Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献_第2页

Effects of Korean red ginseng on auditory, cognitive, and liver functions in a naturally aged mouse model

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.10.001

Sung Woo Shin , Ji Heon Shim , Youn Hee Nam , Na Woo Kim , Gyeong Jin Seo , Murughanantham Nevedita , Pandian Subha , Quy-Hoai Nguyen , Yong Su Jeong , Bin Na Hong , Tong Ho Kang

Background

Korean Red Ginseng and ginsenosides have been studied for their efficacy against various diseases, including those related to aging. However, most aging studies use D-galactose to induce aging, which often does not accurately represent natural aging. This study aimed to verify improvements in auditory, cognitive, and liver function through administering red ginseng to an 18-month-old naturally aging mouse model.

Methods

Auditory function was assessed using Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Auditory Middle Latency Response (AMLR). Cognitive function was evaluated electrophysiologically with P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), and behaviorally using the Y-maze. Additionally, biochemical tests and histological analysis were conducted to assess liver function. The effects of red ginseng on gene expression regulation were also examined in the cochlea, auditory cortex, and liver, focusing on age-related disease processes.

Results

Red ginseng significantly decreased hearing thresholds and improved central auditory function. It also enhanced cognitive behavior and function in response to external stimulation. Furthermore, red ginseng regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (Alb), and total protein (TP) levels, notably decreasing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver tissue showed significant improvement in fat droplets. These effects appear to be mediated by the regulation of aging-related genes Dec, c-Jun, Stat5b, and Lims2.

Conclusion

These results suggest that red ginseng improves auditory, cognitive, and liver functions in a naturally aged mouse model.

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引用次数: 0

Ginsenoside Rc prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and enhances muscle strength and motor function 人参皂苷 Rc 可防止地塞米松诱发的肌肉萎缩，增强肌肉力量和运动功能

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.002

Aeyung Kim , Sang-Min Park , No Soo Kim , Musun Park , Seongwon Cha

Background

A decline in muscle mass and function can impact the health, disease vulnerability, and mortality of older adults. Prolonged use of high doses of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), can cause muscle wasting and reduced strength. Ginsenoside Rc (gRc) has been shown to protect muscles by activating the PGC-1α pathway and improving mitochondrial function. The effects of gRc on muscle atrophy and function in mice are not fully understood.

Methods and results

The study discovered that gRc prevented the DEX-induced decrease in viability of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Furthermore, gRc inhibited myotube degradation and the upregulation of muscle degradation proteins induced by DEX. Transcriptome analysis of myotubes showed that gRc enhances muscle generation processes while suppressing the TGF-β pathway and oxidative stress response. In mice, gRc effectively reversed the reductions in body weight, muscle mass, and muscle fibers caused by DEX. Furthermore, gRc significantly enhanced muscle strength and exercise capacity. Docking and transcriptome analyses indicated that gRc may act as a competitive inhibitor of DEX at the glucocorticoid receptor, potentially preventing muscle loss.

Conclusion

The study suggests that gRc can prevent DEX-induced muscle wasting and weakness. Consequently, it may be a viable treatment option for sarcopenia and muscle-related disorders in various medical conditions.

肌肉质量和功能的下降会影响老年人的健康、疾病易感性和死亡率。长期使用大剂量糖皮质激素，如地塞米松（DEX），会导致肌肉萎缩和力量下降。研究表明，人参皂苷 Rc（gRc）可通过激活 PGC-1α 通路和改善线粒体功能来保护肌肉。目前还不完全清楚人参皂苷 Rc 对小鼠肌肉萎缩和功能的影响。研究发现，gRc能防止DEX诱导的C2C12成肌细胞和肌管活力下降。此外，gRc还能抑制DEX诱导的肌管降解和肌肉降解蛋白的上调。肌细胞的转录组分析表明，gRc在抑制TGF-β途径和氧化应激反应的同时，还能增强肌肉的生成过程。在小鼠体内，gRc能有效逆转DEX导致的体重、肌肉质量和肌肉纤维的减少。此外，gRc 还能明显增强肌肉力量和运动能力。对接和转录组分析表明，gRc可能是DEX在糖皮质激素受体上的竞争性抑制剂，有可能防止肌肉流失。这项研究表明，gRc 可以防止 DEX 引起的肌肉萎缩和虚弱。因此，它可能是治疗各种病症中肌肉疏松症和肌肉相关疾病的一种可行方法。

