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Phenolic acids in Panax ginseng inhibit melanin production through bidirectional regulation of melanin synthase transcription via different signaling pathways 人参酚酸通过不同信号通路双向调节黑色素合成酶转录抑制黑色素生成
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.05.002
Jianzeng Liu , Xiaohao Xu , Jingyuan Zhou , Guang Sun , Zhenzhuo Li , Lu Zhai , Jing Wang , Rui Ma , Daqing Zhao , Rui Jiang , Liwei Sun

Background

Our previous investigation indicated that the preparation of Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) inhibited melanogenesis. It comprised salicylic acid (SA), protocatechuic acid (PA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), vanillic acid (VA), and caffeic acid (CA). In this investigation, the regulatory effects of P. ginseng phenolic acid monomers on melanin production were assessed.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo impact of phenolic acid monomers were assessed.

Results

SA, PA, p-CA and VA inhibited tyrosinase (TYR) to reduce melanin production, whereas CA had the opposite effects. SA, PA, p-CA and VA significantly downregulated the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), cycle AMP (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cycle AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway, reducing mRNA and protein levels of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and TYRP2. Moreover, CA treatment enhanced the cAMP, PKA, and CREB pathways to promote MITF mRNA level and phosphorylation. It also alleviated MITF protein level in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, comparable to untreated B16F10, increasing the expression of phosphorylation glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β), β-catenin, p-ERK/ERK, and p-p38/p38. Furthermore, the GSK3β inhibitor promoted p-GSK3β and p-MITF expression, as observed in CA-treated cells. Moreover, p38 and ERK inhibitors inhibited CA-stimulated p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK, and p-MITF increase, which had negative binding energies with MC1R, as depicted by molecular docking.

Conclusion

P. ginseng roots' phenolic acid monomers can safely inhibit melanin production by bidirectionally regulating melanin synthase transcription. Furthermore, they reduced MITF expression via MC1R/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and enhanced MITF post-translational modification via Wnt/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

研究背景:我们的前期研究表明人参提取物具有抑制黑色素生成的作用。它由水杨酸(SA)、原儿茶酸(PA)、对香豆酸(p-CA)、香草酸(VA)和咖啡酸(CA)组成。本研究评估了人参酚酸单体对黑色素生成的调节作用。方法评价酚酸单体在体外和体内的影响。结果sa、PA、p-CA和VA抑制酪氨酸酶(TYR)减少黑色素生成,而CA具有相反的作用。SA、PA、p-CA和VA显著下调黑素皮质素1受体(MC1R)、循环AMP (cAMP)、蛋白激酶A (PKA)、循环AMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)、小眼相关转录因子(MITF)通路,降低TYR、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1 (TYRP1)和TYRP2的mRNA和蛋白水平。此外,CA处理可增强cAMP、PKA和CREB通路,促进MITF mRNA水平和磷酸化。在α- msh刺激的B16F10细胞中,MITF蛋白水平与未处理的B16F10相当,磷酸化糖原合成酶激酶3β (p-GSK3β)、β-catenin、p-ERK/ERK和p-p38/p38的表达增加。此外,在ca处理的细胞中观察到,GSK3β抑制剂促进了p-GSK3β和p-MITF的表达。此外,p38和ERK抑制剂抑制ca刺激的p-p38/p38、p-ERK/ERK和p-MITF的增加,这些蛋白与MC1R呈负结合能,如分子对接所示。人参根酚酸单体可以通过双向调节黑色素合成酶转录来安全抑制黑色素的产生。此外,它们通过MC1R/cAMP/PKA信号通路降低MITF的表达,并通过Wnt/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路增强MITF的翻译后修饰。
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引用次数: 1
20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 exerts anti-fibrotic effect after myocardial infarction by alleviation of fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition through TGFBR1 signaling pathways 20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3通过TGFBR1信号通路抑制成纤维细胞增殖和胶原沉积,发挥心肌梗死后抗纤维化作用
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.007
Honglin Xu , Haifeng Miao , Guanghong Chen , Guoyong Zhang , Yue Hua , Yuting Wu , Tong Xu , Xin Han , Changlei Hu , Mingjie Pang , Leyi Tan , Bin Liu , Yingchun Zhou

Background

Myocardial fibrosis post-myocardial infarction (MI) can induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling as well as heart failure. Although 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been applied to cardiovascular diseases, its efficacy and specific molecular mechanism in myocardial fibrosis are largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore whether TGFBR1 signaling was involved in Rg3's anti-fibrotic effect post-MI.

