Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108953
Xin Shen , Xi Chen , Qin Zhuo , Shi Shen , Yi Yang
Food allergy remains a significant global public health concern, driving the continuous advancement of detection technologies. This review critically examines the evolution of food allergen detection methods, from traditional immunoassays and nucleic acid-based techniques to advanced biosensors and mass spectrometry platforms. Despite significant progress, these technologies still face challenges, including the influence of food matrices, epitope modifications during processing, and operational limitations. The review also discusses how these advancements inform the creation of international labeling regulations. DNA-based methods are useful for ingredient verification but do not provide protein-level confirmation. Future advancements should focus on standardizing detection methods, developing matrix-matched certified reference materials, and establishing labeling regulations based on clinical threshold data.
{"title":"Food allergens: From classification and detection to risk management","authors":"Xin Shen , Xi Chen , Qin Zhuo , Shi Shen , Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food allergy remains a significant global public health concern, driving the continuous advancement of detection technologies. This review critically examines the evolution of food allergen detection methods, from traditional immunoassays and nucleic acid-based techniques to advanced biosensors and mass spectrometry platforms. Despite significant progress, these technologies still face challenges, including the influence of food matrices, epitope modifications during processing, and operational limitations. The review also discusses how these advancements inform the creation of international labeling regulations. DNA-based methods are useful for ingredient verification but do not provide protein-level confirmation. Future advancements should focus on standardizing detection methods, developing matrix-matched certified reference materials, and establishing labeling regulations based on clinical threshold data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108956
Angela Patricia Abad-López, Omar Solano-Trillos, Carlos David Grande-Tovar
The ubiquitous presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in ecosystems has raised increasing concern regarding their transfer through food webs and their occurrence in food animals, particularly cattle and poultry, the most widely consumed animal protein sources worldwide. As emerging, quantifiable components of food matrices, MNPs pose potential risks to food safety and require robust analytical approaches for reliable detection, identification, and quantification in edible tissues. This review compiles and critically evaluates available evidence on the occurrence of MNPs in livestock and poultry meat (n = 146, from 2015 to 2025), with particular emphasis on analytical methodologies, reporting units, and compositional relevance. The environmental pathways of MNPs, from sources and animal exposure to tissue translocation, bioaccumulation, and excretion, are synthesized alongside the analytical workflows used to assess their presence.
Overall, the available evidence indicates that MNPs bioaccumulation in livestock can reduce growth performance, alter meat quality attributes, and impair reproductive function, with potential implications for human exposure. By integrating compositional evidence and critically assessing analytical performance across studies, this review frames MNPs as emerging constituents of poultry and livestock-derived foods and highlights the need for standardized, validated methodologies to enhance data comparability, enable exposure assessment, and support future monitoring and guideline development.
{"title":"Micro-nanoplastics in livestock and poultry: Emerging components of food matrices","authors":"Angela Patricia Abad-López, Omar Solano-Trillos, Carlos David Grande-Tovar","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ubiquitous presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in ecosystems has raised increasing concern regarding their transfer through food webs and their occurrence in food animals, particularly cattle and poultry, the most widely consumed animal protein sources worldwide. As emerging, quantifiable components of food matrices, MNPs pose potential risks to food safety and require robust analytical approaches for reliable detection, identification, and quantification in edible tissues. This review compiles and critically evaluates available evidence on the occurrence of MNPs in livestock and poultry meat (n = 146, from 2015 to 2025), with particular emphasis on analytical methodologies, reporting units, and compositional relevance. The environmental pathways of MNPs, from sources and animal exposure to tissue translocation, bioaccumulation, and excretion, are synthesized alongside the analytical workflows used to assess their presence.</div><div>Overall, the available evidence indicates that MNPs bioaccumulation in livestock can reduce growth performance, alter meat quality attributes, and impair reproductive function, with potential implications for human exposure. By integrating compositional evidence and critically assessing analytical performance across studies, this review frames MNPs as emerging constituents of poultry and livestock-derived foods and highlights the need for standardized, validated methodologies to enhance data comparability, enable exposure assessment, and support future monitoring and guideline development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108968
Yang Xiong , Shicong Li , Jiaxu Lv , Xilong Jiang , Zhijia Cheng , Fuming Zhang , Xiaolong Yu , Jiajun Shi , Haoyang Li , Zhiguang Hou , Zhongbin Lu
Isofetamid is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide that can effectively prevent ginseng gray mold. QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS were combined to establish a rapid analysis method for residual detection of isofetamid in different matrices of ginseng, and the method had good linearity (R2>0.966) with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. This method was applied to detect the residual levels of isofetamid in field samples. The results showed that the residual dissipation of isofetamid in ginseng plants and soil followed the first-order kinetic equation (R2>0.903) and the weibull degradation model (R2>0.928), respectively, and it belonged to easily degradable pesticides (t1/2≤21.00 d). The results of dietary risk assessment suggested that spraying isofetamid at the recommended dosage in the field did not pose short-term or long-term dietary exposure risks for humans under current assumptions. The results of this study provide technical support for ensuring the safety of ginseng products and for the registration of isofetamid in ginseng.
