P. Vuillaume, A. Mokrini, L. Robitaille, P. Bébin, Lori Leblond
We have previously described the complex formation from a synthetic smectite clay, Sumecton SA (SSA), and the heteropolyacid (HPA), 12-phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Three new synthetic layered aluminosilicate clays of the smectite- [Lucentite SWN (SWN)] and (fluoro)mica-type [Tetrasilicic mica (TSM); Somasif ME100, (SME)] have been self-assembled with PTA, at a specific PTA-clay weight ratio of 5. New protogenic inorganic complexes have been prepared for the future fabrication of proton exchange membrane for fuel cell devices (PEMFC). Complex formation, thermal and structural properties of PTA-phyllosilicate complexes have been investigated using EDX, XRD, SEM, and DRIFT. EDX indicates that complexes incorporate a substantial amount of PTA (50-60% w/w) and that a moderate depletion of Mg2+ ions from octahedral layers of micas clays occurs during the process compared to smectite ones. In contrast, a significant amount of F is removed from the octahedral framework of the mica clays. DRIFT experiments indicate that the Keggin structure is preserved within all complexes and that complex formation predominantly involves the external oxygen (W-Od) of PTA. According to Patterson functions, coherence lengths - which reflect for the virgin clays the extent of the longitudinal platelet stacking (Lc) - of the two smectite clays (Lc ~25 Å) are significantly lower than for their analogous of the mica type (Lc = 180-225 Å). Clays in complexes are characterized by the loss of in-plane organization but are still partially ordered. The nature of the order is still speculative but could be related to the formation of a new inorganic PTA species formed during the complex formation. Compared to the virgin clays, the order of smectite complexes is maintained in the same range (Lc = 27-42 Å) while for mica complexes, coherence lengths are dramatically reduced to ~ 60 Å. All PTA-activated complexes contain a substantial amount of amorphous silica, which tends to increase when heated at temperatures above 280 oC. However, the Keggin structure within the complexes is at least stable up to 280 oC and even, for the most robust TSM complex, up to 450 oC.
{"title":"Solid-State Characterization of Heteropolyacid-Phyllosilicate Complexes: Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties","authors":"P. Vuillaume, A. Mokrini, L. Robitaille, P. Bébin, Lori Leblond","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p36","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously described the complex formation from a synthetic smectite clay, Sumecton SA (SSA), and the heteropolyacid (HPA), 12-phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Three new synthetic layered aluminosilicate clays of the smectite- [Lucentite SWN (SWN)] and (fluoro)mica-type [Tetrasilicic mica (TSM); Somasif ME100, (SME)] have been self-assembled with PTA, at a specific PTA-clay weight ratio of 5. New protogenic inorganic complexes have been prepared for the future fabrication of proton exchange membrane for fuel cell devices (PEMFC). Complex formation, thermal and structural properties of PTA-phyllosilicate complexes have been investigated using EDX, XRD, SEM, and DRIFT. EDX indicates that complexes incorporate a substantial amount of PTA (50-60% w/w) and that a moderate depletion of Mg2+ ions from octahedral layers of micas clays occurs during the process compared to smectite ones. In contrast, a significant amount of F is removed from the octahedral framework of the mica clays. DRIFT experiments indicate that the Keggin structure is preserved within all complexes and that complex formation predominantly involves the external oxygen (W-Od) of PTA. According to Patterson functions, coherence lengths - which reflect for the virgin clays the extent of the longitudinal platelet stacking (Lc) - of the two smectite clays (Lc ~25 Å) are significantly lower than for their analogous of the mica type (Lc = 180-225 Å). Clays in complexes are characterized by the loss of in-plane organization but are still partially ordered. The nature of the order is still speculative but could be related to the formation of a new inorganic PTA species formed during the complex formation. Compared to the virgin clays, the order of smectite complexes is maintained in the same range (Lc = 27-42 Å) while for mica complexes, coherence lengths are dramatically reduced to ~ 60 Å. All PTA-activated complexes contain a substantial amount of amorphous silica, which tends to increase when heated at temperatures above 280 oC. However, the Keggin structure within the complexes is at least stable up to 280 oC and even, for the most robust TSM complex, up to 450 oC.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76257998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Quadflieg, V. Srivastava, T. Gries, Shantanu Bhatt
