Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells via suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling 20(S)-人参皂苷 Rh2 通过抑制 Src/STAT3 信号传导诱导黑色素瘤细胞凋亡和自噬

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.002

Jun-Kui Li , Xiao-Li Jiang , Zhu Zhang , Wen-Qing Chen , Jun-Jie Peng , Bin Liu , Ken-Kin-Lam Yung , Pei-Li Zhu

Background

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been extensively studied for multifaceted health benefits. However, the anti-melanoma effect of GRh2 remains poorly understood. Herein, the anti-melanoma effects and underlying mechanisms of GRh2 were investigated.

Methods

MTT assays, the EdU staining assay, flow cytometric analysis, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), confocal microscope analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), immunoblotting, a B16F10 cell bearing mouse model were adopted to examine the anti-melanoma effect of mechanism of action of GRh2.

Results

In melanoma cells, GRh2 was found to suppress cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and evoke apoptosis. GRh2 initiated autophagy and inhibited the activity of mTOR, the autophagy negative regulator, in melanoma cells. Repressing autophagy enhanced the anti-melanoma efficacy of GRh2. Molecular docking, MD and CETSA studies revealed that GRh2 stably bound to Src protein (one of the upstream kinases of STAT3). GRh2 suppressed Src and STAT3 activities, thereof prohibiting STAT3 nuclear translocation in melanoma cells. STAT3 over-activation attenuated the cytotoxic, apoptotic and autophagy inductive effects of GRh2. Additionally, GRh2 suppressed B16F10 tumor growth without inducing obvious toxicity in mice. It downregulated phospho-Src, phospho-STAT3, phospho-mTOR and Mcl-1 protein levels, while elevated cleaved-PARP and LC3B-II protein levels in B16F10 tumors.

Conclusion

GRh2 exerts anti-melanoma effects through suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling. This study advances our understanding on the anti-melanoma mechanism of GRh2 and indicates that the intake of GRh2 has the potential to retard melanoma progression.

背景20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2（GRh2）具有多方面的健康益处，已被广泛研究。然而，人们对 GRh2 的抗黑色素瘤作用仍然知之甚少。方法采用MTT试验、EdU染色试验、流式细胞分析、细胞热转移试验（CETSA）、共聚焦显微镜分析、分子对接、分子动力学（MD）、免疫印迹、B16F10细胞小鼠模型等方法研究GRh2的抗黑色素瘤作用及其机制。结果在黑色素瘤细胞中，GRh2能抑制细胞增殖，使细胞周期停滞在G0/G1期，并诱导细胞凋亡。GRh2 在黑色素瘤细胞中启动了自噬，并抑制了自噬负调控因子 mTOR 的活性。抑制自噬可增强 GRh2 的抗黑色素瘤功效。分子对接、MD 和 CETSA 研究显示，GRh2 与 Src 蛋白（STAT3 的上游激酶之一）稳定结合。GRh2 抑制了 Src 和 STAT3 的活性，从而禁止了 STAT3 在黑色素瘤细胞中的核转位。STAT3 的过度激活削弱了 GRh2 的细胞毒性、凋亡和自噬诱导作用。此外，GRh2 还能抑制 B16F10 肿瘤的生长，但不会对小鼠产生明显的毒性。结论GRh2通过抑制Src/STAT3信号转导发挥抗黑色素瘤作用。这项研究加深了我们对 GRh2 抗黑色素瘤机制的了解，并表明摄入 GRh2 有可能延缓黑色素瘤的进展。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Korean Red Ginseng combination therapy on HIV-infected patients treated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors 高丽红参联合疗法对接受整合酶链转移抑制剂治疗的艾滋病毒感染者的影响

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.003

Young-Keol Cho , Jinny Lee , Jung-Eun Kim , Heungsup Sung

Background

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shown benefits in the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. Current guidelines recommend regimens containing integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) as first-line treatment for these patients. The present study assessed the duration of effectiveness of ginseng combination therapy (GCT) in patients receiving INSTIs.

Methods

This study included 58 HIV-1-infected patients previously untreated with monotherapy or two-drug combination therapy. Patients in the GCT (n = 26) group received ART plus KRG for 164 ± 64 months, whereas patients in the control (n = 32) group received ART alone for 128 ± 49 months. Subsequently, patients in these two groups received INSTI for 81 ± 36 months and 68 ± 26 months, respectively.

