Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献_第7页

Changing landscape of pediatric influenza in Northern Mexico: A comparative clinical and virological study 墨西哥北部儿童流感的变化：一项比较临床和病毒学研究

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103115

Luis Carlos Hinojos-Gallardo , Andrea Jaqueline Gamboa Rodriguez , Alejandra Fierro-Torres , Eduardo Chaparro-Barrera , Enrique Guevara-Macías , Mario Soto-Ramos , César Pacheco-Tena , Susana Aideé González-Chávez

Background

Influenza remains a significant health burden in children, yet its clinical behavior and viral dynamics have shifted in recent years. These changes are particularly relevant in regions where multiple respiratory viruses co-circulate and surveillance resources are limited.

Objective

To examine how the clinical and virological profile of pediatric influenza has evolved in northern Mexico, by comparing two well-defined seasonal periods, and to contextualize these findings within national surveillance trends.

Methods

An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a pediatric referral hospital, including children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during two influenza seasons (2018–2019 and 2023–2024). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and RT-qPCR results were analyzed, and national surveillance reports were reviewed to identify parallel trends.

Results

A total of 274 patients were included (137 per period). Compared to the 2018–2019 cohort, the 2023–2024 cohort demonstrated a significant reduction in influenza positivity (16.8 % vs. 5.1 %, p < 0.001) and no influenza-related deaths; however, hospitalizations were more prolonged, and inflammatory markers were higher. At the national level, ILI/SARI reports increased (from 62,729 to 180,532), and confirmed influenza cases rose (from 7632 to 13,679), while positivity (from 12.2 % to 7.6 %) and mortality (from 828 to 456) declined.

Conclusions

In this pediatric hospital cohort, post-pandemic seasons showed fewer influenza cases and deaths but greater clinical severity, suggesting altered host responses after reduced viral exposure. National trends indicated broader detection of respiratory cases alongside lower influenza positivity, consistent with strengthened surveillance and evolving viral circulation in Mexico.

流感仍然是儿童的一个重要健康负担，但其临床行为和病毒动力学近年来发生了变化。这些变化在多种呼吸道病毒共同传播和监测资源有限的地区尤为重要。目的通过比较两个明确的季节，研究墨西哥北部儿童流感的临床和病毒学特征是如何演变的，并将这些发现与国家监测趋势联系起来。方法在某儿科转诊医院进行一项观察性横断面研究，研究对象包括2018-2019年和2023-2024年两个流感季节因急性呼吸道感染住院的儿童。分析了临床特征、实验室结果和RT-qPCR结果，并审查了国家监测报告，以确定相似的趋势。结果共纳入274例患者（每期137例）。与2018-2019年队列相比，2023-2024年队列显示流感阳性显著降低（16.8 % vs. 5.1 %,p <； 0.001），无流感相关死亡；然而，住院时间更长，炎症指标更高。在国家一级，流感病毒感染/急性呼吸道感染报告增加（从62729例增加到180532例），确诊流感病例增加（从7632例增加到13679例），而阳性（从12.2 %增加到7.6 %）和死亡率（从828例减少到456例）下降。结论：在这个儿科医院队列中，流感大流行后季节流感病例和死亡人数减少，但临床严重程度更高，表明病毒暴露减少后宿主反应发生了改变。全国趋势表明，呼吸道病例的发现范围更广，流感阳性率也较低，这与墨西哥加强监测和病毒传播的演变相一致。

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引用次数: 0

What makes contact tracing successful? An empirical analysis of COVID-19 data from 38 OECD countries 是什么让接触者追踪成功？对38个经合组织国家COVID-19数据的实证分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103112

BongGyun Kim , Okyu Kwon , Jae-Suk Yang

Background

Despite widespread adoption of contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic, countries exhibited marked differences in tracing performance. Existing studies have documented policy variation but lack standardized, comparable outcome indicators of tracing effectiveness. Recent reviews emphasize the need for quantitative, cross-national, outcome-based measures and broader frameworks that account for contextual factors such as governance, education, and culture. To address this gap, this study aims to validate the time lag (τ) between peaks in confirmed cases and testing as a proxy for tracing responsiveness and examines how government policies, socioeconomic conditions, and cultural dimensions jointly shape τ across OECD countries.

Methods

Panel data for 38 OECD countries (Jan 2020–Jun 2022) were analyzed. τ was computed through rolling cross-correlation between daily cases and tests. We estimated fixed-effects and pooled OLS models to identify policy and contextual effects and ran mixed-effects models as a robustness extension. Additional robustness tests included two-way fixed effects, exclusion of high-incidence periods, and winsorization of τ, alongside variance-inflation and residual diagnostics, to ensure results were not driven by outliers or specification bias.

