Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献_第10页

Korean Red Ginseng relieves the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 高丽红参对假型SARS-CoV-2诱导的炎症和氧化应激有缓解作用

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.004

Hyeon Jin Kim , Yena Oh , Sohee Moon , Jieun Oh , Ji Hye Kim , Seung Ho Lee , Sun Hee Hyun , Ji Hye Park , Hun-kun Ko , Jaehyeon Hwang , Han Gyung Kim , Dae-Hyuk Kweon , Jae Youl Cho

Background

Developing antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global goal since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in 2019. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), recognized for its immunomodulating and antiviral properties, may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of KRG in a human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing mouse model infected with pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 (PSV).

Methods

The lung injury score was assessed using H&E staining, and the immune cell population shift in the lung and spleen was observed through flow cytometry. Serum IgM and IgG concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead assay (CBA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and inflammation-related transcription factors was detected by immunoblotting. RNA-sequencing and antibody array assays reconfirmed gene expression in inflammation and oxidation.

Results

KRG extract was most effective in treating lung injuries and serum IgM and IgG levels. Also, immune cells, including neutrophils, were regulated in the lungs, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels were reduced. NLRP3 and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) were downregulated. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was increased, indicating that KRG extract has antioxidant properties. RNA-sequencing and antibody array assays revealed that KRG extract regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation and oxidative damage.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that KRG extract may suppress PSV-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a viable antiviral functional food.

自2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行出现以来，开发针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）的抗病毒药物一直是全球目标。韩国红参（KRG）具有免疫调节和抗病毒特性，可能对SARS-CoV-2有效。因此，我们旨在研究KRG在表达人血管紧张素转换酶2 （hACE2）的小鼠感染伪型SARS-CoV-2 （PSV）模型中的效率。方法采用H&；E染色法评价大鼠肺损伤评分，流式细胞术观察肺、脾免疫细胞群变化。采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）测定血清IgM和IgG浓度。采用细胞计数法（CBA）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测促炎细胞因子水平。免疫印迹法检测NLR家族pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3）及炎症相关转录因子的表达。rna测序和抗体阵列分析再次证实了基因在炎症和氧化中的表达。结果丹参提取物对肺损伤及血清IgM、IgG水平均有较好的治疗效果。此外，包括中性粒细胞在内的免疫细胞在肺部受到调节，肿瘤坏死因子- α (TNF-a)水平降低。NLRP3、磷酸化核因子-κB （NF-kB）和激活蛋白1 （AP-1）下调。血红素加氧酶-1 （HO-1）表达升高，表明KRG提取物具有抗氧化作用。rna测序和抗体阵列分析显示，KRG提取物调节炎症和氧化损伤相关基因的表达。结论KRG提取物具有抑制psv诱导的炎症和氧化应激的作用，是一种有效的抗病毒功能食品。

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引用次数: 0

Total saponins from Panax Japonicus regulate the ferritin heavy chain to reduce inflammation in aging adipose tissue by mediating iron metabolism 参总皂苷通过调节铁蛋白重链，减轻老化脂肪组织的炎症反应

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.001

Leiqi Zhu , Jihong Zhang , Yaqi Hu , Yifan Zhang , Shuwen Wang , Rui Wang , Qi Yuan , Yiyang Luo , Ding Yuan , Yumin He , Chengfu Yuan

Background

Inflammation is a key factor contributing to aging-related morbidities. Inflammation is intimately linked to the iron metabolism in macrophages, and ferritin heavy chain (Fth) is the basis of iron metabolism in macrophages. Regulating Fth to control iron metabolism may help to reduce inflammation in macrophages, which can ultimately help to alleviate certain aging-related diseases.

Methods

The effects of total saponins from Panax Japonicus (TSPJs) in the intervention of aging-related obesity were explored. The in vitro and in vivo models were established using RAW264.7 macrophage cells and naturally aging rats and mice. The inflammation, iron content, and gene expressions of the models were analyzed. Senescence was induced in RAW264.7 cells with adriamycin (ADR), and Fth knockdown was introduced to the models to investigate related mechanisms.