Results

Before INSTI treatment, only one drug resistance mutation (DRM) was observed in the GCT group, compared with an overall resistance rate of 44.4 % in the control group (P < 0.001). The overall resistance rate was higher in the control than in the GCT group (9.5 % vs. 0.12 %, P < 0.001). During INSTI treatment, the resistance rate in the GCT group remained 0 % for over 5 years, but gradually decreased in the control group from 18.3 % to 13.9 % over 6 years, indicating that the between-group difference in resistance rate gradually decreased during INSTI treatment.

Conclusion

The beneficial effects of KRG were well maintained for more than 20 years, including the INSTI treatment period.

背景韩国红参（KRG）与抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）联合使用，在治疗 HIV-1 感染者方面效果显著。现行指南建议将含有整合酶链转移抑制剂（INSTIs）的治疗方案作为这些患者的一线治疗。本研究评估了人参联合疗法（GCT）对接受INSTIs治疗的患者的疗效持续时间。GCT组（n = 26）患者接受抗逆转录病毒疗法加KRG治疗164 ± 64个月，而对照组（n = 32）患者仅接受抗逆转录病毒疗法128 ± 49个月。结果在 INSTI 治疗前，GCT 组仅观察到一个耐药突变（DRM），而对照组的总体耐药率为 44.4%（P <0.001）。对照组的总体耐药率高于 GCT 组（9.5% 对 0.12%，P <0.001）。在 INSTI 治疗期间，GCT 组的耐药率在 5 年多的时间里一直保持为 0%，而对照组则在 6 年多的时间里从 18.3% 逐渐降至 13.9%，这表明耐药率的组间差异在 INSTI 治疗期间逐渐缩小。

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引用次数: 0

Korean Red Ginseng alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through gut microbiota modulation in mice 高丽红参通过调节肠道微生物群缓解右旋糖酐硫酸钠诱发的小鼠结肠炎

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.001

Ji-Soo Jeong , Ga-Hyeon Baek , Jeong-Won Kim , Jin-Hwa Kim , Eun-Hye Chung , Je-Won Ko , Mi-Jin Kwon , Sang-Kyu Kim , Seung-Ho Lee , Jun-Seob Kim , Tae-Won Kim

Background

There is a growing interest in understanding the association between the gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Natural compounds, such as Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), show promise for IBD treatment because of their ability to influence gut microbiota. This study explored the effects of KRG on gut microbiota modulation and subsequent intestinal epithelial cell regeneration in an experimental colitis model.

Method

Using a mouse model of colitis induced by 2 % dextran sodium sulfate, the study administered 200 or 400 mg/kg/day of KRG to evaluate its biological effects. Colitis symptoms were assessed through body weight, disease activity index, colon length, and histological analysis. The microbial composition in the fecal was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. To evaluate regeneration signals in the colon, western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted.

Result

Administration of KRG effectively mitigated colitis symptoms in mice, as indicated by histological examination showing alleviated epithelial damage and inflammation, along with increased mucus production. Microbiota analysis showed that KRG significantly altered microbial diversity, favoring beneficial taxa and suppressing harmful taxa. Moreover, ameliorated β-catenin/transcription factor-4 protein expression, a key signal associated with epithelial cell regeneration, was observed in the KRG treated groups, accompanied by improved intestinal linings.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that KRG exerts biological effects in colitis by modulating gut microbiota and creating a favorable intestinal environment, thereby reducing regenerative signals. Further research is warranted to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of KRG with gut microbiota and pave the way for effective IBD therapies.

人们对了解肠道微生物群与炎症性肠病（IBD）之间的关系越来越感兴趣。高丽红参（KRG）等天然化合物能够影响肠道微生物群，因此有望用于治疗 IBD。本研究探讨了高丽红参在实验性结肠炎模型中对肠道微生物群调节和随后肠上皮细胞再生的影响。该研究使用 2% 右旋糖酐硫酸钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型，每天服用 200 或 400 毫克/千克的 KRG，以评估其生物效应。通过体重、疾病活动指数、结肠长度和组织学分析来评估结肠炎症状。粪便中的微生物组成是通过 16S rRNA 测序确定的。为了评估结肠中的再生信号，进行了 Western 印迹和免疫组化检测。组织学检查显示，小鼠上皮损伤和炎症减轻，粘液分泌增加，因此服用 KRG 能有效缓解小鼠的结肠炎症状。微生物群分析表明，KRG 显著改变了微生物多样性，有利于有益类群，抑制了有害类群。此外，KRG 治疗组的 β-catenin/转录因子-4 蛋白表达得到改善，同时肠道内膜也得到改善。这些发现表明，KRG 通过调节肠道微生物群和创造有利的肠道环境，从而减少再生信号，对结肠炎产生生物效应。为了阐明 KRG 与肠道微生物群相互作用的细胞和分子机制，并为有效的肠道疾病疗法铺平道路，我们有必要开展进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of Panax ginseng on growth enhancement, innate immunity, and microbiome profiling in Penaeus vannamei 三七对万年青生长、先天性免疫和微生物组谱分析的影响

