Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108953
Xin Shen , Xi Chen , Qin Zhuo , Shi Shen , Yi Yang
Food allergy remains a significant global public health concern, driving the continuous advancement of detection technologies. This review critically examines the evolution of food allergen detection methods, from traditional immunoassays and nucleic acid-based techniques to advanced biosensors and mass spectrometry platforms. Despite significant progress, these technologies still face challenges, including the influence of food matrices, epitope modifications during processing, and operational limitations. The review also discusses how these advancements inform the creation of international labeling regulations. DNA-based methods are useful for ingredient verification but do not provide protein-level confirmation. Future advancements should focus on standardizing detection methods, developing matrix-matched certified reference materials, and establishing labeling regulations based on clinical threshold data.
{"title":"Food allergens: From classification and detection to risk management","authors":"Xin Shen , Xi Chen , Qin Zhuo , Shi Shen , Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food allergy remains a significant global public health concern, driving the continuous advancement of detection technologies. This review critically examines the evolution of food allergen detection methods, from traditional immunoassays and nucleic acid-based techniques to advanced biosensors and mass spectrometry platforms. Despite significant progress, these technologies still face challenges, including the influence of food matrices, epitope modifications during processing, and operational limitations. The review also discusses how these advancements inform the creation of international labeling regulations. DNA-based methods are useful for ingredient verification but do not provide protein-level confirmation. Future advancements should focus on standardizing detection methods, developing matrix-matched certified reference materials, and establishing labeling regulations based on clinical threshold data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108949
Christus C. Miderho , Lucy G. Njue , George O. Abong , Kanigula Mubagwa , Michael Sulyok
Infants and young children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) may be highly exposed to dietary mycotoxins due to reliance on maize flour-based complementary foods. This cross-sectional study assessed exposure across urban and rural health zones in South Kivu, DRC. A total of 428 maize flour samples were pooled into 48 composite samples and analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS methods. Dietary exposure was assessed using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Margin of Exposure (MoE), Monte Carlo simulations, and liver cancer risk modeling. Children under five were exposed to levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; EDIs > 200 ng/kg bw/day) exceeding safety limits. MoE values (1.1–23.1) were far below the recommended threshold of 10,000, indicating high carcinogenic risk. The children were also exposed to fumonisins (0.03–0.74 µg/kg bw/day), deoxynivalenol (0–0.44 µg/kg bw/day), and zearalenone (0–0.50 µg/kg bw/day). Cumulative risk was highest in white (hazard index, HI = 297.8) and pale red maize flours (HI = 275.4). White maize flour contributed the highest AFB1-related liver cancer burden (3.05 cases per 100,000 children annually). These results highlight the need for food safety surveillance and for targeted myotoxin mitigation programs.
{"title":"Mycotoxin exposure assessment from maize flour-based porridge consumed by infants and young children in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Christus C. Miderho , Lucy G. Njue , George O. Abong , Kanigula Mubagwa , Michael Sulyok","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infants and young children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) may be highly exposed to dietary mycotoxins due to reliance on maize flour-based complementary foods. This cross-sectional study assessed exposure across urban and rural health zones in South Kivu, DRC. A total of 428 maize flour samples were pooled into 48 composite samples and analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS methods. Dietary exposure was assessed using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Margin of Exposure (MoE), Monte Carlo simulations, and liver cancer risk modeling. Children under five were exposed to levels of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>; EDIs > 200 ng/kg bw/day) exceeding safety limits. MoE values (1.1–23.1) were far below the recommended threshold of 10,000, indicating high carcinogenic risk. The children were also exposed to fumonisins (0.03–0.74 µg/kg bw/day), deoxynivalenol (0–0.44 µg/kg bw/day), and zearalenone (0–0.50 µg/kg bw/day). Cumulative risk was highest in white (hazard index, HI = 297.8) and pale red maize flours (HI = 275.4). White maize flour contributed the highest AFB1-related liver cancer burden (3.05 cases per 100,000 children annually). These results highlight the need for food safety surveillance and for targeted myotoxin mitigation programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the elemental composition of Origanum elongatum leaves and the potential health risks associated with their consumption. This endemic Moroccan medicinal plant is widely recognized for its therapeutic benefits. Leaf samples were collected from three locations in the Senhaja Srair region (northern Morocco), and thirty-two elements were quantified using k₀-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (k₀-INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). High levels of essential macroelements were found, including potassium (22,953 ± 608 mg·kg⁻¹), calcium (14,539 ± 612 mg·kg⁻¹), magnesium, phosphorus, and chloride. Trace amounts of rare earth elements and toxic metals were also detected, such as cadmium (0.041 ± 0.002 mg·kg⁻¹) and lead (1.005 ± 0.02 mg·kg⁻¹). Health risk assessment was conducted by calculating Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). Iron, manganese, zinc, and copper showed the highest EDI values. All THQ values and the total HI were below 1, indicating minimal non-carcinogenic risk. Overall, O. elongatum appears to be a rich source of essential minerals with low levels of toxic elements, supporting its safe use in traditional and functional food applications.
