Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献_第2页

Research progress of ginseng active ingredients combined with chemotherapy in cancer therapy 人参有效成分联合化疗治疗癌症的研究进展。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.100971

Yuhao Zhang, Changyu Shao, Jinguo Li, Yining Bai, Guofei Li, Tianyang Ren

Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer therapy and is widely employed in clinical practice. However, the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy is often hindered by drug resistance and adverse effects. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of ginseng active ingredients in combination with chemotherapy. This review systematically summarizes that ginseng active ingredients can not only inhibit tumor proliferation by promoting cancer cell apoptosis and arresting cancer cell cycle, inhibit tumor metastasis by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis at the tumor site, but also reverse drug resistance by suppressing intracellular drug efflux and tumor immune evasion, and at the same time they can alleviate organ toxicities including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and ototoxicity as well as toxicities to the nervous system, hematopoietic system, and immune system induced by chemotherapy through multiple mechanisms, which shows great promise in cancer therapy. It elaborates the pharmacological actions of key constituents including ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2, while incorporating innovative research findings on constituents including pseudoginsenoside F11, ginseng polysaccharides, and lipids. Furthermore, this review also specifically focuses on cutting-edge mechanisms including ferroptosis and pyroptosis, which enriches the theoretical basis of the application of ginseng active ingredients in cancer therapy and provides novel research directions.

化疗仍然是癌症治疗的基石，并广泛应用于临床实践。然而，化疗的治疗效果往往受到耐药性和不良反应的阻碍。最近的研究强调了人参有效成分与化疗结合的潜力。本文系统综述了人参活性成分不仅可以通过促进癌细胞凋亡和阻滞癌细胞周期来抑制肿瘤增殖，通过抑制肿瘤部位上皮-间质转化（EMT）和血管生成来抑制肿瘤转移，还可以通过抑制细胞内药物外排和肿瘤免疫逃逸来逆转耐药，同时还可以减轻肾毒性、肝毒性、肝毒性等器官毒性。化疗通过多种机制诱导心脏毒性、胃肠道毒性、耳毒性以及神经系统、造血系统、免疫系统的毒性，在癌症治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。阐述了人参皂苷Rg3、Rh2等关键成分的药理作用，并结合了假人参皂苷F11、人参多糖、脂类等成分的创新研究成果。此外，本文还对铁下垂、焦下垂等前沿机制进行了综述，丰富了人参有效成分在肿瘤治疗中的应用理论基础，提供了新的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting mitochondrial quality control: Ginsenoside Rg1 as a therapeutic candidate for neuromuscular diseases 靶向线粒体质量控制：人参皂苷Rg1作为神经肌肉疾病的候选治疗药物。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.12.003

Xiaoqing Cai , Haixia Lan , Yingying Jiao , Yaoqi Wu , Peidan Yang , Tongkai Chen , Yafang Song

Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are complex disorders caused by the dysfunction of motor neurons and skeletal muscles. They lead to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy and impose a significant economic burden on patients and society at large. The dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a key cellular process, contributes to the pathogenesis of several NMDs. Interestingly, accumulating evidence demonstrates that ginsenoside Rg1 can regulate MQC by modulating mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitocytosis, thus aiding with the management of several diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of ginsenoside Rg1's effects on mitochondrial function. Furthermore, it proposes that Rg1 may target MQC mechanisms, emerging as an effective active agent for the treatment of NMDs. This review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps and establish a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of ginsenoside Rg1 in the treatment of NMDs characterized by MQC dysfunction.

