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Study of the Structure of Wear-Resistant Coatings Obtained under Different Technological Modes of the Arc Metallization 不同电弧金属化工艺模式下耐磨涂层结构的研究
M. Z. Borisova, N. F. Struchkov, G. G. Vinokurov
Arc metallization of the cored wires is one of the modern surface engineering technologies assuring high quality surface layers. The wire arc spraying process is widely used for protection of metal against corrosion and for restoration of worn parts of machines and mechanisms. The present study used a cored wire development IPNPN with additives of corundum. Wear resistant coatings of about 300 μm thickness were prepared through arc metallization of the flux-cored wires onto steel substrate. Technological modes of arc metallization such as current strength and arc voltage have a significant influence on the formation of coatings. The structure of coatings obtained at the current strength of 220-250, 250-280 and 280-300 A was studied. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structure of the metallized layer is characterized by a non-uniform layered structure. The distribution and number of reinforcing phases significantly affect the wear resistance, hardness and strength of the treated surface of machine parts and mechanisms. The study of the structure of the wear-resistant coating and the influence of technological modes of arc metallization on its formation will help in the further development of this method of surface treatment of parts and machines. Keywords— wire arc metallization, cored wire, wear-resistant coating, modification, powder wire, structure, corundum
电弧金属化是现代表面工程技术之一,可保证高质量的表面层。电弧喷涂工艺广泛应用于金属的防腐保护以及机械和机构磨损部件的修复。本研究采用添加刚玉的包芯线显影IPNPN。通过在钢基体上电弧金属化,制备了约300 μm厚度的耐磨损涂层。电弧金属化的工艺模式如电流强度和电弧电压对镀层的形成有重要影响。研究了电流强度为220 ~ 250a、250 ~ 280a和280 ~ 300a时涂层的结构。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和x射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层的微观结构进行了表征。金属化层的结构具有非均匀层状结构的特点。增强相的分布和数量对机械零件和机构表面的耐磨性、硬度和强度有显著影响。研究电弧金属化工艺模式对其形成的影响,有助于进一步发展这种零件和机械表面处理方法。关键词:电弧金属化,包芯线,耐磨涂层,改性,粉末线,结构,刚玉
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引用次数: 0
Study of Damping Properties of Titanium Tooling During Surface Grinding of Corrosion-Resistant Steel Parts 耐蚀钢零件表面磨削过程中钛合金刀具的阻尼特性研究
Y. Soler, A. B. Strelkov
The possibility of increasing the stability of the grinding process of corrosion-resistant steels using titanium alloy mandrels with a low modulus of elasticity is considered. The titanium alloy acts as an artificial damper to facilitate the absorbing of vibrations arising during processing. Keywords—absorbing of vibrations, error standard, CBN grinding, surface condition, roughness, multistep grinding
考虑了采用低弹性模量钛合金心轴提高耐蚀钢磨削过程稳定性的可能性。钛合金作为人工阻尼器,有助于吸收加工过程中产生的振动。关键词:振动吸收,误差标准,CBN磨削,表面状态,粗糙度,多级磨削
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引用次数: 0
Refined Method of Analyzing Potential Defects in Engineering Products 工程产品潜在缺陷分析的精细化方法
V. Miroshnikov, N. Borbac, A. Morozova
The analysis of the types and consequences of potential defects in engineering products based on the application of the theory of fuzzy sets is considered. The formulas of the corresponding linguistic variables are proposed. The calculation of the risk priority number based on mathematical operations with fuzzy numbers is given. The experimental verification of the proposed refined method of FMEA-analysis was carried out by the authors in order to improve the design of the car steering hydraulic booster. The use of elements of fuzzy sets theory in the FMEA procedure made it possible to move to such a powerful decision-making tool as a fuzzy logical conclusion, which is an approximation of the “inputsoutputs” relationship based on linguistic statements “ifthen” as well as logical operations on fuzzy sets. Keywords— FMEA, defects, analysis, products, engineering, fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, fuzzy inference.
基于模糊集理论的应用,对工程产品中潜在缺陷的类型和后果进行了分析。给出了相应语言变量的表达式。给出了基于模糊数数学运算的风险优先级数的计算方法。为了改进汽车转向液压助力器的设计,作者对所提出的改进fmea分析方法进行了实验验证。在FMEA程序中使用模糊集理论的元素使得有可能移动到模糊逻辑结论这样一个强大的决策工具,这是基于“如果”的语言陈述以及模糊集的逻辑运算的“输入输出”关系的近似值。关键词:FMEA,缺陷,分析,产品,工程,模糊集,语言变量,模糊推理。
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引用次数: 0
Trends of Development in the Use of Modified Oil Fractions in Aviation 改性油馏分在航空领域应用的发展趋势
O. I. Doshlov, I. O. Doshlov, I. Bobarika, M. Kovalev
— The paper is devoted to review of existing aviation fluids, analysing their weaknesses and technology trends create aviation fluids, kerosene, lighter-oiling materials on the basis of modification of petroleum products.