The main goal of this study is to reduce the brittleness of a fibre-reinforced cement base structure when exposed to the effects of graphene nanoplates, fly ash, silica, sand, and cement fillers to better understand the effect of hybrid nano/micro particle fillers on the mechanical performance of cross-ply carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites. A three-point bending test through the width was used to measure flexural strength. The impact tests Izod at low impact velocity and Charpy through the thickness were used to determine the dynamic fracture strengths of pre-cracked and non-cracked composite samples. Also, the compressive test method was used to measure the compressive strength of hybrid particles and short glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composite square and circular columns. The results show compressive strength and flexural strength. Izod impact energy, Charpy impact energy, and dynamic fracture toughness of hybrid nano/microparticle-filled fibre composites have higher values than virgin fibre composites due to the influence of graphene nanoparticles and perfect interface bonding between two dissimilar molecules of nano and microparticles, which improve the fracture toughness and absorb impact energy. Overall, the results indicate that molecules of nano/microparticle-filled carbon fibre and glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites can be used in aggressive environments because of the improved mechanical properties in comparison to the virgin fibre composites. In addition, SEM micrographs clearly indicate that nano- and microparticles are resistant crack propagation and deboned of matrix fibres.
{"title":"Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Graphene Nanoplates, Fly-Ash, Cement, Silica, and Sand Particles Filled Cross-Ply Carbon Fibre Woven Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites Beam and Column","authors":"T. Quadflieg, V. Srivastava, T. Gries, Shantanu Bhatt","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p22","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this study is to reduce the brittleness of a fibre-reinforced cement base structure when exposed to the effects of graphene nanoplates, fly ash, silica, sand, and cement fillers to better understand the effect of hybrid nano/micro particle fillers on the mechanical performance of cross-ply carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites. A three-point bending test through the width was used to measure flexural strength. The impact tests Izod at low impact velocity and Charpy through the thickness were used to determine the dynamic fracture strengths of pre-cracked and non-cracked composite samples. Also, the compressive test method was used to measure the compressive strength of hybrid particles and short glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composite square and circular columns. The results show compressive strength and flexural strength. Izod impact energy, Charpy impact energy, and dynamic fracture toughness of hybrid nano/microparticle-filled fibre composites have higher values than virgin fibre composites due to the influence of graphene nanoparticles and perfect interface bonding between two dissimilar molecules of nano and microparticles, which improve the fracture toughness and absorb impact energy. Overall, the results indicate that molecules of nano/microparticle-filled carbon fibre and glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites can be used in aggressive environments because of the improved mechanical properties in comparison to the virgin fibre composites. In addition, SEM micrographs clearly indicate that nano- and microparticles are resistant crack propagation and deboned of matrix fibres.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84423361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edinan Casagrande, Diógenes Barbosa Teles, M. Policena
Among the existing machining processes, turning and milling are characterized as the most used and consequently are considered the most important. Machining moves a market estimated at around 10% of gross national production. Many industrial components and parts are subjected to severe operating conditions, in corrosive environments, high temperatures what causes wear. With the development of industries, there is a need for steel alloys with different properties, to meet different purposes. Cobalt alloys, as well as others, arose from the need to develop metals that would meet the growing demand in applications with high temperatures and high working stress in gas turbine components. Due to their high mechanical and thermal resistance, these alloys are difficult to machining, a situation that requires in-depth studies to reduce process costs and improve the surface quality of machined parts. Machined surfaces may have different textures depending on the process. Turning and milling generate grooved profiles due to tool/part interaction. In many cases, roughness is used as an output parameter to control the process. Another important factor is the wear of cutting tools, which must be selected according to the material properties of the workpiece, machine tool and other parameters that influence its wear. Controlling the useful life of the tool is a decisive factor when you want to avoid loss of productivity, with fewer stops for changes, consequently, you have a more effective and economical production. The present study presents a brief review of the literature regarding turning and milling of cobalt alloys, regarding the optimization of machining parameters, tools used and the use of lubri-cooling techniques, with the objective of reducing the roughness of the parts, the tool wear, improve surface integrity and contribute to the sustainability of manufacturing processes when machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this review, a comparative analysis of the results is presented, indicating the gaps in research such as classification and processing of alloys, formation of carbides with non-uniform distribution, which impairs the performance of the tools. Some suggestions for future work indicate the absence of studies on the use of diamond and CBN tools, clarify the interaction medium lubricant-coolant-coating of the tools-alloy chemical composition and cutting parameters, in addition to dynamic analyzes in the cutting of hardened materials.