神经肌肉疾病是由运动神经元和骨骼肌功能障碍引起的复杂疾病。它们会导致进行性肌肉无力和萎缩，给患者和整个社会造成重大的经济负担。线粒体质量控制（MQC）是一个关键的细胞过程，其失调与几种nmd的发病机制有关。有趣的是，越来越多的证据表明，人参皂苷Rg1可以通过调节线粒体动力学、线粒体自噬、线粒体生物发生和有丝分裂来调节MQC，从而有助于治疗多种疾病。本文综述了目前对人参皂苷Rg1对线粒体功能影响的研究进展。此外，这表明Rg1可能靶向MQC机制，成为治疗nmd的有效活性剂。本文旨在弥补现有的知识空白，为人参皂苷Rg1治疗MQC功能障碍为特征的nmd的临床应用奠定理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of Panax quinquefolius: qualitative and quantitative analysis across different habitats, harvesting seasons and parts by UPLC/Triple TOF-MS and UPLC/Qtrap-MS 利用UPLC/Triple TOF-MS和UPLC/Qtrap-MS对西西参代谢组学综合分析：不同生境、不同收获季节和不同部位的定性和定量分析

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.015

Shou-rong Wu , Shuo Yuan , Yi-fan Li, Xiang-yang Liu, Peng-fei Tu, Xiao-yu Guo, Yong Jiang

Background

Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ, or American ginseng), is native to North America but is now widely cultivated in China. However, current research primarily focuses on ginsenosides, lacking comprehensive evaluation methods for other chemical constituents. There is also a notable gap in systematic comparisons across different habitats, as well as in-depth analyses of variations due to harvest seasons and plant parts. These gaps hinder the identification of appropriate and differential markers for distinguishing PQ from different sources.

Methods

A UPLC/Triple TOF-MS approach was employed for comprehensive characterization of the chemical constituents of PQ. Additionally, a widely targeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC/Qtrap-MS was adopted for for PQ, encompassing samples from diverse habitats (n = 64), harvesting seasons (n = 34), and plant parts (n = 47). A precise quantification method for 17 representative compounds was further employed to verify the potential differential markers.

Results

A total of 214 compounds were tentatively identified from PQ. Widely targeted metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that distinct chemical profiles existed in different habitats, different harvest seasons, and different parts of PQ. Notably, PQ samples from Shandong showed closer chemical profiles to those from North American samples. Several differential markers, including ginsenosides and organic acids, were identified and subsequently validated by precise quantification.

Conclusions

This study established a comprehensive, systematic, and highly applicable qualitative and quantitative method to compare PQ from different habitats, harvesting seasons, and plant parts. The approach provided detailed chemical characterization and robust quality evaluation, offering a solid foundation for further research and application.

背景：西洋参（Panax ququefolius L.，简称PQ）原产于北美，目前在中国广泛种植。然而，目前的研究主要集中在人参皂苷方面，缺乏对其他化学成分的综合评价方法。在不同生境之间的系统比较以及对收获季节和植物部位变化的深入分析方面也存在显著差距。这些差距阻碍了识别适当的和不同的标记物，以区分不同来源的PQ。方法：采用UPLC/三重TOF-MS法对PQ的化学成分进行综合表征。此外，基于UPLC/Qtrap-MS的广泛靶向代谢组学方法被用于PQ，包括来自不同栖息地（n = 64）、收获季节（n = 34）和植物部位（n = 47）的样本。进一步采用精确定量方法对17个代表性化合物进行鉴别标记验证。结果：从PQ中初步鉴定出214个化合物。广泛靶向代谢组学结合多变量统计分析表明，不同生境、不同收获季节和PQ不同部位存在不同的化学谱。值得注意的是，山东的PQ样品显示出与北美样品更接近的化学特征。几种差异标记，包括人参皂苷和有机酸，被鉴定并随后通过精确的定量验证。结论：本研究为不同生境、不同收获季节、不同植物部位的PQ比较建立了一种全面、系统、高适用性的定性和定量方法。该方法提供了详细的化学表征和可靠的质量评价，为进一步的研究和应用奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a-based nucleic acid detection system for the discrimination of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium 基于MIRA-CRISPR/ cas12的人参、西洋参核酸鉴别检测系统的建立

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.011

Yanchao Yang , Dongfan Yang , Meina Shi , Zifeng Huang , Xuening Zhang , Dayuan Zheng , Tong Chu , Wenzhe Ma

Background

Accurate identification of closely related herbal species is essential for ensuring the safety, efficacy, and authenticity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products. Panax ginseng (PG) and Panax quinquefolium (PQ) are two widely used ginseng species with similar morphological characteristics but distinct pharmacological profiles and market values.