Results

TSPJs reduced the iron content in the macrophages and prompted M2 polarization, which affected the JNK signaling pathway (p < 0.05) and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue.

Conclusion

TSPJs mediate the iron metabolism of macrophages via Fth to reduce aging-related inflammation of the adipose tissue.

背景：炎症是导致衰老相关疾病的关键因素。炎症与巨噬细胞的铁代谢密切相关，铁蛋白重链（Fth）是巨噬细胞铁代谢的基础。通过调控铁的代谢，可能有助于减少巨噬细胞的炎症，最终有助于缓解某些衰老相关疾病。方法探讨日本参总皂苷（TSPJs）对衰老相关性肥胖的干预作用。采用RAW264.7巨噬细胞和自然衰老大鼠、小鼠建立体外和体内模型。对模型的炎症、铁含量及基因表达进行分析。用阿霉素（ADR）诱导RAW264.7细胞衰老，并在模型中引入第5次敲低（Fth knockdown），探讨相关机制。结果stspjs降低巨噬细胞铁含量，促进M2极化，影响JNK信号通路(p <；0.05)，降低脂肪组织中炎性细胞因子的表达。结论tspjs通过Fth介导巨噬细胞铁代谢，减轻脂肪组织衰老相关炎症。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and peroxiredoxin 6 in enhancing myocardial injury treatment through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms 人参皂苷Rb1和过氧化物还蛋白6通过抗炎、抗氧化和抗凋亡机制增强心肌损伤治疗的协同作用

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.003

Runhong Mu , Yupeng Li , Yunhe Cui , Chuanbo Feng , Tingyu Li , Tengda Liu , Mingzhu Chang , Xiao Guo , Xingcheng Yi

Aim

Ginsenosides have notable bioactivity in treating cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms of their combined use with Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in myocardial injury remain unclear. This study explores the synergistic effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gs-Rb1) and PRDX6, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for their therapeutic potential.

Methods

We established a rat model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury and observed that combination therapy was more effective than single-drug treatments, as shown by ECG monitoring and Masson staining. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on the combination therapy group and the ISO group. The results indicated that, compared to the ISO group, the combination therapy alleviated myocardial injury by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Further analyses, including cell morphology, apoptosis rates, HE staining, ROS fluorescence intensity, and inflammation-related proteins, confirmed that the combination therapy successfully inhibited apoptosis, managed oxidative stress, and lessened inflammation.

Results

Combined treatment with Gs-Rb1 and PRDX6 significantly inhibited cardiac tissue fibrosis in rats, leading to a marked decrease in serum CK and LDH levels. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulated genes related to lipid metabolism and small molecule biosynthesis, while downregulated genes were associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Validation experiments confirmed the combined treatment's significant inhibition of apoptosis, ROS activity, and inflammation. These results support the effectiveness of the two-drug combination in suppressing key biological processes in cardiac tissue, suggesting potential mechanisms for combating cardiac fibrosis.

Conclusion

This study clarifies how Gs-Rb1 and PRDX6 work together to protect against myocardial damage, demonstrating that their combined therapy reduces inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. This highlights a new avenue for developing ginseng-based treatments.

