact about wider variation in milk yield, fat and SNF contents in Murrah buffaloes with the significant effect of season. This information could be useful in recognizing the importance of synchronizing calving dates during spring season for higher production and productivity in order to maintain the quality aspects of milk, such as fat and SNF content. Further investigation is, however, required regarding genetic parameters determination of these traits covering wider population in the region.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"47 28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84704132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kitchen gardening in general and organic vegetable production in particular are gaining popularity, and have been becoming indispensable component of Nepalese farming system. This concept could be promoted in order to reduce market dependency for vegetables; increase access to pesticide free products for home consumption, and for minimizing malnutrition and poverty. This research was done to estimate the cost, return, profitability and productive efficiency of organic vegetable grown in kitchen gardens of Chitwan using primary data, obtained from 123 randomly selected households. Samples were selected using simple random sampling techniques, and data were analyzed using Stata-12 for estimating descriptive statistics, Cobb- Douglas production function, allocative efficiency and frontier production function. Average size of holding for organic vegetable production was 0.65 kattha with gross margin of NRs. 9,312 per kattha and benefit cost ratio 2.19. Human labor, seed and organic manure significantly and positively contributed to the productivity of organic kitchen gardening, resulting return to scale value at 0.57. Majority of inputs, such as seed, organic manure, and irrigation were underutilized, and human labor was over utilized. Labour has been utilizing at technically efficient level in spite of its overutilization in allocative efficient measure. Almost all kitchen garden firms were operating at 90% efficiency and they require about NRs. 17,116 annual income per kattha for achieving this efficiency level. Organic vegetable production in kitchen garden system is profitable and there is scope to increase the expenditure on better seeds, organic manures, and irrigation for achieving the maximum productive efficiency by about 69, 61, and 496%, respectively. Policy support for promoting the distribution and adoption of vegetable seeds of improved varieties, composting, green manuring and increased use of irrigation seems fruitful to increase the productive efficiency of organic vegetable grown in kitchen garden of Chitwan district, Nepal.
{"title":"Productive efficiency of organic vegetable grown in kitchen garden of Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"S. Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47045","url":null,"abstract":"Kitchen gardening in general and organic vegetable production in particular are gaining popularity, and have been becoming indispensable component of Nepalese farming system. This concept could be promoted in order to reduce market dependency for vegetables; increase access to pesticide free products for home consumption, and for minimizing malnutrition and poverty. This research was done to estimate the cost, return, profitability and productive efficiency of organic vegetable grown in kitchen gardens of Chitwan using primary data, obtained from 123 randomly selected households. Samples were selected using simple random sampling techniques, and data were analyzed using Stata-12 for estimating descriptive statistics, Cobb- Douglas production function, allocative efficiency and frontier production function. Average size of holding for organic vegetable production was 0.65 kattha with gross margin of NRs. 9,312 per kattha and benefit cost ratio 2.19. Human labor, seed and organic manure significantly and positively contributed to the productivity of organic kitchen gardening, resulting return to scale value at 0.57. Majority of inputs, such as seed, organic manure, and irrigation were underutilized, and human labor was over utilized. Labour has been utilizing at technically efficient level in spite of its overutilization in allocative efficient measure. Almost all kitchen garden firms were operating at 90% efficiency and they require about NRs. 17,116 annual income per kattha for achieving this efficiency level. Organic vegetable production in kitchen garden system is profitable and there is scope to increase the expenditure on better seeds, organic manures, and irrigation for achieving the maximum productive efficiency by about 69, 61, and 496%, respectively. Policy support for promoting the distribution and adoption of vegetable seeds of improved varieties, composting, green manuring and increased use of irrigation seems fruitful to increase the productive efficiency of organic vegetable grown in kitchen garden of Chitwan district, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84497138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and non-specific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction (fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal. Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p < 0.01) more positive cases than faecal culture. Findings of this study suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease control strategy for livestock industry.
{"title":"Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"S. Singh, I. P. Dhakal, U. Singh, B. Devkota","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47073","url":null,"abstract":"Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and non-specific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction (fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal. Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p < 0.01) more positive cases than faecal culture. Findings of this study suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease control strategy for livestock industry.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81689698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. B. Koirala, T. R. Rijal, G. Kc, S. Khan, D. Mahato, S. Manandhar, S. Subedi, M. Tripathi
Hybrid is the most economical option to boost up the grain yield of maize, and slowly it is gaining popularity among the farmers of Nepal. In order to identify the potential hybrids suitable for Terai and Inner Terai regions, a set of experiment was conducted on hybrid maize developed by National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur in Coordinated Variety Trials (CVTs) during the winter season of 2014/15 and 2015/16. The experiments were done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each treatment was replicated thrice for each site at Rampur, Belachapi, Tarahara, and Parwanipur. Over the years, genotypes RML-83/RL-197 and RML-4/RL-111 yielded higher than other tested genotypes in Tarahara. Similarly, RL-180/RL-105, RML-87/RL-105, Dekalb double and Rampur Hybrid-6 produced higher grain yield at Belachapi during 2014/15. Genotype RML-4/RML-111 followed by RML-98/RL-105, and Rampur Hybrid-6 yielded higher at Parwanipur during 2015/16. In the case of Rampur, genotypes RML-98/RML-105 had produced higher yield in both the years whereas RML-5/RL-105 during 2014/15, and Rampur Hybrid-2 followed by RML-55/RL-105 were the superior genotypes in terms of grain yield during 2015/16. Those hybrids with higher grain yield in CVTs will be upgraded to Coordinated Farmers Field Trial on Hybrid (CFFTH) and these hybrids might be the potential future hybrids for Terai and Inner Terai of Nepal.