Methods

We developed a nucleic acid detection platform that integrates multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) with CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence or lateral flow assay (LFA) for the rapid discrimination of PG and PQ. By targeting highly divergent mitochondrial gene regions, we designed species-specific crRNAs that enabled precise identification of PG and PQ with high sensitivity and specificity.

Results

By optimizing the conditions, the system can effectively distinguish PG and PQ, with a fluorescence detection limit of 10⁻⁴ ng/μL and a LFA detection limit of 10⁻³ ng/μL. It was also validated using 29 commercial samples including complex Chinese medicines. Compared with traditional DNA barcoding, the MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a system demonstrated superior performance in detecting mixed or processed herbal products.

Conclusion

This method offers a promising solution for point-of-care testing (POCT) in TCM quality control and provides a foundation for broader applications of CRISPR-based molecular authentication in herbal medicine.

背景：近缘草本植物物种的准确鉴定对于确保中药产品的安全性、有效性和真实性至关重要。人参（Panax ginseng， PG）和西洋参（Panax quinquefolium， PQ）是两种被广泛使用的人参品种，它们具有相似的形态特征，但具有不同的药理作用和市场价值。方法：建立多酶等温快速扩增（MIRA）与基于CRISPR/ cas12的荧光或侧流法（LFA）相结合的核酸检测平台，快速鉴别PG和PQ。通过靶向高度分化的线粒体基因区域，我们设计了物种特异性的crrna，能够以高灵敏度和特异性精确鉴定PG和PQ。结果：通过优化条件，该系统能有效区分PG和PQ，荧光检出限为10-4 ng/μL， LFA检出限为10-3 ng/μL。该方法还使用了包括复方中药在内的29种商业样品进行了验证。与传统的DNA条形码相比，MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a系统在检测混合或加工草药产品方面表现出优越的性能。结论：该方法为中药质量控制中的POCT （point-of-care testing）提供了一种有前景的解决方案，为基于crispr的分子鉴定技术在中药领域的广泛应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Cellular and molecular regulation of skin by ginseng and its bioactive Constituents: A review of studies from 2021 to 2025 人参及其生物活性成分对皮肤的细胞和分子调控：2021 - 2025年研究综述

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100982

Long You , Yeye Hu , Zuo Zhang , Xuan Liu , Lei Jin , Xinfeng Wang , Jae Youl Cho

The skin functions as the first line of defense against external and internal stressors, containing pathogen invasion, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and the loss of collagen and hydrogen, all of which could finally cause skin damage and cellular senescence. Over time, a large plenty of strategies, including herb therapies, have been developed to protect skin health. Ginseng is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been widely applied in various diseases. In recent years, ginseng and its bioactive compounds attracted increasing attention in dermatological and cosmeceutical research because of their modulatory effects on inflammation, melanogenesis, skin barrier function, and skin regeneration. Five years ago, a paper summarized the skin-protective properties and mechanisms of Korean Red Ginseng in different types of skin cells. Since then, another lustrum has passed, during which some new functions and insights related to ginseng in skin have been reported. Therefore, this paper reviews studies published over the past five years that investigate the effects and mechanisms of ginseng-derived compounds in keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. Moreover, the corresponding animal models are organized and discussed. This review provides an updated and structured reference to support future phytopharmacological and cosmeceutical development of ginseng-based studies for skin health.