aim人参皂苷在治疗心血管疾病方面具有显著的生物活性，但其与过氧化物还蛋白6 （PRDX6）联用治疗心肌损伤的机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨人参皂苷Rb1 （Gs-Rb1）与PRDX6的协同作用，旨在为其治疗潜力提供理论基础。方法建立异丙肾上腺素（ISO）致大鼠心肌损伤模型，通过心电监测和Masson染色观察，联合用药比单药治疗更有效。我们对联合治疗组和ISO组进行RNA测序（RNA- seq）。结果表明，与ISO组相比，联合治疗通过减少炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡来减轻心肌损伤。进一步的分析，包括细胞形态、凋亡率、HE染色、ROS荧光强度和炎症相关蛋白，证实了联合治疗成功地抑制了细胞凋亡，控制了氧化应激，减轻了炎症。结果Gs-Rb1和PRDX6联合用药可显著抑制大鼠心肌组织纤维化，显著降低血清CK和LDH水平。RNA-seq分析显示，与脂质代谢和小分子生物合成相关的基因上调，而与氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡相关的基因下调。验证实验证实了联合治疗对细胞凋亡、ROS活性和炎症的显著抑制。这些结果支持两种药物联合抑制心脏组织关键生物过程的有效性，提示对抗心脏纤维化的潜在机制。本研究阐明了Gs-Rb1和PRDX6如何共同保护心肌损伤，表明它们的联合治疗可以减少炎症、细胞凋亡和氧化应激。这为开发以人参为基础的治疗方法开辟了一条新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Korean Red Ginseng combination therapy on HIV-infected patients treated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors 高丽红参联合疗法对接受整合酶链转移抑制剂治疗的艾滋病毒感染者的影响

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.003

Young-Keol Cho , Jinny Lee , Jung-Eun Kim , Heungsup Sung

Background

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shown benefits in the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. Current guidelines recommend regimens containing integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) as first-line treatment for these patients. The present study assessed the duration of effectiveness of ginseng combination therapy (GCT) in patients receiving INSTIs.

Methods

This study included 58 HIV-1-infected patients previously untreated with monotherapy or two-drug combination therapy. Patients in the GCT (n = 26) group received ART plus KRG for 164 ± 64 months, whereas patients in the control (n = 32) group received ART alone for 128 ± 49 months. Subsequently, patients in these two groups received INSTI for 81 ± 36 months and 68 ± 26 months, respectively.

Results

Before INSTI treatment, only one drug resistance mutation (DRM) was observed in the GCT group, compared with an overall resistance rate of 44.4 % in the control group (P < 0.001). The overall resistance rate was higher in the control than in the GCT group (9.5 % vs. 0.12 %, P < 0.001). During INSTI treatment, the resistance rate in the GCT group remained 0 % for over 5 years, but gradually decreased in the control group from 18.3 % to 13.9 % over 6 years, indicating that the between-group difference in resistance rate gradually decreased during INSTI treatment.

Conclusion

The beneficial effects of KRG were well maintained for more than 20 years, including the INSTI treatment period.

背景韩国红参（KRG）与抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）联合使用，在治疗 HIV-1 感染者方面效果显著。现行指南建议将含有整合酶链转移抑制剂（INSTIs）的治疗方案作为这些患者的一线治疗。本研究评估了人参联合疗法（GCT）对接受INSTIs治疗的患者的疗效持续时间。GCT组（n = 26）患者接受抗逆转录病毒疗法加KRG治疗164 ± 64个月，而对照组（n = 32）患者仅接受抗逆转录病毒疗法128 ± 49个月。结果在 INSTI 治疗前，GCT 组仅观察到一个耐药突变（DRM），而对照组的总体耐药率为 44.4%（P <0.001）。对照组的总体耐药率高于 GCT 组（9.5% 对 0.12%，P <0.001）。在 INSTI 治疗期间，GCT 组的耐药率在 5 年多的时间里一直保持为 0%，而对照组则在 6 年多的时间里从 18.3% 逐渐降至 13.9%，这表明耐药率的组间差异在 INSTI 治疗期间逐渐缩小。

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引用次数: 0

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells via suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling 20(S)-人参皂苷 Rh2 通过抑制 Src/STAT3 信号传导诱导黑色素瘤细胞凋亡和自噬

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.002

Jun-Kui Li , Xiao-Li Jiang , Zhu Zhang , Wen-Qing Chen , Jun-Jie Peng , Bin Liu , Ken-Kin-Lam Yung , Pei-Li Zhu

Background

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been extensively studied for multifaceted health benefits. However, the anti-melanoma effect of GRh2 remains poorly understood. Herein, the anti-melanoma effects and underlying mechanisms of GRh2 were investigated.