{"title":"Elemental composition and health risk assessment of heavy metals in medicinal plant Origanum elongatum from Northern Morocco","authors":"Iliasse Aarab , Hamid Bounouira , Hamid Amsil , Youssef Maazouzi , Abedessamad Didi , Abdelwahab Badague , El mahjoub Chakir","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the elemental composition of <em>Origanum elongatum</em> leaves and the potential health risks associated with their consumption. This endemic Moroccan medicinal plant is widely recognized for its therapeutic benefits. Leaf samples were collected from three locations in the Senhaja Srair region (northern Morocco), and thirty-two elements were quantified using k₀-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (k₀-INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). High levels of essential macroelements were found, including potassium (22,953 ± 608 mg·kg⁻¹), calcium (14,539 ± 612 mg·kg⁻¹), magnesium, phosphorus, and chloride. Trace amounts of rare earth elements and toxic metals were also detected, such as cadmium (0.041 ± 0.002 mg·kg⁻¹) and lead (1.005 ± 0.02 mg·kg⁻¹). Health risk assessment was conducted by calculating Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). Iron, manganese, zinc, and copper showed the highest EDI values. All THQ values and the total HI were below 1, indicating minimal non-carcinogenic risk. Overall, <em>O. elongatum</em> appears to be a rich source of essential minerals with low levels of toxic elements, supporting its safe use in traditional and functional food applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108954
Mingyan Chi , Shuai Yang , Zuying Zhou , Maochen Wei , Min Zhang , Jia Sun , Yueting Li , Chunhua Liu , Yong Huang , Lin Zheng
Colla corii asini (CCA), also called Ejiao, is a protein-rich, healthy food prepared from the dried or fresh skins of donkeys with high nutritional and medicinal value. Therefore, identifying CCA and its non-donkey adulterating ingredients is of great significance. In this study, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry proteomics technology combined with bioinformatics was used to discover the specific peptide biomarkers in CCA and its non-donkey adulterating ingredients (sheep, horse, pig, camel, and cattle). A total of nine specific peptide biomarkers (one from CCA; one each from horse and pig skin gelatin; and two each from sheep, camel, and cow skin gelatin) with good signal responses were screened. After synthesizing these nine specific peptide biomarkers, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) multireaction monitoring (MRM) analysis method was established and the limits of specific peptide biomarkers of non-donkey adulterating ingredients content in CCA were proposed. This study established a rapid, simple, highly sensitive, and specific method for the authenticity certification and quality assessment of CCA, ensuring product quality and safety. The method enables identification of specific peptide biomarkers in ass hide glue while simultaneously detecting five adulterated ingredients: sheep, horse, pig, camel, and cattle skins.