皮肤是抵御外部和内部压力的第一道防线，包括病原体入侵、紫外线辐射、胶原蛋白和氢的流失，所有这些最终都会导致皮肤损伤和细胞衰老。随着时间的推移，大量的策略，包括草药疗法，已经开发出来保护皮肤健康。人参是一种著名的传统草药，已被广泛应用于各种疾病。近年来，人参及其生物活性物质因其对炎症、黑色素生成、皮肤屏障功能和皮肤再生的调节作用而越来越受到皮肤病学和药妆学研究的关注。五年前，一篇论文综述了高丽红参对不同类型皮肤细胞的皮肤保护特性和机制。从那以后，又一个时期过去了，在此期间，人参在皮肤中的一些新的功能和见解被报道出来。因此，本文综述了近五年来发表的有关人参衍生化合物在角质形成细胞、黑素细胞和成纤维细胞中的作用和机制的研究。并对相应的动物模型进行了组织和讨论。本文综述为今后人参对皮肤健康的植物药理学和药妆研究提供了更新和结构化的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into the regulation of glucose‒lipid metabolism by the bioactive constituents of ginseng 人参生物活性成分对糖脂代谢调节的机制研究。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.12.001

Yue Zhang , Rui Hao , Qi Zhong , Mingda Han , Shuang Zhao , Xiao Sun , Jiarui Li , Min Li , Xiaolin Tong

Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng, PG), a historically used phytotherapeutic agent with a long history and wide-ranging applications, has garnered increasing attention in recent years because of its considerable pharmacological value. Amid the global rise in metabolic disorders, P. ginseng, as a natural product, has been demonstrated to contain various bioactive components—including ginsenosides, P. ginseng polysaccharides, and P. ginseng peptides—that have significant pharmacological effects on glucose and lipid metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These bioactive compounds modulate glucose and lipid metabolism through multitarget mechanisms, including enhancing glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, and regulating adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid oxidation, as well as through gut microbiota-mediated regulation of glucose‒lipid metabolism. These effects help alleviate pathological conditions such as insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, involving key signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). As a result, P. ginseng shows significant promise and holds great potential for preventing and treating glucose‒lipid metabolic disorders. Ongoing advances in research and technology may further elucidate its underlying mechanisms and facilitate clinical translation, paving the way for the development of more effective therapeutics for metabolic regulation.

人参（P. ginseng， PG）是一种历史悠久、应用广泛的植物治疗剂，近年来因其相当大的药理价值而受到越来越多的关注。随着全球代谢疾病的增加，人参作为一种天然产物，已被证明含有多种生物活性成分-包括人参皂苷，人参多糖和人参肽-对糖和脂质代谢疾病如肥胖，2型糖尿病（T2DM）和非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）具有显着的药理作用。这些生物活性化合物通过多靶点机制调节糖脂代谢，包括增强葡萄糖摄取和糖原合成，抑制糖异生，调节脂肪细胞分化和脂肪酸氧化，以及通过肠道微生物介导的糖脂代谢调节。这些作用有助于缓解病理状况，如胰岛素抵抗（IR）、炎症、氧化应激和内质网（ER）应激，涉及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B （PI3K/AKT）、amp活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）和过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ (PPARγ)等关键信号通路。因此，人参在预防和治疗糖脂代谢紊乱方面显示出巨大的前景和潜力。研究和技术的不断进步可能会进一步阐明其潜在机制并促进临床转化，为开发更有效的代谢调节疗法铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Rg1-R1 attenuates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial cell injury through activating the ULK1/PGAM5-FUNDC1-mitophagy pathway Rg1-R1通过激活ULK1/PGAM5-FUNDC1-mitophagy通路，减轻心脏缺血/再灌注诱导的内皮细胞损伤。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.100973

Xiayinan Song , Jinlan Deng , Danyang Wang , Zhenzhen Zheng , Chao Li , Jie Li

Background

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a pivotal pathological mechanism underlying myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI).Ginsenoside Rg1 and notoginsenoside R1 exhibits cardioprotective effects against MIRI. However, their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of Rg1 and R1 in ameliorating cardiomyocyte injury through mitophagy regulation, with a focus on elucidating the molecular crosstalk between these compounds and key mitophagy-related signaling pathways.

