V. Naraynsingh, D. Harnanan, R. Maharaj, Roshni Naraynsingh
Trinidad and Tobago (T+T) is a small twin-island state in the Caribbean, eight miles off the coast of Venezuela. It has an area of approximately 5431 square kilometres and population of 1.4 million. At the present time, there are 116 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and eight deaths, with no new cases or deaths for the last 21 days (May 17, 2020). Its COVID-19 story is one of the prompts, with early control and great success. There has beenno such instance where the health services were stretched or unable to cope. Even before the first case was identified, the T+T Government restricted entry to travelers from China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and several European countries.The first case of COVID-19 identified in T+T was on March 12, 2020. The patient had returned from Switzerland. The next day, a second positive case was a person who had returned from USA.
{"title":"COVID-19 in the West Indies: Trinidad and Tobago Experience","authors":"V. Naraynsingh, D. Harnanan, R. Maharaj, Roshni Naraynsingh","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.347","url":null,"abstract":"Trinidad and Tobago (T+T) is a small twin-island state in the Caribbean, eight miles off the coast of Venezuela. It has an area of approximately 5431 square kilometres and population of 1.4 million. At the present time, there are 116 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and eight deaths, with no new cases or deaths for the last 21 days (May 17, 2020). Its COVID-19 story is one of the prompts, with early control and great success. There has beenno such instance where the health services were stretched or unable to cope. Even before the first case was identified, the T+T Government restricted entry to travelers from China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and several European countries.The first case of COVID-19 identified in T+T was on March 12, 2020. The patient had returned from Switzerland. The next day, a second positive case was a person who had returned from USA.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"126-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system, the nervous system is not spared either. SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from the brain, olfactory bulb and cerebrospinal fluid. During the SARS (SARS-CoV-1) outbreak in 2002 to 2003, neurons had been found to be highly susceptible for infection and the virus could cause extensive neuronal damage. Similar to SARS-CoV-1,SARS-CoV-2 exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor to gain entry and infect both glial and neuronal cells which express ACE-2 receptors.[1] SARS-CoV-2 affects the central as well as peripheral nervous system presenting with diverse manifestations like myelitis, cerebrovascular events (CVE) and encephalitis to mention a few.[2,3] Indepth understanding of neurotropic potential of this virus will be helpful to individualize the treatment protocol from a neurological perspective.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective","authors":"S. Bishokarma","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.334","url":null,"abstract":"Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system, the nervous system is not spared either. SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from the brain, olfactory bulb and cerebrospinal fluid. During the SARS (SARS-CoV-1) outbreak in 2002 to 2003, neurons had been found to be highly susceptible for infection and the virus could cause extensive neuronal damage. Similar to SARS-CoV-1,SARS-CoV-2 exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor to gain entry and infect both glial and neuronal cells which express ACE-2 receptors.[1] SARS-CoV-2 affects the central as well as peripheral nervous system presenting with diverse manifestations like myelitis, cerebrovascular events (CVE) and encephalitis to mention a few.[2,3] Indepth understanding of neurotropic potential of this virus will be helpful to individualize the treatment protocol from a neurological perspective.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"123-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46053123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is in its height, the measures taken to control the spread of this pandemic is acute and harsh. With the increasing new cases every hour it has caused a panic among every individual. Economy of the countries are equally affected. However, the direct and indirect impactof this pandemic on gender related needs are least prioritized and discussed. Evidences so far reveal the mortality being proportionately higher in males.This fact may not remain the same in Nepalese context becausewomen are more vulnerable in this low-income country where limited resources are allotted to women’s health. Majority of the workforce at frontline health care are women in the form of nurses, midwives and female community health volunteers (FCHV). Government of Nepal has decided to mobilize FCHVs for COVID-19 response in the community and these FCHVs who provide services at ground levels are at occupational risk of acquiring the infection.