{"title":"Evaluation of maize hybrids in Terai and inner Terai ecological belt of Nepal","authors":"K. B. Koirala, T. R. Rijal, G. Kc, S. Khan, D. Mahato, S. Manandhar, S. Subedi, M. Tripathi","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47055","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid is the most economical option to boost up the grain yield of maize, and slowly it is gaining popularity among the farmers of Nepal. In order to identify the potential hybrids suitable for Terai and Inner Terai regions, a set of experiment was conducted on hybrid maize developed by National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur in Coordinated Variety Trials (CVTs) during the winter season of 2014/15 and 2015/16. The experiments were done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each treatment was replicated thrice for each site at Rampur, Belachapi, Tarahara, and Parwanipur. Over the years, genotypes RML-83/RL-197 and RML-4/RL-111 yielded higher than other tested genotypes in Tarahara. Similarly, RL-180/RL-105, RML-87/RL-105, Dekalb double and Rampur Hybrid-6 produced higher grain yield at Belachapi during 2014/15. Genotype RML-4/RML-111 followed by RML-98/RL-105, and Rampur Hybrid-6 yielded higher at Parwanipur during 2015/16. In the case of Rampur, genotypes RML-98/RML-105 had produced higher yield in both the years whereas RML-5/RL-105 during 2014/15, and Rampur Hybrid-2 followed by RML-55/RL-105 were the superior genotypes in terms of grain yield during 2015/16. Those hybrids with higher grain yield in CVTs will be upgraded to Coordinated Farmers Field Trial on Hybrid (CFFTH) and these hybrids might be the potential future hybrids for Terai and Inner Terai of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84445092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. P. Pandey, N. Khatri, M. Yadav, K. Pant, R. Poudel, A. Khan
Soil fertility in several parts of Nepal is declining mainly due to continuous cultivation and without replenishing soil nutrient removal by crops with quality fertilizers in required quantity. Nepal does not produce chemical fertilizers and most farmers cannot afford to buy the imported fertilizer. Under these circumstances, emphasizing locally available low cost organic manure may become an important option. This research compares the effect of different stages [5 days (fresh), 90 days (3 months) and 180 days (6 months)], and dose (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) of digestate/biogas slurry on wheat yield. Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2016 – 2017 (first year) and 2017 - 2018 (second year) in a silt loam soil to identify suitable stage and appropriate dose of digestate regarding yield maximization of wheat. The experiment was done by using 2 factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), each treatment with three replications. Grain yield was significantly higher (2.2 t ha-1) due to application of biogas slurry of 5 days stage than the stage of 90 days (2.1 t ha-1) in 2016 - 2017, 2017 – 2018 and in pooled analysis. Grain yield increased significantly up to the dose of 10 t ha-1 as compared to that of no use (check), and became saturated, in 2016 – 2017, 2017 – 2018, and also in pooled analysis. Hence, the use of biogas slurry of the stage of 5 days with the dose of 10 t ha-1 resulted higher grain yield of wheat (cv. Vijay), is edaphically and economically viable option for wheat production.