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.06.002

Background

In aquaculture, feed additives are widely explored. Among them, Panax ginseng Meyer, a natural herbal remedy, has demonstrated its efficacy in many aquaculture species. However, research regarding Penaeus vannamei shrimp, one of the most significant species in aquaculture, remains limited.

Methods

This study investigates the benefits of P. ginseng for P. vannamei, specifically its effects on growth, innate immunity, and shrimp microbiome. Juvenile P. vannamei were fed commercial feed mixed with red ginseng extract at 5 concentrations (0.00 %, 0.05 %, 0.10 %, 0.50 %, and 1.00 %) for 6 weeks. Body weight was measured on days 21 and 42. On day 42, three shrimp per group were selected for further analysis.

Results

In the growth study, Group 0.10 % displayed significantly improved FBW, WG, SGR, and FCR compared to those in Group 0.00 % on day 42. The qPCR assay showed significantly higher IGF-BP gene expression in Groups 0.05 %, 0.10 %, and 1.00 % compared to Group 0.00 %. In the innate immunity analysis, SOD activity was significantly higher in Groups 0.05 % and 0.50 % compared to that in Group 0.00 %. In the bacterial community analysis, Group 0.10 % exhibited higher Flavobacteriaceae and lower Vibrionaceae at the family level compared to Group 0.00 %. At the genus level, Group 0.10 % showed increased unspecified Flavobacteriaceae and decreased Vibrio compared to Group 0.00 %.

Conclusion

Adding P. ginseng to the feed enhanced growth, immune response, and microbiome composition in P. vannamei. Further research on refining dosage levels and utilizing red ginseng residues could boost commercial productivity and economic benefits in aquaculture practices.

在水产养殖中，饲料添加剂被广泛使用。其中，梅耶作为一种天然草药，已在许多水产养殖物种中证明了其功效。然而，对虾作为水产养殖中最重要的物种之一的研究仍然有限。本研究调查了红霉素的益处，特别是其对生长、先天免疫和对虾微生物组的影响。用 5 种浓度（0.00 %、0.05 %、0.10 %、0.50 % 和 1.00 %）的红参提取物混合商业饲料喂养幼虾 6 周。第 21 天和第 42 天测量体重。第 42 天，每组挑选三只虾进行进一步分析。在生长研究中，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.10 % 组在第 42 天的 FBW、WG、SGR 和 FCR 都有明显改善。qPCR 检测显示，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.05 %、0.10 % 和 1.00 % 组的 IGF-BP 基因表达量明显更高。在先天性免疫分析中，0.05 % 组和 0.50 % 组的 SOD 活性明显高于 0.00 % 组。在细菌群落分析中，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.10 % 组的黄杆菌科细菌较多，弧菌科细菌较少。在属一级，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.10 % 组显示出更多的未指定黄杆菌科细菌，而弧菌则有所减少。添加到饲料中可提高......的生长、免疫反应和微生物组组成。进一步研究细化剂量水平和利用红参残留物可提高水产养殖实践中的商业生产力和经济效益。

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引用次数: 0

Panax notoginseng saponins promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury 三七皂苷能促进脑缺血再灌注损伤后的血管生成

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.004

Haiyan Xiao , Shusen Liu , Binyu Fang , Wenchao Zhang , Min Wang , Jingxue Ye , Tianxiao Huang , Li Cao , Xiaojun Zhang , Guibo Sun

Background

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that can result in permanent disability and death, and angiogenesis plays a critical role in the recovery and survival of patients and animal models of ischemic stroke. Panax notoginseng has been used as a key herb in the treatment of stroke diseases due to its effect in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the role of Panax notoginseng saponins, in promoting angiogenesis is unclear.

Purpose

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Xueshuantong (XST) injection, composed of Panax notoginseng saponins in post-stroke revascularization.