{"title":"Dissipation and risk assessment of isofetamid in ginseng under field conditions","authors":"Yang Xiong , Shicong Li , Jiaxu Lv , Xilong Jiang , Zhijia Cheng , Fuming Zhang , Xiaolong Yu , Jiajun Shi , Haoyang Li , Zhiguang Hou , Zhongbin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isofetamid is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide that can effectively prevent ginseng gray mold. QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS were combined to establish a rapid analysis method for residual detection of isofetamid in different matrices of ginseng, and the method had good linearity (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>>0.966) with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. This method was applied to detect the residual levels of isofetamid in field samples. The results showed that the residual dissipation of isofetamid in ginseng plants and soil followed the first-order kinetic equation (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>>0.903) and the weibull degradation model (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>>0.928), respectively, and it belonged to easily degradable pesticides (<em>t</em><sub><em>1/2</em></sub>≤21.00 d). The results of die<em>t</em>ary risk assessment suggested that spraying isofetamid at the recommended dosage in the field did not pose short-term or long-term dietary exposure risks for humans under current assumptions. The results of this study provide technical support for ensuring the safety of ginseng products and for the registration of isofetamid in ginseng.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108966
Jie Gao , Ying Zeng , Yangtai Liu , Dajin Yang , Haoran Zhang , Zhe Chen , Daoyuan Yang , Dan Li , Haixia Sui , Dingguo Jiang
Growing concerns have emerged about food contamination by mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) due to their adverse health effects, with food contact materials identified as a primary source. A total of 502 food contact paper and board (P&B) samples were collected from five provinces across China and analyzed by solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (SPE-GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The migration of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) into acidic, aqueous and fatty food simulants was measured. Analysis showed no detectable levels of MOSH or MOAH in either acidic or aqueous food simulants. In fatty food simulants, MOSH exhibited significantly higher migration than MOAH in both isooctane and 95 % ethanol, with similar migration patterns between the two simulants. To assess the potential health risks, a probabilistic risk assessment was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation. The lowest mean and P95 margin of exposure (MOE) for MOSH was 2697 and 1249 in various scenarios, suggesting an acceptable risk level for the exposed population. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted to assess the potential health risks associated with MOAH exposure.
{"title":"Migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from food contact paper and board and probabilistic health risk assessment","authors":"Jie Gao , Ying Zeng , Yangtai Liu , Dajin Yang , Haoran Zhang , Zhe Chen , Daoyuan Yang , Dan Li , Haixia Sui , Dingguo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concerns have emerged about food contamination by mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) due to their adverse health effects, with food contact materials identified as a primary source. A total of 502 food contact paper and board (P&B) samples were collected from five provinces across China and analyzed by solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (SPE-GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The migration of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) into acidic, aqueous and fatty food simulants was measured. Analysis showed no detectable levels of MOSH or MOAH in either acidic or aqueous food simulants. In fatty food simulants, MOSH exhibited significantly higher migration than MOAH in both isooctane and 95 % ethanol, with similar migration patterns between the two simulants. To assess the potential health risks, a probabilistic risk assessment was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation. The lowest mean and P95 margin of exposure (MOE) for MOSH was 2697 and 1249 in various scenarios, suggesting an acceptable risk level for the exposed population. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted to assess the potential health risks associated with MOAH exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108974
Aeyza Kashif , Unzila Saeed , Sara Riaz , Cong Kong , Mostafa A. Ismail , Mian Hasnain Nawaz
Among various biogenic amines (BAs) released from spoiled meat, Histamine (Hist) serves as a significant and toxic indicator of spoilage. Early and rapid detection of Hist is an effective way to prevent public health concerns caused by consuming spoiled meat. Herein, we present a simple, ultrasensitive, enzyme-free fluorescent sensor based on Perylene (PER) integrated with gold nanoparticles decorated thiol functionalized graphene oxide (PER-AuNPs@SH-GO) nanohybrid. Upon interaction with Hist, the sensor exhibits distinct quenching in fluorescence emission, which is attributed to structural aggregation, electrostatic and π–π stacking interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The sensing probe demonstrates remarkable selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 33 μM, and an excellent linear response (40 μM to 700 μM) with an R² value of 0.995. Furthermore, a reliable response of the fabricated sensor towards actual chicken meat samples validates its practical applicability. This probe offers an efficient approach for next-generation point-of-care systems aimed at advanced food freshness monitoring at early stages.