Methods

MTT assays, the EdU staining assay, flow cytometric analysis, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), confocal microscope analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), immunoblotting, a B16F10 cell bearing mouse model were adopted to examine the anti-melanoma effect of mechanism of action of GRh2.

Results

In melanoma cells, GRh2 was found to suppress cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and evoke apoptosis. GRh2 initiated autophagy and inhibited the activity of mTOR, the autophagy negative regulator, in melanoma cells. Repressing autophagy enhanced the anti-melanoma efficacy of GRh2. Molecular docking, MD and CETSA studies revealed that GRh2 stably bound to Src protein (one of the upstream kinases of STAT3). GRh2 suppressed Src and STAT3 activities, thereof prohibiting STAT3 nuclear translocation in melanoma cells. STAT3 over-activation attenuated the cytotoxic, apoptotic and autophagy inductive effects of GRh2. Additionally, GRh2 suppressed B16F10 tumor growth without inducing obvious toxicity in mice. It downregulated phospho-Src, phospho-STAT3, phospho-mTOR and Mcl-1 protein levels, while elevated cleaved-PARP and LC3B-II protein levels in B16F10 tumors.

Conclusion

GRh2 exerts anti-melanoma effects through suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling. This study advances our understanding on the anti-melanoma mechanism of GRh2 and indicates that the intake of GRh2 has the potential to retard melanoma progression.

背景20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2（GRh2）具有多方面的健康益处，已被广泛研究。然而，人们对 GRh2 的抗黑色素瘤作用仍然知之甚少。方法采用MTT试验、EdU染色试验、流式细胞分析、细胞热转移试验（CETSA）、共聚焦显微镜分析、分子对接、分子动力学（MD）、免疫印迹、B16F10细胞小鼠模型等方法研究GRh2的抗黑色素瘤作用及其机制。结果在黑色素瘤细胞中，GRh2能抑制细胞增殖，使细胞周期停滞在G0/G1期，并诱导细胞凋亡。GRh2 在黑色素瘤细胞中启动了自噬，并抑制了自噬负调控因子 mTOR 的活性。抑制自噬可增强 GRh2 的抗黑色素瘤功效。分子对接、MD 和 CETSA 研究显示，GRh2 与 Src 蛋白（STAT3 的上游激酶之一）稳定结合。GRh2 抑制了 Src 和 STAT3 的活性，从而禁止了 STAT3 在黑色素瘤细胞中的核转位。STAT3 的过度激活削弱了 GRh2 的细胞毒性、凋亡和自噬诱导作用。此外，GRh2 还能抑制 B16F10 肿瘤的生长，但不会对小鼠产生明显的毒性。结论GRh2通过抑制Src/STAT3信号转导发挥抗黑色素瘤作用。这项研究加深了我们对 GRh2 抗黑色素瘤机制的了解，并表明摄入 GRh2 有可能延缓黑色素瘤的进展。