Methods

Cardiac injury in mice was induced by subjecting the heart to 45 min of ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Post-injury, the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of Rg1-R1. The effects of Rg1-R1 on MIRI were assessed through electrocardiography, echocardiography, HE/Masson staining, and Transmission Electron Microscope. The impact of Rg1-R1 on biochemical markers of myocardial injury was also analyzed. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were pretreated with Rg1-R1 prior to being exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Subsequently, cellular function and mitochondrial function were evaluated.

Results

Our results indicated that in vivo, Rg1-R1 improved MIRI-induced cardiac dysfunction; in vitro, exposure of CMECs to Rg1-R1 reduced H/R injury severity and protected mitochondria. Further studies illustrated the protective effect of Rg1-R1 achieved via the regulation of FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy. In addition, we found that Rg1-R1 exerted these protective effects by activating FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy through the ULK1/PGAM5 pathway.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that Rg1-R1 attenuates MIRI-induced endothelial cell injury through activating the ULK1/PGAM5-FUNDC1-mitophagy pathway, and may represent a novel therapeutic target in the context of MIRI.

背景：线粒体功能障碍已被认为是心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（MIRI）的关键病理机制。人参皂苷Rg1和三七皂苷R1对MIRI具有心脏保护作用。然而，它们的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨Rg1和R1通过线粒体自噬调节改善心肌细胞损伤的治疗潜力，重点阐明这些化合物与线粒体自噬相关关键信号通路之间的分子串扰。方法：采用心脏缺血45min再灌注6h的方法诱导小鼠心脏损伤。损伤后，小鼠腹腔注射Rg1-R1。通过心电图、超声心动图、HE/Masson染色、透射电镜观察Rg1-R1对MIRI的影响。分析Rg1-R1对心肌损伤生化指标的影响。心脏微血管内皮细胞（CMECs）在缺氧/再氧化（H/R）前用Rg1-R1预处理。随后，观察细胞功能和线粒体功能。结果：我们的研究结果表明，在体内，Rg1-R1改善了mri诱导的心功能障碍；在体外，暴露于Rg1-R1的cmes可降低H/R损伤的严重程度并保护线粒体。进一步的研究表明Rg1-R1的保护作用是通过调节fundc1介导的线粒体自噬来实现的。此外，我们发现Rg1-R1通过ULK1/PGAM5途径激活fundc1依赖性的有丝分裂，从而发挥这些保护作用。结论：我们的研究结果表明，Rg1-R1通过激活ULK1/ pgam5 - fundc1 -线粒体自噬途径来减轻MIRI诱导的内皮细胞损伤，可能是MIRI背景下新的治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Recombinant single-chain variable fragment-based immunoassay for the authentication of Vietnamese ginseng via quantitative detection of majonoside R2 重组单链可变片段免疫法定量检测越南人参皂苷R2。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.100974

Jiranan Chaingam , Poomraphie Nuntawong , Le Van Huy , Sornkanok Vimolmangkang , Varalee Yodsurang , Seiichi Sakamoto

Background

Majonoside R2 (MR2) is an ocotillol-type saponin found at 3 %–5 % (w/w) in Panax vietnamensis that serves as a critical biomarker for authenticating sought-after Vietnamese ginseng varieties, such as Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau. However, widespread adulteration with morphologically similar species has created an urgent need for high-throughput, cost-effective authentication methods beyond chromatographic or deoxyribonucleic acid-based techniques.

Methods

A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against MR2 was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and functionally validated. Using this antibody, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (icELISA) approach was optimized for MR2 quantification in complex herbal matrices. The performance of this novel assay was benchmarked against that of a previously validated method using monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based ELISA and verified using authentic Panax spp. and Randia siamensis samples.