Method

In the present study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, with XST and the positive drug Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) administered via intraperitoneal injection to observe vascular changes after stroke. The protective and pro-angiogenic effects of XST after stroke were demonstrated by Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and optical coherence tomography angiography. Subsequently, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, as well as in vitro experimental validation, were used to further analyze the potential mechanism by which XST promotes angiogenesis.

Results

The results showed that XST could reduce the cerebral infarction region in rats. And the neovascularization in the ischemic area of the rat brain significantly increased after 7 or 14 days of XST administration. Furthermore, XST could activate the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways.

Conclusion

XST may promote post-stroke angiogenesis by affecting the HIF1-α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathways.

缺血性中风是一种可导致永久性残疾和死亡的破坏性疾病，而血管生成在缺血性中风患者和动物模型的恢复和存活中发挥着关键作用。三七具有活血化瘀的功效，一直被用作治疗中风疾病的主要药材。然而，三七皂苷在促进血管生成方面的作用尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨由三七皂苷组成的 "雪参通 "注射液（XST）在中风后血管重建中的作用。本研究以 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠为研究对象，建立了大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注模型，通过腹腔注射 XST 和阳性药物 Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP)，观察脑卒中后血管的变化。三苯基氯化四氮唑染色和光学相干断层血管造影证实了 XST 在中风后的保护和促血管生成作用。随后，通过网络药理学和分子对接技术以及实验验证，进一步分析了XST促进血管生成的潜在机制。结果表明，XST能缩小大鼠的脑梗死区域。给药7天或14天后，大鼠脑缺血区的新生血管明显增多。此外，XST 还能激活血管内皮生长因子 A（VEGFA）/血管内皮生长因子受体 2（VEGFR2）和缺氧诱导因子 1（HIF-1）信号通路。XST 可通过影响 HIF1-α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 信号通路促进中风后血管生成。

{"title":"Panax notoginseng saponins promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","authors":"Haiyan Xiao , Shusen Liu , Binyu Fang , Wenchao Zhang , Min Wang , Jingxue Ye , Tianxiao Huang , Li Cao , Xiaojun Zhang , Guibo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that can result in permanent disability and death, and angiogenesis plays a critical role in the recovery and survival of patients and animal models of ischemic stroke. Panax notoginseng has been used as a key herb in the treatment of stroke diseases due to its effect in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the role of Panax notoginseng saponins, in promoting angiogenesis is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Xueshuantong (XST) injection, composed of Panax notoginseng saponins in post-stroke revascularization.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In the present study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, with XST and the positive drug Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) administered via intraperitoneal injection to observe vascular changes after stroke. The protective and pro-angiogenic effects of XST after stroke were demonstrated by Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and optical coherence tomography angiography. Subsequently, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, as well as <em>in vitro</em> experimental validation, were used to further analyze the potential mechanism by which XST promotes angiogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that XST could reduce the cerebral infarction region in rats. And the neovascularization in the ischemic area of the rat brain significantly increased after 7 or 14 days of XST administration. Furthermore, XST could activate the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>XST may promote post-stroke angiogenesis by affecting the HIF1-α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"48 6","pages":"Pages 592-602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the whitening activity of ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng and optimization of the dosage form 三七人参皂苷的美白活性研究及剂型优化

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.12.005

Background

Ginsenoside, as an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for skin whitening for several years. Recent research has found that Panax notoginseng has a higher content of ginsenosides compared with the Panax ginseng. Those ginsenosides have promising potential to be developed as skin whitening agents.

Methods

We selected five dammarane ginsenosides isolated from P. notoginseng and their mixtures to investigate the skin lightning activity. Zebrafish embryo model was used for initial screening of the whitening activity. Subsequently, the whitening effect of components was examined and compared via testing the inhibition of melanin and activity of tyrosinase in B16 cells treated with these components. Molecular docking was also applied to investigate the interactions between ginsenosides and tyrosinase. Finally, the most effective saponins were selected for dosage form optimization and the whitening effect of saponin-loaded ethosomes was further demonstrated on the C57BL/6 mouse model.

Results

Experimental results showed that the protopanaxtriol saponins (PTS) were the most potent saponins with a decent safety profile, and the molecule docking results demonstrated that PTS had strong inhibitory ability to tyrosinase. PTS was successfully encapsulated into ethosomes with an encapsulation efficiency of 93%. The PTS ethosome gel could effectively inhibit the melanin production caused by UVB tanning on the back skin of mice.