Results

Stricter containment and stronger tracing policies were associated with longer τ, while broader testing and higher epidemic severity shortened it. Among contextual variables, higher education lengthened τ, whereas greater urbanization reduced it. Cultural dimensions showed smaller, less stable effects. Despite modest explanatory power (R² ≈ 0.08–0.11), results were consistent across alternative specifications and model types.

Conclusion

The case–test peak lag (τ) provides a practical, comparable metric of tracing performance across countries. However, our findings suggest that its utility as an indicator of tracing responsiveness is context-dependent and should be interpreted with caution. Effective tracing depends on coherent policy coordination supported by socioeconomic and institutional environments that foster technological participation and compliance. Limitations include τ’s indirect nature and remaining unobserved heterogeneity.

尽管在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间广泛采用了接触者追踪措施，但各国在追踪绩效方面表现出明显差异。现有的研究记录了政策变化，但缺乏追踪有效性的标准化、可比较的结果指标。最近的审查强调需要定量的、跨国的、基于结果的措施和更广泛的框架，以考虑治理、教育和文化等背景因素。为了解决这一差距，本研究旨在验证确诊病例和检测峰值之间的时间滞后（τ），作为追踪响应性的代理，并研究政府政策、社会经济条件和文化维度如何共同影响经合组织国家的τ。方法分析38个经合组织国家（2020年1月- 2022年6月）的面板数据。τ是通过日常病例和试验之间的滚动互相关来计算的。我们估计了固定效应和汇总OLS模型，以确定政策和环境效应，并运行混合效应模型作为鲁棒性扩展。额外的稳健性检验包括双向固定效应、排除高发期、τ的winsorization，以及方差膨胀和剩余诊断，以确保结果不受异常值或规格偏差的影响。结果更严格的控制和更强的追踪政策与更长的τ相关，而更广泛的检测和更高的流行严重程度缩短了τ。在相关变量中，高等教育延长了τ，而更大的城市化则缩短了τ。文化维度的影响较小，稳定性较差。尽管解释能力有限（R²≈0.08-0.11），但不同规格和模型类型的结果是一致的。病例检验峰值滞后（τ）提供了一种实用的、可比较的各国追踪绩效指标。然而，我们的研究结果表明，它作为跟踪响应性指标的效用依赖于上下文，应该谨慎解释。有效的追踪依赖于连贯的政策协调，并得到社会经济和体制环境的支持，从而促进技术参与和遵守。限制包括τ的间接性质和未观察到的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Consensus-based expert recommendations on the management of heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV in the Middle East 关于中东地区接受过大量治疗的艾滋病毒感染者管理的基于共识的专家建议。

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103110

Ali S. Omrani , Abdullah Almohaizeie , Ahmed Al Hammadi , Ghassan Wali , Jameela Al Salman , Masautso Chaponda , Osama Albaksami

Background

Heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) people with HIV face significant clinical challenges due to multidrug resistance, prior treatment failures, and limited effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) options. In the Middle East, these challenges are compounded by insufficient surveillance systems, limited regional guidance, and stigma-related barriers to care. The objective of this study was to develop consensus-based, evidence-informed statements for the management of HTE people with HIV in the Middle East through expert collaboration and a literature review.

Methods

An expert panel of infectious disease specialists from across the Middle East conducted a literature review and applied the Delphi methodology to reach consensus on key recommendations. Statements were developed, refined, and voted on anonymously, with consensus defined as ≥ 80 % agreement.

Results

A consensus was reached on eight core statements, including: defining HTE, enhanced monitoring protocols, timely adherence and resistance assessments, individualized ART construction, multidisciplinary care integration, non-pharmacological support strategies, establishment of HIV registries, and development of formal HTE HIV management guidelines with ongoing clinician training.

Conclusions

These consensus statements provide a foundational framework to improve the management of HTE HIV in the Middle East. Implementation of these regionally tailored strategies may enhance clinical outcomes, address key unmet needs, and strengthen HIV care infrastructure across the region.