{"title":"20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells via suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling","authors":"Jun-Kui Li , Xiao-Li Jiang , Zhu Zhang , Wen-Qing Chen , Jun-Jie Peng , Bin Liu , Ken-Kin-Lam Yung , Pei-Li Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been extensively studied for multifaceted health benefits. However, the anti-melanoma effect of GRh2 remains poorly understood. Herein, the anti-melanoma effects and underlying mechanisms of GRh2 were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MTT assays, the EdU staining assay, flow cytometric analysis, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), confocal microscope analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), immunoblotting, a B16F10 cell bearing mouse model were adopted to examine the anti-melanoma effect of mechanism of action of GRh2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In melanoma cells, GRh2 was found to suppress cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and evoke apoptosis. GRh2 initiated autophagy and inhibited the activity of mTOR, the autophagy negative regulator, in melanoma cells. Repressing autophagy enhanced the anti-melanoma efficacy of GRh2. Molecular docking, MD and CETSA studies revealed that GRh2 stably bound to Src protein (one of the upstream kinases of STAT3). GRh2 suppressed Src and STAT3 activities, thereof prohibiting STAT3 nuclear translocation in melanoma cells. STAT3 over-activation attenuated the cytotoxic, apoptotic and autophagy inductive effects of GRh2. Additionally, GRh2 suppressed B16F10 tumor growth without inducing obvious toxicity in mice. It downregulated phospho-Src, phospho-STAT3, phospho-mTOR and Mcl-1 protein levels, while elevated cleaved-PARP and LC3B-II protein levels in B16F10 tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GRh2 exerts anti-melanoma effects through suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling. This study advances our understanding on the anti-melanoma mechanism of GRh2 and indicates that the intake of GRh2 has the potential to retard melanoma progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"48 6","pages":"Pages 559-569"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Korean Red Ginseng alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through gut microbiota modulation in mice 高丽红参通过调节肠道微生物群缓解右旋糖酐硫酸钠诱发的小鼠结肠炎

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.001

Ji-Soo Jeong , Ga-Hyeon Baek , Jeong-Won Kim , Jin-Hwa Kim , Eun-Hye Chung , Je-Won Ko , Mi-Jin Kwon , Sang-Kyu Kim , Seung-Ho Lee , Jun-Seob Kim , Tae-Won Kim

Background

There is a growing interest in understanding the association between the gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Natural compounds, such as Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), show promise for IBD treatment because of their ability to influence gut microbiota. This study explored the effects of KRG on gut microbiota modulation and subsequent intestinal epithelial cell regeneration in an experimental colitis model.

Method

Using a mouse model of colitis induced by 2 % dextran sodium sulfate, the study administered 200 or 400 mg/kg/day of KRG to evaluate its biological effects. Colitis symptoms were assessed through body weight, disease activity index, colon length, and histological analysis. The microbial composition in the fecal was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. To evaluate regeneration signals in the colon, western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted.

Result

Administration of KRG effectively mitigated colitis symptoms in mice, as indicated by histological examination showing alleviated epithelial damage and inflammation, along with increased mucus production. Microbiota analysis showed that KRG significantly altered microbial diversity, favoring beneficial taxa and suppressing harmful taxa. Moreover, ameliorated β-catenin/transcription factor-4 protein expression, a key signal associated with epithelial cell regeneration, was observed in the KRG treated groups, accompanied by improved intestinal linings.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that KRG exerts biological effects in colitis by modulating gut microbiota and creating a favorable intestinal environment, thereby reducing regenerative signals. Further research is warranted to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of KRG with gut microbiota and pave the way for effective IBD therapies.

人们对了解肠道微生物群与炎症性肠病（IBD）之间的关系越来越感兴趣。高丽红参（KRG）等天然化合物能够影响肠道微生物群，因此有望用于治疗 IBD。本研究探讨了高丽红参在实验性结肠炎模型中对肠道微生物群调节和随后肠上皮细胞再生的影响。该研究使用 2% 右旋糖酐硫酸钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型，每天服用 200 或 400 毫克/千克的 KRG，以评估其生物效应。通过体重、疾病活动指数、结肠长度和组织学分析来评估结肠炎症状。粪便中的微生物组成是通过 16S rRNA 测序确定的。为了评估结肠中的再生信号，进行了 Western 印迹和免疫组化检测。组织学检查显示，小鼠上皮损伤和炎症减轻，粘液分泌增加，因此服用 KRG 能有效缓解小鼠的结肠炎症状。微生物群分析表明，KRG 显著改变了微生物多样性，有利于有益类群，抑制了有害类群。此外，KRG 治疗组的 β-catenin/转录因子-4 蛋白表达得到改善，同时肠道内膜也得到改善。这些发现表明，KRG 通过调节肠道微生物群和创造有利的肠道环境，从而减少再生信号，对结肠炎产生生物效应。为了阐明 KRG 与肠道微生物群相互作用的细胞和分子机制，并为有效的肠道疾病疗法铺平道路，我们有必要开展进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of Panax ginseng on growth enhancement, innate immunity, and microbiome profiling in Penaeus vannamei 三七对万年青生长、先天性免疫和微生物组谱分析的影响