{"title":"A Short Literature Review on Turning and Milling of Cobalt Alloys","authors":"Edinan Casagrande, Diógenes Barbosa Teles, M. Policena","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p9","url":null,"abstract":"Among the existing machining processes, turning and milling are characterized as the most used and consequently are considered the most important. Machining moves a market estimated at around 10% of gross national production. Many industrial components and parts are subjected to severe operating conditions, in corrosive environments, high temperatures what causes wear. With the development of industries, there is a need for steel alloys with different properties, to meet different purposes. Cobalt alloys, as well as others, arose from the need to develop metals that would meet the growing demand in applications with high temperatures and high working stress in gas turbine components. Due to their high mechanical and thermal resistance, these alloys are difficult to machining, a situation that requires in-depth studies to reduce process costs and improve the surface quality of machined parts. Machined surfaces may have different textures depending on the process. Turning and milling generate grooved profiles due to tool/part interaction. In many cases, roughness is used as an output parameter to control the process. Another important factor is the wear of cutting tools, which must be selected according to the material properties of the workpiece, machine tool and other parameters that influence its wear. Controlling the useful life of the tool is a decisive factor when you want to avoid loss of productivity, with fewer stops for changes, consequently, you have a more effective and economical production. The present study presents a brief review of the literature regarding turning and milling of cobalt alloys, regarding the optimization of machining parameters, tools used and the use of lubri-cooling techniques, with the objective of reducing the roughness of the parts, the tool wear, improve surface integrity and contribute to the sustainability of manufacturing processes when machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this review, a comparative analysis of the results is presented, indicating the gaps in research such as classification and processing of alloys, formation of carbides with non-uniform distribution, which impairs the performance of the tools. Some suggestions for future work indicate the absence of studies on the use of diamond and CBN tools, clarify the interaction medium lubricant-coolant-coating of the tools-alloy chemical composition and cutting parameters, in addition to dynamic analyzes in the cutting of hardened materials.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"417 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84906067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer-clay nanocomposites are more popular in many industries and applications due to improved mechanical and gas barrier properties over pure polymers and classical polymer-based composites. The mechanism by which clay platelets, with thicknesses in the nanometer range, as opposed to the hundred-nanometer range in the other two dimensions, introduce the mechanical and other properties improvement can be attributed to their high efficiency in creating discontinuities to flows through the bulk matrix polymer material. However, the extent of this improvement depends on the success of separation or achieving full exfoliation of the clay platelets through the bulk matrix. Since such full exfoliation is not achievable experimentally, the aspect ratio of the filler particles is not a simple value that mathematical models employ to describe mechanical properties. In this work, a modification is proposed to improve such models by using relationships utilizing different concentrations of varying filler platelets thicknesses. The improvements in elastic tensile modulus are discussed with consideration of the effect of clay platelet inclusions geometry as depicted through the proposed modification to considered models to capture the effect of nano-platelets on the properties of the composite.