Methods

Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation-induced MI mice and TGF-β1-stimulated primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were adopted. Echocardiography, hematoxlin-eosin and Masson staining, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry, CCK8 and Edu were used to study the effects of Rg3 on myocardial fibrosis and TGFBR1 signaling. The combination mechanism of Rg3 and TGFBR1 was explored by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). Moreover, myocardial Tgfbr1-deficient mice and TGFBR1 adenovirus were adopted to confirm the pharmacological mechanism of Rg3.

Results

In vivo experiments, Rg3 ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy and enhanced cardiac function. Rg3-TGFBR1 had the 1.78 × 10−7 M equilibrium dissociation constant based on SPRi analysis, and Rg3 inhibited the activation of TGFBR1/Smads signaling dose-dependently. Cardiac-specific Tgfbr1 knockdown abolished Rg3's protection against myocardial fibrosis post-MI. In addition, Rg3 down-regulated the TGF-β1-mediated CFs growth together with collagen production in vitro through TGFBR1 signaling. Moreover, TGFBR1 adenovirus partially blocked the inhibitory effect of Rg3.

Conclusion

Rg3 improves myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function through suppressing CFs proliferation along with collagen deposition by inactivation of TGFBR1 pathway.

心肌梗死后心肌纤维化可引起心脏重构不良和心力衰竭。虽然20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3 (Rg3)已被应用于心血管疾病,但其在心肌纤维化中的疗效和具体分子机制尚不清楚。在此,我们旨在探讨TGFBR1信号是否参与Rg3在心肌梗死后的抗纤维化作用。方法采用左前降支冠脉结扎诱导心肌梗死小鼠和TGF-β1刺激的原代心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)。采用超声心动图、苏木精-伊红和Masson染色、Western-blot和免疫组织化学、CCK8和Edu研究Rg3对心肌纤维化和TGFBR1信号通路的影响。采用表面等离子体共振成像(SPRi)技术探讨Rg3与TGFBR1的结合机制。此外,采用心肌TGFBR1缺陷小鼠和TGFBR1腺病毒验证Rg3的药理机制。结果在体内实验中,Rg3能改善心肌纤维化和肥厚,增强心功能。根据SPRi分析,Rg3-TGFBR1的平衡解离常数为1.78 × 10−7 M, Rg3抑制TGFBR1/Smads信号通路的激活呈剂量依赖性。心脏特异性Tgfbr1敲低可消除Rg3对心肌梗死后心肌纤维化的保护作用。此外,Rg3通过TGFBR1信号通路下调TGF-β1介导的体外CFs生长及胶原生成。此外,TGFBR1腺病毒部分阻断了Rg3的抑制作用。结论rg3通过灭活TGFBR1通路,抑制CFs增殖和胶原沉积,改善心肌纤维化和心功能。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-thrombotic effects of ginsenoside Rk3 by regulating cAMP and PI3K/MAPK pathway on human platelets 人参皂苷Rk3调节人血小板cAMP和PI3K/MAPK通路的抗血栓作用
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.006
Hyuk-Woo Kwon , Jung-Hae Shin , Man Hee Rhee , Chang-Eun Park , Dong-Ha Lee

Background and objective

The ability to inhibit aggregation has been demonstrated with synthetically derived ginsenoside compounds G-Rp (1, 3, and 4) and ginsenosides naturally found in Panax ginseng 20(S)-Rg3, Rg6, F4, and Ro. Among these compounds, Rk3 (G-Rk3) from Panax ginseng needs to be further explored in order to reveal the mechanisms of action during inhibition.

Methodology

Our study focused to investigate the action of G-Rk3 on agonist-stimulated human platelet aggregation, inhibition of platelet signaling molecules such as fibrinogen binding with integrin αIIbβ3 using flow cytometry, intracellular calcium mobilization, dense granule secretion, and thromboxane B2 secretion. In addition, we checked the regulation of phosphorylation on PI3K/MAPK pathway, and thrombin-induced clot retraction was also observed in platelets rich plasma.