{"title":"Species-specific identification of Colla corii asini and its non-donkey adulterating ingredients based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry proteomics","authors":"Mingyan Chi , Shuai Yang , Zuying Zhou , Maochen Wei , Min Zhang , Jia Sun , Yueting Li , Chunhua Liu , Yong Huang , Lin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Colla corii asini</em> (CCA), also called Ejiao, is a protein-rich, healthy food prepared from the dried or fresh skins of donkeys with high nutritional and medicinal value. Therefore, identifying CCA and its non-donkey adulterating ingredients is of great significance. In this study, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry proteomics technology combined with bioinformatics was used to discover the specific peptide biomarkers in CCA and its non-donkey adulterating ingredients (sheep, horse, pig, camel, and cattle). A total of nine specific peptide biomarkers (one from CCA; one each from horse and pig skin gelatin; and two each from sheep, camel, and cow skin gelatin) with good signal responses were screened. After synthesizing these nine specific peptide biomarkers, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) multireaction monitoring (MRM) analysis method was established and the limits of specific peptide biomarkers of non-donkey adulterating ingredients content in CCA were proposed. This study established a rapid, simple, highly sensitive, and specific method for the authenticity certification and quality assessment of CCA, ensuring product quality and safety. The method enables identification of specific peptide biomarkers in ass hide glue while simultaneously detecting five adulterated ingredients: sheep, horse, pig, camel, and cattle skins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108951
Irene Locatelli , Silvia Grassi , Alessandro Grassi , Giulia Gorla , José Manuel Amigo
This study evaluates the feasibility of detecting and monitoring occurrence and progression of low-force mechanical damage in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging combined with surface texture analysis and multivariate classification. Previous studies have applied HSI for bruise detection but often used unrealistically high impact forces, limiting relevance to real-world handling conditions. ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit were subjected to controlled impact forces of very low intensity (23.4 N and 46.8 N) to simulate realistic damage and stored at 25 ± 1 °C for five days. Hyperspectral data were acquired using a short-wave infrared camera (960–2500 nm) at different sampling times. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce data dimensionality, and surface texture features extracted from PCA score images accounted for fruit shape and surface characteristics. A Partial Least Squares – Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model classified damaged versus healthy tissue, achieving an overall accuracy of 94.7 % across hyperspectral images. Changes in damaged pixels allowed an indirect evaluation of progressive tissue degradation.
Results showed a high detection of damaged (invisible to naked eye) and healthy tissue, demonstrating the efficiency of the methodology in preventing fruits affected by realistic damage from entering the fresh market while facilitating their use in alternative applications.
{"title":"Detection of kiwifruit low-force early bruise by combining surface textural parameters and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging","authors":"Irene Locatelli , Silvia Grassi , Alessandro Grassi , Giulia Gorla , José Manuel Amigo","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the feasibility of detecting and monitoring occurrence and progression of low-force mechanical damage in kiwifruit (<em>Actinidia deliciosa</em>) using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging combined with surface texture analysis and multivariate classification. Previous studies have applied HSI for bruise detection but often used unrealistically high impact forces, limiting relevance to real-world handling conditions. ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit were subjected to controlled impact forces of very low intensity (23.4 N and 46.8 N) to simulate realistic damage and stored at 25 ± 1 °C for five days. Hyperspectral data were acquired using a short-wave infrared camera (960–2500 nm) at different sampling times. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce data dimensionality, and surface texture features extracted from PCA score images accounted for fruit shape and surface characteristics. A Partial Least Squares – Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model classified damaged versus healthy tissue, achieving an overall accuracy of 94.7 % across hyperspectral images. Changes in damaged pixels allowed an indirect evaluation of progressive tissue degradation.</div><div>Results showed a high detection of damaged (invisible to naked eye) and healthy tissue, demonstrating the efficiency of the methodology in preventing fruits affected by realistic damage from entering the fresh market while facilitating their use in alternative applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108952
Seçkin Fesliyan , Adil Elik , Gökhan Güven Batır , Nail Altunay
This article describes in detail the elements of a magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid liquid microextraction (MDES-VA-LLME) procedure for the extraction and quantification of 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI) from food and beverage matrices. Phase separation was achieved with a strong magnet. The MDES-VA-LLME procedure does not include additional experimental steps such as heating or centrifugation to ensure phase separation. Therefore, the procedure enables the rapid and low-cost extraction of 4-MeI. Optimization step was carried out using the Box–Behnken design. The MDES-VA-LLME was linear between 25 and 900 µg L−1 (R2 = 0.9921). Relative standard deviations of the presented procedure were acceptable for intraday (1.2–1.8 %, N = 5) and interday (1.6–2.3 %, N = 5 ×3) studies, with a low detection limit (7.4 µg L−1) and satisfactory relative recovery (92.5–98.1 %). The accuracy of the MDES-VA-LLME procedure was compared with the reference method. In the final stage, the MDES-VA-LLME procedure was successfully applied to different in food and beverage matrices.