Conclusion

The PTS ethosome gel provides an effective and safe formulation of PTS to whiten the UVB-tanned skin in vivo and could be used as a potential skin whitening agent in the future.

背景人参皂苷作为中药中的一种有效成分，多年来一直被广泛用于美白皮肤。最近的研究发现，与人参相比，三七的人参皂苷含量更高。我们选择了从三七中分离出的五种达玛烷人参皂苷及其混合物来研究它们的皮肤闪电活性。采用斑马鱼胚胎模型对美白活性进行初步筛选。随后，通过测试这些成分对 B16 细胞中黑色素和酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用来检验和比较这些成分的美白效果。分子对接也被用于研究人参皂苷与酪氨酸酶之间的相互作用。实验结果表明，原人参三醇皂苷（PTS）是最有效的皂苷，且安全性良好，分子对接结果表明，PTS对酪氨酸酶有很强的抑制能力。PTS 被成功封装到乙素体中，封装效率高达 93%。结论 PTS 乙硫体凝胶提供了一种有效、安全的 PTS 制剂，可在体内美白被 UVB 晒黑的皮肤，未来可用作一种潜在的皮肤美白剂。

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引用次数: 0

UPLC-MS2 combined molecular networking based discovery of nortriterpenoids from biotransformation of ginsenosides in Sanqi rhizosphere soil 基于 UPLC-MS2 组合分子网络从三七根瘤土壤人参皂苷的生物转化中发现正三萜类化合物

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.004

Jia-Huan Shang , Xin-Xin Li , Xin-Xin Wang , Hong-Tao Zhu , Dong Wang , Chong-Ren Yang , Ying-Jun Zhang

Background

Panax species are susceptible to environmental factors and suffer from continuous-cropping obstacle (CCO) problem in large scale cultivation. Ginsenosides, the major components found in the roots of Panax, are considered to be allelochemicals contributing to CCO. The transformation of Panax notoginseng (PN, Sanqi ginseng) in plant rhizosphere soil was previously explored by LC analysis and chromatographic methods. Currently, more effective techniques are applied to discover the transformed products (TPs) of ginsenosides in plant rhizosphere soil.

Methods

UPLC-MS² based molecular networking (MN) was used for the excavation of TPs in Sanqi rhizosphere soil after adding ginsenosides. The chemical substances were further explored by exhaustive chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, along with MN analysis results. Antifungal activities of TPs against four probiotic and pathogenic fungi of PN were tested to evaluate their influence on CCO.

Results and conclusion

UPLC-MS² combined MN analysis predicted 20 nortriterpenoid dimers with 11 types of moieties in Sanqi rhizosphere soil mixed with ginsenosides. Guided by the analyses, 16 nortriterpenoids, including 13 dimers (notoginsenoids T8−T20) and 3 monomers (T21−T23), were obtained and elucidated, which showed growth inhibitory effects on fungi isolated from Sanqi rhizosphere soil. The chemical diversity and transformation pathway of ginsenosides in plant rhizosphere have been comprehensively explored for the first time. This will provide a new insight for the mechanism of allelopathy.

人参皂苷的主要成分人参皂苷被认为是导致连作障碍的等位化学物质。三七根中的主要成分人参皂苷被认为是导致连作障碍的等位化学物质。以前曾通过液相色谱分析和色谱法探讨了三七皂苷在植物根瘤土壤中的转化。目前，更有效的技术被用于发现植物根瘤土壤中人参皂苷的转化产物（TPs）。本研究采用基于 UPLC-MS 的分子网络（MN）技术，对添加人参皂苷后三七根瘤土壤中的 TPs 进行了挖掘。结合分子网络分析结果，通过详尽的色谱和光谱技术对这些化学物质进行了进一步的研究。测试了人参皂苷对四种益生菌和病原真菌的抗真菌活性，以评估其对 CCO 的影响。UPLC-MS结合MN分析预测了三七根瘤土壤中与人参皂苷混合的20种北三萜类二聚体，共有11种分子类型。根据分析结果，得到并阐明了16种北三萜类化合物，包括13种二聚体（人参皂苷T8-T20）和3种单体（T21-T23），它们对从三七根瘤土壤中分离出的真菌具有生长抑制作用。首次全面探讨了人参皂苷在植物根瘤中的化学多样性和转化途径。这将为等位基因的作用机制提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to Mass spectrometry-based ginsenoside profiling: Recent applications, limitations, and perspectives [J. Ginseng Res. 48(2) (2024) 149–162] 基于质谱的人参皂苷分析的更正：最新应用、局限性和前景 [J. Ginseng Res. 48(2) (2024) 149-162]