背景：由于多药耐药、先前治疗失败和有限的有效抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）选择，大量治疗经验（HTE）的艾滋病毒感染者面临着重大的临床挑战。在中东，监测系统不足、区域指导有限以及与歧视有关的护理障碍使这些挑战更加严峻。本研究的目的是通过专家合作和文献综述，为中东地区艾滋病毒感染者的管理制定基于共识、循证的声明。方法：一个由中东传染病专家组成的专家小组进行了文献综述，并应用德尔菲方法就关键建议达成共识。声明的制定、完善和匿名投票，共识定义为≥ 80 %的一致性。结果：在8项核心声明上达成共识，包括：定义HTE、加强监测方案、及时的依从性和耐药性评估、个体化抗逆转录病毒治疗的构建、多学科护理整合、非药物支持策略、建立艾滋病毒登记、制定正式的HTE艾滋病毒管理指南并持续对临床医生进行培训。结论：这些共识声明为改善中东地区艾滋病毒感染管理提供了基础框架。实施这些区域量身定制的战略可以提高临床结果，解决关键的未满足需求，并加强整个区域的艾滋病毒护理基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Global burden, inequalities and projections of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, 1990–2050: A systematic global analysis 全球负担，不平等和预测万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌，1990-2050：一个系统的全球分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103111

Yu Qiu, Hongmei Wang, Kunli Yin, Wenxiang Huang

Background

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) and Enterococcus faecalis (VREfs) are major antimicrobial resistance threats. Previous assessments rarely distinguished species, limiting understanding of their epidemiology and control. To address this gap, we analysed trends from 1990 to 2021 and projected the burden through 2050 in order to assess the global burden, inequalities, and future patterns of VREfm and VREfs.

Methods

We analysed deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from Measuring Infectious Causes and Resistance Outcomes for Burden Estimation (MICROBE) across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Associations with the socio-demographic index (SDI), health inequalities, and decomposition of burden changes were examined. Future trends to 2050 were projected using a Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) model.

Results

In 2021, 11,021 deaths and 353,634 DALYs were attributable to VREfm worldwide, compared with 2991 deaths and 82,025 DALYs attributable to VREfs. Since 1990, VREfm has increased mainly in higher-SDI regions, whereas VREfs has decreased in lower-SDI settings. Based on the BAPC model, VREfm burden is projected to continue rising across all indicators by 2050, while VREfs shows a sustained decline.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates divergent species-specific trends, with an increasing burden of VREfm and a decline in VREfs. VREfm is concentrated in middle- to high-SDI regions, while VREfs is in lower-SDI regions. For both species, burden peaks in young children and older adults. These divergent patterns necessitate tailored strategies that prioritise young children and older adults, with a focus on hospital infection control and antimicrobial stewardship for VREfm in higher-SDI regions, and on community prevention and One Health approaches for VREfs in lower-SDI regions.

耐万古霉素屎肠球菌（VREfm）和粪肠球菌（VREfs）是主要的抗菌素耐药性威胁。以前的评估很少区分物种，限制了对其流行病学和控制的理解。为了解决这一差距，我们分析了1990年至2021年的趋势，并预测了到2050年的负担，以评估VREfm和VREfs的全球负担、不平等和未来模式。方法：我们分析了1990年至2021年204个国家的死亡和残疾调整生命年（DALYs），测量感染原因和耐药性结果用于负担估计（微生物）。使用估计的年百分比变化（EAPC）评估时间趋势。研究了与社会人口指数（SDI）、健康不平等和负担变化分解的关系。使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）模型预测了到2050年的未来趋势。结果2021年，全球有11,021例死亡和353,634例DALYs可归因于VREfm，而VREfs可归因于2991例死亡和82,025例DALYs。自1990年以来，VREfm主要在高sdi地区增加，而在低sdi地区VREfs下降。根据BAPC模型，预计到2050年，所有指标的vref负担将继续上升，而vref负担将持续下降。结论该研究显示出不同的物种特异性趋势，即VREfm负担增加和VREfs减少。VREfm主要分布在中高sdi区域，而VREfs主要分布在低sdi区域。对于这两种物种，幼儿和老年人的负担最高。这些不同的模式需要有针对性的战略，优先考虑幼儿和老年人，重点放在医院感染控制和抗微生物药物管理上，在高sdi地区进行VREfm，在低sdi地区进行社区预防和“一个健康”方法。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond COVID-19 in people with HIV: Specific miRNA expression profile persist after SARS-CoV-2 clearance 在HIV感染者中超越COVID-19：特异性miRNA表达谱在SARS-CoV-2清除后持续存在