{"title":"Magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid liquid microextraction method for rapid determination of 4-methylimidazole in food and beverage matrices: Multivariate approach","authors":"Seçkin Fesliyan , Adil Elik , Gökhan Güven Batır , Nail Altunay","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes in detail the elements of a magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid liquid microextraction (MDES-VA-LLME) procedure for the extraction and quantification of 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI) from food and beverage matrices. Phase separation was achieved with a strong magnet. The MDES-VA-LLME procedure does not include additional experimental steps such as heating or centrifugation to ensure phase separation. Therefore, the procedure enables the rapid and low-cost extraction of 4-MeI. Optimization step was carried out using the Box–Behnken design. The MDES-VA-LLME was linear between 25 and 900 µg L<sup>−1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9921). Relative standard deviations of the presented procedure were acceptable for intraday (1.2–1.8 %, N = 5) and interday (1.6–2.3 %, N = 5 ×3) studies, with a low detection limit (7.4 µg L<sup>−1</sup>) and satisfactory relative recovery (92.5–98.1 %). The accuracy of the MDES-VA-LLME procedure was compared with the reference method. In the final stage, the MDES-VA-LLME procedure was successfully applied to different in food and beverage matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108943
Tiefeng Yuan , Linzhou Chen , Sisi Quan , Jinjian Zhong , Liping Wang , Huajun Fan , Chen Lin
A novel approach for the determination of six fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) in infant formula was developed by ultra-performance convergence chromatography hyphenated with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (UPC2-APCI-MS/MS) in combination with microwave-assisted saponification (MAS) and ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis (UAE). MAS and UAE processes were optimized by investigating key factors such as alkali dosage, reaction temperature and time, extractant type and volume prior to UPC2-APCI-MS/MS analysis. Under the optimized conditions, MAS achieved recovery rates of 96.84 −102.6 % for vitamins A, D2, D3 and E, while UAE provided those of 99.85 % and 97.93 % for vitamins K1 and K2, respectively. MAS and UAE pretreatments significantly reduced saponification and enzymolysis times. Using supercritical CO2 with methanol-isopropanol (2:3, v/v) as the mobile phase, UPC2-APCI-MS/MS method was established by optimizing chromatographic and APCI-MS/MS conditions. The FSVs exhibited good linearity in the range of 10.0 −1000.0 μg/L (R2≥0.9975), with LODs and LOQs ranging from 1.5 −10.0 μg/L and 5.0 −35.0 μg/L, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 96.85 % to 106.4 % with intra-day and inter-day precisions of 1.22 −5.49 % and 1.94 −12.5 %, respectively. The combination of UPC2-APCI-MS/MS with MAS and UAE was successfully applied to determine FSVs in actual samples, proving to be a rapid and efficient alternative for quality control of infant formula.
{"title":"Development and validation of microwave-assisted saponification and ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis for UPC2-APCI-MS/MS detection of several fat-soluble vitamins in infant formula","authors":"Tiefeng Yuan , Linzhou Chen , Sisi Quan , Jinjian Zhong , Liping Wang , Huajun Fan , Chen Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel approach for the determination of six fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) in infant formula was developed by ultra-performance convergence chromatography hyphenated with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (UPC<sup>2</sup>-APCI-MS/MS) in combination with microwave-assisted saponification (MAS) and ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis (UAE). MAS and UAE processes were optimized by investigating key factors such as alkali dosage, reaction temperature and time, extractant type and volume prior to UPC<sup>2</sup>-APCI-MS/MS analysis. Under the optimized conditions, MAS achieved recovery rates of 96.84 −102.6 % for vitamins A, D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>3</sub> and E, while UAE provided those of 99.85 % and 97.93 % for vitamins K<sub>1</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>, respectively. MAS and UAE pretreatments significantly reduced saponification and enzymolysis times. Using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> with methanol-isopropanol (2:3, v/v) as the mobile phase, UPC<sup>2</sup>-APCI-MS/MS method was established by optimizing chromatographic and APCI-MS/MS conditions. The FSVs exhibited good linearity in the range of 10.0 −1000.0 μg/L (R<sup>2</sup>≥0.9975), with LODs and LOQs ranging from 1.5 −10.0 μg/L and 5.0 −35.0 μg/L, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 96.85 % to 106.4 % with intra-day and inter-day precisions of 1.22 −5.49 % and 1.94 −12.5 %, respectively. The combination of UPC<sup>2</sup>-APCI-MS/MS