{"title":"Thiolated graphene oxide mediated plasmonic–π bridge for quenching driven detection of histamine in spoiled chicken meat","authors":"Aeyza Kashif , Unzila Saeed , Sara Riaz , Cong Kong , Mostafa A. Ismail , Mian Hasnain Nawaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among various biogenic amines (BAs) released from spoiled meat, Histamine (Hist) serves as a significant and toxic indicator of spoilage. Early and rapid detection of Hist is an effective way to prevent public health concerns caused by consuming spoiled meat. Herein, we present a simple, ultrasensitive, enzyme-free fluorescent sensor based on Perylene (PER) integrated with gold nanoparticles decorated thiol functionalized graphene oxide (PER-AuNPs@SH-GO) nanohybrid. Upon interaction with Hist, the sensor exhibits distinct quenching in fluorescence emission, which is attributed to structural aggregation, electrostatic and π–π stacking interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The sensing probe demonstrates remarkable selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 33 μM, and an excellent linear response (40 μM to 700 μM) with an R² value of 0.995. Furthermore, a reliable response of the fabricated sensor towards actual chicken meat samples validates its practical applicability. This probe offers an efficient approach for next-generation point-of-care systems aimed at advanced food freshness monitoring at early stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108982
Jianchao Xie , Wanghui Shi , Ming Wang , Chaobo Ma , Aichen Wang , Tong Sun , Qinghua Yang , Guoquan Zhou , Can Hu , Dong Hu
The optical properties of fruits and vegetables are essential for elucidating light propagation mechanisms within tissues, critical for enhancing spectroscopy-based quality assessments. This study employed a single integrating sphere system to determine two key parameters, which are the absorption coefficient (μa) and reduced scattering coefficient (μs′) across ten varieties, including four pear cultivars, and two each of apple, nectarine, and potato cultivars. Based on these measurements, conventional chemometric methods and machine learning algorithms were applied to develop models predicting soluble solids content (SSC) and flesh firmness (FF), in individual- and combined-variety samples. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on μa showed superior performance for pears, with Rp2 values of 0.877 and 0.884 for SSC and FF, respectively. In mixed fruit samples (apples and nectarines, or combinations with pears), μa-based PLSR models yielded comparable SSC prediction performance. For qualitative classification, the RF model using μa achieved high accuracies, with 92.9 % for pears and apples, and 100 % for nectarines and potatoes. Random forest (RF) models based on μs′ also demonstrated robust performance, exceeding 85 % accuracy for apples and nectarines. This study demonstrates an effective approach that combines optical properties and machine learning for quality evaluation and variety discrimination.
{"title":"Quality evaluation and variety discrimination of pear, apple, nectarine and potato using optical properties coupled with machine learning","authors":"Jianchao Xie , Wanghui Shi , Ming Wang , Chaobo Ma , Aichen Wang , Tong Sun , Qinghua Yang , Guoquan Zhou , Can Hu , Dong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical properties of fruits and vegetables are essential for elucidating light propagation mechanisms within tissues, critical for enhancing spectroscopy-based quality assessments. This study employed a single integrating sphere system to determine two key parameters, which are the absorption coefficient (<em>μ</em><sub><em>a</em></sub>) and reduced scattering coefficient (<em>μ</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>′) across ten varieties, including four pear cultivars, and two each of apple, nectarine, and potato cultivars. Based on these measurements, conventional chemometric methods and machine learning algorithms were applied to develop models predicting soluble solids content (SSC) and flesh firmness (FF), in individual- and combined-variety samples. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on <em>μ</em><sub><em>a</em></sub> showed superior performance for pears, with <em>R</em><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> values of 0.877 and 0.884 for SSC and FF, respectively. In mixed fruit samples (apples and nectarines, or combinations with pears), <em>μ</em><sub>a</sub>-based PLSR models yielded comparable SSC prediction performance. For qualitative classification, the RF model using <em>μ</em><sub><em>a</em></sub> achieved high accuracies, with 92.9 % for pears and apples, and 100 % for nectarines and potatoes. Random forest (RF) models based on <em>μ</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>′ also demonstrated robust performance, exceeding 85 % accuracy for apples and nectarines. This study demonstrates an effective approach that combines optical properties and machine learning for quality evaluation and variety discrimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108982"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108973
Yang Yang , K.K. Asanka Sanjeewa , Lei Wang , Xiangzhao Mao
An edible brown seaweed Sargassum horneri has frequently bloomed in recent years, causing significant economic losses and ecological damage to China’s attractive coastlines. Utilizing this underexploited biomass could help restore the aesthetic beauty of affected shores and promote the sustainable use of marine bioresources. S. horneri was reported to contain a rich source of essential nutrients and bioactive substances which contributes to its various health benefits (including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes). The mechanisms underlying the health benefits have been explored through cellular and animal models. In the process of bioactive substances from S. horneri exerting their effects, the Nrf2, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways all play crucial roles. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the bioactive substances and health benefits reported from S. horneri. We also integrated and compared the overlapping mechanisms underlying the health benefits of S. horneri, and extensively explored the challenges and strategies for its high-value applications in food and other fields. This work provides a new perspective for the in-depth development of this resource.