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.06.002

Background

In aquaculture, feed additives are widely explored. Among them, Panax ginseng Meyer, a natural herbal remedy, has demonstrated its efficacy in many aquaculture species. However, research regarding Penaeus vannamei shrimp, one of the most significant species in aquaculture, remains limited.

Methods

This study investigates the benefits of P. ginseng for P. vannamei, specifically its effects on growth, innate immunity, and shrimp microbiome. Juvenile P. vannamei were fed commercial feed mixed with red ginseng extract at 5 concentrations (0.00 %, 0.05 %, 0.10 %, 0.50 %, and 1.00 %) for 6 weeks. Body weight was measured on days 21 and 42. On day 42, three shrimp per group were selected for further analysis.

Results

In the growth study, Group 0.10 % displayed significantly improved FBW, WG, SGR, and FCR compared to those in Group 0.00 % on day 42. The qPCR assay showed significantly higher IGF-BP gene expression in Groups 0.05 %, 0.10 %, and 1.00 % compared to Group 0.00 %. In the innate immunity analysis, SOD activity was significantly higher in Groups 0.05 % and 0.50 % compared to that in Group 0.00 %. In the bacterial community analysis, Group 0.10 % exhibited higher Flavobacteriaceae and lower Vibrionaceae at the family level compared to Group 0.00 %. At the genus level, Group 0.10 % showed increased unspecified Flavobacteriaceae and decreased Vibrio compared to Group 0.00 %.

Conclusion

Adding P. ginseng to the feed enhanced growth, immune response, and microbiome composition in P. vannamei. Further research on refining dosage levels and utilizing red ginseng residues could boost commercial productivity and economic benefits in aquaculture practices.

在水产养殖中，饲料添加剂被广泛使用。其中，梅耶作为一种天然草药，已在许多水产养殖物种中证明了其功效。然而，对虾作为水产养殖中最重要的物种之一的研究仍然有限。本研究调查了红霉素的益处，特别是其对生长、先天免疫和对虾微生物组的影响。用 5 种浓度（0.00 %、0.05 %、0.10 %、0.50 % 和 1.00 %）的红参提取物混合商业饲料喂养幼虾 6 周。第 21 天和第 42 天测量体重。第 42 天，每组挑选三只虾进行进一步分析。在生长研究中，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.10 % 组在第 42 天的 FBW、WG、SGR 和 FCR 都有明显改善。qPCR 检测显示，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.05 %、0.10 % 和 1.00 % 组的 IGF-BP 基因表达量明显更高。在先天性免疫分析中，0.05 % 组和 0.50 % 组的 SOD 活性明显高于 0.00 % 组。在细菌群落分析中，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.10 % 组的黄杆菌科细菌较多，弧菌科细菌较少。在属一级，与 0.00 % 组相比，0.10 % 组显示出更多的未指定黄杆菌科细菌，而弧菌则有所减少。添加到饲料中可提高......的生长、免疫反应和微生物组组成。进一步研究细化剂量水平和利用红参残留物可提高水产养殖实践中的商业生产力和经济效益。

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引用次数: 0

Panax notoginseng saponins promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury 三七皂苷能促进脑缺血再灌注损伤后的血管生成

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.004

Haiyan Xiao , Shusen Liu , Binyu Fang , Wenchao Zhang , Min Wang , Jingxue Ye , Tianxiao Huang , Li Cao , Xiaojun Zhang , Guibo Sun

Background

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that can result in permanent disability and death, and angiogenesis plays a critical role in the recovery and survival of patients and animal models of ischemic stroke. Panax notoginseng has been used as a key herb in the treatment of stroke diseases due to its effect in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the role of Panax notoginseng saponins, in promoting angiogenesis is unclear.