{"title":"COVID-19 And Nepal: A Gender Perspective","authors":"S. Nepal, S. Aryal","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.337","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is in its height, the measures taken to control the spread of this pandemic is acute and harsh. With the increasing new cases every hour it has caused a panic among every individual. Economy of the countries are equally affected. However, the direct and indirect impactof this pandemic on gender related needs are least prioritized and discussed. Evidences so far reveal the mortality being proportionately higher in males.This fact may not remain the same in Nepalese context becausewomen are more vulnerable in this low-income country where limited resources are allotted to women’s health. Majority of the workforce at frontline health care are women in the form of nurses, midwives and female community health volunteers (FCHV). Government of Nepal has decided to mobilize FCHVs for COVID-19 response in the community and these FCHVs who provide services at ground levels are at occupational risk of acquiring the infection.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"121-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bajracharya, Pratibha Bam, Priyanka Bajracharya
Introduction: Adolescent girls face different physical conversions, sexual changes and psychological pressures associated with growth and maturity, menstruation being one of them. Menstruation is still clouded by taboos and socio-cultural restrictions resulting in ignorance of scientific facts and hygienic health practices. Since response to menstruation depends upon awareness and knowledge about issues, menstrual hygiene education has shown to be effective in improving health by developing good knowledge, attitude and practice among adolescent girls. Methods: An analytical study with one group pretest – posttest design was carried out to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on menstrual hygiene among 100 adolescent school girls studying in a public school in Palpa. Pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practice whereas valid MAQ (Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire) was used for attitude. This was followed by structured teaching program consisting of information on menstruation, myths and hygiene. Then a posttest was conducted after a week to the same respondents. Results: The study resulted in statistically significant improvements (P<0.001) in total knowledge (63% to 66%), attitude (47% to 63%) and practice (43% to 49%) after implementation of the structured teaching program. There was positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r=0.023), attitude and practice scores (r=0.026) and knowledge and practice scores (r=0.183). Conclusion: The structured teaching program is effective in improving knowledge, attitude and practice on menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls. Thus, adding menstrual hygiene as part of curriculum may break the culture of silence.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent School Girls","authors":"S. Bajracharya, Pratibha Bam, Priyanka Bajracharya","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.305","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescent girls face different physical conversions, sexual changes and psychological pressures associated with growth and maturity, menstruation being one of them. Menstruation is still clouded by taboos and socio-cultural restrictions resulting in ignorance of scientific facts and hygienic health practices. Since response to menstruation depends upon awareness and knowledge about issues, menstrual hygiene education has shown to be effective in improving health by developing good knowledge, attitude and practice among adolescent girls. Methods: An analytical study with one group pretest – posttest design was carried out to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on menstrual hygiene among 100 adolescent school girls studying in a public school in Palpa. Pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practice whereas valid MAQ (Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire) was used for attitude. This was followed by structured teaching program consisting of information on menstruation, myths and hygiene. Then a posttest was conducted after a week to the same respondents. Results: The study resulted in statistically significant improvements (P<0.001) in total knowledge (63% to 66%), attitude (47% to 63%) and practice (43% to 49%) after implementation of the structured teaching program. There was positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r=0.023), attitude and practice scores (r=0.026) and knowledge and practice scores (r=0.183). Conclusion: The structured teaching program is effective in improving knowledge, attitude and practice on menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls. Thus, adding menstrual hygiene as part of curriculum may break the culture of silence.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beating the statistics: With a population of over a billion, high population density with overcrowding especially in metropolis and underdeveloped health infrastructure, the projections for corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic were not in favour of India. Most statistical models had predicted over 5 lakh cases and more than 38,000 deaths and warned that India must prepare for a tsunami of COVID-19 cases. The situation appeared to be grimmer given that the incidence of diabetes, hypertension and respiratory diseases due to tuberculosis andair pollution is higher amongst Indians which are known risk factors for severe disease and death due to COVID-19.
{"title":"India Amidst COVID-19 Crisis: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly","authors":"S. Negi","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.346","url":null,"abstract":"Beating the statistics: With a population of over a billion, high population density with overcrowding especially in metropolis and underdeveloped health infrastructure, the projections for corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic were not in favour of India. Most statistical models had predicted over 5 lakh cases and more than 38,000 deaths and warned that India must prepare for a tsunami of COVID-19 cases. The situation appeared to be grimmer given that the incidence of diabetes, hypertension and respiratory diseases due to tuberculosis andair pollution is higher amongst Indians which are known risk factors for severe disease and death due to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To combat the global pandemic of Covid-19, the Government of Nepal declared a country wide lockdown on 24 March, 2020. The lockdown affected all the institutions, medical schools being no exception. To keep in pace with the academic calendar, most of the universities instructed their affiliated medical schools to start online classes for medical undergraduates. Kathmandu University which affiliates ten medical schools under its umbrella circulated a notice to start online classes. To facilitate this, the most important requisite is internet connection. A working device in the form of a laptop, desktop, or smartphone is needed to log in through the internet. After the lockdown, when all the medical schools closed, the students went home. We should not forget the fact that many students are from rural locality with no access to the internet at their home. The mobile internet data is costly and more data is consumed during video conferencing in online classes. The geographical remoteness further hinders the network coverage across the country.
