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Features of Peripheral End milling: Formation of Machined Surface Profile 外周立铣削的特点:加工表面轮廓的形成
S. Dyadya, Ye. B Kozlova, A. Germashev, A. Leschenko, E. Kondratyuk
The profile of the machined surface at the peripheral end milling is made when various types of fluctuations occur. At milling under self-exited oscillations, the machined surface, in addition to traces from cutting in with each tooth, has a wavy profile. The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the mechanism for making the profile of the machined surface under up and down peripheral end milling in case of chatter appearance. The experiments have been carried out on a special bench, using a technique that allows estimating the law of the vibrational motion of a part in the milling process by recording oscillograms of part fluctuation. The profile of the machined surface was evaluated by strip chart recording. The basic fragments of the oscillograms were used to determine the values of the parameters, which made it possible to establish the relationship between the waviness on the machined surface and the oscillatory movements of the part during milling with different feed directions. On the basis of the conducted experimental research, the mechanisms of surface finish formation during the up and down peripheral end milling in the third velocity zone have been determined. The height of the waviness during the cut-up milling with self-exited oscillations is formed by cavities, the depth of which is determined by the deviation of the part from the elastic equilibrium line on the first wave of auto-oscillations. The number of cuts determines the waviness stroke. At the cut-down milling, shaping cavities are formed by the part deviation from the elastic equilibrium line when the tool leaves the cutting zone. The waviness stroke on the machined surface depends on the change in the length of the cutting surface. Keywords—profile; number of cuts; oscillogram; the vibrational motion, waviness; profilogram
当发生各种类型的波动时,在外端面铣削时加工表面的轮廓就形成了。在自激振荡下铣削时,除了每个齿的切削痕迹外,加工表面还具有波浪形轮廓。本文的目的是考虑在出现颤振的情况下,上下外周立铣削加工表面轮廓的机构的特点。实验是在一个特殊的实验台上进行的,采用了一种技术,可以通过记录零件波动的示波器来估计零件在铣削过程中的振动运动规律。采用条形图记录法对加工表面轮廓进行评价。利用示波图的基本片段来确定参数值,从而可以建立不同进给方向铣削过程中加工表面的波纹度与零件振荡运动之间的关系。在已进行的实验研究的基础上,确定了第三速度区上下端铣削表面光洁度的形成机理。自激振荡切割铣削时波纹的高度由空腔形成,空腔的深度由工件在自激振荡第一波上与弹性平衡线的偏差决定。切割的数量决定了波浪状笔画。在切削铣削过程中,刀具离开切削区时零件偏离弹性平衡线形成成形腔。被加工表面上的波纹行程取决于切割表面长度的变化。Keywords-profile;切割次数;波形图;振动运动,波浪形;轮廓图
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the Distribution of Temperatures on the Surface of a Heat Exchanger 换热器表面温度分布的建模
V. Bludov, A. Rasputina, A. Govorkov, A. D. Kolosov, A. Suhanov
—This paper presents a simulation of the temperature distribution on the surface of a heat exchanger in the ANSYS application package. In the R&D part devoted to the development of a device for converting heat into electrical energy, models of an experimental heat exchanger have been created, including numerical models for calculating three-dimensional distributions of the gas flow velocity, temperature fields, flow turbulence intensity and static pressure. An initial assessment of the parameters of the heat exchanger was carried out and the following predicted indicators were established at the flow rate and temperature of the inlet gases corresponding to data of the technical specifications. A combined analysis of the simulation results allows us to determine the zones for the most efficient installation of thermoelectric converters in electric energy: elements of the thermoelectric converter on the side surfaces of the cone. A prototype of the thermoelectric converter was developed and manufactured in the work, studies of thermoelectric conversion were conducted. The work also carried out the initial assessment of the state after the launch of prototypes of high-ampere electrolyzers of the RA-550 experimental section, namely, the measurement of the material balance of emissions through the housing lantern (outlet) and supply ventilation (inlet). All tasks of the stage have been fully resolved, the goals set and achieved, the results of the planned work received.
