Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"Ginsenoside Re promotes osteogenic differentiation via BMP2/p38 pathway in vivo and in vitro","authors":"Yunjia Wang ,&nbsp;Gengming Zhang ,&nbsp;Linhua Deng ,&nbsp;Hongqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Alonge ,&nbsp;Zhongjing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginsenosides have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fractures. Ginsenoside Re, a key component of P. ginseng, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain inadequately understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of Ginsenoside Re on bone formation in fractures and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, respectively. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting were employed to quantify mRNA and protein expression levels. To assess bone formation <em>in vivo</em>, a zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model was utilized, with calcein staining applied to visualize mineralized tissue. Additionally, a bone morphogenetic protein 2a (<em>bmp2a</em>) knockout zebrafish model was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ginsenoside Re-mediated bone formation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ginsenoside Re promotes normal development and survival in zebrafish. In a zebrafish model, ginsenoside Re enhances bone regeneration, accompanied by upregulated expression of osteogenic markers. Following a 10-day treatment with 20 μM ginsenoside Re, mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) analysis identified <em>bmp2a</em> as a critical regulator of bone formation. <em>In vitro</em>, ginsenoside Re stimulates osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells, elevating both mRNA and protein levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Co-treatment with noggin or SB203580 reverses ginsenoside Re-induced osteogenesis: noggin suppresses BMP2 expression and p38 phosphorylation, whereas SB203580 specifically inhibits p38 activity. In a <em>bmp2a</em> knockout zebrafish model, the pro-osteogenic effects of ginsenoside Re are completely abolished. Similarly, in wild-type zebrafish, both noggin and SB203580 attenuate the bone-promoting effects of ginsenoside Re. Noggin reduces the expression of <em>bmp2a</em> and <em>p38a</em>, while SB203580 specifically targets <em>p38a</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that ginsenoside Re at an optimal concentration of 20 μM enhances bone formation by modulating the osteogenic system. Mechanistically, we reveal that this pro-osteogenic effect is mediated through the BMP2/p38 signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 395-405"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Panax ginseng help protect the body from the harmful effects of airborne particulate matter?","authors":"Tae Woo Kwon ,&nbsp;Yujeong Ha ,&nbsp;Hyo-Sung Jo ,&nbsp;Won Myoung Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah ,&nbsp;Hyun Jeong Yang ,&nbsp;Ik-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have shown that exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) adversely affects human health through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Natural products have a wide range of physiological and pharmacological activities but with less toxicity than synthetic drugs; in recent years, natural products have become increasingly popular in the field of food and drug development. <em>Panax (P.) ginseng</em> is one of the more well-known natural products, and there have recently been increasing reports indicating that <em>P. ginseng</em> may alleviate toxicity caused by exposure to PM. In the current review, we summarize the positive potential role that <em>P. ginseng</em>-derived substances (total extract, saponin fraction, non-saponin fraction, their ingredients, etc.) have on PM-induced adverse reactions, and we also discuss their potential utility in food and drug development for prevention and treatment. Despite some promising findings, current research may be limited by a lack of comprehensive clinical studies and standardized methodologies. Future research should prioritize the investigation of <em>P. ginseng</em>'s clinical efficacy and the development of advanced formulations to maximize its protective potential against PM-induced health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 331-341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean black ginseng extract alleviates Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing the p38 MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome via TLR2 and TLR4 modulation","authors":"Yujeong Ha ,&nbsp;Hyo-Sung Jo ,&nbsp;Tae Woo Kwon ,&nbsp;Seung Ho Jeon ,&nbsp;Sang-Kwan Moon ,&nbsp;Ji Hoon Jung ,&nbsp;Min Soo Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah ,&nbsp;Jong Kil Lee ,&nbsp;Ik-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Korean black ginseng, a specially processed ginseng through repeat steaming and drying, has various pharmacological effects. However, its role <em>i</em><em>n</em> cognitive impairment remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose and methods</h3><div>This study examined whether Korean black ginseng extract (BGE; 50 and 100 mg/kg, orally, 18 weeks) may mitigate cognitive impairment in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BGE significantly improved cognitive performance in 5xFAD mice, associated with reduced Aβ accumulation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. BGE suppressed microglial and astrocytic activation, alongside the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase). These changes coincided with the inhibition of key inflammatory signaling pathways, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, BGE reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the nuclear-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in the brains linked to the downregulation of toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 in the brain.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Taken together, BGE could improve AD-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration by simultaneously regulating anti-inflammatory pathways (p38 MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasome) and an antioxidant pathway (Nrf2/HO-1) via modulation of TLR2/4.