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Specifics of Aircraft Operation and Possibilities for Improvement in Forecasting Used for Meteorological Support of Flights in the Arctic 飞机运行的细节和改进用于北极飞行气象支持的预报的可能性
V. Demchuk, N. Moiseeva
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引用次数: 1
Influence of Allowance Value on Formation of Surface Roughness During Grinding with Flap Wheels After Shot Peen Forming 抛丸成形后摆轮磨削余量对表面粗糙度形成的影响
V. Koltsov, T. Le, D. Starodubtseva
– In the aircraft industry to obtain the necessary form of long panels and sheaths the shot peen forming is successfully used. Due to impact of shot on the processed surface, the specific microgeometry is formed, the characteristic feature of this microgeometry are the numerous dimples of shot with different diameters and depths. At the same time, the depth of the dimples significantly exceeds the valleys of the surface microroughnesses formed as a result of the previous treatment. The presence of these dimples leads to an increase in surface roughness. Therefore, after shot peening the mandatory requirement is implementation of surface grinding with flap wheels for partial removal of the shot dimples. During grinding with flap wheels, depending on the value of allowance for grinding on the treated surface, a new microrelief is formed in the form of a combination of the traces of abrasive grains of flap wheels during grinding and the remains of the dimples from shot peen forming. Since the dimples have a spherical shape with a much larger radius of curvature than their depth, they have a specific effect on the degree of coverage of dimples, roughness and removal of material of treated surface. The paper presents an analytical description about the change process of the area covered with current dimples and roughness during grinding with flap wheels around the surface pre-treated with shot peening depending on the set value of allowance. Based on the results of the research, mathematical models were built to determine the current area of coverage with dimples, the average value of the depth and degree of coverage of the remaining dimples, the amount of material removed from the treated surface and roughness during grinding with flap wheels, and a numerical method for determining the allowance for obtaining the permissible degree of coverage and the required values of roughness.
在飞机工业中,为了获得长板和护套的必要形状,成功地使用了喷丸成形。由于弹丸对被加工表面的冲击,形成了特定的微观几何形状,这种微观几何形状的特征是弹丸形成了许多不同直径和深度的凹痕。同时,凹窝的深度明显超过了由于先前处理而形成的表面微粗糙度的山谷。这些凹陷的存在导致表面粗糙度的增加。因此,抛丸强化后的强制性要求是用瓣轮进行表面磨削,以部分去除抛丸凹痕。在抛物轮磨削过程中,根据被加工表面的磨削余量,在抛物轮磨削过程中磨粒的痕迹和喷丸形成的凹痕的残余的组合形式形成一个新的微浮雕。由于凹窝呈球形,曲率半径比其深度大得多,因此它们对凹窝的覆盖程度、粗糙度和处理表面材料的去除有特定的影响。本文分析了喷丸预处理表面在颤振轮磨削过程中,随余量设定值的变化过程,以及颤振轮磨削过程中裂纹覆盖面积和粗糙度的变化过程。在此基础上,建立了确定当前凹坑覆盖面积、剩余凹坑覆盖深度和覆盖程度平均值、颤轮磨削过程中被加工表面去除量和粗糙度的数学模型,并给出了确定获得允许覆盖程度和粗糙度要求值的余量的数值方法。
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引用次数: 2
Technology of Aerodynamic Separation of Industrial Room 工业厂房气动分离技术
T. Vedernikova, G. Rusetskaya, A. Govorkov, A. D. Kolosov, A. Suhanov
—To obtain an appropriate picture of emissions through the aeration lantern of the block based on the location of the experimental area, a flexible shut-off screen was applied together with electrolyzers RA-400. Sampling was carried out along the horizon of the upper edge of the electrolyzer with the fully covered tub and during the exposing by means of the quick-detachable/installed attachments. The study of aerodynamics and the sampling of extended sources – the aeration lantern, input ventilation and the area above the depressurized electrolyzer – was carried out under moderate weather conditions (no strong winds) and close to mean standard atmospheric pressure and humidity. According to the results of instrumental studies through the use of formulas for the calculation of aerodynamic parameters, the following characteristics of dust-gas-air flows organized by the gas suction and gas-cleaning systems were calculated: the density of gas medium in operating conditions; the dust-gas-air flow motion speed at the site of measurement; the volume of gas under operating conditions; the volume of gas under normal conditions. With the electrolyzer covered, at the point closest to the gas removal system, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the sample was the lowest. Further, with the increasing distance from the gas removal system, the concentration increased slightly, but at both points was below the MAC (maximum allowable concentration). The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (expressed as fluorine) in the gas removal system was defined. In the mode of replacement of anodes, the volume of gas removal increased. The concentration of hydrofluoride was also below the maximum permissible concentration in the operation area. The concentration increases before the anodes replacement point was negligible, and at the third point after the covers removal was quite noticeable. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (expressed as fluorine) in the gas removal system is defined.