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引用次数: 0

Ginsenoside Rg1 improves hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction through TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-modulated mitophagy

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.10.002

Ru Zhang, Meili Lu, Chenyang Ran, Linchao Niu, Qi Qi, Hongxin Wang

Background

Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is one of the main pathogenic events in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous studies have demonstrated that the ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) can ameliorate PAH, but the mechanism by which Rg1 affects pulmonary VED in hypoxia-induced PAH remains unclear.

Methods

Network pharmacology, molecular docking and other experiments were used to explore the mechanisms by which Rg1 affects PAH. A PAH mouse model was established via hypoxia combined with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) inhibitor su5416 (SuHx), and a cell model was established via hypoxia. The functions of Rg1 in VED, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitophagy, and TXNIP and NLRP3 expression were examined.

Results

In hypoxia-induced VED, progressive exacerbation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitophagy were observed, and were associated with elevated TXNIP and NLRP3 expression in vivo and in vitro. Rg1 improved hypoxia-induced impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression. Rg1, SRI37330 (a TXNIP inhibitor), MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor), and Liensinine (a mitophagy inhibitor) attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitophagy by reducing the expression of TXNIP and NLRP3 in mice and cells. Furthermore, the combination of SB203580 (a mitophagy agonist) with Rg1 disrupted the protective effect of Rg1 on hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs).

Conclusion

Rg1 improves hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction through TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-modulated oxidative stress, inflammation and mitophagy.

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引用次数: 0

Non-saponin from Panax ginseng maintains blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways to prevent the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.005

Jinhee Oh , Yujeong Ha , Tae Woo Kwon , Hyo-Sung Jo , Sang-Kwan Moon , Yoonsung Lee , Seung-Yeol Nah , Min Soo Kim , Ik-Hyun Cho

Background

The non-saponin (NS) fraction is an important active component of Panax ginseng, with multifunctional pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of NSs on multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and autoimmune demyelinating disorder, have not yet been demonstrated.

Purpose

and Methods: The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the pharmacological actions of NSs on movement dysfunctions and the related mechanisms of action using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.

Results

NSs (p.o.) alleviated movement dysfunctions in EAE mice related to reduced demyelination in the lumbar spinal cord (LSC). NSs attenuated the recruitment of microglia (CD11b⁺/CD45^low) and macrophages (CD11b⁺/CD45^high) in LSCs from EAE model mice, consistent with the decreased mRNA expression levels of the main proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, COX-2, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES). NSs blocked the migration of Th17 cells (CD4⁺/IL17A⁺) and mRNA expression levels of IL-17A (product of Th17 cells) in LSCs from EAE mice. NSs suppressed alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, such as astrocytes and cell adhesion molecules, associated with inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in LSCs of EAE mice and lipopolysaccharide-induced bEND.3 cells.

Conclusions

NSs could attenuate movement dysfunctions and related pathological/inflammatory changes by reducing BBB permeability through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway inhibition in LSCs of EAE model mice. These are the first results suggesting that NSs can be potential therapeutic agents for MS by reducing BBB permeability.

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引用次数: 0

Korean Red Ginseng-induced astrocytic HIF-1α: A key regulator of neuroglobin derived from neural stem cell differentiation in physiologic retina and brain

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.008

Sunhong Moon , Jinseo Park , Sueun Kim , Minsu Kim , Hui Su Jeon , Hyungsu Kim , Young-Myeong Kim , Ji-Yoon Kim , Yoon Kyung Choi

Background

Neuroglobin (Ngb) and growth-associated protein (GAP) 43 in neurons are associated with axonal regeneration. Korean Red Ginseng Extract (KRGE) enhances glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein activation in normoxic astrocytes. However, crosstalk between neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and astrocytic HIF-1α in the KRGE-treated normoxic brain and retina remains unclear. We investigated whether KRGE-treated astrocytic HIF-1α can enhance NSC differentiation and increase the mature neurons expressing Ngb and GAP43.

