Journal of Food Composition and Analysis最新文献_第2页

Research progress of HPLC detection and analysis of ginseng rare saponins 高效液相色谱法检测分析人参稀有皂苷的研究进展

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106960

Lizhen Lin, Shiyu Liu, Yuqing Zhao

Panax has a long history as a traditional Chinese medicine, and has many pharmacological activities such as tonifying, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. In addition, the use of ginseng is gradually shifting from traditional medicine to food. Saponins are the effective components of ginseng plants, but because of their low content and the growing environment of ginseng plants getting worse, it is difficult to meet the use requirements. The variety, cultivation, producing area, harvest time, and other factors of Panax are very important to the quality of Panax saponins. In addition, rare saponins with low natural abundance can be produced by deglycosylation or side chain modification through physical and chemical processing or biotransformation. Most importantly, compared with the prototype saponins, they show strong biological activity, which leads to the research and development of ginseng and rare ginsenoside-related nutritional health products and natural products being highly concerned. Therefore, this paper summarizes the latest progress in the structural diversity, transformation routes, processed products of Ginseng plants from different places and years, and synchronous detection methods of rare saponins with different transformation methods, to provide the reference for the rapid discovery, quality control, and further development and utilization of rare saponins products.

三七作为一种传统中药，历史悠久，具有补气、消炎、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。此外，人参的使用正逐渐从传统药物转向食品。皂甙是人参植物的有效成分，但由于含量较低，加上人参植物的生长环境越来越差，很难满足使用要求。三七的品种、栽培、产地、采收时间等因素对三七皂苷的质量非常重要。此外，天然含量较低的稀有皂苷还可以通过物理、化学加工或生物转化等方法进行脱糖基化或侧链修饰生产。最重要的是，与原型皂苷相比，它们表现出很强的生物活性，因此人参及稀有人参皂苷相关营养保健品和天然产物的研究与开发备受关注。因此，本文总结了不同地域、不同年份人参植物稀有皂苷的结构多样性、转化途径、加工产品以及不同转化方法同步检测方法等方面的最新进展，为稀有皂苷产品的快速发现、质量控制和进一步开发利用提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress on the application of magnetophoretic separation technology in detection of food quality 磁泳分离技术在食品质量检测中的应用研究进展

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106922

Zhongshi Zhu , Jinrui Yang , Peishuai Tong , Chen Niu , Naseer Ahmad , Lei Zhang , Hao Yuan , Yuxuan Song

Food safety problems endanger human health; thus, food quality detection is crucial to avoid health threats. Magnetophoretic separation has shown great potential application in food detection because of its advantages of simple and fast operation and high efficiency. Therefore, this paper reviews the development and methods of magnetophoretic separation in the past 30 years. It introduces the size, types, and modification methods of magnetic beads and focuses on the magnetophoretic separation applications combined with various biosensors or other methods in food quality detection. The leading research directions in magnetophoretic separation are analyzed by bibliometrics. Finally, the development trends of magnetophoretic separation are prospected. The paper can help readers understand the positive influence of magnetophoretic separation in food quality detection.

食品安全问题危害人类健康，因此，食品质量检测对于避免健康威胁至关重要。磁泳分离法因其操作简单、快速、高效等优点，在食品检测中显示出巨大的应用潜力。因此，本文回顾了过去 30 年磁泳分离的发展和方法。本文介绍了磁珠的大小、类型和改性方法，并重点探讨了磁泳分离与各种生物传感器或其他方法相结合在食品质量检测中的应用。通过文献计量学分析了磁泳分离的主要研究方向。最后，对磁分离的发展趋势进行了展望。本文有助于读者了解磁分离在食品质量检测中的积极影响。

引用次数: 0

Intra-regional classification and quality evaluation of honey from Mendoza (Argentina) based on multi-elemental analysis and chemometrics 基于多元素分析和化学计量学的门多萨（阿根廷）蜂蜜区域内分类和质量评估

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106958

Brenda V. Canizo , Ana Laura Diedrichs , Emiliano F. Fiorentini , Lucila Brusa , Mirna Sigrist , Juan M. Juricich , Roberto G. Pellerano , Rodolfo G. Wuilloud

Multi-elemental analysis of honey samples from Mendoza (Argentina) was performed with the aim of developing a reliable method for tracing honey provenance. The concentrations of twenty-six elements (Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg and Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), considering the most abundant isotopes. Subsequently, a comparative machine learning approach for classiﬁcation and for variable selection was applied to evaluate the possibility of using them as relevant markers to predict the region where honey was produced. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of decision tree classifiers, such as Random Forest (RF), C5.0, recursive partitioning (rpart) and conditional inference tree (ctree), as simple and agile chemometric tools for honey origin identiﬁcation. Moreover, the variable selection tools reduced the elemental data matrix to only six elements (Co, Sr, Zn, Na, Rb and Li) which were identified as the most important for predicting honey origin.