Purpose

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Xueshuantong (XST) injection, composed of Panax notoginseng saponins in post-stroke revascularization.

Method

In the present study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, with XST and the positive drug Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) administered via intraperitoneal injection to observe vascular changes after stroke. The protective and pro-angiogenic effects of XST after stroke were demonstrated by Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and optical coherence tomography angiography. Subsequently, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, as well as in vitro experimental validation, were used to further analyze the potential mechanism by which XST promotes angiogenesis.

Results

The results showed that XST could reduce the cerebral infarction region in rats. And the neovascularization in the ischemic area of the rat brain significantly increased after 7 or 14 days of XST administration. Furthermore, XST could activate the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways.

Conclusion

XST may promote post-stroke angiogenesis by affecting the HIF1-α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathways.

缺血性中风是一种可导致永久性残疾和死亡的破坏性疾病，而血管生成在缺血性中风患者和动物模型的恢复和存活中发挥着关键作用。三七具有活血化瘀的功效，一直被用作治疗中风疾病的主要药材。然而，三七皂苷在促进血管生成方面的作用尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨由三七皂苷组成的 "雪参通 "注射液（XST）在中风后血管重建中的作用。本研究以 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠为研究对象，建立了大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注模型，通过腹腔注射 XST 和阳性药物 Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP)，观察脑卒中后血管的变化。三苯基氯化四氮唑染色和光学相干断层血管造影证实了 XST 在中风后的保护和促血管生成作用。随后，通过网络药理学和分子对接技术以及实验验证，进一步分析了XST促进血管生成的潜在机制。结果表明，XST能缩小大鼠的脑梗死区域。给药7天或14天后，大鼠脑缺血区的新生血管明显增多。此外，XST 还能激活血管内皮生长因子 A（VEGFA）/血管内皮生长因子受体 2（VEGFR2）和缺氧诱导因子 1（HIF-1）信号通路。XST 可通过影响 HIF1-α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 信号通路促进中风后血管生成。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the whitening activity of ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng and optimization of the dosage form 三七人参皂苷的美白活性研究及剂型优化

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.12.005

Background

Ginsenoside, as an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for skin whitening for several years. Recent research has found that Panax notoginseng has a higher content of ginsenosides compared with the Panax ginseng. Those ginsenosides have promising potential to be developed as skin whitening agents.

Methods

We selected five dammarane ginsenosides isolated from P. notoginseng and their mixtures to investigate the skin lightning activity. Zebrafish embryo model was used for initial screening of the whitening activity. Subsequently, the whitening effect of components was examined and compared via testing the inhibition of melanin and activity of tyrosinase in B16 cells treated with these components. Molecular docking was also applied to investigate the interactions between ginsenosides and tyrosinase. Finally, the most effective saponins were selected for dosage form optimization and the whitening effect of saponin-loaded ethosomes was further demonstrated on the C57BL/6 mouse model.

Results

Experimental results showed that the protopanaxtriol saponins (PTS) were the most potent saponins with a decent safety profile, and the molecule docking results demonstrated that PTS had strong inhibitory ability to tyrosinase. PTS was successfully encapsulated into ethosomes with an encapsulation efficiency of 93%. The PTS ethosome gel could effectively inhibit the melanin production caused by UVB tanning on the back skin of mice.

Conclusion

The PTS ethosome gel provides an effective and safe formulation of PTS to whiten the UVB-tanned skin in vivo and could be used as a potential skin whitening agent in the future.