Results and conclusion

The scFv-based icELISA demonstrated a detection range of 31.25–1000 ng/mL for MR2, with high reproducibility and accuracy (CV <12.4 %, recovery 90.6 %–116.7 %). The assay was found to reliably distinguish authentic Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs from other Panax species with high specificity. Recombinant expression in E. coli enables scalable, animal-free production, facilitating the broader adoption of this icELISA across laboratories equipped with standard molecular biology infrastructure. These findings support the integration of scFv-based assays into regulatory frameworks for authenticating Vietnamese ginseng.

背景：Majonoside R2 （MR2）是一种在越南人参中含量为3% - 5% （w/w）的醇型皂苷，是鉴定越南人参品种（如玉林和丽州）的重要生物标志物。然而，由于形态相似物种的广泛掺假，迫切需要高通量、高成本效益的鉴定方法，而不是色谱或基于脱氧核糖核酸的技术。方法：在大肠杆菌中重组表达抗MR2的单链可变片段（scFv）抗体，纯化并进行功能验证。使用该抗体，优化了间接竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定（icELISA）方法，用于复杂草药基质中MR2的定量。这种新方法的性能与先前使用基于单克隆抗体（mAb）的ELISA验证方法的性能进行了基准测试，并使用真实的Panax spp.和Randia siamensis样品进行了验证。结果与结论：基于scfv的icELISA对MR2的检测范围为31.25 ~ 1000 ng/mL，重现性和准确性高（CV Panax种特异性高）。在大肠杆菌中的重组表达实现了可扩展的、无动物的生产，促进了在配备标准分子生物学基础设施的实验室中更广泛地采用该icELISA。这些发现支持将基于scfv的检测方法整合到越南人参认证的监管框架中。

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引用次数: 0

First-year seasonal growth regulation mechanism underlying storage root thickening in perennial Panax ginseng 多年生人参贮藏根增粗的第一年季节性生长调控机制。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.09.002

Jeongeui Hong , Wonsil Bae , Jung-Woo Lee , Jang-Uk Kim , Kyung Ho Ma , Donghwan Shim , Hojin Ryu

Background

Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) is a valuable perennial medicinal herb characterized by its unique storage roots, which develop through an annual growth cycle. Despite its significant agricultural and pharmaceutical importance, the molecular mechanisms driving the seasonal thickening of storage roots remain poorly understood.

Methods

This study utilized histological analysis and genome-wide transcriptome profiling to investigate the development of 1-year-old P. ginseng storage roots at early, middle, and late growth stages. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and network analyses were conducted to identify key signaling pathways. Additionally, the effects of exogenous treatment with storage root development related factors and transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgEXP4 were evaluated.

Results

The development of storage roots was characterized by the regeneration, activation and dormancy cycles of the vascular cambium. Early-stage growth was regulated by auxin, gibberellin (GA), and nitrate signaling, promoting cambium regeneration and storage parenchyma cell differentiation. Middle-stage growth involved enhanced cell division, cell wall biogenesis, and secondary growth facilitated by the GA-expansin module. Consistently, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing PgEXP4 showed enhanced root growth, suggesting its role in cell expansion during root development. Late-stage growth showed upregulation of jasmonic acid (JA) pathways, indicating their role in preparing for dormancy.

Conclusion

This study elucidates the first-year seasonal growth regulation mechanisms of P. ginseng storage roots, highlighting the intricate hormonal and genetic interactions across developmental stages. These findings provide insights into optimizing ginseng cultivation practices and enhancing crop yields.