Key Results

G-Rk3 significantly increased amounts of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and led to significant phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent kinase substrates vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). In the presence of G-Rk3, dense tubular system Ca2+ was inhibited, and platelet activity was lowered by inactivating the integrin αIIb/β3 and reducing the binding of fibrinogen. Furthermore, the effect of G-Rk3 extended to the inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation resulting in the reduced secretion of intracellular granules and reduced production of TXA2. Lastly, G-Rk3 inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombus formation via fibrin clot.

Conclusions and implications

These results suggest that when dealing with cardiovascular diseases brought upon by faulty aggregation among platelets or through the formation of a thrombus, the G-Rk3 compound can play a role as an effective prophylactic or therapeutic agent.

背景与目的合成的人参皂苷化合物G-Rp(1,3,4)和人参20(S)中天然存在的人参皂苷-Rg3, Rg6, F4和Ro具有抑制聚集的能力。其中,人参中的Rk3 (G-Rk3)在抑制过程中的作用机制有待进一步研究。方法采用流式细胞术研究G-Rk3对激动剂刺激的人血小板聚集、抑制血小板信号分子(如纤维蛋白原与整合素α ib β3结合)、细胞内钙动员、致密颗粒分泌和血栓素B2分泌的作用。此外,我们还检查了磷酸化对PI3K/MAPK通路的调节,并且在富血小板血浆中也观察到凝血酶诱导的凝块收缩。g - rk3显著增加环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的量,并导致cAMP依赖性激酶底物血管扩张剂刺激磷酸化蛋白(VASP)和肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸受体(IP3R)的显著磷酸化。在G-Rk3存在下,通过失活整合素αIIb/β3和减少纤维蛋白原的结合,致密管系统Ca2+被抑制,血小板活性降低。此外,G-Rk3的作用扩展到抑制MAPK和PI3K/Akt磷酸化,导致细胞内颗粒分泌减少,TXA2的产生减少。最后,G-Rk3通过纤维蛋白凝块抑制血小板聚集和血栓形成。结论和意义这些结果表明,当处理由血小板错误聚集或血栓形成引起的心血管疾病时,G-Rk3化合物可以作为有效的预防或治疗药物发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on stress-related neurotransmitters and gene expression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 高丽红参对应激相关神经递质和基因表达的影响:一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.001
Jihyun Yoon , Byoungjin Park , Kyung-Won Hong , Dong-Hyuk Jung

Background

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an effective anti-stress treatment. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential effects of KRG on relieving stress in a general population using transcriptome analysis.

Methods

We conducted an 8-week clinical pilot study on 90 healthy men who reported stress. The study was completed by 43 participants in the KRG group and 44 participants in the placebo group. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the KRG and placebo groups. We evaluated the stress by stress response inventory (SRI) at baseline and 8 weeks. The main outcomes were changes in the levels of neurotransmitters (NTs) and NT-related gene expression. NTs were analyzed using automated (GC) content, and levels of gene expression were measured by reads per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (RPKM).

Results

The KRG group showed significantly preserved epinephrine decrease compared with placebo group at 8 weeks (changes in epinephrine, KRG vs. placebo; −1623.2 ± 46101.5 vs. −35116.3 ± 86288.2, p = 0012). Among subjects who higher SRI score, meaning stress increased compared to baseline, the KRG group showed a smaller decrease in serotonin than the placebo group (changes in serotonin, KRG vs. placebo; −2627.5 ± 5859.1 vs, −8087.4 ± 7162.4, p = 0.005) and a smaller increase in cortisol than the placebo group (changes in cortisol, KRG vs. placebo; 1912.7 ± 10097.75 vs. 8046.2 ± 8050.6 , p = 0.019) in subgroup analysis. Transcriptome findings indicated that KRG intake affects gene expression related with metabolism of choline, adrenalin, and monoamine.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that KRG has beneficial effects on the amelioration of stress response in NTs, and this effect is more prominent in stressful situations. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the anti-stress effect of KRG.