尼泊尔若干地区的土壤肥力正在下降，这主要是由于连续耕作和作物没有提供所需数量的优质肥料来补充土壤养分流失。尼泊尔不生产化肥，大多数农民买不起进口化肥。在这种情况下，强调当地可获得的低成本有机肥可能成为重要的选择。本研究比较了不同阶段[5天(新鲜)、90天(3个月)和180天(6个月)]以及沼液/沼液用量(0、5、10和15 t ha-1)对小麦产量的影响。本研究于2016 - 2017冬季(第一年)和2017 - 2018冬季(第二年)在粉砂壤土中进行了田间试验，以确定小麦产量最大化的适宜阶段和适宜剂量。采用2因素随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，每个处理3个重复。在2016 - 2017年、2017 - 2018年和混合分析中，施用5天期沼液的籽粒产量(2.2 t ha-1)显著高于90天期(2.1 t ha-1)。在2016 - 2017年、2017 - 2018年以及汇总分析中，与未使用相比，粮食产量在10 t ha-1剂量下显著增加(检查)，并达到饱和。因此，施用5天期沼液，剂量为10 t hm -1，小麦籽粒产量较高(cv。在土壤和经济上都是小麦生产的可行选择。
{"title":"Effect of digestate / biogas slurry on wheat under rice – wheat cropping system","authors":"B. P. Pandey, N. Khatri, M. Yadav, K. Pant, R. Poudel, A. Khan","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47047","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fertility in several parts of Nepal is declining mainly due to continuous cultivation and without replenishing soil nutrient removal by crops with quality fertilizers in required quantity. Nepal does not produce chemical fertilizers and most farmers cannot afford to buy the imported fertilizer. Under these circumstances, emphasizing locally available low cost organic manure may become an important option. This research compares the effect of different stages [5 days (fresh), 90 days (3 months) and 180 days (6 months)], and dose (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) of digestate/biogas slurry on wheat yield. Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2016 – 2017 (first year) and 2017 - 2018 (second year) in a silt loam soil to identify suitable stage and appropriate dose of digestate regarding yield maximization of wheat. The experiment was done by using 2 factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), each treatment with three replications. Grain yield was significantly higher (2.2 t ha-1) due to application of biogas slurry of 5 days stage than the stage of 90 days (2.1 t ha-1) in 2016 - 2017, 2017 – 2018 and in pooled analysis. Grain yield increased significantly up to the dose of 10 t ha-1 as compared to that of no use (check), and became saturated, in 2016 – 2017, 2017 – 2018, and also in pooled analysis. Hence, the use of biogas slurry of the stage of 5 days with the dose of 10 t ha-1 resulted higher grain yield of wheat (cv. Vijay), is edaphically and economically viable option for wheat production.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83469616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good laboratory practices (GLP): Key in success for the disease diagnostic field","authors":"H. Luitel","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47104","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87970077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was done on weaned piglets at Piggery Research Unit of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, NARC, during 6 January 2019 to 5 May 2019 for 120 days after adjustment period of seven days. Twenty piglets, after weaning at 4-6 months of age were allocated into four treatments, each with 5 replications by using Completely Randomized Design. Four types of diets were used as treatments. Bakery waste was not incorporated in the control group diet (T1) whereas in the diet of T2, T3 and T4 maize as an ingredient was replaced by 25, 50 and 75% with bakery waste, respectively. Concentrate mixture was provided in adlib amount twice a day and refusal was measured in next morning while body weight gain was measured at 15 days interval. The findings revealed that highest total body weight gain was observed when maize was replaced by bakery waste (50%) (T3).But the total body weight gain was statistically similar (p>0.05) among the treatments group. The average daily gain was also highest when maize as an ingredient was replaced by bakery waste 50% (T3) with the gain of 325 g/day. Total feed intake during experimental period was highest for the same treatment. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of entire (120 days) experimental period was also statically similar (p>0.05) for all treatments (1kg body weight: 2kg feed). The findings thus suggested that replacement of maize as an ingredient by bakery waste in piglet diet could be beneficial if it is replaced by 50% compared to 25% or 75% inclusion. Further in depth research is required to assess the effectiveness of replacing maize and other important ingredients with bakery waste before recommending this practice to the piglet growers.
{"title":"Growth comparison of piglets fed with different level of bakery waste in basal diet","authors":"M. R. Tiwari, H. Dhakal, M. Sah Sudi","doi":"10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47096","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was done on weaned piglets at Piggery Research Unit of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, NARC, during 6 January 2019 to 5 May 2019 for 120 days after adjustment period of seven days. Twenty piglets, after weaning at 4-6 months of age were allocated into four treatments, each with 5 replications by using Completely Randomized Design. Four types of diets were used as treatments. Bakery waste was not incorporated in the control group diet (T1) whereas in the diet of T2, T3 and T4 maize as an ingredient was replaced by 25, 50 and 75% with bakery waste, respectively. Concentrate mixture was provided in adlib amount twice a day and refusal was measured in next morning while body weight gain was measured at 15 days interval. The findings revealed that highest total body weight gain was observed when maize was replaced by bakery waste (50%) (T3).But the total body weight gain was statistically similar (p>0.05) among the treatments group. The average daily gain was also highest when maize as an ingredient was replaced by bakery waste 50% (T3) with the gain of 325 g/day. Total feed intake during experimental period was highest for the same treatment. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of entire (120 days) experimental period was also statically similar (p>0.05) for all treatments (1kg body weight: 2kg feed). The findings thus suggested that replacement of maize as an ingredient by bakery waste in piglet diet could be beneficial if it is replaced by 50% compared to 25% or 75% inclusion. Further in depth research is required to assess the effectiveness of replacing maize and other important ingredients with bakery waste before recommending this practice to the piglet growers.","PeriodicalId":15865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87970809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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