本文在ANSYS应用程序包中对换热器表面温度分布进行了模拟。在研发部分,致力于开发一种将热量转化为电能的装置,建立了一个实验热交换器的模型,包括计算气体流速、温度场、流动湍流强度和静压的三维分布的数值模型。对换热器的参数进行了初步评估,并根据技术规范的数据,在进口气体的流量和温度下,建立了以下预测指标。对模拟结果的综合分析使我们能够确定在电能中最有效安装热电转换器的区域:热电转换器的元件在锥体的侧面。工作中研制了热电变换器样机,并对热电变换器进行了研究。本工作还开展了RA-550实验段高安培电解槽样机启动后状态的初步评估,即通过壳体灯(出口)和供气通风(进口)排放的物质平衡测量。本阶段各项任务已全面解决,目标已确定并实现,计划工作成果已收到。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical Modelling of the Power Regulator by the Example of an A11VO Axial Piston Pump (Bosch Rexroth) 以博世力士乐A11VO轴向柱塞泵为例的功率调节器数学建模
V. Zedgenizov, D. V. Kokourov, D. Biryukov
Abstrakt – The purpose of the article is to develop a mathematical model of the power regulator using an A11VO axial-piston pump (Bosch Rexroth) as an example and determine the effect of pressure on the control process parameters. A mathematical model of the regulator was developed; a scheme for its solution in the Matlab-Simulink environment was suggested; dependencies of the spool movement (x1), piston (x2), transition time (t) and other parameters on the pressure in the pressure line (p) have been determined. The mathematical model of the regulator establishes the effect of pressure on control process parameters. When the pressure increases from 30 to 45 MPa, the regulator spool moves at a distance varying from 0.4 2.8 mm. The spool movement is proportional to the pressure. The piston movement is more sensitive to the change in pressure. It changes within the range of 3–19 mm, while the relationship is non-linear. The cylidner pressure and the ratio of rocker arms are proportional to the pressure and increase 1.5 times; the transition time of is expressed by a non-linear dependence and decreases two-fold.
摘要:本文的目的是以A11VO轴向柱塞泵(博世力士乐)为例,建立功率调节器的数学模型,并确定压力对控制过程参数的影响。建立了调节器的数学模型;提出了在Matlab-Simulink环境下解决该问题的方案;确定了阀芯运动(x1)、活塞(x2)、过渡时间(t)和其他参数对压力线(p)压力的依赖关系。该调节器的数学模型建立了压力对控制过程参数的影响。当压力从30到45兆帕增加,调节阀阀芯移动的距离从0.4到2.8毫米不等。阀芯的运动与压力成正比。活塞的运动对压力的变化更敏感。在3 ~ 19 mm范围内变化,且呈非线性关系。气缸压力与摇臂的比值与压力成正比,增加1.5倍;的过渡时间以非线性关系表示,减小了2倍。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance Projection Welding of Sheet Metal Without Formation of a Mutual Melting Zone in The Form of a Cast Nugget 不形成铸核形式的互熔区的金属薄板的电阻凸焊
A. Paliakou, V. P. Kulikau, А.А. Stsiapanau
The paper deals with the possibility of obtaining strong overlap projection welds due to formation of a common annular zone instead of a coin-shaped one as a nugget. A method for reducing the energy intensity of this process by reducing the time of current supply recommended in the literature was identified.
本文讨论了由于形成一个共同的环形区而不是作为熔核的硬币形区而获得强重叠凸焊的可能性。确定了一种通过减少文献中推荐的电流供应时间来降低该过程能量强度的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Cascade Method for Technical Preparation of Production in Digital Technology Application 数字技术应用中生产技术准备的级联方法
A. Kutin, A. Shayhulova, S. Ivashin
The article presents a new method for technical preparation of production in digital technology application. This method reduces risks of project, which goes over costs and deadlines. The main achievement is implementing the concept of using CALS-technologies in production technical preparation (PTP). We considered a method combining different mathematical and computer modeling approaches in order to present the best long-term strategy of production management.