高丽红参(KRG)是一种有效的抗应激药物。在这项研究中,我们利用转录组分析研究了KRG在缓解一般人群压力方面的潜在治疗作用。方法我们对90名有压力的健康男性进行了为期8周的临床试验。KRG组的43名参与者和安慰剂组的44名参与者完成了这项研究。参与者按1:1随机分为KRG组和安慰剂组。我们在基线和8周时通过应激反应量表(SRI)评估应激。主要结果是神经递质(nt)水平和nt相关基因表达的变化。使用自动(GC)含量分析NTs,并通过每千碱基转录物的每百万映射reads (RPKM)的reads数来测量基因表达水平。结果与安慰剂组相比,KRG组在8周时表现出明显的肾上腺素下降(肾上腺素变化,KRG与安慰剂;−1623.2±46101.5 vs−35116.3±86288.2,p = 0012)。在SRI得分较高的受试者中,这意味着与基线相比压力增加,KRG组的血清素下降幅度小于安慰剂组(血清素变化,KRG vs.安慰剂;- 2627.5±5859.1 vs - 8087.4±7162.4,p = 0.005),皮质醇的升高幅度小于安慰剂组(皮质醇、KRG的变化与安慰剂组;1912.7±10097.75∶8046.2±8050.6,p = 0.019)。转录组研究结果表明,KRG摄入影响与胆碱、肾上腺素和单胺代谢相关的基因表达。结论KRG具有改善NTs应激反应的有益作用,且在应激情境下效果更为显著。KRG的抗应激作用有待进一步的临床研究证实。
{"title":"The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on stress-related neurotransmitters and gene expression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Jihyun Yoon ,&nbsp;Byoungjin Park ,&nbsp;Kyung-Won Hong ,&nbsp;Dong-Hyuk Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an effective anti-stress treatment. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential effects of KRG on relieving stress in a general population using transcriptome analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted an 8-week clinical pilot study on 90 healthy men who reported stress. The study was completed by 43 participants in the KRG group and 44 participants in the placebo group. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the KRG and placebo groups. We evaluated the stress by stress response inventory (SRI) at baseline and 8 weeks. The main outcomes were changes in the levels of neurotransmitters (NTs) and NT-related gene expression. NTs were analyzed using automated (GC) content, and levels of gene expression were measured by reads per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (RPKM).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The KRG group showed significantly preserved epinephrine decrease compared with placebo group at 8 weeks (changes in epinephrine, KRG vs. placebo; −1623.2 ± 46101.5 vs. −35116.3 ± 86288.2, p = 0012). Among subjects who higher SRI score, meaning stress increased compared to baseline, the KRG group showed a smaller decrease in serotonin than the placebo group (changes in serotonin, KRG vs. placebo; −2627.5 ± 5859.1 vs, −8087.4 ± 7162.4, p = 0.005) and a smaller increase in cortisol than the placebo group (changes in cortisol, KRG vs. placebo; 1912.7 ± 10097.75 vs. 8046.2 ± 8050.6 , p = 0.019) in subgroup analysis. Transcriptome findings indicated that KRG intake affects gene expression related with metabolism of choline, adrenalin, and monoamine.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest that KRG has beneficial effects on the amelioration of stress response in NTs, and this effect is more prominent in stressful situations. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the anti-stress effect of KRG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Pages 766-772"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323001069/pdfft?md5=c4d3f89c8370c4bed6a7529c82f948da&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323001069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48579918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Korean Red Ginseng extract ameliorates demyelination by inhibiting infiltration and activation of immune cells in cuprizone-administrated mice 高丽红参提取物通过抑制铜离子给药小鼠免疫细胞的浸润和活化改善脱髓鞘
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.05.001
Min Jung Lee , Jong Hee Choi , Tae Woo Kwon , Hyo-Sung Jo , Yujeong Ha , Seung-Yeol Nah , Ik-Hyun Cho

Background

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), the steamed root of Panax ginseng, has pharmacological activities for immunological and neurodegenerative disorders. But, the role of KRGE in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear.

Purpose

To determine whether KRG extract (KRGE) could inhibit demyelination in corpus callosum (CC) of cuprizone (CPZ)-induced murine model of MS

Methods

Male adult mice were fed with a standard chow diet or a chow diet supplemented with 0.2% (w/w) CPZ ad libitum for six weeks to induce demyelination while were simultaneously administered with distilled water (DW) alone or KRGE-DW (0.004%, 0.02 and 0.1% of KRGE) by drinking.