Methods

Mature neuronal markers such as neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were tested with Ngb in the mouse brain or retinal tissues post-KRGE administration. Direct KRGE treatment of NSCs or astrocytes was evaluated for Ngb levels. The KRGE-treated astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) were transferred to NSCs and HIF-1α levels were reduced using small interfering RNA transfection (si-HIF-1α) in astrocytes. si-HIF-1α-ACM with KRGE was tested for NSC differentiation.

Results

KRGE-administered mice showed significantly enhanced co-expression of Ngb with NeuN in the brain and MAP2 in the retina, along with the NSC marker Nestin, than water-administered mice. The KRGE treatment did not increase Ngb levels in NSCs, but stimulated astrocytes to secrete factors affecting NSCs’ differentiate into mature neurons and astrocytes. The KRGE-treated mouse retinas showed GFAP- and HIF-1α double-positive cells. Co-treatment with si-HIF-1α-transfected KRGE–ACM blocked KRGE–ACM-induced NSC differentiation into astrocytes or Ngb-expressing neurons.

Conclusion

KRGE stimulates astrocytic HIF-1α, which regulates NSC differentiation into mature neurons expressing Ngb, thereby promoting regeneration by enhancing NSC–astrocyte crosstalk in the physiological retina and brain.

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/lpr mice in a B cell-specific manner’ [J Ginseng Res Volume 48 (2024) 190–201/JGR-D-23-00097]

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.006

Ziyu Song , Meng Jin , Shenglong Wang , Yanzuo Wu , Qi Huang , Wangda Xu , Yongsheng Fan , Fengyuan Tian

引用次数: 0

A narrative review of Panax notoginseng: Unique saponins and their pharmacological activities

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.005

Wenbiao Li, Hailian Shi, Xiaojun Wu

Panax notoginseng (PN) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) whose medicinal parts are roots and rhizomes for the treatment of haemorrhage, blood-stasis, swelling and pain. It contains various compounds with saponins being the main active components for its therapeutic effects. A thorough analysis of the unique saponins present in aboveground and underground parts was performed by literature search and database screening. Compared with PN, other Panax genus like P. ginseng (PG), P. quinquefolium (PQ) and P. japonicus (PJ) have the similar chemical composition and pharmacologic effects but different applications based on the TCM theory. PG is renowned for its qi-tonifying properties, while PQ is known for its heat-clearing and fluid-nourishing effects. PJ can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough except for its stasis-dispelling and hemostatic properties like PN. PN, PG, and PQ feature damarane-type saponins, while PJ has a high content of oleic acid-type saponins. In this review, the saponins within the four species were classified and compared, and the unique saponins in PN were identified, such as notoginsenosides Ft1, B, Ab1-3, Fh1-9, etc., which may contribute to its special activities. And their pharmacological effects were also analyzed and summarized, suggesting that notoginsenoside Ft1 may be crucial for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of unique saponins in PN on blood health should be well-clarified. This review highlights the importance of unique saponins in PN for its overall efficacy and hopes to make further exploration of their potential applications.

{"title":"A narrative review of Panax notoginseng: Unique saponins and their pharmacological activities","authors":"Wenbiao Li, Hailian Shi, Xiaojun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Panax notoginseng</em> (PN) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) whose medicinal parts are roots and rhizomes for the treatment of haemorrhage, blood-stasis, swelling and pain. It contains various compounds with saponins being the main active components for its therapeutic effects. A thorough analysis of the unique saponins present in aboveground and underground parts was performed by literature search and database screening. Compared with PN, other Panax genus like <em>P. ginseng</em> (PG), <em>P. quinquefolium</em> (PQ) and <em>P. japonicus</em> (PJ) have the similar chemical composition and pharmacologic effects but different applications based on the TCM theory. PG is renowned for its qi-tonifying properties, while PQ is known for its heat-clearing and fluid-nourishing effects. PJ can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough except for its stasis-dispelling and hemostatic properties like PN. PN, PG, and PQ feature damarane-type saponins, while PJ has a high content of oleic acid-type saponins. In this review, the saponins within the four species were classified and compared, and the unique saponins in PN were identified, such as notoginsenosides Ft1, B, Ab1-3, Fh1-9, etc., which may contribute to its special activities. And their pharmacological effects were also analyzed and summarized, suggesting that notoginsenoside Ft1 may be crucial for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of unique saponins in PN on blood health should be well-clarified. This review highlights the importance of unique saponins in PN for its overall efficacy and hopes to make further exploration of their potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 118-133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiviral potential of ginseng: Targeting human pathogenic viruses with compounds derived from ginseng