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103108

Sergio Grande-García , Manuel Llamas-Adán , Celia Crespo-Bermejo , Violeta Lara-Aguilar , Sonia Arca-Lafuente , Luz Martín-Carbonero , Pablo Ryan , Ignacio de los Santos , María de Lagarde , Rafael Mican-Rivera , Santiago Moreno , Salvador Resino , Juan Berenguer , Verónica Briz , Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez , on behalf of the Multidisciplinary HIV/Hepatitis Viral Coinfection Group (COVIHEP) and of the CoRIS cohort

Background

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on epigenetic regulation in people with HIV (PWHIV) is not well understood. MicroRNAs, key post-transcriptional regulators, may serve as biomarkers of disease. This study aimed to identify plasma miRNAs reflecting epigenetic changes in PWHIV after SARS-CoV-2 resolution.

Methods

We sequenced plasma smallRNA from 20 PWHIV at a median of 10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 18 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected and unvaccinated PWHIV. MirDeep2 was used for miRNA identification, and significant differential expression (SDE) and classification performance were calculated using GLMs and PLS-DA. Correlations were performed using spearman test. Target enrichment was analyzed using miRTarbase, RNAInter, and KEGG databases, and tissue expression was analysed using the IMOTA database.

Results

Thirty-five microRNAs were SDE between groups. Hsa-mir-181a-2–3p was correlated to time elapsed since SARS-CoV-2 infection and sampling. Functional enrichment analysis predicted 410 target genes, which in turn overrepresented 52 cellular pathways, mainly related to neurodegeneration, major signaling cascades, and oncologic and cardiovascular diseases. The most significant pathways were Huntington's disease and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, while those with the highest number of targeted genes were Pathways of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. The hsa-miR-374b-5p showed excellent predictive ability in classifying the SARS-CoV-2 infection status in more than 93 % of all instances.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 infection in PWHIV leaves an epigenetic signature of 35 SDE microRNAs, with hsa-miR-374b-5p as a strong post-infection marker. These microRNAs regulate genes mainly involved in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and oncologic processes, potentially underlying post-COVID symptomatology.

SARS-CoV-2对HIV感染者（PWHIV）表观遗传调控的影响尚不清楚。microrna是关键的转录后调控因子，可作为疾病的生物标志物。本研究旨在鉴定反映SARS-CoV-2溶解后PWHIV表观遗传变化的血浆mirna。方法对20例感染SARS-CoV-2后中位时间为10周的PWHIV和18例未感染SARS-CoV-2且未接种疫苗的PWHIV的血浆小rna进行测序。MirDeep2用于miRNA鉴定，GLMs和PLS-DA计算显著差异表达（SDE）和分类性能。相关性采用spearman检验。使用miRTarbase、RNAInter和KEGG数据库分析目标富集，使用IMOTA数据库分析组织表达。结果组间有35个microrna发生SDE。Hsa-mir-181a-2-3p与SARS-CoV-2感染和采样后的时间相关。功能富集分析预测了410个靶基因，这反过来又代表了52个细胞通路，主要与神经变性、主要信号级联、肿瘤和心血管疾病有关。最显著的通路是亨廷顿病和PI3K-Akt信号通路，而靶向基因数量最多的是神经变性和阿尔茨海默病通路。hsa-miR-374b-5p在超过93% %的病例中对SARS-CoV-2感染状态进行分类显示出出色的预测能力。结论sars - cov -2感染在PWHIV中留下了35个SDE microrna的表观遗传特征，其中hsa-miR-374b-5p是一个很强的感染后标记。这些微小rna调节主要参与神经退行性、心血管和肿瘤过程的基因，可能是covid后症状的基础。

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引用次数: 0

West Nile Virus infection in the province of Seville. An emergent infection in Spain 塞维利亚省发生西尼罗河病毒感染。西班牙出现了一种突发传染病

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103072

Ana Caro-Leiro , Pedro María Martínez Pérez-Crespo , Manuela Aguilar-Guisado , Cristina Roca Oporto , Carmen Lozano Domínguez , Laura Merino Diaz , Reinaldo Espíndola Gómez , Elena Rubio Martín , Antonio Cristóbal Luque-Ambrosiani , Encarnación Ramírez de Arellano , Carmen Infante Domínguez , María Carmen Macías-Barrera , José Antonio Lepe , Nicolás Merchante Gutiérrez , José Miguel Cisneros

Introduction

West Nile Virus (WNV) is becoming a severe problem in Europe. In 2020 and 2024, two unexpected and large outbreaks occurred in southern Spain, with a high rate of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND).

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe clinical and prognostic features of WNV infection.