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 294-305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 in coronary artery disease: Progress and perspectives","authors":"Lixiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Ming Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Panax ginseng Meyer, esteemed in traditional Chinese medicine as the “King of Herbs,” has garnered scientific attention for its cardiovascular benefits. Among its bioactive components, ginsenoside Rg1 stands out as a potent therapeutic candidate. This review consolidates current research on Rg1's multifaceted mechanisms in CAD management, including its roles in enhancing endothelial function, inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation, modulating inflammation, regulating lipid metabolism, preventing thrombosis, and promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, Rg1 exhibits cardioprotective properties by mitigating ischemic myocardial injury, reducing myocardial hypertrophy, and preventing fibrosis. Despite promising preclinical findings, the clinical translation of Rg1 is hindered by challenges such as poor bioavailability, potential drug interactions, and limited clinical trial data. This review underscores the need for rigorous clinical studies to validate Rg1's efficacy and safety, paving the way for its incorporation into CAD therapeutic regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 225-236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg2, a principal effective ingredient of Panax ginseng, attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway","authors":"Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Niu ,&nbsp;Long You ,&nbsp;Yanan Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Guo ,&nbsp;Guigui Yang ,&nbsp;Ziliang He ,&nbsp;Ting Shen ,&nbsp;Honggang Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Yan ,&nbsp;Weicheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg2 (G-Rg2), a major active compound of <em>Panax ginseng</em>, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms by which G-Rg2 mitigates ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been clearly elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which G-Rg2 mitigated UC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we investigated the efficacy of G-Rg2 in ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC and its potential mechanisms using a DSS-induced UC mouse model and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/nigericin (Nig)-induced NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation on immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDMs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Oral administration of G-Rg2 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly mitigated weight loss, normalized food and water intake, and improved colon histopathology in DSS-induced UC mice. G-Rg2 also restored mRNA expression levels of occludin, claudin-3, zona occluden (ZO)-1 and mucin 2, thereby enhancing intestinal barrier integrity. G-Rg2 significantly suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65, the subunit of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), as well as downregulated NLRP3, cleaved IL-1β and caspase1 p20 expression induced by LPS/Nig in iBMDMs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>G-Rg2 effectively reduced colon inflammation in DSS-induced UC mice and diminishes inflammatory responses under LPS/Nig conditions by regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may serve as a potent therapeutic agent for UC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 282-293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of red ginseng extract and red ginseng dietary fiber on the maintenance of intestinal immune and functional homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice","authors":"Seung-Hwan Seo ,&nbsp;Do-Won Ham ,&nbsp;Ji-Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Min Jong ,&nbsp;Sang-Kyu Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Hye-Young Yu ,&nbsp;Eun-Hee Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is an important risk factor of intestinal inflammatory disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Red ginseng extract powder (RGEP) and Red ginseng dietary fiber (RGDF) on the maintenance of immune and functional homeostasis in recovering obesity-induced impairment of intestinal immunity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 male mice was achieved by feeding them a 60 % high-fat diet for six weeks. The diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were administered RGEP (205, 410, or 820 mg/kg), fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 820 mg/kg), or RGDF (410, 820, or 1640 mg/kg) once daily for 4–8 weeks. The effects of RGEP or RGDF administration were evaluated via stool trait and gastrointestinal (GI) motility, inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestine, mucosal protective genes, bacterial toxicity, and histopathological features of the intestines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RGEP or RGDF administration to the DIO mice reduced mucosal barrier damaging factor (α1-antitrypsin), inflammatory cytokine levels, factors related to inflammatory responses (C-reactive protein (CRP), iNOS, NF-κB, MPO, and Calprotectin), and levels of urinary indican and intestinal β-glucuronidase. Conversely, RGEP or RGDF administration increased intestinal motility, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and β-defensin-2, and mucus barrier functional factor (MUC2) expression. Histopathological features of the small intestine recovered to normal levels after RGEP or RGDF administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results demonstrated that RGEP and RGDF were effective for maintaining intestinal immune and functional homeostasis by recovering impaired immune and barrier function in DIO mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates radiation-induced acute lung vascular endothelium injury by reducing mitochondrial apoptosis via Sirt1","authors":"Churong Li ,&nbsp;Biao Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Xiong ,&nbsp;Linjie Li ,&nbsp;Dalong Pang ,&nbsp;Keith Unger ,&nbsp;Mira Jung ,&nbsp;Jiahua Lyu ,&nbsp;Hao Kuang ,&nbsp;Long Liang ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Hansong Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg5 possesses potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. This study explored the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on radiation-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) injury and the associated molecular mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>C57BL/6 mice were used for <em>in vivo</em> studies and primary human PMECs (PPMECs) were utilized as <em>in vitro</em> models. Mice with or without ginsenoside Rg5 pretreatment were irradiated by varying doses. Lung tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes and the expression of endothelial markers. <em>In vitro</em>, PPMECs were irradiated with or without ginsenoside Rg5 pretreatment and analyzed for apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and endothelial barrier integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg5 pretreatment attenuated radiation-induced acute lung damage, preserved endothelial cell junction integrity, and maintained endothelial barrier function <em>in vivo</em>. <em>In vitro</em>, ginsenoside Rg5 significantly reduced IR-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in PPMECs. Ginsenoside Rg5 suppressed radiation-induced Mfn2 acetylation and proteasomal degradation via Sirt1-mediated deacetylation, thereby preserving mitochondrial dynamics and integrity. The protective effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on the integrity of mitochondrial and endothelial tight junction proteins and barrier function were also Sirt1-dependent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg5 exerts a protective effect against radiation-induced endothelial injury by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and function, as well as maintaining endothelial barrier integrity, in a Sirt1-dependent manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 260-270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism” [J Ginseng Res Volume 49, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 92–102]","authors":"Minjeong Kim ,&nbsp;Su Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Juewon Kim ,&nbsp;Eun-Ju Jin ,&nbsp;Shibo Wei ,&nbsp;Yunju Jo ,&nbsp;Chang-Myung Oh ,&nbsp;Ki-Tae Ha ,&nbsp;Jong-Hwa Roh ,&nbsp;Wan-Gi Kim ,&nbsp;Donghyun Cho ,&nbsp;Young Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Su Myung Jung ,&nbsp;Dongryeol Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Page 224"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gintonin enhances epithelial barrier function by activating NRF2 pathway in radiation-induced intestinal injury","authors":"Hyosun Jang ,&nbsp;Hyewon Kim ,&nbsp;Su-Hyun Oh ,&nbsp;Yeonghoon Son ,&nbsp;Rami Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah ,&nbsp;Hae-June Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Because the intestine is a radio-sensitive organ in the body, and radiation-induced intestinal injury is a major clinical problem associated with radiotherapy or radiological accidents. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier leads to bacterial translocation to other organs, resulting in severe inflammation. Recent findings suggest that gintonin (GT) suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation in neuroinflammatory diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study objected to elucidate the mitigating effects of GT on radiation-induced intestinal injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The therapeutic effects of GT were assessed in a mouse model of radiation-induced intestinal injury using histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time PCR. Additionally, the direct effects of GT and NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activators on radiation-induced epithelial damage were assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GT treatment reversed radiation-induced body weight loss, attenuated intestinal damage, and inhibited inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the intestines of mice. Additionally, GT treatment activated NRF2 and ameliorated intestinal barrier damage. In vitro experiments showed that GT treatment affected epithelial permeability and intercellular junction expression in Caco-2 cell monolayers under irradiated conditions. Moreover, treatment with NRF2 activator improved epithelial permeability, improved the expression of intercellular junctions in irradiated epithelial cells, and attenuated radiation-induced intestinal injury in a mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GT maintains epithelial integrity by activating NRF2-mediated antioxidant activity in radiation-induced intestinal epithelial damage of mice. Overall, these results suggest that GT could be a novel therapeutic agent for radiation-induced intestinal damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 and its octyl ester derivative on anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment: The battle between PI3K and ROS","authors":"Qi-Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Zhong ,&nbsp;Hua Feng ,&nbsp;Xu-Chu Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Pan ,&nbsp;Ting Luo ,&nbsp;Ze-Yuan Deng ,&nbsp;Fang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The cancer treatments that target tumor associated angiogenesis (TAA) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) have become valued. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been proved to inhibit TAA through VEGFA. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, the octyl ester derivative of Rh2 (Rh2-O) exhibited better inhibitory effects than Rh2 on liver cancer in our previous researches, which indicated that Rh2-O might also exert inhibitory effects on TAA.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the inhibitory effects of Rh2 and Rh2-O on TAA and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The inhibitory effects of Rh2 and Rh2-O on TAA were evaluated by conditioned medium, co-culture, and tumor-bearing mice. The network pharmacology was used to explore the possible targets, which were subsequently verified by specific agonists or inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rh2 and Rh2-O could efficiently inhibit TAA in a dose-dependent manner (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the enhancement on phosphorylation of PI3K and STAT3 could reverse the inhibitory effects of Rh2 and Rh2-O on TAA while N-acetylcysteine could improve the effects (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rh2 and Rh2-O could inhibit TAA via inhibiting the VEGFA, which was mediated by PI3K/STAT3 and PI3K/HIF-1α pathway. Meanwhile the generation of ROS could be a foe for Rh2 and Rh2-O to inhibit TAA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 208-222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}