对门多萨（阿根廷）的蜂蜜样本进行了多元素分析，目的是开发一种可靠的方法来追踪蜂蜜的来源。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了 26 种元素（锂、钠、镁、铝、钙、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、铷、锶、钼、钯、银、镉、锡、锑、汞和铅）的浓度，并考虑了最丰富的同位素。随后，采用比较机器学习方法进行分类和变量选择，以评估将其作为相关标记来预测蜂蜜产地的可能性。我们的研究结果清楚地表明了决策树分类器的潜力，如随机森林（RF）、C5.0、递归分区（rpart）和条件推理树（ctree），它们都是简单而灵活的化学计量学工具，可用于蜂蜜产地鉴定。此外，变量选择工具将元素数据矩阵减少到仅六种元素（Co、Sr、Zn、Na、Rb 和 Li），这六种元素被确定为预测蜂蜜产地最重要的元素。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of methanolysis products from plasmalogenic lipids in horse muscle tissue 马肌肉组织质脂甲醇分解产物的特征

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106927

Lorea R. Beldarrain , Xabier Belaunzaran , Miguel Angel Sentandreu , John K.G. Kramer , Noelia Aldai

Muscle tissue is known to contain plasmalogenic lipids. Traditional methodologies for the analysis of lipids in muscle consists of methanolysis followed by gas chromatography (GC). The resultant dimethylacetals (DMA) are difficult to resolve because of extensive overlap with fatty acid methyl esters. In this study a new two-step procedure was applied to isolate DMAs from FAMEs from methanolysed horse muscle lipids (n=48) after saponification and solvent partitioning. Both total and isolated DMAs were analysed by GC and the extent of overlap was evident. The total methylated mixture was also analyzed using GC with online reduction (GC-OR x GC) which confirmed the identity of the FAME, DMA and aldehyde products. The DMA content in horse muscle tissue was found to be 55.7 mg DMAs in 100 g of meat, or 3.10 % of total lipids. The saturates 16:0 and 18:0 were the predominant DMA isomers, and 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 DMA were identified in this tissue. Samples with a higher (> 3 g/100 g of meat) intramuscular fat (IM) content showed a lower (p ≤ 0.05) absolute content of the DMAs compared to samples with lower IM fat content (15.3 vs 29.3 mg/g of fat, respectively).

众所周知，肌肉组织中含有质源脂质。分析肌肉中脂质的传统方法包括甲醇分解和气相色谱法（GC）。由于二甲基乙醛（DMA）与脂肪酸甲酯有大量重叠，因此很难分辨。本研究采用了一种新的两步法，在皂化和溶剂分配之后，从甲醇化马肌肉脂质（n=48）的脂肪酸甲酯中分离出 DMA。总 DMAs 和分离出的 DMAs 都通过气相色谱进行了分析，其重叠程度非常明显。总甲基化混合物也用在线还原气相色谱（GC-OR x GC）进行了分析，确认了 FAME、DMA 和醛产物的特性。研究发现，马肌肉组织中的 DMA 含量为每 100 克肉中含有 55.7 毫克 DMA，占脂类总量的 3.10%。饱和脂肪酸 16:0 和 18:0 是主要的 DMA 异构体，此外还发现了 18:3n-3 和 18:2n-6 DMA。肌肉内脂肪（IM）含量较高（> 3 g/100 g 肉）的样本与 IM 脂肪含量较低的样本相比，DMA 绝对含量较低（p ≤ 0.05）（分别为 15.3 vs 29.3 mg/g 脂肪）。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive honey analysis: A novel HPLC-DAD method for hydroxymethylfurfural quantification and quality evaluation via diastase activity and sugar profile determination 蜂蜜综合分析：一种新型 HPLC-DAD 方法，用于羟甲基糠醛的定量分析，并通过测定弹性蛋白酶活性和糖度曲线进行质量评估

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106925

Daniela Lupu , Mohamad Subhi Sammani , Edwin Palacio , Gabriel Hancu , Laura Ferrer