Materials and methods

Retrospective multicentric cohort study of patients diagnosed with WNV infection in Seville (Spain) between 2020 and 2024.

Results

196 patients, 58.2 % of males, were diagnosed with WNV disease with a median age of 70 (49−78) for WNND and 46 (33−65) for West Nile Fever (WNF). One hundred eight patients (55.1 %) had associated comorbidity, including 22 (11.2 %) immunocompromised patients. 138 (70.4 %) patients required hospital admission with WNND (136, 69.4 %) as the main clinical syndrome, and 33 (16.8 %) were admitted to the ICU. Twenty-five patients (12.7 %) died during their admission; all of these patients had WNND. Twenty-one of the deaths (84 %) were directly related to meningoencephalitis. One hundred (58.5 %) of the survivors had sequelae at discharge.

Conclusion

In Spain, the first two large and unexpected outbreaks of WNV infection occurred in 2020 and 2024, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

西尼罗病毒（WNV）正在成为欧洲的一个严重问题。2020年和2024年，西班牙南部发生了两次意外的大规模疫情，西尼罗河神经侵袭性疾病（WNND）的发病率很高。目的探讨西尼罗河病毒感染的临床和预后特点。材料和方法对2020年至2024年西班牙塞维利亚确诊为西尼罗河病毒感染的患者进行回顾性多中心队列研究。结果196例患者（58.2% %）确诊为西尼罗河病毒病，西尼罗热（WNF）中位年龄为49 ~ 78岁，西尼罗热（WNF）中位年龄为46岁（33 ~ 65岁）。108例患者（55.1% %）有相关合并症，包括22例（11.2% %）免疫功能低下患者。138例（70.4 %）患者以WNND为主要临床综合征（136例，69.4% %）入院，33例（16.8 %）患者入住ICU。入院期间死亡25例（12.7 %）；所有这些患者都有WNND。死亡病例中有21例（84 %）与脑膜脑炎直接相关。100例（58.5% %）患者出院时有后遗症。结论西班牙在2020年和2024年发生了两次意外的西尼罗河病毒感染大暴发，发病率和死亡率均较高。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of monovalent vaccines in preventing death and severe disease among Omicron-infected and hospitalized patients in China 单价疫苗预防中国欧米克隆感染和住院患者死亡和重症的有效性

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103109

Ming-Jin Liu , Wei Zhang , Chun-Xi Shan , Yao Tian , Qiang Xu , Mi Mu , Peng-Tao Bao , Yang Yang , Li-Qun Fang

Background

The lifting of the zero-COVID policy in China in December of 2022 triggered a national surge of Omicron variants BA.5/BF.7 of SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of monovalent inactivated vaccines received by the majority of the Chinese population in reducing mortality and severe clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed BA.5/BF.7 infections remains unclear.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted electronic health record (EHR) data on baseline characteristics, vaccination history, and clinical outcome of in-patients in three Chinese hospitals whose infections with SARS-CoV-2 were laboratory-confirmed and admitted during 25 November 2022 − 27 January 2023. Logistic regression was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against death and severe disease (mechanical ventilator, intensive care unit or death), adjusting for potential confounders such as age group and chronic conditions.

Results

Among the 862 patients with vaccination information, 360 (41.8 %) received at least one dose of COVID vaccine and only 214 (24.8 %) received ≥ 3 doses. The VE of ≥ 3 doses was estimated to be 74 % (95 % CI: 43 %, 88 %) against death and 65 % (95 % CI: 45 %, 78 %) against severe disease, in reference to unvaccinated. The two most widely used vaccines in China, Sinopharm and Sinovac, showed comparable effectiveness against death for ≥ 3 doses, 80 % (95 % CI: 9 %, 96 %) vs. 66 % (95 % CI: 18 %, 86 %), respectively.

Conclusions

While being replaced by more effective bivalent vaccines, monovalent inactivated vaccines can be a valuable option for preventing death and severe disease in resource-limited settings.