{"title":"Bioactive substances and their health benefits of the blooming brown seaweed Sargassum horneri: A review","authors":"Yang Yang , K.K. Asanka Sanjeewa , Lei Wang , Xiangzhao Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An edible brown seaweed <em>Sargassum horneri</em> has frequently bloomed in recent years, causing significant economic losses and ecological damage to China’s attractive coastlines. Utilizing this underexploited biomass could help restore the aesthetic beauty of affected shores and promote the sustainable use of marine bioresources. <em>S. horneri</em> was reported to contain a rich source of essential nutrients and bioactive substances which contributes to its various health benefits (including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes). The mechanisms underlying the health benefits have been explored through cellular and animal models. In the process of bioactive substances from <em>S. horneri</em> exerting their effects, the Nrf2, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways all play crucial roles. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the bioactive substances and health benefits reported from <em>S. horneri</em>. We also integrated and compared the overlapping mechanisms underlying the health benefits of <em>S. horneri</em>, and extensively explored the challenges and strategies for its high-value applications in food and other fields. This work provides a new perspective for the in-depth development of this resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108908
Lidija Kenjeric , Michael Sulyok , Christoph Bueschl , Alexandra Malachova , Rudolf Krska
High-throughput LC–MS/MS methods are increasingly essential for regulatory screening of mycotoxins in food as the number of relevant analytes grows. We evaluated the limits of such a quantitative methods covering 931 mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in cereal-based food (muesli), by comparing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), polarity switching with separate injections, and short vs. long gradients to optimize speed without compromising performance. To manage validation workload, 52 representative analytes—including all regulated mycotoxins—distributed across the chromatogram were selected for assessment. The final multi-class LC–MS/MS quantitative method covers 931 mycotoxins and secondary metabolites in an 11-minute run time, providing a scalable solution for routine testing, regulatory and emergency response. Across methods, no significant differences were observed in matrix effects, repeatability, or within-laboratory reproducibility, except at the lowest spiking levels. Reduced repeatability increased limits of quantification (LOQs) by a factor of 3–4 compared to the original 2 × 20.5-minute method, highlighting the main trade-off when accelerating analysis, despite the nearly fourfold gain in throughput. This ultra-fast approach meets the required sensitivity and measurement uncertainty for all 14 regulated mycotoxins across five muesli varieties, supporting regulatory control. Replacing the conventional dual-injection workflow with this single-injection protocol could reduce laboratory CO₂ emissions by ∼22 tons annually.