with MAS and UAE was successfully applied to determine FSVs in actual samples, proving to be a rapid and efficient alternative for quality control of infant formula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tracking and regulation of alkylpyrazines (APZ) in Sauce-aroma Baijiu (SSAB) are crucial, as these chemicals significantly influence its distinctive flavor character. However, current research has lacked systematic tracking of APZ across regions and brewing processes. This study developed a highly sensitive and accurate HPLC-FLD method to simultaneously quantify 13 APZ in SSAB and analyzed Baijiu samples across multiple dimensions. A systematic regional analysis indicated significant ( p < 0.01) variations in APZ concentration, with Guizhou exhibiting the highest average level (29.498 ± 7.511 mg/L), followed by Sichuan, Fujian, and Heilongjiang, driven by meteorological circumstances, environmental quality, and microbial community composition. Further investigation into the formation patterns of APZ during SSAB fermentation showed that peak accumulation occurred in the sixth (28.607 ± 0.952 mg/L) brewing rounds. Kinetic simulation of the aging process demonstrated that the majority of APZ adhere to first-order kinetics. Total APZ demonstrated polynomial development that decelerated after three years, due to precursor depletion, heightened acidity, and competitive responses. These findings underscore the critical roles of raw materials, microbial ecology, and process parameters in shaping the flavor characteristics of SSAB. This study elucidates the transformation behavior of APZ during brewing and its underlying mechanisms, guiding process control and aging optimization of SSAB.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution and mechanistic drivers of alkylpyrazines in Sauce-aroma Baijiu: From brewing to aging","authors":"Longyuan Lin , Ziying Ruan , Hui Xu , Jianyu Huang , Dengmi Wang , Qihe Chen , Peichao Zhang , Jicheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tracking and regulation of alkylpyrazines (APZ) in Sauce-aroma Baijiu (SSAB) are crucial, as these chemicals significantly influence its distinctive flavor character. However, current research has lacked systematic tracking of APZ across regions and brewing processes. This study developed a highly sensitive and accurate HPLC-FLD method to simultaneously quantify 13 APZ in SSAB and analyzed Baijiu samples across multiple dimensions. A systematic regional analysis indicated significant ( <em>p</em> < 0.01) variations in APZ concentration, with Guizhou exhibiting the highest average level (29.498 ± 7.511 mg/L), followed by Sichuan, Fujian, and Heilongjiang, driven by meteorological circumstances, environmental quality, and microbial community composition. Further investigation into the formation patterns of APZ during SSAB fermentation showed that peak accumulation occurred in the sixth (28.607 ± 0.952 mg/L) brewing rounds. Kinetic simulation of the aging process demonstrated that the majority of APZ adhere to first-order kinetics. Total APZ demonstrated polynomial development that decelerated after three years, due to precursor depletion, heightened acidity, and competitive responses. These findings underscore the critical roles of raw materials, microbial ecology, and process parameters in shaping the flavor characteristics of SSAB. This study elucidates the transformation behavior of APZ during brewing and its underlying mechanisms, guiding process control and aging optimization of SSAB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108940
Xiuqing Gao , Sheng Li , Linyu Mu , Tianyu Hou , Zhijun Zhang , Huizhen Li
Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) is an economically significant oilseed crop valued for its high α-linolenic acid (ALA) content and nutritional properties. Optimizing genotype selection is crucial for improving oil yield and nutritional quality in diverse environments. This study evaluated morphological and biochemical variation of three perilla cultivars (Bing Zisu 1, Zhongbei Zisu 3 and Zhongbei Zisu 4) and hypothesized that genotype, year, and location significantly influence these traits, revealing distinct genotype-specific advantages. Field trials were conducted over two years (2022 and 2024) across five open-field locations in Shanxi Province, China. Significant genotypic differences were observed. Zhongbei Zisu 4 exhibited late flowering and maturity, highest 1000 grain weight (3.66 g), protein (26.53 g/100 g), and oil (38.93 g/100 g) with low fiber (12.03 %). Zhongbei Zisu 3 showed overall superior morphology and the highest ALA content (65.16 %), while Bing Zisu 1 had the highest oleic acid content (22.12 %) and crude fiber (15.8 %). Planting year and location significantly (p < 0.05) affected most morphological traits, with a 21.86 % grain yield increase in 2024 compared to 2022. Grain yield positively correlated with several morphological and biochemical traits. Distinct genotype-specific strengths were identified, providing a foundation knowledge for targeted breeding and selection strategies.