中国于2022年12月取消零冠政策，引发了BA.5/BF型欧米克隆病毒的全国性激增。SARS-CoV-2的7个。大多数中国人接种单价灭活疫苗在降低实验室确诊BA.5/BF住院患者死亡率和严重临床结局方面的有效性感染情况尚不清楚。方法在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们提取了2022年11月25日 至2023年1月27日期间中国三家医院实验室确诊并入院的SARS-CoV-2感染患者的基线特征、疫苗接种史和临床结局的电子健康记录（EHR）数据。使用Logistic回归来估计疫苗对死亡和重症（机械呼吸机、重症监护病房或死亡）的有效性（VE），并对年龄和慢性病等潜在混杂因素进行调整。结果在862例有疫苗接种信息的患者中，360例（41.8 %）接种了至少1剂COVID - 19疫苗，214例（24.8 %）接种了≥ 3剂。的VE≥ 3剂量估计74 %(95 % CI: 43 %,88 %)对死亡和65 %(95 % CI: 45 %,78 %)对严重疾病,在未接种疫苗。在中国两个最广泛使用的疫苗,国药控股北京科兴,显示类似的有效性对死亡≥ 3剂量,80 %(95 % CI: 9 %,96 %)和66 %(95 % CI: 18 %,86 %),分别。结论虽然单价灭活疫苗可以被更有效的二价疫苗所取代，但在资源有限的情况下，单价灭活疫苗可以成为预防死亡和严重疾病的一种有价值的选择。

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引用次数: 0

A decade of respiratory virus surveillance in the Republic of Korea: Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on virus circulation patterns 大韩民国呼吸道病毒监测十年：COVID-19大流行对病毒传播模式的影响

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103093

Jee Eun Rhee , Nam-Joo Lee , Jaehee Lee , SangHee Woo , Seonmi Jin , Gab Jung Kim , Eun-Jin Kim

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have significantly altered the circulation of respiratory viruses worldwide. This study aimed to describe the temporal and epidemiological changes in the circulation of major respiratory viruses in the Republic of Korea.

Methods

Data were collected from the Korea Respiratory viruses Integrated Surveillance System (K-RISS) over ten consecutive respiratory seasons (2015–2016–2024–2025). Respiratory specimens (n = 119,657) were obtained from 106 sentinel network clinics. Real-time PCR was used to detect eight viruses: influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV), adenovirus (AdV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and human rhinovirus (HRV). Detection patterns were compared across pre-pandemic (2015–early 2020), pandemic (2020–2023), and post-pandemic (late 2023–mid 2025) periods.

Results

During the NPI periods, enveloped viruses (IFV, RSV, PIV, HCoV, and HMPV) nearly disappeared, but resurged with atypical seasonality in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. RSV and PIV reemerged earlier and at higher detection levels, particularly among children aged 0–6 years. In contrast, non-enveloped viruses (HBoV, HRV, and AdV) remained detectable throughout the pandemic. Overall, viral detection dropped to 44.8 % in the 2020–2021 season but recovered to 57.5 % in 2022–2023. By 2024–2025, most viruses had returned to their pre-pandemic seasonal patterns.

Conclusion

COVID-19-related NPIs caused profound, virus-specific shifts in respiratory virus circulation. Surveillance through the K-RISS allowed for early detection of re-emergent viruses and guided public health responses. Continuous, multipathogen monitoring is essential for preparing against future disruptions driven by pandemics or environmental changes.

背景：COVID-19大流行和相关的非药物干预措施（npi）显著改变了全球呼吸道病毒的传播。本研究旨在描述大韩民国主要呼吸道病毒传播的时间和流行病学变化。方法：从韩国呼吸道病毒综合监测系统（K-RISS）连续10个呼吸季节（2015-2016-2024-2025）收集数据。呼吸道标本（n = 119,657）来自106个哨点网络诊所。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测流感病毒（IFV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、副流感病毒（PIV）、人偏肺病毒（HMPV）、人冠状病毒（HCoV）、腺病毒（AdV）、人博卡病毒（HBoV）和人鼻病毒（HRV） 8种病毒。比较了大流行前（2015- 2020年初）、大流行期（2020-2023年）和大流行后（2023年底- 2025年中期）的检测模式。结果：在NPI期间，包膜病毒（IFV、RSV、PIV、HCoV和HMPV）基本消失，但在2021-2022年和2022-2023年出现非典型季节性复苏。RSV和PIV复发较早，检出率较高，特别是在0-6岁儿童中。相反，非包膜病毒（HBoV、HRV和AdV）在整个大流行期间仍可检测到。总体而言，病毒检出率在2020-2021赛季下降到44.8% %，但在2022-2023赛季恢复到57.5% %。到2024-2025年，大多数病毒已恢复到大流行前的季节性模式。结论：与covid -19相关的npi在呼吸道病毒循环中引起了深刻的病毒特异性变化。通过K-RISS进行的监测有助于及早发现再次出现的病毒，并指导公共卫生反应。持续的多病原体监测对于防范流行病或环境变化造成的未来破坏至关重要。