Results

Administration with KRGE-DW alleviated demyelination and oligodendrocyte degeneration associated with inhibition of infiltration and activation of resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages as well as downregulation of proinflammatory mediators in the CC of CPZ-fed mice. KRGE-DW also attenuated the level of infiltration of Th1 and Th17) cells, in line with inhibited mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively, in the CC. These positive effects of KRGE-DW mitigated behavioral dysfunction based on elevated plus maze and the rotarod tests.

Conclusion

The results strongly suggest that KRGE-DW may inhibit CPZ-induced demyelination due to its oligodendroglial protective and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting infiltration/activation of immune cells. Thus, KRGE might have potential in therapeutic intervention for MS.

背景韩国红参是人参的蒸根,具有治疗免疫和神经退行性疾病的药理活性。但是,KRGE在多发性硬化症(MS)中的作用尚不清楚。目的确定KRG提取物(KRGE)是否能抑制铜腙(CPZ)诱导的MS小鼠模型胼胝体脱髓鞘(KRGE的0.004%、0.02和0.1%)。结果给予KRGE-DW减轻了CPZ喂养小鼠CC的脱髓鞘和少突胶质细胞变性,这与抑制常驻小胶质细胞和单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞的浸润和活化以及下调促炎介质有关。KRGE-DW还降低了Th1和Th17)细胞的浸润水平,分别与CC中IFN-γ和IL-17的mRNA表达受到抑制一致。基于升高的正迷宫和旋转棒测试,KRGE-DW的这些积极作用减轻了行为功能障碍。结论KRGE-DW可能通过抑制免疫细胞的浸润/活化来抑制CPZ诱导的脱髓鞘,这是由于其具有少突胶质细胞的保护和抗炎活性。因此,KRGE可能在MS的治疗干预中具有潜力。
{"title":"Korean Red Ginseng extract ameliorates demyelination by inhibiting infiltration and activation of immune cells in cuprizone-administrated mice","authors":"Min Jung Lee ,&nbsp;Jong Hee Choi ,&nbsp;Tae Woo Kwon ,&nbsp;Hyo-Sung Jo ,&nbsp;Yujeong Ha ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah ,&nbsp;Ik-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), the steamed root of <em>Panax ginseng</em>, has pharmacological activities for immunological and neurodegenerative disorders. But, the role of KRGE in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine whether KRG extract (KRGE) could inhibit demyelination in corpus callosum (CC) of cuprizone (CPZ)-induced murine model of MS</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male adult mice were fed with a standard chow diet or a chow diet supplemented with 0.2% (w/w) CPZ <em>ad libitum</em> for six weeks to induce demyelination while were simultaneously administered with distilled water (DW) alone or KRGE-DW (0.004%, 0.02 and 0.1% of KRGE) by drinking.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Administration with KRGE-DW alleviated demyelination and oligodendrocyte degeneration associated with inhibition of infiltration and activation of resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages as well as downregulation of proinflammatory mediators in the CC of CPZ-fed mice. KRGE-DW also attenuated the level of infiltration of Th1 and Th17) cells, in line with inhibited mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively, in the CC. These positive effects of KRGE-DW mitigated behavioral dysfunction based on elevated plus maze and the rotarod tests.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results strongly suggest that KRGE-DW may inhibit CPZ-induced demyelination due to its oligodendroglial protective and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting infiltration/activation of immune cells. Thus, KRGE might have potential in therapeutic intervention for MS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 5","pages":"Pages 672-680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/de/main.PMC10499591.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10300436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skin wound healing effects of (+)-syringaresinol from ginseng berry 人参果中(+)-丁香树脂醇对皮肤创伤的愈合作用
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.003
Jee-hyun Hwang , Yeonsoo Kang , Heui-Jin Park , Seolyeong Kim , Su-Hyun Lee , Hangun Kim , Sang-Jip Nam , Kyung-Min Lim

Background

Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine and functional cosmetic ingredients for many years. Recent studies have focused on the potential biological effects of the ginseng berry and its ingredients. (+)-Syringaresinol (SYR) is enriched in ginseng berry and its beneficial effects on the skin have been recently reported. However, little is known about the its effects on the wound healing process of skin.