背景：人参是一种珍贵的多年生药材，其特点是其独特的储存根，通过一年的生长周期发育。尽管具有重要的农业和制药意义，但驱动储存根季节性增厚的分子机制仍然知之甚少。方法：采用组织学分析和全基因组转录组分析方法，对1年生人参贮藏根生长早、中、后期的发育情况进行了研究。通过基因本体（GO）富集和网络分析来确定关键的信号通路。此外，我们还评估了外源处理对储根发育相关因子和转基因过表达PgEXP4的拟南芥植株的影响。结果：储藏根的发育以维管形成层的再生、激活和休眠周期为特征。早期生长受生长素、赤霉素（GA）和硝酸盐信号的调控，促进形成层再生和储存薄壁细胞分化。中期生长涉及细胞分裂、细胞壁生物发生和ga扩增素模块促进的二次生长。与此一致的是，过表达PgEXP4的转基因拟南芥根系生长增强，提示其在根系发育过程中参与细胞扩增。生长后期茉莉酸（jasmonic acid， JA）通路上调，表明它们在准备休眠中起作用。结论：本研究揭示了人参贮藏根第一年的季节性生长调控机制，揭示了不同发育阶段复杂的激素和遗传相互作用。这些发现为优化人参栽培方法和提高作物产量提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Metagenomics reveals an interaction among rhizosphere microbial community, soil properties and active ingredients in a medicinal crop Panax notoginseng 宏基因组学揭示了药用作物三七根际微生物群落、土壤性质和有效成分之间的相互作用。

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.006

Zheng-Wei Liang , Yan-Hui Guan , Zheng Lv , Sheng-Chao Yang , Ming Zhao , Jun-Wen Chen

Background

This study aimed to examine the effects of intensive cultivation practices on the rhizosphere microecology of Panax notoginseng. Additionally, we sought to compare these practices with an understory cultivation model that was intended to mimic native growth conditions, with the objective of improving the quality of Radix Notoginseng.

Methods

The total saponin and active ingredient content in both cultivation methods were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The nutrients of the rhizosphere soils associated with both cultivation methods (understory cultivated P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil [UCPS] and intensive cultivated P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil [ICPS]) were analyzed. The microbial communities present in UCPS and ICPS were characterized using metagenomic sequencing.

Results

The underground biomass accounted for 71.21 % and 74.00 % of the total biomass in understory cultivated P. notoginseng (UCPn) and intensively cultivated P. notoginseng (ICPn), respectively. The total saponin content in the main root of UCPn was found to be 109.24 ± 3.40 mg/g, compared to 91.31 ± 5.82 mg/g in ICPn. The concentration of medicinal ingredients (ginsenoside Rb1 + ginsenoside Rg1 + notoginsenoside R1) in UCPn was 10.83 %, while ICPn exhibited a higher concentration of 13.39 %. Microbial biomarkers identified in UCPS include Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, and Paraburkholderia, which are associated with nitrogen cycling processes. In contrast, Variovorax and Sphingobium were predominant in ICPS, contributing to phosphorus metabolism.

Conclusion

Rhizosphere soil microbial biomarkers influence soil carbon nutrition, which directly impacts the quality of UCPn. The quality of ICPn is primarily determined by phosphorus-related biomarkers, with indirect influences from carbon and nitrogen nutrition.

背景：本研究旨在探讨集约栽培对三七根际微生态的影响。此外，我们试图将这些做法与旨在模拟本地生长条件的林下栽培模式进行比较，目的是提高三七的质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法对两种栽培方法中总皂苷和有效成分含量进行定量分析。对两种栽培方式（林下栽培三七根际土壤[UCPS]和集约栽培三七根际土壤[ICPS]）的根际土壤养分进行了分析。利用宏基因组测序对UCPS和ICPS中存在的微生物群落进行了表征。结果：林下栽培三七（UCPn）和集约栽培三七（ICPn）地下生物量占总生物量的71.21%和74.00%。UCPn主根总皂苷含量为109.24±3.40 mg/g， ICPn为91.31±5.82 mg/g。UCPn中药用成分（人参皂苷Rb1 +人参皂苷Rg1 +三七皂苷R1）的浓度为10.83%，而ICPn的浓度更高，为13.39%。在UCPS中发现的微生物生物标志物包括与氮循环过程相关的慢生根瘤菌、假单胞菌和副aburkholderia。相比之下，在ICPS中，Variovorax和Sphingobium占优势，有助于磷的代谢。结论：根际土壤微生物生物标志物影响土壤碳营养，直接影响UCPn质量。ICPn的质量主要由磷相关的生物标志物决定，碳和氮营养也有间接影响。

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