{"title":"A decade of respiratory virus surveillance in the Republic of Korea: Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on virus circulation patterns","authors":"Jee Eun Rhee , Nam-Joo Lee , Jaehee Lee , SangHee Woo , Seonmi Jin , Gab Jung Kim , Eun-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have significantly altered the circulation of respiratory viruses worldwide. This study aimed to describe the temporal and epidemiological changes in the circulation of major respiratory viruses in the Republic of Korea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from the Korea Respiratory viruses Integrated Surveillance System (K-RISS) over ten consecutive respiratory seasons (2015–2016–2024–2025). Respiratory specimens (n = 119,657) were obtained from 106 sentinel network clinics. Real-time PCR was used to detect eight viruses: influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV), adenovirus (AdV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and human rhinovirus (HRV). Detection patterns were compared across pre-pandemic (2015–early 2020), pandemic (2020–2023), and post-pandemic (late 2023–mid 2025) periods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the NPI periods, enveloped viruses (IFV, RSV, PIV, HCoV, and HMPV) nearly disappeared, but resurged with atypical seasonality in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. RSV and PIV reemerged earlier and at higher detection levels, particularly among children aged 0–6 years. In contrast, non-enveloped viruses (HBoV, HRV, and AdV) remained detectable throughout the pandemic. Overall, viral detection dropped to 44.8 % in the 2020–2021 season but recovered to 57.5 % in 2022–2023. By 2024–2025, most viruses had returned to their pre-pandemic seasonal patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>COVID-19-related NPIs caused profound, virus-specific shifts in respiratory virus circulation. Surveillance through the K-RISS allowed for early detection of re-emergent viruses and guided public health responses. Continuous, multipathogen monitoring is essential for preparing against future disruptions driven by pandemics or environmental changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How does hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae influence the risk and visual outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis in Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess? A systematic review and meta analysis 高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌如何影响肺炎克雷伯菌化脓性肝脓肿并发内源性眼内炎的风险和视力结果？系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103090

Kai-Yang Chen , Hoi-Chun Chan , Chi-Ming Chan

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess (KP-PLA) is increasingly recognized as a cause of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE), particularly in East and Southeast Asia. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) strains have been implicated in severe ocular complications, yet comprehensive data on incidence, risk factors, and visual outcomes are limited.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct for studies reporting KP-PLA-associated EE up to March 2025. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, microbiological features, treatments, and visual outcomes were extracted. Pooled event rates and odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results

Seventeen studies encompassing 219 patients met inclusion criteria. Diabetes mellitus was common among KP PLA associated EE cases (pooled event rate 0.674; 95 % CI: 0.585–0.751; p < 0.001). hvKP strains, identified by positive string tests and virulence genes including rmpA, magA, and aerobactin, predominated in EE cases. Regional differences were observed, with higher prevalence in East and Southeast Asia. Despite aggressive systemic and ocular treatment, visual prognosis was poor: 77.9 % of patients had final visual acuity worse than 3/60. Early pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade was associated with fewer postoperative interventions (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

EE is a devastating complication of KP-PLA, particularly in diabetic patients infected with hvKP. Early recognition of at-risk patients and prompt intervention, including early vitrectomy, are crucial to improve visual outcomes. These findings highlight the clinical importance of hvKP in the pathogenesis of EE and reinforce the need for vigilant ophthalmic monitoring in KP-PLA cases.

背景肺炎克雷伯菌化脓性肝脓肿（KP-PLA）越来越被认为是内源性眼内炎（EE）的原因，特别是在东亚和东南亚。高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌（hvKP）菌株与严重的眼部并发症有关，但有关发病率、危险因素和视力结果的综合数据有限。方法按照PRISMA指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析。我们检索了PubMed， b谷歌Scholar， Cochrane Library, Science Direct，检索了截至2025年3月报告与kp - pla相关的EE的研究。提取了患者人口统计学、合并症、微生物学特征、治疗和视觉结果的数据。使用随机效应模型计算95 %置信区间（CI）的合并事件发生率和优势比（OR）。结果17项研究219例患者符合纳入标准。糖尿病在KP - PLA相关EE病例中较为常见（合并事件率0.674;95 % CI: 0.585-0.751; p <； 0.001）。hvKP菌株，通过阳性串试验和毒力基因（包括rmpA、magA和有氧肌动蛋白）鉴定，在EE病例中占主导地位。观察到区域差异，东亚和东南亚的患病率较高。尽管进行了积极的全身和眼部治疗，但视力预后较差：77.9% %的患者最终视力低于3/60。早期玻璃体睫状体切除加硅油填塞与较少的术后干预相关（p <； 0.05）。结论see是KP-PLA的一种破坏性并发症，尤其是糖尿病患者感染hvKP时。早期识别高危患者并及时干预，包括早期玻璃体切除术，对改善视力至关重要。这些发现强调了hvKP在EE发病机制中的临床重要性，并加强了KP-PLA病例警惕眼科监测的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of colistin and polymyxin B minimal inhibitory concentrations in Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌对粘菌素和多粘菌素B最低抑菌浓度的比较分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103091