-本文专门审查了现有的航空流体,分析了它们的弱点和技术趋势,在石油产品改性的基础上创造了航空流体、煤油、轻质油材料。
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引用次数: 0
Repairing Crumpling and Wear Defects of Rails in the Zone of Electrocontact Welded Joints by Electric Arc Surfacing 电弧堆焊修复电接触焊接接头区钢轨起皱和磨损缺陷
Dmitry Nezhivlyak, A. Nezhivlyak, M. Grechneva
The actual problem is the outage of rails in the continuous path made by electric contact welding. Among the main causes of the outages are defects of contact-fatigue origin, buckling, wear, and thermomechanical damage. A possibility to use electric arc surfacing to repair defective rails is analyzed. Keywords— defects of crumpling and wear of rail connections, electric arc welding, metallographic studies
实际问题是在电接触焊接的连续路径中轨道的中断。造成故障的主要原因是接触疲劳、屈曲、磨损和热机械损伤。分析了电弧堆焊修复缺陷钢轨的可能性。关键词:钢轨连接件起皱磨损缺陷,电弧焊,金相研究
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of the Dynamics of a Carriage Taking into Account the Geometric Nonlinearity of Displacements and Deformation 考虑位移和变形几何非线性的车厢动力学建模
A. Tarmaev, G. Petrov, V. N. Filippov
—A mathematical model of a carriage is presented, describing movement taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of displacements and deformations in terms of the body, carriage frames, bolsters and wheel sets. In the design scheme, symmetric linear dimensions can be taken unequal, which allows evaluating the effect of tolerances on dimensions that occur in the manufacture and repair of the car, on the dynamic performance of the car. For the analysis of the dynamics of the car computational methods of numerical integration were used, as well as finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The matrix-vector notation of differential equations allowed us to isolate linear and non-linear components. For the linearized model, the eigenvalue problem and the vector are solved, which gives a priori idea of the resonant states of the car in dynamics. Taking into account large angular displacements the equations of the deformations of the elastic connections of the car are obtained. The linearized model is permissible to apply to the study of the oscillations of the car when driving along straight sections of the road and flat curves. The proposed model, which takes into account the geometric nonlinearity of displacements and deformations, should be used to study the dynamics of the car in steep curves.
-一个数学模型的马车,描述运动考虑到几何非线性的位移和变形方面的身体,马车框架,支撑和轮对。在设计方案中,对称的线性尺寸可以取为不相等,这允许评估在汽车制造和修理中发生的尺寸公差对汽车动态性能的影响。采用数值积分的计算方法,求出特征值和特征向量,对汽车的动力学特性进行了分析。微分方程的矩阵-向量表示法使我们能够分离线性和非线性分量。对于线性化模型,求解了特征值问题和向量问题,给出了汽车动力学共振状态的先验概念。在考虑大角位移的情况下,得到了汽车弹性连接的变形方程。线性化模型可用于研究汽车在直线路段和平坦弯道上行驶时的振动。该模型考虑了位移和变形的几何非线性,可用于研究汽车在陡峭曲线上的动力学特性。
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引用次数: 1
Non Sinusoidal Modes of Traction Power Supply Systems Equipped with Reactive Power Compensation 无功补偿牵引供电系统的非正弦模式
Vasily Zakaryukin, A. Cherepanov
—Rectifier electric locomotives create essential harmonic distortions in tractive electric power supply systems. Because of the higher harmonics, overloads on capacitor banks are possible. Capacitors are a basic element of reactive power sources applied in power supply systems. In case of harmonic increased levels such overloads can lead to out of reactive sources operation. Therefore the task of possible overload prediction has the practical significance. It acquires special relevance when planning the pass of increased mass trains. In article the computer simulation technique allowing to define an capacitor batteries overload in the presence of higher harmonics currents is described. It is shown that the task of overload prediction can be solved by means of nonsinusoidal mode simulation for the schedulable amount of train movement by the methods and means developed at the Irkutsk state transport university. Simulation was carried out by the program Fazonord complex for the tractive power supply system including five inter substation zones of 27.5 kV two-way tractive network section. The received results showed that overloads of capacitor banks can be lowered to acceptable values by means of the protective reactor. In case of reactor switch-off an overload coefficients become unacceptably big. The offered computer simulation technique gives the chance to define capacitor batteries overloads in the presence of a non-sinusoidal curve currents and voltage. Technique application in practice will allow avoiding emergency situations which can lead to failure of the expensive equipment.