Methods

Here, we evaluated the skin wound healing effect of (+)-SYR using the human fibroblast Hs68 cell and ex vivo pig and human skin tissue model. Scratch wound test and hydrogen peroxide (HPO) induce chemical wound model were employed.

Results

(+)-SYR promoted the migration and proliferation of Hs68 cells without significant cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations. Especially, in ex vivo pig and human skin tissue, HPO-induced chemical wound was recovered almost completely by (+)-SYR. In line with the finding in Hs68, the protein expression levels of TGF-β and PCNA, a proliferation marker were increased, demonstrating the beneficial effects of (+)-SYR on skin wound repair.

Conclusion

Collectively, we demonstrated that (+)-SYR from ginseng berry, can enhance the wound healing effect by accelerating cell proliferation and skin regeneration, suggesting the potential utility of (+)-SYR for skin wound repair.

背景人参作为一种传统的药用和功能性化妆品原料已有多年的历史。最近的研究集中在人参浆果及其成分的潜在生物效应上。(+)-丁香树脂醇(SYR)在人参浆果中富集,最近报道了其对皮肤的有益作用。然而,人们对其对皮肤伤口愈合过程的影响知之甚少。方法采用人成纤维细胞Hs68细胞、离体猪和人皮肤组织模型,评价(+)-SYR对皮肤创伤的愈合作用。采用划痕实验和过氧化氢(HPO)诱导化学损伤模型。结果(+)-SYR能促进Hs68细胞的迁移和增殖,在实验浓度下无明显细胞毒性。特别是在离体猪和人皮肤组织中,(+)-SYR几乎完全恢复了HPO引起的化学损伤。与Hs68中的发现一致,TGF-β和增殖标志物PCNA的蛋白表达水平增加,表明(+)-SYR对皮肤伤口修复的有益作用。结论人参果中的(+)-SYR可通过加速细胞增殖和皮肤再生来增强伤口愈合效果,提示其在皮肤伤口修复中具有潜在的应用价值。
{"title":"Skin wound healing effects of (+)-syringaresinol from ginseng berry","authors":"Jee-hyun Hwang ,&nbsp;Yeonsoo Kang ,&nbsp;Heui-Jin Park ,&nbsp;Seolyeong Kim ,&nbsp;Su-Hyun Lee ,&nbsp;Hangun Kim ,&nbsp;Sang-Jip Nam ,&nbsp;Kyung-Min Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine and functional cosmetic ingredients for many years. Recent studies have focused on the potential biological effects of the ginseng berry and its ingredients. (+)-Syringaresinol (SYR) is enriched in ginseng berry and its beneficial effects on the skin have been recently reported. However, little is known about the its effects on the wound healing process of skin.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Here, we evaluated the skin wound healing effect of (+)-SYR using the human fibroblast Hs68 cell and <em>ex vivo</em> pig and human skin tissue model. Scratch wound test and hydrogen peroxide (HPO) induce chemical wound model were employed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(+)-SYR promoted the migration and proliferation of Hs68 cells without significant cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations. Especially, in <em>ex vivo</em> pig and human skin tissue, HPO-induced chemical wound was recovered almost completely by (+)-SYR. In line with the finding in Hs68, the protein expression levels of TGF-β and PCNA, a proliferation marker were increased, demonstrating the beneficial effects of (+)-SYR on skin wound repair.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Collectively, we demonstrated that (+)-SYR from ginseng berry, can enhance the wound healing effect by accelerating cell proliferation and skin regeneration, suggesting the potential utility of (+)-SYR for skin wound repair.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 5","pages":"Pages 654-661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/65/main.PMC10499580.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10672533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on heme oxygenase-1 with a focus on mitochondrial function in pathophysiologic conditions 韩国红参对血红素加氧酶-1的影响,重点是病理生理条件下的线粒体功能
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.001
Chang-Hee Kim , Hahn Young Kim , Seung-Yeol Nah , Yoon Kyung Choi

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) plays a key role in heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction under physical and moderate oxidative stress conditions. The transient and mild induction of HO-1 is beneficial for cell protection, mitochondrial function, regeneration, and intercellular communication. However, chronic HO-1 overexpression is detrimental in severely injured regions. Thus, in a chronic pathological state, diminishing HO-1-mediated ferroptosis is beneficial for a therapeutic approach. The molecular mechanisms by which KRG protects various cell types in the central nervous system have not yet been established, especially in terms of HO-1-mediated mitochondrial functions. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the multiple roles of KRG in the regulation of astrocytic HO-1 under pathophysiological conditions. More specifically, we discuss the role of the KRG-mediated astrocytic HO-1 pathway in regulating mitochondrial functions in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases as well as physiological conditions.