{"title":"Morphological, biochemical and fatty acid variations of three perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) cultivars under open-field conditions in Northern China","authors":"Xiuqing Gao , Sheng Li , Linyu Mu , Tianyu Hou , Zhijun Zhang , Huizhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perilla (<em>Perilla frutescens</em> L.) is an economically significant oilseed crop valued for its high α-linolenic acid (ALA) content and nutritional properties. Optimizing genotype selection is crucial for improving oil yield and nutritional quality in diverse environments. This study evaluated morphological and biochemical variation of three perilla cultivars (Bing Zisu 1, Zhongbei Zisu 3 and Zhongbei Zisu 4) and hypothesized that genotype, year, and location significantly influence these traits, revealing distinct genotype-specific advantages. Field trials were conducted over two years (2022 and 2024) across five open-field locations in Shanxi Province, China. Significant genotypic differences were observed. Zhongbei Zisu 4 exhibited late flowering and maturity, highest 1000 grain weight (3.66 g), protein (26.53 g/100 g), and oil (38.93 g/100 g) with low fiber (12.03 %). Zhongbei Zisu 3 showed overall superior morphology and the highest ALA content (65.16 %), while Bing Zisu 1 had the highest oleic acid content (22.12 %) and crude fiber (15.8 %). Planting year and location significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05) affected most morphological traits, with a 21.86 % grain yield increase in 2024 compared to 2022. Grain yield positively correlated with several morphological and biochemical traits. Distinct genotype-specific strengths were identified, providing a foundation knowledge for targeted breeding and selection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108931
Ricardo Benítez Benítez , Andrés Felipe Ahumada Mamiam , Rodrigo Sarria Villa
This study examined how pearling intensity and cultivation altitude jointly influence the nutritional composition, in vitro protein digestibility, and saponin content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) produced at 2000, 2500, and 3000 m a.s.l. in Colombia. Grains were subjected to four abrasion levels (0 %, 10 %, 30 %, and 50 %), and their proximate composition, amino acid profile, vitamin content, saponin concentration, and protein digestibility were determined. The antimicrobial activity of pearling residues was also assessed. Pearling at ≥ 30 % decreased saponin content to < 0.11 %, meeting safety requirements for human consumption and increasing protein digestibility by 11.56 %. However, this treatment also led to substantial reductions in fat, fiber, ash, vitamins, and essential amino acids. Although altitude significantly affected several nutritional attributes, it had no measurable impact on saponin levels. Pearling residues exhibited antimicrobial activity, indicating their potential as bioactive byproducts. Overall, moderate pearling effectively enhances quinoa digestibility and reduces antinutritional compounds while generating residues with possible applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors.
{"title":"Effect of pearling and altitude on quinoa grain composition and protein digestibility","authors":"Ricardo Benítez Benítez , Andrés Felipe Ahumada Mamiam , Rodrigo Sarria Villa","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined how pearling intensity and cultivation altitude jointly influence the nutritional composition, in vitro protein digestibility, and saponin content of quinoa (<em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> Willd.) produced at 2000, 2500, and 3000 m a.s.l. in Colombia. Grains were subjected to four abrasion levels (0 %, 10 %, 30 %, and 50 %), and their proximate composition, amino acid profile, vitamin content, saponin concentration, and protein digestibility were determined. The antimicrobial activity of pearling residues was also assessed. Pearling at ≥ 30 % decreased saponin content to < 0.11 %, meeting safety requirements for human consumption and increasing protein digestibility by 11.56 %. However, this treatment also led to substantial reductions in fat, fiber, ash, vitamins, and essential amino acids. Although altitude significantly affected several nutritional attributes, it had no measurable impact on saponin levels. Pearling residues exhibited antimicrobial activity, indicating their potential as bioactive byproducts. Overall, moderate pearling effectively enhances quinoa digestibility and reduces antinutritional compounds while generating residues with possible applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号