Ensuring the authenticity and quality of honey is essential to safeguarding consumer health and combating food fraud. The primary analyses for honey quality involve determining diastase activity (DA), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and carbohydrate composition. A new high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed, for the precise quantification of HMF, a key marker of honey quality and degradation. Utilizing a Phenomenex Kinetex RP-18 column (5 µm, 150 × 4.6 mm i.d.), with a mobile phase containing water and methanol (95:5, v/v) in gradient mode, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detection at 284 nm, the method achieved rapid and efficient separation within 10 minutes, with a low detection limit of 0.03 mg L⁻¹, and demonstrated good linearity, precision and recovery rates. The carbohydrate composition of honey, specifically glucose, fructose, saccharose, and maltose, was analysed using a HPLC with refractive index detection (HPLC-RI) method, using a Phenomenex Luna Omega Sugar column (3 µm, 250 ×4.6 mm i.d.), with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (85:15, v/v). This analytical protocol, incorporating the quantification of maltose, a critical yet often overlooked sugar, significantly bolsters the standard evaluation framework for honey authenticity. DA, a crucial enzymatic indicator, was assessed via the Schade method, providing additional insights into the enzymatic integrity and freshness of the honey samples. The methods were applied to analyse 65 commercial Spanish honey samples, revealing significant compliance with EU regulatory standards, yet also uncovering situations of potential adulteration. This research adds to the ongoing discussions on food safety by offering improved and dependable techniques for thoroughly assessing honey samples.

确保蜂蜜的真实性和质量对保障消费者健康和打击食品欺诈至关重要。对蜂蜜质量的主要分析包括测定弹性蛋白酶活性（DA）、5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）和碳水化合物成分。我们开发了一种新型高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）方法，用于精确定量检测蜂蜜质量和降解的关键指标--HMF。该方法采用Phenomenex Kinetex RP-18色谱柱（5 µm，150×4.6 mm i.d.），以水和甲醇（95:5, v/v）为流动相进行梯度洗脱，流速为1 mL/min，紫外检测波长为284 nm。采用高效液相色谱-折光检测法（HPLC-RI）分析了蜂蜜中的碳水化合物成分，特别是葡萄糖、果糖、糖和麦芽糖，使用的色谱柱为 Phenomenex Luna Omega Sugar（3 µm，250 ×4.6 mm i.d.），流动相为乙腈和水（85:15, v/v）。该分析方案结合了麦芽糖（一种重要但经常被忽视的糖类）的定量分析，大大加强了蜂蜜真实性的标准评估框架。DA是一种重要的酶指标，通过 Schade 方法进行评估，可进一步了解蜂蜜样品的酶完整性和新鲜度。这些方法被用于分析 65 个西班牙商业蜂蜜样本，结果显示这些样本明显符合欧盟监管标准，但也发现了潜在的掺假情况。这项研究为彻底评估蜂蜜样本提供了改进的可靠技术，为正在进行的食品安全讨论增添了新的内容。

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引用次数: 0

A portable LED-induced fluorescence system for quantitative detection of different kinds of vegetable oil adulteration 用于定量检测各种植物油掺假的便携式 LED 诱导荧光系统

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106934

QingHua Liu , Yifan Zhang , Meifeng Wu , Minmin Li , Litao Tong , Huihui Yang , Bei Fan , Jun Liu , Fengzhong Wang , Long Li

This study developed a portable LED-induced fluorescence detection system for quantitative detection of various vegetable oil adulteration. Eight common vegetable oils and 14 different adulterated samples with adulteration concentrations ranging from 0 % to 50 % were prepared. Before quantitative analysis, different classification models were established for the determination of types of adulteration oil. The overall recognition accuracy was greater than 98 %. Furthermore, with a simple calculation, the proposed normalized spectral ratio (NSR) preprocessing method was used to eliminate the light scattering effects in the raw fluorescence spectra. In addition, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) method was used to select characteristic wavelengths. The final oil adulteration quantitative analysis model was NSR_CARS+PLS. The range of correlation coefficient (Rp) and root-mean-square-error (RMSEP) for the prediction datasets were 0.9548–0.9974 and 1.0265 %-5.0236 %, respectively.