为了根据实验区的位置获得适当的通过块通气灯的排放图像,使用了柔性关闭屏幕和RA-400电解槽。采样沿着电解槽上边缘的水平面进行,并在暴露期间通过快速可拆卸/安装的附件进行。空气动力学研究和扩展源的采样-曝气灯,输入通风和减压电解槽上方的区域-在温和的天气条件下(没有强风)进行,接近平均标准大气压和湿度。根据仪器研究结果,利用气动参数计算公式,计算了由气体吸入系统和气体净化系统组织的粉尘-气体-空气流动的以下特征:工作状态下气体介质的密度;测量现场粉尘-气体-空气流动运动速度;运行条件下的气量;正常情况下的气体体积。盖上电解槽后,在最靠近气体去除系统的地方,样品中过氧化氢的浓度最低。此外,随着离除气系统距离的增加,浓度略有增加,但两者均低于MAC(最大允许浓度)。确定了除气系统中过氧化氢(以氟表示)的浓度。在更换阳极的方式下,气体去除量增加。作业区域的氢氟化物浓度也低于最大允许浓度。在阳极更换点之前,浓度的增加可以忽略不计,而在去除覆盖物后的第三点,浓度的增加非常明显。确定了除气系统中过氧化氢(以氟表示)的浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Generalized Trip Cost: One of the Estimation Approaches 广义出行成本:一种估算方法
A. Levashev
— The solution of modern transport planning problems, aimed at improving the quality of transport service for all the users of the city’s transport infrastructure, requires application of modeling tools to describe components of urban areas, transport infrastructure and transport behavior. The IrNITU NI Transport Laboratory proposed several approaches for estimating the generalized trip cost, taking into account the time spent on searching for a parking place and parking fees for off-street parking. The proposed approaches for estimating the components of the generalized private vehicles trip cost can be applied to plan paid parking lots and tariff policies, as well as to plan a system of commuter parking lots (Park and Ride).