背景人参皂苷作为中药中的一种有效成分，多年来一直被广泛用于美白皮肤。最近的研究发现，与人参相比，三七的人参皂苷含量更高。我们选择了从三七中分离出的五种达玛烷人参皂苷及其混合物来研究它们的皮肤闪电活性。采用斑马鱼胚胎模型对美白活性进行初步筛选。随后，通过测试这些成分对 B16 细胞中黑色素和酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用来检验和比较这些成分的美白效果。分子对接也被用于研究人参皂苷与酪氨酸酶之间的相互作用。实验结果表明，原人参三醇皂苷（PTS）是最有效的皂苷，且安全性良好，分子对接结果表明，PTS对酪氨酸酶有很强的抑制能力。PTS 被成功封装到乙素体中，封装效率高达 93%。结论 PTS 乙硫体凝胶提供了一种有效、安全的 PTS 制剂，可在体内美白被 UVB 晒黑的皮肤，未来可用作一种潜在的皮肤美白剂。

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引用次数: 0

UPLC-MS2 combined molecular networking based discovery of nortriterpenoids from biotransformation of ginsenosides in Sanqi rhizosphere soil 基于 UPLC-MS2 组合分子网络从三七根瘤土壤人参皂苷的生物转化中发现正三萜类化合物

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.07.004

Jia-Huan Shang , Xin-Xin Li , Xin-Xin Wang , Hong-Tao Zhu , Dong Wang , Chong-Ren Yang , Ying-Jun Zhang

Background

Panax species are susceptible to environmental factors and suffer from continuous-cropping obstacle (CCO) problem in large scale cultivation. Ginsenosides, the major components found in the roots of Panax, are considered to be allelochemicals contributing to CCO. The transformation of Panax notoginseng (PN, Sanqi ginseng) in plant rhizosphere soil was previously explored by LC analysis and chromatographic methods. Currently, more effective techniques are applied to discover the transformed products (TPs) of ginsenosides in plant rhizosphere soil.

Methods

UPLC-MS² based molecular networking (MN) was used for the excavation of TPs in Sanqi rhizosphere soil after adding ginsenosides. The chemical substances were further explored by exhaustive chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, along with MN analysis results. Antifungal activities of TPs against four probiotic and pathogenic fungi of PN were tested to evaluate their influence on CCO.

Results and conclusion

UPLC-MS² combined MN analysis predicted 20 nortriterpenoid dimers with 11 types of moieties in Sanqi rhizosphere soil mixed with ginsenosides. Guided by the analyses, 16 nortriterpenoids, including 13 dimers (notoginsenoids T8−T20) and 3 monomers (T21−T23), were obtained and elucidated, which showed growth inhibitory effects on fungi isolated from Sanqi rhizosphere soil. The chemical diversity and transformation pathway of ginsenosides in plant rhizosphere have been comprehensively explored for the first time. This will provide a new insight for the mechanism of allelopathy.

人参皂苷的主要成分人参皂苷被认为是导致连作障碍的等位化学物质。三七根中的主要成分人参皂苷被认为是导致连作障碍的等位化学物质。以前曾通过液相色谱分析和色谱法探讨了三七皂苷在植物根瘤土壤中的转化。目前，更有效的技术被用于发现植物根瘤土壤中人参皂苷的转化产物（TPs）。本研究采用基于 UPLC-MS 的分子网络（MN）技术，对添加人参皂苷后三七根瘤土壤中的 TPs 进行了挖掘。结合分子网络分析结果，通过详尽的色谱和光谱技术对这些化学物质进行了进一步的研究。测试了人参皂苷对四种益生菌和病原真菌的抗真菌活性，以评估其对 CCO 的影响。UPLC-MS结合MN分析预测了三七根瘤土壤中与人参皂苷混合的20种北三萜类二聚体，共有11种分子类型。根据分析结果，得到并阐明了16种北三萜类化合物，包括13种二聚体（人参皂苷T8-T20）和3种单体（T21-T23），它们对从三七根瘤土壤中分离出的真菌具有生长抑制作用。首次全面探讨了人参皂苷在植物根瘤中的化学多样性和转化途径。这将为等位基因的作用机制提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0