本研究开发了一种用于定量检测各种植物油掺假的便携式 LED 诱导荧光检测系统。研究人员制备了 8 种常见植物油和 14 种不同的掺假样品，掺假浓度从 0 % 到 50 % 不等。在定量分析之前，建立了不同的分类模型来确定掺假油的类型。总体识别准确率超过 98%。此外，通过简单的计算，利用提出的归一化光谱比（NSR）预处理方法消除了原始荧光光谱中的光散射效应。此外，还使用了竞争性自适应加权采样（CARS）方法来选择特征波长。最终的油品掺假定量分析模型为 NSR_CARS+PLS。预测数据集的相关系数（Rp）和均方根误差（RMSEP）范围分别为 0.9548-0.9974 和 1.0265 %-5.0236 %。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of matrix on the aroma sensorial expression of Osmanthus fragrans in Kuei Hua Chen Chiew 基质对桂花陈醋香气感官表达的影响

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106945

Yining Sun , Lei Zhang , Cuiping Liu , Yongfeng Yang , Zichen Wang , Hao Song , Jingming Li

To develop a low-alcohol, low-sugar Kuei Hua Chen Chiew (KHCs) without compromising its flavor profile, it is essential to investigate the impact of matrix substances in wine on the overall aroma and taste of KHCs. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and food sensory evaluation methods were used to identify the key aromatic components related to the aroma characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans. Ten specific compounds were found to significantly influence the fragrance profile of O. fragrans. Sensory analysis further identified four primary aroma attributes of O. fragrans: floral, fruity, sweet, and herbal notes. Simulated KHCs solutions were prepared to examine the effects of sugar and ethanol on osmanthus aroma and related compounds. Increased sugar content enhanced floral, fruity, and sweet aromas in the system, while ethanol addition intensified herbal notes and associated volatile compounds.

为了在不影响桂花陈酿风味的前提下开发低酒度、低糖分的桂花陈酿，有必要研究酒中基质物质对桂花陈酿整体香气和口感的影响。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱法和食品感官评价法来确定与桂花香特征相关的主要芳香成分。研究发现，十种特定化合物对桂花的香气特征有显著影响。感官分析进一步确定了桂花的四种主要芳香属性：花香、果香、甜香和草本香。制备了模拟 KHCs 溶液，以研究糖和乙醇对桂花香气及相关化合物的影响。糖含量的增加增强了系统中的花香、果香和甜香，而乙醇的添加则强化了草本香味和相关的挥发性化合物。

引用次数: 0

Comparative study on growth performance and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis between Liaohe River strain and Yangtze River strain under rice field culture environment 辽河品系和长江品系中华鹅膏菌在稻田养殖环境下的生长性能和营养质量比较研究

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106942

Baoyuan Zhang , Yuelin Hou , Rui Zhu , Wenjin Wang , Hongjian Liu , Zhinan Yang , Min Wu , Qiuju Wang

This study investigated the similarities and differences in catch rates, growth performance, proximate composition, amino acid content, and fatty acid profiles between the Yangtze River crab and the Liaohe River crab in rice aquaculture systems in northern China. A three-month culture experiment was conducted for the Yangtze River crab and the Liaohe River crab in a rice located at longitude 124.82° and latitude 43.50°. The results revealed that Liaohe River crab had higher catch rate and faster growth rates than Yangtze River crab, and the female crab had earlier ovaries. The edible tissues of Liaohe River crabs contain higher crude protein and fat contents, featuring a more reasonable amino acid composition and structure. Meanwhile, the gonads of male and female Yangtze River crabs had higher PUFA content. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the Liaohe River crab demonstrated a significant growth advantage.

本研究探讨了长江蟹和辽河蟹在中国北方稻田养殖系统中的捕获率、生长性能、近似物组成、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸谱的异同。在位于东经 124.82°、北纬 43.50°的稻田中，对长江蟹和辽河蟹进行了为期三个月的养殖试验。结果表明，辽河蟹的捕获率和生长速度均高于长江蟹，且雌蟹卵巢发育较早。辽河蟹可食组织中粗蛋白和脂肪含量较高，氨基酸组成和结构更合理。同时，雌雄长江蟹性腺中的 PUFA 含量较高。总之，在本实验条件下，辽河蟹表现出明显的生长优势。

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引用次数: 0

A facile and selective resonance Rayleigh scattering method for trace Sudan Red III with magnetic nanosurface molecularly imprinted polymethacrylic acid probe 一种利用磁性纳米表面分子印迹聚甲基丙烯酸探针痕量苏丹红 III 的简便、选择性共振瑞利散射方法