-解决现代运输规划问题的目的是提高城市运输基础设施所有用户的运输服务质量,需要应用建模工具来描述城市地区、运输基础设施和运输行为的组成部分。IrNITU NI运输实验室提出了几种估算总体出行成本的方法,将寻找停车位所花费的时间和非街道停车位的停车费考虑在内。所提出的估算广义私家车出行成本组成部分的方法可应用于规划付费停车场和收费政策,以及规划通勤停车场系统(泊车和换乘)。
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引用次数: 0
Data Transfer Problems at the Host-Computer Level and Methods to Improve the Performance of Computations on Heterogeneous Systems 主机级数据传输问题及提高异构系统计算性能的方法
A. Bashkirov, V. Glotov, N. Astakhov, A. A. Pirogov, Anastasia Kalyadina, T. Glotova
In theory, graphics processing units largely exceed central processing units by the degree of performance. But in order to load the GPU with computing tasks to the boundary levels of its maximum performance, the task has to be divided into streams. The number of streams should be comparable to or, to some extent, exceed the value of stream processors of the GPU. Nowadays, modern graphics cards have dozens of thousands of streaming processors. This means that the task of ensuring the division into streams in computation of a sufficient degree of the GPU utilization can be either impossible or very difficult, and the solution to this problem is a “weak point” of the whole method of using the GPU, and offsets its advantages in comparison with the CPU. This scientific article is devoted to this problem. Keywords— processor, video card, pseudorandom number
理论上,图形处理单元在性能上大大超过中央处理单元。但是,为了使GPU的计算任务加载到其最大性能的边界水平,必须将任务划分为流。流的数量应该与GPU的流处理器数量相当,或者在某种程度上超过GPU的流处理器数量。如今,现代显卡有成千上万的流处理器。这意味着确保在计算中划分足够程度的GPU利用率的流的任务要么是不可能的,要么是非常困难的,解决这个问题是使用GPU的整个方法的“弱点”,并且抵消了它与CPU相比的优势。这篇科学文章专门讨论这个问题。关键词:处理器,显卡,伪随机数
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引用次数: 0
Optimization Models for Making Infrastructure Investments for Coal Mines 煤矿基础设施投资的优化模型
V. Y. Konyuhov, A. Gladkih, I. I. Galyautdinov, E. I. Shchadova
The paper describes analysis of the environmental activities state in the industry. Methodology implementation of the three-level models system will not only create a competitive technique and technology with a conscious and controlled quality level for environmental safety and purity, but will also provide a high integration degree of information that is necessary to predict the development of social engineering systems as elements of the noosphere. Keywords—competitive technique; social engineering systems; integration; noosphere
本文对该行业的环境活动状况进行了分析。三级模型系统的方法论实施不仅将创造一种具有竞争力的技术和技术,具有有意识和可控的环境安全和纯度质量水平,而且还将提供高度集成的信息,这对于预测社会工程系统作为人类领域元素的发展是必要的。Keywords-competitive技巧;社会工程系统;集成;人类知识的总和
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of Functional Road Condition Management 功能性道路状况管理的概念
A. Bazhanov, R. S. Shamanov
Currently, there is the practical reliability of roads in terms of safety, durability, maintainability, operability and other important consumer properties of the groups of providing of significant speed, continuity, convenience and traffic safety. These include throughput and traffic load, permissible axle load, total weight and dimensions of cars permitted for the movement, the level of road service, ecological, ergonomic and aesthetic properties of the road. All of these are inferior to the benchmark reliability and other important consumer properties of roads of the advanced world countries. A new concept for the functional management of reliability and other most important consumer properties of domestic roads are proposed. The concept is focused on the management of these indicators of reliability and other most important consumer properties of domestic roads in order to ensure their values. They are not lower than the levels of values of reliability indicators and other major consumer properties of advanced world countries. The concept is based on the fundamental fragments of the proposed typical technical project for an automated control system.
目前,道路的实用可靠性在安全性、耐久性、可维护性、可操作性等重要性能方面为消费者群体提供了显著的快速性、连续性、便利性和交通安全性。这些包括吞吐量和交通负荷、允许轴负荷、允许移动的汽车的总重量和尺寸、道路服务水平、道路的生态、人体工程学和美学特性。所有这些都不如发达国家道路的基准可靠性和其他重要消费性能。提出了一种对国内道路可靠性和其他最重要的消费特性进行功能管理的新概念。这个概念的重点是管理这些可靠性指标和其他最重要的国内道路消费属性,以确保其价值。不低于世界先进国家的可靠性指标等主要消费属性值水平。这个概念是基于被提议的典型自动化控制系统技术项目的基本片段。
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引用次数: 1
Method for Calculating Carbon Dioxide Еmissions of Cars Using Vegetable Oil as a Diesel Fuel Additive 使用植物油作为柴油燃料添加剂的汽车二氧化碳计算方法Еmissions
S. Krivtsov, T. I. Krivtsova, K. E. Skrebnev, A. Syrbakov
The article is devoted to the method for calculating carbon dioxide еmissions of cars using vegetable oil as a diesel fuel additive. The method based on the fundamental principles of the theory of automobiles and supplemented by revealed patterns allows for analytical calculation of carbon dioxide emissions when using mixed fuels. The method used for calculating carbon dioxide emissions involves using dependencies between specific effective consumption, effective power and the share of rapeseed oil in fuel mixture.