{"title":"Online Medical Education in Nepal: Barking a Wrong Tree","authors":"Binu Nepal, A. Atreya","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.325","url":null,"abstract":"To combat the global pandemic of Covid-19, the Government of Nepal declared a country wide lockdown on 24 March, 2020. The lockdown affected all the institutions, medical schools being no exception. \u0000To keep in pace with the academic calendar, most of the universities instructed their affiliated medical schools to start online classes for medical undergraduates. Kathmandu University which affiliates ten medical schools under its umbrella circulated a notice to start online classes. To facilitate this, the most important requisite is internet connection. A working device in the form of a laptop, desktop, or smartphone is needed to log in through the internet. After the lockdown, when all the medical schools closed, the students went home. We should not forget the fact that many students are from rural locality with no access to the internet at their home. The mobile internet data is costly and more data is consumed during video conferencing in online classes. The geographical remoteness further hinders the network coverage across the country.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"113-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan reported its first COVID-19 case after a returnee from Wuhan, China tested positive for the virus on 16 January, 2020. On April 8, the Japanese government declared emergency in Tokyo and six other prefectures of the country; a nationwide emergency was declared on April 16. The total reported cases were 15,477 and total deaths 755 as of May 7, 2020.Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery (JSGS) have published recommendations for surgery and appropriate measures of safety. Patients are triaged based on the severity of their disease and level of outbreak. The Elective Surgery Acuity Scale (ESAS) by American College of Surgeons is recommended to triage the patients. The guidelines consider the risk of infection during the interventions that generate aerosol such as tracheal intubation, extubation, tracheostomy, mask ventilation, bronchoscopy,chest drainage, gastrointestinal endoscopy etc.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: A Surgical Perspective from Japan","authors":"Pramod Nepal, Saseem Poudel, N. Maharjan","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.326","url":null,"abstract":"Japan reported its first COVID-19 case after a returnee from Wuhan, China tested positive for the virus on 16 January, 2020. On April 8, the Japanese government declared emergency in Tokyo and six other prefectures of the country; a nationwide emergency was declared on April 16. The total reported cases were 15,477 and total deaths 755 as of May 7, 2020.Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery (JSGS) have published recommendations for surgery and appropriate measures of safety. Patients are triaged based on the severity of their disease and level of outbreak. The Elective Surgery Acuity Scale (ESAS) by American College of Surgeons is recommended to triage the patients. The guidelines consider the risk of infection during the interventions that generate aerosol such as tracheal intubation, extubation, tracheostomy, mask ventilation, bronchoscopy,chest drainage, gastrointestinal endoscopy etc.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"119-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47814069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The six-minute walk test is a simple test used to assess the exercise capacity. Variability is noted in the six-minute walk distance in different populations. Obesity also affects the six-minute walk test results. The aims of the study were to examine the relationship between body mass index and post exercise oxygen saturation and to establish a reference equation for the six-minute walk distance in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 106 subjects of age 18-25 years. The participant walked as fast as possible on a flat surface for six minutes. After a six-minute walk test, oxygen saturation and the distance walked were recorded. Results: Body mass index was negatively correlated with oxygen saturation (r=-0.587,p<0.001). Mean six-minute walk distance for males was 584.43±23.71 m and for females 469.85±30.38 m (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed sex and height as independent predictors of six-minute walk distance. The contributions of sex and height were statistically significant and explained 87.3% variance in the six-minute walk distance. Conclusion: Although the correlation between body mass index and oxygen saturation was statistically significant, the oxygen saturation values were still within normal range. Sex and height were the most significant predictors of the six-minute walk distance.