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106935

Junqi He , Youjun Zhang , Haoying Huang , Aihui Liang

In this article, using magnetic iron tetraoxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) as the nanosubstrate, Sudan red III (SRIII) as the template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol di-methacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, a new bifunctional magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer nanoprobe (Fe₃O₄@MIP) with both recognition function and enrichment function was prepared by the microwave irradiation procedure. The probe was characterized by molecular spectra, electron microscopy, energy spectroscopy and specific surface areas. The probe exhibits a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 370 nm, the RRS energy transfer (RRS-ET) effect was enhanced with the increase of SRIII concentration, and the RRS intensity at 370 nm was decreased linearly. Accordingly, a new RRS-ET method was developed for the sensitive and selective determination of 0.05–1 nmol/L SRIII, with a detection limit of 0.017 nmol/L. The recoveries were in the range of 93.1∼106 % with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the range of 3.14∼8.37 % for the real samples. The enrichment ratio of Fe₃O₄@MIP probefor SRIII was 100 by means of the magnetic separation.

本文以磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子（Fe3O4）为纳米基底，苏丹红 III（SRIII）为模板分子，甲基丙烯酸（MAA）为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EGDMA）为交联剂，以 2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂，制备了一种新型双功能磁性表面分子印迹聚合物纳米探针（Fe3O4）、以甲基丙烯酸（MAA）为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EGDMA）为交联剂，2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂，采用微波辐照法制备了一种具有识别功能和富集功能的新型双功能磁性表面分子印迹聚合物纳米探针（Fe3O4@MIP）。通过分子光谱、电子显微镜、能谱和比表面积对该探针进行了表征。探针在 370 nm 处出现共振瑞利散射（RRS）峰，随着 SRIII 浓度的增加，RRS 能量转移（RRS-ET）效应增强，370 nm 处的 RRS 强度呈线性下降。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好，检出限为0.017 nmol/L。实际样品的回收率为93.1∼106 %，相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.14∼8.37 %。通过磁分离，SRIII 的 Fe3O4@MIP 探针富集率为 100。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of oil body microstructure, accumulation level and chemical composition in walnut fruit during growth 核桃果实生长过程中油体微观结构、积累水平和化学成分的表征

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106917

Kaiyang Zhu , Ji Ma , Shuqi Hao , Ting Zhang , Hongjie Lei , Wenge Zhao , Huaide Xu , Mei Li

Oil body (OB) is composed of phospholipids, proteins and neutral lipids. However, the changes of these components in walnut OB (WOB) during walnut growth have not been studied. In this paper, CLSM, TEM and LC-MS/MS were used to observe and quantify the microstructure, accumulation level and biochemical composition of WOB during the growth of walnut (Wen 185 cultivar). The results showed that WOB accumulated near the cell wall on day 60 and then toward the center of cell until it occupied the entire cell on day 88. Afterwards, the WOB began to grow and fuse. Analysis of the chemical composition of WOB indicated that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine and oleosins, caleosins, and steroleosins made up the WOB membrane. The core of the WOB consisted of 22 free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol, diglyceride, triglyceride. Phosphatidylcholine, triglyceride and oleosin contents continued to increase. The contents of phosphatidylglycerol, unsaturated fatty acids, caleosins and steroleosins continued to decline. The content of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine remained basically unchanged. These findings provided a basis for understanding the dynamic pattern of WOB bioaccumulation in walnut kernel at different developmental stages.

油体（OB）由磷脂、蛋白质和中性脂质组成。然而，核桃油体（WOB）中这些成分在核桃生长过程中的变化尚未得到研究。本文采用 CLSM、TEM 和 LC-MS/MS 对核桃（Wen 185 栽培品种）生长过程中 WOB 的微观结构、积累水平和生化成分进行了观察和定量。结果表明，WOB 在第 60 天时在细胞壁附近积聚，然后向细胞中心积聚，直到第 88 天时占据整个细胞。之后，WOB 开始生长和融合。对WOB化学成分的分析表明，磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸以及油蛋白、鲸蜡蛋白和甾醇溶蛋白构成了WOB膜。WOB 的核心由 22 个游离脂肪酸和单酰甘油、二甘油、甘油三酯组成。磷脂酰胆碱、甘油三酯和油脂素的含量继续增加。磷脂酰甘油、不饱和脂肪酸、鲸蜡糖苷和甾烯糖苷的含量继续下降。磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰丝氨酸的含量基本保持不变。这些发现为了解核桃仁在不同发育阶段的 WOB 生物累积动态模式提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0