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.004

Chen Huo , Jihye Baek , Ki Hyun Kim

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for effective antiviral therapies, as viral infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Natural compounds, especially those derived from plants, have been recognized for their therapeutic properties. Ginseng, in particular, has attracted considerable attention for its potential antiviral effects. This review examines the antiviral compounds from ginseng that act against various human pathogenic viruses. We systematically summarize the antiviral activities of ginseng compounds targeting a range of viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses A, B, and C (HAV, HBV, HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This review covers Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius, discussing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. The analysis incorporates literature from February 2002 through August 2024, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence on the antiviral properties of compounds derived from ginseng. This review aims to underscore the scientific basis for developing ginseng as an antiviral therapeutic agent or nutraceutical.

{"title":"Antiviral potential of ginseng: Targeting human pathogenic viruses with compounds derived from ginseng","authors":"Chen Huo , Jihye Baek , Ki Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for effective antiviral therapies, as viral infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Natural compounds, especially those derived from plants, have been recognized for their therapeutic properties. Ginseng, in particular, has attracted considerable attention for its potential antiviral effects. This review examines the antiviral compounds from ginseng that act against various human pathogenic viruses. We systematically summarize the antiviral activities of ginseng compounds targeting a range of viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses A, B, and C (HAV, HBV, HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This review covers <em>Panax ginseng</em>, <em>P. notoginseng</em>, and <em>P. quinquefolius</em>, discussing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. The analysis incorporates literature from February 2002 through August 2024, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence on the antiviral properties of compounds derived from ginseng. This review aims to underscore the scientific basis for developing ginseng as an antiviral therapeutic agent or nutraceutical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts antidepressant effect by regulating hepatic kynurenine metabolism through promoting the interaction between HNF4α and PGC1α

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.002

Keke Jia , Shuman Pan , Wenyuan Wu , Yiming Sun , Qingyu Zhang

Background

The neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 is indeed one of the current research hotspots. However, its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier results in low distribution within the brain. Thus, the mechanism through which ginsenoside Rg1 affects the central nervous system needs further examination.

Methods

The LC-MS/MS analysis was used to detect the Kyn level. The expression of kynurenine aminotransferase 2 (KAT2) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) were investigated by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. The interaction between the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) was explored by Co-IP assay. The HNF4α binding sites in the KAT2 and KMO genes were analyzed by ChIP. In addition, we specifically knocked down HNF4α in the liver of mice by injecting adeno-associated virus into the tail vein.

Results

Ginsenoside Rg1 upregulated the expression of KAT2 and KMO, thereby increasing the metabolism of Kyn in the liver. Further exploring its mechanism, we discovered that ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expression of KAT2 and KMO by promoting the interaction between the transcription factor HNF4α and PGC1α. Hepatic HNF4α knockdown abolished the antidepressant effects induced by ginsenoside Rg1.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a novel mechanism in which ginsenoside Rg1 upregulates KAT2 and KMO through the HNF4α/PGC1α pathway, reducing hepatic Kyn levels and subsequently alleviating depression.

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts antidepressant effect by regulating hepatic kynurenine metabolism through promoting the interaction between HNF4α and PGC1α","authors":"Keke Jia , Shuman Pan , Wenyuan Wu , Yiming Sun , Qingyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 is indeed one of the current research hotspots. However, its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier results in low distribution within the brain. Thus, the mechanism through which ginsenoside Rg1 affects the central nervous system needs further examination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The LC-MS/MS analysis was used to detect the Kyn level. The expression of kynurenine aminotransferase 2 (KAT2) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) were investigated by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. The interaction between the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) was explored by Co-IP assay. The HNF4α binding sites in the KAT2 and KMO genes were analyzed by ChIP. In addition, we specifically knocked down HNF4α in the liver of mice by injecting adeno-associated virus into the tail vein.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg1 upregulated the expression of KAT2 and KMO, thereby increasing the metabolism of Kyn in the liver. Further exploring its mechanism, we discovered that ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expression of KAT2 and KMO by promoting the interaction between the transcription factor HNF4α and PGC1α. Hepatic HNF4α knockdown abolished the antidepressant effects induced by ginsenoside Rg1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings reveal a novel mechanism in which ginsenoside Rg1 upregulates KAT2 and KMO through the HNF4α/PGC1α pathway, reducing hepatic Kyn levels and subsequently alleviating depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rare ginsenosides transformed from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng reverse obesity by promoting browning of white fat through PKA/CREB pathway via REGγ negative regulation