在物理和中度氧化应激条件下,韩国红参(KRG)在血红素加氧酶(HO)-1的诱导中起着关键作用。HO-1的短暂和温和诱导有利于细胞保护、线粒体功能、再生和细胞间通讯。然而,慢性HO-1过表达在严重损伤区域是有害的。因此,在慢性病理状态下,减少HO-1介导的脱铁性贫血对治疗方法是有益的。KRG保护中枢神经系统中各种细胞类型的分子机制尚未建立,特别是在HO-1介导的线粒体功能方面。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了KRG在病理生理条件下调节星形细胞HO-1的多种作用。更具体地说,我们讨论了KRG介导的星形细胞HO-1通路在急性和慢性神经退行性疾病以及生理条件下调节线粒体功能的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Ginsenoside Rk1 inhibits HeLa cell proliferation through an endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathway 人参皂苷Rk1通过内质网信号通路抑制HeLa细胞增殖
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.004
Qiuyang Li , Hang Sun , Shiwei Liu, Jinxin Tang, Shengnan Liu, Pei Yin, Qianwen Mi, Jingsheng Liu, Lei yu, Yunfeng Bi

Background

Changes to work-life balance has increased the incidence of cervical cancer among younger people. A minor ginseng saponin known as ginsenoside Rk1 can inhibit the growth and survival of human cancer cells; however, whether ginsenoside Rk1 inhibits HeLa cell proliferation is unknown.

Methods and results

Ginsenoside Rk1 blocked HeLa cells in the G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited cell division and proliferation. Ginsenoside Rk1 markedly also activated the apoptotic signaling pathway via caspase 3, PARP, and caspase 6. In addition, ginsenoside Rk1 increased LC3B protein expression, indicating the promotion of the autophagy signaling pathway. Protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathway was downregulated in Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, consistent with teal-time quantitative PCR and western blotting that showed YOD1, HSPA4L, DNAJC3, and HSP90AA1 expression levels were dramatically decreased in HeLa cells treated with ginsenoside Rk1, with YOD1 was the most significantly inhibited by ginsenoside Rk1 treatment.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the toxicity of ginsenoside Rk1 in HeLa cells can be explained by the inhibition of protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhanced apoptosis, with YOD1 acting as a potential target for cervical cancer treatment.

背景工作与生活平衡的改变增加了年轻人中宫颈癌症的发病率。一种被称为人参皂苷Rk1的小人参皂苷可以抑制人类癌症细胞的生长和存活;然而,人参皂苷Rk1是否抑制HeLa细胞增殖尚不清楚。方法和结果人参皂苷Rk1以剂量依赖的方式阻断HeLa细胞G0/G1期,抑制细胞分裂和增殖。人参皂苷Rk1还通过胱天蛋白酶3、PARP和胱天蛋白酶6显著激活凋亡信号通路。此外,人参皂苷Rk1增加了LC3B蛋白的表达,表明促进了自噬信号通路。在基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析中,内质网信号通路中的蛋白质加工下调,与蓝绿色定量PCR和蛋白质印迹一致,显示人参皂苷Rk1处理的HeLa细胞中YOD1、HSPA4L、DNAJC3和HSP90AA1的表达水平显著降低,人参皂苷Rk1对YOD1的抑制作用最为显著。结论人参皂苷Rk1对HeLa细胞的毒性可通过抑制内质网蛋白合成和促进细胞凋亡来解释,YOD1是治疗癌症的潜在靶点。
{"title":"Ginsenoside Rk1 inhibits HeLa cell proliferation through an endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathway","authors":"Qiuyang Li ,&nbsp;Hang Sun ,&nbsp;Shiwei Liu,&nbsp;Jinxin Tang,&nbsp;Shengnan Liu,&nbsp;Pei Yin,&nbsp;Qianwen Mi,&nbsp;Jingsheng Liu,&nbsp;Lei yu,&nbsp;Yunfeng Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Changes to work-life balance has increased the incidence of cervical cancer among younger people. A minor ginseng saponin known as ginsenoside Rk1 can inhibit the growth and survival of human cancer cells; however, whether ginsenoside Rk1 inhibits HeLa cell proliferation is unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>Ginsenoside Rk1 blocked HeLa cells in the G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited cell division and proliferation. Ginsenoside Rk1 markedly also activated the apoptotic signaling pathway via caspase 3, PARP, and caspase 6. In addition, ginsenoside Rk1 increased LC3B protein expression, indicating the promotion of the autophagy signaling pathway. Protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathway was downregulated in Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, consistent with teal-time quantitative PCR and western blotting that showed YOD1, HSPA4L, DNAJC3, and HSP90AA1 expression levels were dramatically decreased in HeLa cells treated with ginsenoside Rk1, with YOD1 was the most significantly inhibited by ginsenoside Rk1 treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings indicate that the toxicity of ginsenoside Rk1 in HeLa cells can be explained by the inhibition of protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhanced apoptosis, with YOD1 acting as a potential target for cervical cancer treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 5","pages":"Pages 645-653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/bf/main.PMC10499649.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10655895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The potential of Panax notoginseng against COVID-19 infection 人参抗新冠肺炎感染的潜力
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.002
Yeye Hu , Ziliang He , Wei Zhang , Zhiqiang Niu , Yanting Wang , Ji Zhang , Ting Shen , Hong Cheng , Weicheng Hu