Yu-Shan Huang , Jann-Tay Wang , Yu-Chung Chuang , Wang-Huei Sheng , Shan-Chwen Chang

Background

Studies comparing colistin and polymyxin B minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), as well as their correlation and agreement, using non-commercial broth microdilution methods, remain limited. This study evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of two polymyxins against clinically important Gram-negative bacteria.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2022, 891 Enterobacterales, 100 Acinetobacter baumannii, and 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital were tested for MICs of colistin and polymyxin B using broth microdilution. MIC correlation, categorical agreement (CA), essential agreement (EA), and directional discrepancies were assessed.

Results

Non-resistant rates of colistin for Enterobacterales, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa were 90.2 %, 99 %, and 98 %, respectively; those of polymyxin B were 90.5 %, 99 %, and 100 %. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales had higher resistance to both agents (26 %). Colistin and polymyxin B showed identical MIC₅₀/MIC₉₀ values against Enterobacterales (0.25/2 mg/L) and A. baumannii (0.25/1 mg/L). Regarding P. aeruginosa, MIC₅₀/MIC₉₀ values were 1/1 mg/L and 0.5/1 mg/L, respectively. MICs were highly correlated (Spearman’s ρ=0.669, p < 0.001), with CA and EA ≥ 96 % across species. Using colistin to predict polymyxin B susceptibility yielded low very major error (VME) and major error (ME) rates. Conversely, elevated VMEs occurred when using polymyxin B to infer colistin susceptibility, particularly in A. baumannii (100 %) and P. aeruginosa (50 %), though these reflected very small numbers of colistin-resistant isolates (A. baumannii, n = 1; P. aeruginosa, n = 2).

Conclusions

Colistin and polymyxin B showed comparable in vitro activity and high MIC correlation. Colistin reliably predicted polymyxin B susceptibility, but caution is needed when inferring colistin susceptibility from polymyxin B results.

使用非商业肉汤微量稀释法比较粘菌素和多粘菌素B最低抑制浓度（mic），以及它们的相关性和一致性的研究仍然有限。本研究评估了两种多粘菌素对临床重要革兰氏阴性菌的体外敏感性。方法2018 - 2022年，对某三级医院临床分离的891株肠杆菌、100株鲍曼不动杆菌和100株铜绿假单胞菌进行肉汤微量稀释检测粘菌素和多粘菌素B的mic。评估MIC相关性、分类一致性（CA）、基本一致性（EA）和方向差异。结果肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的粘菌素非耐药率分别为90.2 %、99 %和98 %；多粘菌素B分别为90.5 %、99 %和100% %。耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌对两种药物均有较高的耐药性（26% %）。粘菌素和多粘菌素B对肠杆菌（0.25/2 mg/L）和鲍曼杆菌（0.25/1 mg/L）显示相同的MIC₅0 /MIC₉0值。对于铜绿假单胞菌，MIC₅₀/MIC₉₀值分别为1/1 mg/L和0.5/1 mg/L。mic高度相关（Spearman 's ρ=0.669, p <； 0.001），CA和EA在物种间≥ 96 %。使用粘菌素预测多粘菌素B的药敏率具有较低的非常严重错误（VME）和严重错误（ME）率。相反，当使用多粘菌素B推断粘菌素敏感性时，VMEs升高，特别是在鲍曼假单胞菌（100 %）和铜绿假单胞菌（50 %）中，尽管这些反映了非常少量的粘菌素耐药菌株（鲍曼假单胞菌，n = 1；铜绿假单胞菌，n = 2）。结论猪肝菌素与多粘菌素B具有相当的体外活性和较高的MIC相关性。粘菌素可靠地预测了多粘菌素B的敏感性，但从多粘菌素B的结果推断粘菌素敏感性时需要谨慎。

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引用次数: 0