提出了一种在数字技术应用中进行生产技术准备的新方法。这种方法减少了超出成本和期限的项目风险。主要成果是实现了在生产技术准备(PTP)中使用cals技术的概念。为了提出最佳的长期生产管理策略,我们考虑了一种将不同的数学和计算机建模方法相结合的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Influence of Technical and Operational Indicators on the Results of Planning Motor Transport Operation 技术和运营指标对汽车运输运营规划结果的影响
V. V. Varakin, E. O. Chebakova
Mathematical apparatus for calculating the road transport operation volume, existing in the modern theory, corresponds to the only technology of the transport process – functioning of the pendulum route with reverse unloaded mileage. However, modern specifics of freight motor transport enterprises functioning today is, as a rule, a frequent change of the clientele, types of freights and their volumes, distances of transportations, quantity and type of the rolling stock, average sizes of the technical and operational indicators, road congestion, number of drivers, condition of technological infrastructure and material and technical service opportunities. In this regard, studies have been carried out and the results aimed at making informed management decisions and accurate calculation of the planned need for vehicles have been presented. In the course of the research the methods of linear programming; professionallogical approach using the apparatus of mathematical modeling, including algorithm and software implementation of models were used. The analysis of the results of the previously developed methods and models application in the practice of planning the freight motor transport enterprises operation is carried out. It is revealed that the previously developed mathematical models are not implemented as there are significant discrepancy between the planned values and the results of motor transport enterprises work. Keywords—rolling stock; motor transport enterprises; management; planning; technical and operational indicators
现代理论中存在的计算道路运输业务量的数学装置,对应的是运输过程的唯一技术——倒车里程钟摆路线的功能。然而,今天运作的货运汽车运输企业的现代特征通常是客户、货物类型及其数量、运输距离、机车车辆的数量和类型、技术和操作指标的平均尺寸、道路拥堵、驾驶员数量、技术基础设施状况以及物质和技术服务机会的频繁变化。在这方面,已经进行了研究,并提出了旨在作出明智的管理决定和准确计算计划的车辆需求的结果。在研究过程中运用了线性规划的方法;采用数学建模的专业方法,包括模型的算法和软件实现。对以往开发的方法和模型在货运汽车运输企业经营规划实践中的应用结果进行了分析。结果表明,由于规划值与汽车运输企业实际工作结果存在较大差异,以往建立的数学模型无法实现。Keywords-rolling股票;汽车运输企业;管理;规划;技术和操作指标
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引用次数: 1
Improving Methods of Estimation of Transport Demand for Urban Passenger Transportation 城市客运运输需求估算的改进方法
M. Sharov
The article is devoted to the issues of the transportation demand estimation. Existing methods to bring up to date the Origin-Destination matrix are reviewed. A regression method to update the passenger Origin-Destination matrix is proposed. The proposed method is compared with the method of calculating the Origin-Destination matrix using the population mobility data. The comparability of the proposed method with the standard method of calculating the Origin-Destination matrix is established. The characteristics of the transport mobility of Irkutsk city population are also established. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the growth of the level of vehicleto-population ratio and transport mobility of our country population that complicates the process of designing and managing urban passenger transport systems (UPT). One of the urgent objectives is the development of efficient methods to estimate the demand for transportation services, including ones to determine the distribution of this demand between UPT and individual road transport. Constantly updated information on transportation demand improves the efficiency of the management of the UPT system and improves the quality of transportation services provided to the population.
本文主要研究交通运输需求估算问题。现有的方法,使最新的起点-目的地矩阵进行审查。提出了一种更新旅客始发-目的地矩阵的回归方法。将该方法与利用人口流动数据计算始发-目的地矩阵的方法进行了比较。建立了该方法与计算起点-终点矩阵的标准方法的可比性。建立了伊尔库茨克城市人口交通流动特征。研究课题的相关性是由我国车辆人口比水平和人口交通机动性的增长决定的,这使得城市客运系统的设计和管理过程变得复杂。紧迫的目标之一是发展有效的方法来估计对运输服务的需求,包括确定这种需求在普通运输和个别公路运输之间的分配。不断更新的运输需求资料提高了统一运输系统的管理效率,并提高了向人民提供的运输服务的质量。
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引用次数: 3
Design of direct digital synthesizers signal generator 直接数字合成器信号发生器的设计
A. Bashkirov, V. Glotov, N. Astakhov, A. A. Pirogov, I. Sviridova, T. Glotova
— An integral element of most radio devices is systems of frequency and signal synthesis. Most of the known circuits use analog elements, which are characterized by the change of parameters under the influence of external factors. However, with the development of digital technology that uses only mathematical calculations and logical functions resistant to changes in external factors, a new method of generating signals was developed, which is called a direct digital synthesis. One of the main types of frequency synthesizers are direct digital synthesizers (DDS). High frequency and phase resolution, the fastest possible transition to another frequency without phase discontinuity, the ability to control the frequency, phase and amplitude through the digital interface are constantly expanding the DDS implementation area in various fields of technology, such as satellite communication, radar-location, radio navigation, measuring equipment, etc. A direct digital synthesis is a method of generating a signal of the desired frequency and waveform using digital resources. Owing to the digital solution, the generated signal has the accuracy inherent in digital systems. The frequency, amplitude and phase of the signal at any given time are known and controlled. With these advantages, direct digital synthesis is increasingly replacing analog solutions. The relevance of the study stems from the lack of domestic equivalents of frequency synthesizer chips, the implementation on the modern element base. The article describes a method for designing a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) with a quarter-wave transformer (QWT) based on FPGA.