{"title":"Six-Minute Walk Test in Healthy Nepalese Young Adults Aged 18 to 25 Years: A Cross- Sectional Study","authors":"Shaligram Chaudhary, Bibek Koju, Lok Raj Joshi","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.310","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The six-minute walk test is a simple test used to assess the exercise capacity. Variability is noted in the six-minute walk distance in different populations. Obesity also affects the six-minute walk test results. The aims of the study were to examine the relationship between body mass index and post exercise oxygen saturation and to establish a reference equation for the six-minute walk distance in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 106 subjects of age 18-25 years. The participant walked as fast as possible on a flat surface for six minutes. After a six-minute walk test, oxygen saturation and the distance walked were recorded. Results: Body mass index was negatively correlated with oxygen saturation (r=-0.587,p<0.001). Mean six-minute walk distance for males was 584.43±23.71 m and for females 469.85±30.38 m (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed sex and height as independent predictors of six-minute walk distance. The contributions of sex and height were statistically significant and explained 87.3% variance in the six-minute walk distance. Conclusion: Although the correlation between body mass index and oxygen saturation was statistically significant, the oxygen saturation values were still within normal range. Sex and height were the most significant predictors of the six-minute walk distance.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharad Gupta, H. Sharma, R. Yadav, S. Singh, Sushma Chaudhary
Introduction: Best disease or vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with bilateral presentation characterized by subretinal accumulation of yellowish material in the macular area. Macular findings range from a small yellow spot, multiple vitelliform or atrophic lesions to a chorio-retinal scar. Case report: A 35 years male presented to our outpatient department with chief complaint of blurring of vision of both eyes for the past three months. His visual acuity was 6/12 in both right and left eyes. On slit-lamp bio-examination anterior segments of both eyes were normal. On fundus examination, both eyes revealed a single, circular, yellow-opaque egg yolk-like macular lesion with no other abnormalities. Optical coherence tomography of both eyes revealed deposits of homogenous hyper- reflective material beneath retinal pigment epithelium at fovea. Fundus fluorescence angiography showed blocked fluorescence at the site of vitelliform lesion of both eyes. Conclusion: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare genetic disorder with incomplete penetrance. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescence angiography support the diagnosis.
{"title":"Adult Onset Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy: A Case Report","authors":"Sharad Gupta, H. Sharma, R. Yadav, S. Singh, Sushma Chaudhary","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.316","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Best disease or vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with bilateral presentation characterized by subretinal accumulation of yellowish material in the macular area. Macular findings range from a small yellow spot, multiple vitelliform or atrophic lesions to a chorio-retinal scar. Case report: A 35 years male presented to our outpatient department with chief complaint of blurring of vision of both eyes for the past three months. His visual acuity was 6/12 in both right and left eyes. On slit-lamp bio-examination anterior segments of both eyes were normal. On fundus examination, both eyes revealed a single, circular, yellow-opaque egg yolk-like macular lesion with no other abnormalities. Optical coherence tomography of both eyes revealed deposits of homogenous hyper- reflective material beneath retinal pigment epithelium at fovea. Fundus fluorescence angiography showed blocked fluorescence at the site of vitelliform lesion of both eyes. Conclusion: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare genetic disorder with incomplete penetrance. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescence angiography support the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43575770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When one examines life in various countries of the world regardless of type of government, health system, or even culture, one sees the great diversity of the world but also large areas of commonality among all people and all places. The twentieth century’s history is one of almost constant war, two of those wars having affected the majority of the global population, but only one event parallels today’s pandemic in impact on almost every individual on planet Earth: the great pandemic of 1918, which by various accounts took between 20 to 100 million lives over a three-year period.
{"title":"Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Truth and Trust","authors":"T. Hughes","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.336","url":null,"abstract":"When one examines life in various countries of the world regardless of type of government, health system, or even culture, one sees the great diversity of the world but also large areas of commonality among all people and all places. The twentieth century’s history is one of almost constant war, two of those wars having affected the majority of the global population, but only one event parallels today’s pandemic in impact on almost every individual on planet Earth: the great pandemic of 1918, which by various accounts took between 20 to 100 million lives over a three-year period.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"111-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42212151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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