本文研究了以植物油为柴油燃料添加剂的汽车二氧化碳排放量的计算方法。该方法以汽车理论的基本原理为基础,辅以揭示的模式,可以对使用混合燃料时的二氧化碳排放量进行分析计算。用于计算二氧化碳排放量的方法涉及使用特定有效消耗量,有效功率和燃料混合物中菜籽油的份额之间的依赖关系。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Processing Technology in Improving Operational Properties of Hot-Work Tool Steel 提高热加工工具钢使用性能的表面处理技术
N. Ulakhanov, U. Mishigdorzhiyn, A. Greshilov, A. Tikhonov, I. Ryzhikov
The present study is devoted to the surface processing technology of 3Х2В8Ф hot-work tool steel and the effect on its operational properties. The surface processing included thermal-chemical treatment (TCT) and surface finishing. Boroaluminizing (joint diffusion with boron and aluminum) was chosen as a TCT method. Steel samples were covered by a treatment paste, containing boron carbide, aluminum and sodium fluoride powders. The exposure time was 2 hours and the treatment temperature 950°C and 1050°C. The surface finishing was carried out by an elbor grinding tool to coordinate grinding on a vertical milling machine. The diffusion layers with a composite structure were formed on top of the steel as a result of TCT at 1050°C. Processing at 950°C resulted in a diffusion layer formation with layered structure. The surface roughness after boroaluminizing have increased from initial Ra 1.5 μm to Ra 4 μm after 950°C TCT and to Ra 7.7 μm after 1050°C TCT. The roughness increase was due to surface reactions with air components, such as oxygen and nitrogen, as well as their penetration to the upper zones. Applying surface finishing as a final mechanical operation (FMO) resulted in roughness reduction from the above mentioned values to Ra 0.09 μm to Ra 0.43 μm, respectively. In addition, the upper redundant zone of the layer was removed with no damage done to the inner zones by means of FMO. The provided surface quality ensures sufficient operational properties of the machine parts and details made of this particular steel. Keywords— thermal-chemical treatment, boroaluminizing, composite structure, roughness, surface finishing
研究了3Х2В8Ф热加工工具钢的表面加工工艺及其对其使用性能的影响。表面处理包括热化学处理(TCT)和表面处理。选择硼铝共渗(硼铝结合扩散)作为TCT方法。钢样品被一种含有碳化硼、铝和氟化钠粉末的处理膏覆盖。曝光时间为2小时,处理温度为950℃和1050℃。在立式铣床上,用手摇磨具对表面进行协调磨削。在1050℃高温下,在钢的表面形成具有复合结构的扩散层。在950℃下加工,形成具有层状结构的扩散层。950℃TCT处理后,表面粗糙度从初始Ra 1.5 μm提高到Ra 4 μm, 1050℃TCT处理后,表面粗糙度提高到Ra 7.7 μm。粗糙度的增加是由于表面与空气成分(如氧气和氮气)的反应以及它们对上部区域的渗透。将表面精加工作为最后的机械操作(FMO),使粗糙度从上述值分别降至Ra 0.09 μm至Ra 0.43 μm。此外,通过FMO去除了层的上部冗余区,对内层无损伤。所提供的表面质量确保由这种特殊钢材制成的机器部件和细节具有足够的操作性能。关键词:热化学处理,硼渗铝,复合结构,粗糙度,表面处理
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引用次数: 1
Determining a Rational Composition of Diesel Mixture in Terms of Antiwear Characteristics 从抗磨特性的角度确定柴油机混合气的合理组成
A. P. Bychenin, I. Ukhanova, O. Volodko, A. Ukhanov
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the International Conference on Aviamechanical Engineering and Transport (AviaENT 2019)
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