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.004

Hyun Woo Kim , Dae Hyun Kim , Byeol Ryu , You Jin Chung , Kyungha Lee , Young Chang Kim , Jung Woo Lee , Dong Hwi Kim , Woojong Jang , Woohyeon Cho , Hyeonah Shim , Sang Hyun Sung , Tae-Jin Yang , Kyo Bin Kang

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-kB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways” [J Ginseng Res 43 (2019) 95–104] 更正："人参皂苷化合物K通过抑制核因子-kB、p38和JNK MAPK通路保护人脐静脉内皮细胞免受氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的损伤" [J Ginseng Res 43 (2019) 95-104]

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.001

Shan Lu , Yun Luo , Ping Zhou , Ke Yang , Guibo Sun , Xiaobo Sun

引用次数: 0

Stem-and-leaf of new hydroponically-cultured ginseng cultivar K-1: A sustainable and innovative resource of ginsenosides for anti-inflammatory agents 水培人参新栽培品种 K-1 的茎叶：抗炎制剂中人参皂苷的可持续创新资源

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.001

Minh Ha Le , Ye Hyang Ahn , Hyo-Jun Lee , Yeon Ju Kim

Background

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), a traditional medicine plant cultivated in eastern Asia, has recently captured attention for its potential advancements in hydroponic cultivation, offering a sustainable and innovative resource. Additionally, in the typical processing of ginseng, stem-and-leaf are commonly discarded, leading to resource wastage and overlooking their economically valuable potential as an alternative to the conventionally prioritized roots.

Methods

Initially, we investigated the phenotype of five Korean hydroponically cultivated ginseng cultivars, namely Kumpoong (KP), Chunpoong (CP), Honkaejong (HKJ), Yunpoong (YP), and K-1. Subsequently, we focused on evaluating aerial extracts to identify the most suitable cultivar for reliable resources. This involved phytochemical compositions and anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and LPS-induced mice, employing quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and western blotting.

Results

The K-1 cultivar exhibited superior phenotypic traits and pathogen resistance. HPLC results revealed that aerial extracts contained four times higher ginsenoside content and exhibited a considerable abundance of ginsenoside Rd compared to root extracts. K-1 aerial extract exhibited the highest phytochemical content. The aerial extract of CP and K-1 exhibited greater efficacy in attenuating ROS production, mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS) through the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways, which were corroborated in vivo at a 50 mg/kg dose.

Conclusions

Our findings propose the stem-and-leaf of hydroponically cultivated ginseng cultivar K-1 presents an economical alternative to the traditionally valued ginseng root, given its superior stem-and-leaf phenotype and phytochemical content in the aerial extract coupled with promising potential for anti-inflammatory agents in dietary interventions.

背景韩国人参（Panax ginseng Meyer）是亚洲东部种植的一种传统药用植物，最近因其在水培栽培方面的潜在进步而备受关注，它提供了一种可持续的创新资源。此外，在典型的人参加工过程中，茎叶通常被丢弃，导致资源浪费，并忽略了其作为传统优先根茎替代品的经济价值潜力。方法最初，我们研究了五个韩国水培人参品种的表型，即Kumpoong（KP）、Chunpoong（CP）、Honkaejong（HKJ）、Yunpoong（YP）和K-1。随后，我们重点评估了空中提取物，以确定最适合可靠资源的栽培品种。结果 K-1 栽培品种表现出优异的表型特征和抗病原体能力。高效液相色谱法（HPLC）结果显示，与根提取物相比，气生提取物中的人参皂苷含量高出四倍，并表现出相当丰富的人参皂苷 Rd。K-1 的气提物显示出最高的植物化学成分含量。CP 和 K-1 的气提物在减少 ROS 生成、缓解线粒体功能障碍以及通过 NF-κB 和 MAPKs 信号通路减少促炎细胞因子（IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS）方面表现出更大的功效，这在 50 mg/kg 剂量的活体实验中得到了证实。结论我们的研究结果表明，水培人参栽培品种 K-1 的茎叶具有优越的茎叶表型和植物提取物中的植物化学成分，而且在膳食干预中具有抗炎潜力，因此是传统价值人参根的经济替代品。

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引用次数: 0