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.005

Jianbo Chen, Jiyue Sha, Xiaohui Huo, Zhiman Li, Di Qu, Xueqing Li, Meijia Li

Background

White adipose tissue (WAT) browning can promote thermogenesis and could be a promising target for treating obesity. Rare ginsenosides transformed from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (T-GSSL) exhibit numerous biological activities. However, its potential anti-obesity effects and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown.

Methods

Five amino acids were selected as the catalysts for the transformation of ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides. An obese mouse model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. The effects of T-GSSL on obese mice were assessed by measuring body weight, fat mass, energy expenditure (EE), and glucose tolerance. The 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into mature adipocytes and incubated with T-GSSL. Immunohistochemistry, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), western blotting (WB), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and other methods were used to investigate the targets and mechanisms of action of T-GSSL.

Results

Ginsenosides in GSSL were hydrolyzed using glutamic acid as a catalyst and 12 rare ginsenosides were produced, with a total conversion rate of 95 %. T-GSSL ameliorated metabolic disorders, lipid ectopic deposition, and obesity, and maintained glucose homeostasis in obese mice. T-GSSL treatment promoted adipose browning and enhanced EE in both HFD mice and 3T3-L1 cells. These effects were decreased in cells treated with a protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist or subjected to PKAcα knockdown, whereas they were increased in REGγ^−/− mice. The inhibition of REGγ alongside the activation of the PKA/CREB pathway elucidates the mechanism through which T-GSSL reverses obesity by promoting the browning of adipose tissue.

Conclusions

T-GSSL attenuates diet-induced obesity by promoting adipose browning through the inhibition of REGγ and subsequent activation of the PKA/CREB pathway.

{"title":"Rare ginsenosides transformed from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng reverse obesity by promoting browning of white fat through PKA/CREB pathway via REGγ negative regulation","authors":"Jianbo Chen, Jiyue Sha, Xiaohui Huo, Zhiman Li, Di Qu, Xueqing Li, Meijia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>White adipose tissue (WAT) browning can promote thermogenesis and could be a promising target for treating obesity. Rare ginsenosides transformed from stems and leaves of <em>Panax ginseng</em> (T-GSSL) exhibit numerous biological activities. However, its potential anti-obesity effects and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five amino acids were selected as the catalysts for the transformation of ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides. An obese mouse model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. The effects of T-GSSL on obese mice were assessed by measuring body weight, fat mass, energy expenditure (EE), and glucose tolerance. The 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into mature adipocytes and incubated with T-GSSL. Immunohistochemistry, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), western blotting (WB), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and other methods were used to investigate the targets and mechanisms of action of T-GSSL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ginsenosides in GSSL were hydrolyzed using glutamic acid as a catalyst and 12 rare ginsenosides were produced, with a total conversion rate of 95 %. T-GSSL ameliorated metabolic disorders, lipid ectopic deposition, and obesity, and maintained glucose homeostasis in obese mice. T-GSSL treatment promoted adipose browning and enhanced EE in both HFD mice and 3T3-L1 cells. These effects were decreased in cells treated with a protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist or subjected to <em>PKAcα</em> knockdown, whereas they were increased in REGγ<sup>−/−</sup> mice. The inhibition of REGγ alongside the activation of the PKA/CREB pathway elucidates the mechanism through which T-GSSL reverses obesity by promoting the browning of adipose tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>T-GSSL attenuates diet-induced obesity by promoting adipose browning through the inhibition of REGγ and subsequent activation of the PKA/CREB pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0