整流式电力机车在牵引供电系统中造成了重要的谐波畸变。由于较高的谐波,电容组上的过载是可能的。电容器是供电系统中无功电源的基本元件。在谐波电平增加的情况下,这种过载可能导致无功电源运行。因此,进行可能过载预测的任务具有现实意义。在规划增加的大规模列车通行时,它具有特殊的相关性。本文描述了允许在高次谐波电流存在下定义电容器电池过载的计算机模拟技术。结果表明,利用伊尔库茨克国立交通大学开发的方法和手段,对列车可调度运行量进行非正弦模态仿真,可以解决列车过载预测问题。利用Fazonord complex软件对27.5 kV双向牵引网段5个变间区牵引供电系统进行了仿真。结果表明,采用保护电抗器可以将电容器组的过载降低到可接受的范围内。在反应堆关闭的情况下,过载系数变得大得不可接受。所提供的计算机模拟技术提供了在非正弦曲线电流和电压存在下定义电容器电池过载的机会。技术在实践中的应用将避免可能导致昂贵设备故障的紧急情况。
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引用次数: 0
Methods of Aggregated Vehicle Ownership Cost Estimation 汇总车辆拥有成本估算方法
A. Butuzova, S. Iatsenko, O. Prokofieva
— The article is devoted to the issue of a reasonable choice of a vehicle by a consumer on the basis of its aggregated ownership cost. The developed method of estimating the aggregated vehicle ownership cost provides an opportunity to compare different types of vehicles and choose vehicles with the lowest cost in the conditions of intended operation. Wherein, the method can be used either by private vehicle individual owners or by commercial organizations. Theory of car operation; theory of transportation costs; probability theory and mathematical statistics; mathematical modeling of processes. The specific indicators to estimate the aggregated cost of the full cycle of vehicle ownership have been determined. A universal methodology to estimate the aggregated vehicle ownership cost has been developed to provide possibility to compare various types of vehicles and choose vehicles with the lowest cost in the conditions of intended operation. The model for estimating the aggregated vehicle ownership cost has been theoretically justified. The algorithm to calculate specific indicators of the aggregated vehicle ownership cost has been developed. The method to estimate the aggregated vehicle ownership cost has been proposed to make calculation and evaluation of the specific indicators of the aggregated vehicle ownership cost, depending on its type and annual mileage, possible.
-这篇文章专门讨论消费者根据其总拥有成本合理选择车辆的问题。所开发的估计车辆总拥有成本的方法为比较不同类型的车辆提供了机会,并在预期运行条件下选择成本最低的车辆。其中,该方法既可由私家车个人车主使用,也可由商业机构使用。汽车操作理论;运输成本理论;概率论与数理统计;过程的数学建模。已经确定了估计车辆拥有整个周期的总成本的具体指标。已经开发出一种估计车辆总拥有成本的通用方法,以便能够比较各种类型的车辆并选择在预期运行条件下成本最低的车辆。从理论上证明了估算车辆总拥有成本的模型是正确的。提出了计算车辆总拥有成本具体指标的算法。提出了估算车辆总拥有成本的方法,使车辆总拥有成本的具体指标能够根据车辆类型和年行驶里程进行计算和评价。
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引用次数: 0
Method for a Multi-Objective Selection of a Fluid Power Drive Based on Analysis of Its Design, Operational and Dynamic Characteristics 基于设计、运行和动态特性分析的流体动力传动多目标选择方法
P. Kazakov, V. Kazakov
— The approach for a multi-objective selection of fluid power drive based on information of its design, operational and dynamic characteristics is proposed. It uses the optimal Pareto variants of a fluid power drive found at the stage of multiobjective optimization. The operational and dynamic characteristics are evaluated for the optimal fluid power drive selection related of the current problem of design.
-提出了基于设计、运行和动态特性信息的流体动力传动多目标选择方法。它使用在多目标优化阶段发现的流体动力驱动的最优帕累托变量。对与当前设计问题相关的流体动力传动的最佳选择进行了工作特性和动态特性的评价。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Headlight Contamination on the Stopping Distance and Maximum Allowable Speed on Roads Covered with Chemical Anti-Icing Materials 化学防冰材料路面上前照灯污染对停车距离和最大允许速度的影响
A. Fedotov, V. O. Gromalova, S. M. Gergenov
The article aims to identify the influence of headlight contamination on the stopping distance and allowable speed on roads covered with chemical anti-icing materials at night. Headlight contamination effects were analyzed for determining the maximum allowable vehicle speed on winter roads covered with chemical anti-icing materials in dark conditions. The maximum allowable speed and stopping distance of the vehicle with contaminated headlights were calculated accounting for road visibility in dark conditions. New data on the influence of car headlight contamination, length of its stopping distance and maximum allowable speed on roads covered with chemical anti-icing materials were obtained.
本文旨在确定在夜间覆盖化学防冰材料的道路上,前照灯污染对停车距离和允许速度的影响。为了确定化学防冰材料覆盖的冬季道路在黑暗条件下的最大允许车速,分析了前照灯污染效应。考虑黑暗条件下道路能见度,计算了污染前照灯车辆的最大允许速度和停车距离。获得了在化学防冰材料覆盖路面上汽车前照灯污染、停车距离长度和最大允许速度的影响新数据。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the International Conference on Aviamechanical Engineering and Transport (AviaENT 2019)
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