大多数无线电设备的一个组成部分是频率和信号合成系统。已知的电路大多采用模拟元件,其特点是在外界因素的影响下参数发生变化。然而,随着数字技术的发展,只使用数学计算和不受外界因素变化的逻辑函数,发展了一种新的信号产生方法,称为直接数字合成。频率合成器的主要类型之一是直接数字合成器(DDS)。高的频率和相位分辨率,尽可能快地过渡到另一个频率而不发生相位间断,通过数字接口控制频率、相位和幅度的能力,正在不断扩大DDS在各个技术领域的实施领域,如卫星通信、雷达定位、无线电导航、测量设备等。直接数字合成是一种利用数字资源产生所需频率和波形的信号的方法。由于采用了数字解决方案,生成的信号具有数字系统固有的精度。信号在任何给定时间的频率、幅度和相位都是已知和可控的。有了这些优势,直接数字合成正逐渐取代模拟解决方案。本研究的相关性源于国内缺乏等效的频率合成器芯片,在现代元件基础上实现。本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的带四分之一波变压器的直接数字合成器(DDS)的设计方法。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of the Automatic Balancing Process of A Rotor, Rigidly Fixed in the Housing on Elastic Supports 弹性支承刚性固定转子的自动平衡过程仿真
A. Artyunin, O. Sumenkov
— The process of automatic balancing of an unbalanced rotor was simulated using four pendulums mounted in pairs on the shaft on both sides of the rotor. The rotor is rigidly fixed in the housing, which is mounted on elastic supports. Studies have shown that the pendulums partially or fully compensate the unbalance of the rotor within the range of its rotational frequencies. By selecting the stiffness characteristics of the housing supports and mass-and-inertia parameters of the housing, the rotor becomes a zone of stable operation of the auto-balancing device. It has been established that the degree of compensation for the rotor unbalance by pendulums of equal mass and length essentially depends on the relative position of the center of rotor masses, the center of the housing masses and the center of rigidity of the elastic supports of the housing and the distance between the pendulums in one pair.
-利用在转子两侧的轴上成对安装的四个钟摆,模拟了不平衡转子的自动平衡过程。转子刚性固定在壳体内,壳体安装在弹性支架上。研究表明,摆在转子的转动频率范围内部分或全部补偿转子的不平衡。通过选择机壳支承的刚度特性和机壳的质量-惯性参数,使转子成为自动平衡装置的稳定运行区域。确定了等质量、等长度摆对转子不平衡的补偿程度,本质上取决于转子质量中心、机壳质量中心和机壳弹性支承刚度中心的相对位置以及一对摆之间的距离。
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引用次数: 2
Road Safety as a Factor in Sustainable Urban Development 道路安全是城市可持续发展的一个因素
А. Litvinov, I. Senin, T. Konovalova
The article deals with issues related to the impact of road safety on sustainable urban development. We analyzed the territory of the city in order to change the functional purpose of the territories, construction sites, changes in population. A comparison was made of road accidents with transport-townplanning deficiencies and their impact on traffic safety.
这篇文章讨论了道路安全对城市可持续发展的影响。我们分析了城市的领土,以改变领土的功能目的,建筑工地,人口的变化。比较了交通城市规划缺陷导致的交通事故及其对交通安全的影响。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the International Conference on Aviamechanical Engineering and Transport (AviaENT 2019)
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