Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology最新文献

Background: Research into forensic genetic markers in the onset and advancement of periodontitis is an area of growing interest. This analysis aims to examine the connection between the fingerprint patterns, lip print patterns, and ABO blood group in periodontitis patients and healthy participants.

Materials and methods: A total of 300 people participated in this cross-sectional analytical study, evenly divided into two groups: Group I (healthy participants) and Group II (patients with chronic periodontitis). Each participant's lip print, fingerprint, and ABO blood type were noted. The interaction between various participant groups concerning blood groups, lip prints, and fingerprints was examined using the Chi-square test. To examine the relationship among these variables in patients with periodontitis and those who are healthy, Spearman's correlation (ρ) was employed.

Results: The findings demonstrated a statistically significant increased frequency of whorl fingerprint patterns, reticulate lip print patterns, and O-positive blood types in patients with chronic periodontitis. In contrast, healthy participants showed greater rates of ulnar loops, Type I lip prints, and A-positive blood type.

Conclusion: Genetically determined characteristics such as fingerprint patterns, lip print patterns, and ABO blood groups can be utilized to evaluate the risk of periodontitis in an individual.

Background: Periodontal disease is suspected to play a causal role in adverse pregnancy outcomes like preeclampsia, which is a serious complication of end-stage pregnancy. This study investigated the periodontal status of immediate postpartum women with preeclampsia and compared it with women with normal uncomplicated pregnancy and childbirth.

Aims: The primary aim is to determine the risk of association between maternal periodontal disease and preeclampsia. The secondary outcome is determining whether C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are a potential mediator of this association.

Materials and methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted during a 1-year period among 200 postpartum women with preeclampsia complications and normal gestation on a 1:1 ratio. All the study participants were examined by a qualified periodontist within 48 h postpartum to assess periodontal status and 5 ml of blood drawn for estimation of CRP levels. This correlation was assessed using Spearman's correlation.

Results: Statistical analysis by Pearson's Chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation showed 46% of the study population had chronic periodontitis, out of which 7% had nonsevere preeclampsia without complications and 3% had severe life-threatening preeclampsia with complications (odds ratio 2.49, confidence interval 95% P = 0.001). Furthermore, both the gestational period and mean birth weight decreased with the increasing severity of periodontitis. The increase in CRP levels was positively correlated, as shown by the one-way ANOVA with both periodontitis and preeclampsia, along with gestational period and birth weight of infants.

Conclusions: After adjusting for other risk factors, there is a significant association between maternal periodontitis and preeclampsia complications and a significant correlation between increased CRP levels, increasing severity of periodontitis, and mean birth weight. As periodontitis is a treatable disease. severe adverse pregnancy complication like preeclampsia can be prevented with early diagnosis and management of periodontal health.

Background: Gingival recession requires root coverage to address esthetics and dentinal hypersensitivity, prevent root caries and abrasion, and improve plaque control. The coronally advanced flap (CAF) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is a widely accepted gold standard but is technique sensitive and less predictable. The vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique is a minimally invasive alternative that yields more predictable results and better patient compliance. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a membrane for covering defects is less technique sensitive and improves patient comfort compared to SCTG. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of VISTA and CAF, both combined with PRF, in treating maxillary gingival recession.

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 30 sites (15 in each group) in patients with Cairo et al. recession type 1 (RT1) recession. Sites were assigned to the test group (VISTA + PRF) or the control group (CAF + PRF). Primary outcomes, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized tissue, thickness of attached gingiva (TAG), vertical depth of recession (VDR), gingival recession width (GRW), and percentage root coverage (%RC), were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Secondary outcomes included postsurgical discomfort, evaluated immediately after surgery and at 1 week.

Results: On comparison of the groups, statistically more significant results in terms of PD, CAL, TAG, VDR, GRW, percentage root coverage, and postsurgical discomfort level were seen in the test group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Both VISTA + PRF and CAF + PRF effectively treat maxillary anterior gingival recession (Cairo et al. RT1), but VISTA + PRF shows superior outcomes.

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and other platelet concentrates have demonstrated efficacy as healing biomaterials for intrabony defects (IBDs). Despite the lack of research to evaluate its regenerative potential, injectable-PRF (i-PRF), a recently developed second-generation platelet concentrate, has demonstrated a greater degree of growth factor release. The present research compared the effectiveness of i-PRF for reconstructing periodontal IBDs in conjunction with a synthetic nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone graft (SybografTM).

Materials and methods: The study included 24 intrabony periodontal defects, which were randomly assigned to two groups (12 defects each). The patients were treated either with open flap debridement (OFD) and i-PRF in conjunction with bone graft or OFD with bone graft only. The following parameters such as GI, PI, vertical probing depth, CAL, bone defect depth, and bone fill percentage were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months. The data were statistically analyzed using-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.

Results: Both groups showed improvements in bone fill, reduction in the depth of vertical probing, and bone defects. However, group I (i-PRF with bone graft) showed statistically significant and superior outcomes than group II (OFD with bone graft).

Conclusion: The study concluded that, when compared to OFD with synthetic nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone graft, adjunctive use of i-PRF greatly enhances the defect fill in periodontal IBDs and demonstrated significant improvements in clinical and radiological parameters.

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential endopeptidases involved in matrix degradation and remodeling, including periodontal tissues. They are classified into collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysin, matrilysin, and membrane types. MMPs, particularly MMP-2 and 9, contribute to gingival tissue breakdown in periodontitis. The study uses Graph Attention Network (GAT) to predict drug-gene associations for MMP-9 in host modulation, a crucial aspect of disease diagnosis, prognosis, targeted therapies, personalized medicine, and mechanistic studies. This approach can optimize treatment outcomes and minimize side effects, contributing to precision medicine.