{"title":"Exploring the limits of UHPLC-MS/MS with polarity switching towards the quantification of 931 mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in cereal-based food","authors":"Lidija Kenjeric , Michael Sulyok , Christoph Bueschl , Alexandra Malachova , Rudolf Krska","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-throughput LC–MS/MS methods are increasingly essential for regulatory screening of mycotoxins in food as the number of relevant analytes grows. We evaluated the limits of such a quantitative methods covering 931 mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in cereal-based food (muesli), by comparing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), polarity switching with separate injections, and short vs. long gradients to optimize speed without compromising performance. To manage validation workload, 52 representative analytes—including all regulated mycotoxins—distributed across the chromatogram were selected for assessment. The final multi-class LC–MS/MS quantitative method covers 931 mycotoxins and secondary metabolites in an 11-minute run time, providing a scalable solution for routine testing, regulatory and emergency response. Across methods, no significant differences were observed in matrix effects, repeatability, or within-laboratory reproducibility, except at the lowest spiking levels. Reduced repeatability increased limits of quantification (LOQs) by a factor of 3–4 compared to the original 2 × 20.5-minute method, highlighting the main trade-off when accelerating analysis, despite the nearly fourfold gain in throughput. This ultra-fast approach meets the required sensitivity and measurement uncertainty for all 14 regulated mycotoxins across five muesli varieties, supporting regulatory control. Replacing the conventional dual-injection workflow with this single-injection protocol could reduce laboratory CO₂ emissions by ∼22 tons annually.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108984
Zhen-Ji Wang , Wan-Rong Jiang , Zhan Meng , Hai-Qing Qiang , Jing-Wen Wang , Xiao-Li Yin , Hui-Wen Gu
In this work, solid-surface three-dimensional fluorescence (SSTF) spectroscopy coupled with multi-way pattern recognition was proposed to identify the origins of lily bulbs. Firstly, the spectral data of lily bulbs from 8 famous regions were acquired by SSTF within the excitation wavelength of 200–700 nm and emission wavelength of 250–700 nm in solid power state without any extraction processes. Then, a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model was built to extract chemically relevant components information, and the resulting scores were classified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN); while N-way partial least squares-discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA), unfolded partial least squares-discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA), and two-directional two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis ((2D)2LDA) were directly used for classification based on the original SSTF spectral data. All models showed satisfactory performance, with the latter three models achieving 100 % accuracy for both training and prediction sets. Therefore, the proposed method can achieve direct and rapid origin identification of lily bulbs without solvent-extraction and provide a new perspective for the origin identification of other food and medicinal materials.
{"title":"Rapid identification of the geographical origins of lily bulbs using solid-surface three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multi-way pattern recognition","authors":"Zhen-Ji Wang , Wan-Rong Jiang , Zhan Meng , Hai-Qing Qiang , Jing-Wen Wang , Xiao-Li Yin , Hui-Wen Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, solid-surface three-dimensional fluorescence (SSTF) spectroscopy coupled with multi-way pattern recognition was proposed to identify the origins of lily bulbs. Firstly, the spectral data of lily bulbs from 8 famous regions were acquired by SSTF within the excitation wavelength of 200–700 nm and emission wavelength of 250–700 nm in solid power state without any extraction processes. Then, a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model was built to extract chemically relevant components information, and the resulting scores were classified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and <em>k</em>-nearest neighbor (<em>k</em>-NN); while N-way partial least squares-discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA), unfolded partial least squares-discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA), and two-directional two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis ((2D)<sup>2</sup>LDA) were directly used for classification based on the original SSTF spectral data. All models showed satisfactory performance, with the latter three models achieving 100 % accuracy for both training and prediction sets. Therefore, the proposed method can achieve direct and rapid origin identification of lily bulbs without solvent-extraction and provide a new perspective for the origin identification of other food and medicinal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108975
Augusto Cezar Magalhães Aleluia , Ruan Barbosa Sales , Mariana Moitinho Ferraz de Oliveira , Mário Marques da Silva Junior , Douglas Gonçalves da Silva , Anaildes Lago de Carvalho
Tartrazine, a synthetic dye, can cause adverse health effects to human health. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Codex Alimentarius / FAO-WHO have established specific guidelines, including a maximum limit of 300 mg kg−1. The ANVISA has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5 mg kg−1, as well as requiring detailed labeling on possible hypersensitivity reactions. In this context, this work proposed an analytical method based on Digital Image Colorimetry (DIC), using smartphones, to direct determine the concentration of tartrazine in nutritional and pharmaceutical supplements. The method was optimized using a full factorial design, with the distance from the camera to the sample being the most significant variable. The colorimetric method showed statistically equivalent performance to the spectrophotometric method, with good sensitivity, precision and accuracy. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) for DIC method were 0.0018 g L−1 and 0.0062 g L−1. For spectrophotometric method LOD and LOQ were 0.0012 g L−1 and 0.0043 g L−1. Precision was performed as repeatability and intermediate precision, and the values were in the range of 0.16–0.59 %. The linear concentration range for both DIC and spectrophotometric methods were 0.0062–0.05 g L−1 and 0.0043–0.04 g L−1, respectively. An addition and recovery tests were performed, and recoveries ranged from 91.74 % to 100.5 %. Tartrazine concentrations of analyzed samples ranged from 0.0064 to 0.0408 g L−1 in the DIC method and 0.0064–0.0390 g L−1 in the spectrophotometry method. The tartrazine concentrations of the samples obtained by DIC method were in agreement to those obtained by the spectrophotometric method. All the concentrations found are below the maximum permitted limit, as established by the regulatory institutions, indicating that the supplements analyzed comply with current standards. DIC is a promising, affordable, low-cost, fast and sustainable alternative to traditional methods, allowing direct analysis of organic analytes in complex samples. This is the first report for DIC application to directly determine tartrazine in supplements.