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world and has presented the scientific community with unprecedented challenges. Infection is associated with overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines secondary to hyperactivation of the innate immune response, inducing a cytokine storm and triggering multiorgan failure and significant morbidity/mortality. No specific treatment is yet available. For thousands of years, Panax notoginseng has been used to treat various infectious diseases. Experimental evidence of P. notoginseng utility in terms of alleviating the cytokine storm, especially the cascade, and improving post-COVID-19 symptoms, suggests that P. notoginseng may serve as a valuable adjunct treatment for COVID-19 infection.

新冠肺炎大流行改变了世界,给科学界带来了前所未有的挑战。感染与继发于先天免疫反应过度激活的促炎细胞因子的过度产生有关,诱导细胞因子风暴并引发多器官衰竭和显著的发病率/死亡率。目前还没有具体的治疗方法。数千年来,三七一直被用于治疗各种传染病。在缓解细胞因子风暴(尤其是级联)和改善COVID-19后症状方面,三七功效的实验证据表明,三七可能是COVID-19]感染的一种有价值的辅助治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of anti-skin disorders of ginsenosides- A Systematic Review 人参皂苷抗皮肤病作用的系统评价
IF 6.3 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.005
Lele Cong , Jinli Ma , Yundong Zhang , Yifa Zhou , Xianling Cong , Miao Hao

Ginsenosides are bioactive components of Panax ginseng with many functions such as anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and anti-tumor. Ginsenosides are categorized into dammarane, oleanene, and ocotillol type tricyclic triterpenoids based on the aglycon structure. Based on the sugar moiety linked to C-3, C-20, and C-6, C-20, dammarane type was divided into protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT). The effects of ginsenosides on skin disorders are noteworthy. They play anti-aging roles by enhancing immune function, resisting melanin formation, inhibiting oxidation, and elevating the concentration of collagen and hyaluronic acid. Thus, ginsenosides have previously been widely used to resist skin diseases and aging. This review details the role of ginsenosides in the anti-skin aging process from mechanisms and experimental research.

人参皂甙是人参的生物活性成分,具有抗衰老、抗氧化、抗炎、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤等多种功能。根据苷元结构,人参皂苷可分为达玛烷、油酸烯和奥替洛尔型三环三萜。根据与C-3、C-20和C-6、C-20连接的糖部分,达玛烷型分为原人参二醇(PPD)和原人参三醇(PPT)。人参皂苷对皮肤疾病的影响是值得注意的。它们通过增强免疫功能、抵抗黑色素形成、抑制氧化以及提高胶原蛋白和透明质酸的浓度来发挥抗衰老作用。因此,人参皂苷先前已被广泛用于抵抗皮肤病和衰老。本文从机理和实验研究两个方面详细介绍了人参皂苷在抗皮肤衰老过程中的作用。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Ginseng Research
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