Materials and methods: Data on drugs and genes associated with MMP-9 were retrieved using probes and drugs, and 1898 drug-gene interactions were studied. Data were cleaned for missing values, and graph data were prepared using nodes, gene names, and edges. Edge weights represented biochemical activity, while node features provided additional details for training a GAT. Cytoscape was used to create a network graph for drug-gene associations, while Cytohubba applied the maximum clique centrality algorithm to a drug-gene interaction network. A GAT model, consisting of three layers, was applied using Google Colab in a Python environment.

Results: The network graph has 742 nodes, 1897 edges, and an average number of neighbors of 5.049. It has a characteristic path length of 3.303, with low local connectivity, and sparseness. The top-ten hubs with drug-gene associations with MMP-9 include quercetin, luteolin, econazole, zinc chloride, curcumin, MMP-9, MMP2, MMP1, MMP13, and MMP3. The model faces issues due to a dataset imbalance, with 80% of positive cases overfitting the majority class. Despite this, it learns useful features from the graph structure and shows stable training. The GAT model achieved an accuracy of 0.7955, indicating 80% correct classification, and an F1 score of 0.8861.

Conclusion: This study explores the intricate relationship between drugs, genes, and MMP-9, using a GAT tool to identify potential drug targets. Addressing limitations can advance MMP-9 biology and develop new therapeutic strategies.

Sturge-Weber syndrome is often associated with different kinds of extraoral and intraoral manifestations, among which gingival overgrowth is one of the most common oral manifestations appreciated in the population. These oral manifestations can certainly be a type of intraoral hemangioma or just an angiomatous overgrowth, hence a thorough diagnosis of the same will help a clinician to draw an appropriate treatment strategy. The purpose of this case report is to showcase the importance of diagnosing a syndrome, associating it with its oral manifestations correctly and early treatment of the patients, thereby improving the quality of life of the patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Introduction: Microbial dysbiosis has been shown to be involved in various types of gastrointestinal cancers, but there is a dearth of strong studies linking the oral microbiome imbalance with esophageal cancer (EC).

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to identify the link between oral microbiome and EC.

Materials and methods: Twelve suspected EC and two healthy control patients were recruited. After the histological confirmation of EC, four confirmed EC patient samples and two healthy control samples were subjected to 16S metagenomics study using the Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing platform.

Results: Species richness of microbial community was higher in the healthy controls followed by diseased plaque, tumor tissue and adjacent tissue. Bacillota, Pseudomonata, Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Campylobacterota were the major phyla identified in all the groups. Majorly prevalent genera (core microbiome analysis) in all the groups were Streptococcus, Salmonella, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Veillonella, Klebsiella, Clostridioides, Prevotella, Gemella, Selenomonas, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria.

Conclusion: Our study suggests an association between oral microbiome and EC. The prevalence of same microbial genus in the oral cavity (dental plaque) and tumor tissue depicts a possible link. Our study opens the plausible microbe-based biomarker screening of EC.

Background: To give immediate strength to the implants, which are inserted into the bone, the bone should be hard and strong. The bone, in particular the trabecular width (TW) of the cancellous bone, is thin and therefore weak.

Aim: To compare the human jaw microanatomy of the alveolar and basal bones for implant stability to find whether the trabecular bone of the basal parts is wider and stronger than the alveolar parts of the jaws.

Materials and methods: Strategic areas were identified and marked in both the jaws for the study of spongiosa in the alveolar and basal bones. The jaw bones were sectioned along the marked orientation. The collected specimen was grounded and smoothed. After processing of the specimen, it was observed under a stereo microscope to assess the spongiosa (microanatomy).

Statistical analysis used: Comparative observational study using standard of deviation.

Results: In the maxilla, the TW in the anterior nasal spine of the alveolar bone was 62.2 ± 13.7 μm and of the basal bone was 31.7 ± 8.89 μm. This variation in the TW, i.e. widest in the alveolar zone and least in the basal zone, was found to be true for all the strategic areas of the skull.

Conclusions: In the maxilla as well as mandible, when we started comparing bone marrow space diameter (BMSD) and TW in the alveolar and basal bones, on specific strategic locations individually, BMSD increases and TW decreases. Thus, the TW of the cancellous bone moving from the alveolar to the basal part was thin and weak.

Background: In periodontal therapy, marginal gingival recession (GR) is a recurrent finding that emphasizes the importance of using efficient root coverage approaches. The bidirectionally positioned flap (BPF) offers a unique strategy that merits investigation. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of BPF and conventional coronally advanced flap (CAF) for treating isolated GRs classified as Class I by Miller.

Materials and methods: Sixteen participants were included in the study (8 in each group). Clinical parameters, including the plaque index, gingival thickness (GT), recession height (RH), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue height (KTH), RH, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), were recorded during the study. At 6 months, both treatment modalities resulted in significant root coverage (P < 0.01), with an average coverage of 2.5 mm for the BPF group and 2.38 mm for the CAF group.

Results: Both treatments showed comparable outcomes, with no significant differences in relative height loss. Additionally, GT, KTH, probing depth, and CAL remained consistent across both groups, highlighting their similar effectiveness.

Conclusion: This study's conclusions highlight the effectiveness of BPF and CAF in improving root coverage over 6 months, with BPF showing promise as a therapeutic intervention for isolated GR.