酒黄石是一种合成染料，会对人体健康造成不良影响。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）和食品法典委员会/粮农组织-世卫组织制定了具体准则，包括300 mg kg−1的最高限量。ANVISA已制定了7.5 mg kg−1的可接受日摄入量（ADI），并要求对可能的过敏反应进行详细标记。在此背景下，本工作提出了一种基于数字图像比色法（DIC）的分析方法，使用智能手机，直接测定营养和药物补充剂中酒黄石的浓度。该方法采用全因子设计进行优化，从相机到样本的距离是最显著的变量。比色法与分光光度法性能相当，具有良好的灵敏度、精密度和准确度。DIC方法的检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.0018 g L−1和0.0062 g L−1。分光光度法的定量限和定量限分别为0.0012 g L−1和0.0043 g L−1。精密度为重复性和中间精密度，精密度范围为0.16 ~ 0.59 %。DIC法和分光光度法的线性浓度范围分别为0.0062 ~ 0.05 g L−1和0.0043 ~ 0.04 g L−1。进行了添加和回收率试验，回收率为91.74 % ~ 100.5 %。DIC法测定的酒黄石浓度范围为0.0064 ~ 0.0408 g L−1，分光光度法测定的酒黄石浓度范围为0.0064 ~ 0.0390 g L−1。用DIC法测定的样品中酒黄石的浓度与分光光度法测定的结果一致。所有发现的浓度都低于监管机构规定的最大允许限量，表明所分析的补充剂符合现行标准。DIC是一种有前途的、经济实惠的、低成本的、快速和可持续的传统方法的替代方法，可以直接分析复杂样品中的有机分析物。这是首次应用DIC直接测定补充剂中酒黄石的报道。
{"title":"Direct determination of tartrazine yellow dye in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplements by digital image colorimetry","authors":"Augusto Cezar Magalhães Aleluia , Ruan Barbosa Sales , Mariana Moitinho Ferraz de Oliveira , Mário Marques da Silva Junior , Douglas Gonçalves da Silva , Anaildes Lago de Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tartrazine, a synthetic dye, can cause adverse health effects to human health. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Codex Alimentarius / FAO-WHO have established specific guidelines, including a maximum limit of 300 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The ANVISA has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, as well as requiring detailed labeling on possible hypersensitivity reactions. In this context, this work proposed an analytical method based on Digital Image Colorimetry (DIC), using smartphones, to direct determine the concentration of tartrazine in nutritional and pharmaceutical supplements. The method was optimized using a full factorial design, with the distance from the camera to the sample being the most significant variable. The colorimetric method showed statistically equivalent performance to the spectrophotometric method, with good sensitivity, precision and accuracy. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) for DIC method were 0.0018 g L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.0062 g L<sup>−1</sup>. For spectrophotometric method LOD and LOQ were 0.0012 g L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.0043 g L<sup>−1</sup>. Precision was performed as repeatability and intermediate precision, and the values were in the range of 0.16–0.59 %. The linear concentration range for both DIC and spectrophotometric methods were 0.0062–0.05 g L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.0043–0.04 g L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. An addition and recovery tests were performed, and recoveries ranged from 91.74 % to 100.5 %. Tartrazine concentrations of analyzed samples ranged from 0.0064 to 0.0408 g L<sup>−1</sup> in the DIC method and 0.0064–0.0390 g L<sup>−1</sup> in the spectrophotometry method. The tartrazine concentrations of the samples obtained by DIC method were in agreement to those obtained by the spectrophotometric method. All the concentrations found are below the maximum permitted limit, as established by the regulatory institutions, indicating that the supplements analyzed comply with current standards. DIC is a promising, affordable, low-cost, fast and sustainable alternative to traditional methods, allowing direct analysis of organic analytes in complex samples. This is the first report for DIC application to directly determine tartrazine in supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 108975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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