{"title":"An Improved Model for Estimation of Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Clay Nano-Composites","authors":"A. Al-Abduljabbar","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-clay nanocomposites are more popular in many industries and applications due to improved mechanical and gas barrier properties over pure polymers and classical polymer-based composites. The mechanism by which clay platelets, with thicknesses in the nanometer range, as opposed to the hundred-nanometer range in the other two dimensions, introduce the mechanical and other properties improvement can be attributed to their high efficiency in creating discontinuities to flows through the bulk matrix polymer material. However, the extent of this improvement depends on the success of separation or achieving full exfoliation of the clay platelets through the bulk matrix. Since such full exfoliation is not achievable experimentally, the aspect ratio of the filler particles is not a simple value that mathematical models employ to describe mechanical properties. In this work, a modification is proposed to improve such models by using relationships utilizing different concentrations of varying filler platelets thicknesses. The improvements in elastic tensile modulus are discussed with consideration of the effect of clay platelet inclusions geometry as depicted through the proposed modification to considered models to capture the effect of nano-platelets on the properties of the composite.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79852599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) process is a method for surface hardening that improves the hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the materials. In this study, the effect of composition was investigated, by using 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wt% of ferrochrome and ferrovanadium with equal amounts, along with 3 wt% aluminum and borax. The TRD process was carried out at 1000°C for 7 hours on AISI H13 hot work tool steel so that a complex coating of chromium-vanadium carbide was formed on the H13 substrate. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to evaluate the thickness and microstructure of the samples, respectively. Moreover, the amount of alloying elements and constituent phases on the surface were analyzed by point analysis and X-ray diffraction. The micro-hardness method was used to evaluate the hardness of the samples. The results of this study showed that by increasing the amount of ferroalloy, the hardness and thickness of the coating increase. The optimal composition with 8% ferrochrome and 8% ferrovanadium was found to yield a coating with a thickness of 7.65 μm and a hardness of 2115 HV.
{"title":"Applying Thermo-Reactive Diffusion Method to Surface Coating of H13 Tool Steel Using Ferrovanadium, Ferrochromium, and Misch Metal","authors":"Nastran Najafian, A. Moloodi, E. Karimi","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v11n2p23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v11n2p23","url":null,"abstract":"The thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) process is a method for surface hardening that improves the hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the materials. In this study, the effect of composition was investigated, by using 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wt% of ferrochrome and ferrovanadium with equal amounts, along with 3 wt% aluminum and borax. The TRD process was carried out at 1000°C for 7 hours on AISI H13 hot work tool steel so that a complex coating of chromium-vanadium carbide was formed on the H13 substrate. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to evaluate the thickness and microstructure of the samples, respectively. Moreover, the amount of alloying elements and constituent phases on the surface were analyzed by point analysis and X-ray diffraction. The micro-hardness method was used to evaluate the hardness of the samples. The results of this study showed that by increasing the amount of ferroalloy, the hardness and thickness of the coating increase. The optimal composition with 8% ferrochrome and 8% ferrovanadium was found to yield a coating with a thickness of 7.65 μm and a hardness of 2115 HV.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74496583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a new technique for Laser irradiation of Ti6Al4VELI was developed, this alloy is an alpha-beta structure, the irradiation was done at room temperature in the normal atmosphere without any external media, the effects of laser irradiation on the Ti6Al4VELI such as the chemical composition of the alloy before and after laser irradiation were recorded by Energy dispersive X-ray “EDX” technique. the affected zone (thickness) of the laser irradiation technique was limited to the surface in micro to the nanoscale. The variation in mechanical properties due to laser irradiation at different wavelengths was measured by the determination of the variation of modulus and hardness at maximum load with a number of pulses. The wear rate was measured for the Ti6Al4VELI before and after laser irradiation at 5000 pulses where the maximum improvement in the hardness occurs at all wavelengths, in the current study, it improves surface mechanical characteristics. The effect of laser irradiation on the structures was studied by SEM, the quantitative analysis was done at all irradiation conditions. Laser treatment is suitable for both field works and industry. The improvement in mechanical properties occurs due to microstructure changes without significant changes in chemical composition. the efficiency and lifetime of the alloys were increased, the work is registered as patent number 24014 in the Egyptian patent office.
{"title":"The Effect of Laser Irradiation on The Properties of Micro to Nanolayer Titanium Alloy","authors":"H. Hebatalrahman","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v11n2p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v11n2p11","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a new technique for Laser irradiation of Ti6Al4VELI was developed, this alloy is an alpha-beta structure, the irradiation was done at room temperature in the normal atmosphere without any external media, the effects of laser irradiation on the Ti6Al4VELI such as the chemical composition of the alloy before and after laser irradiation were recorded by Energy dispersive X-ray “EDX” technique. the affected zone (thickness) of the laser irradiation technique was limited to the surface in micro to the nanoscale. The variation in mechanical properties due to laser irradiation at different wavelengths was measured by the determination of the variation of modulus and hardness at maximum load with a number of pulses. The wear rate was measured for the Ti6Al4VELI before and after laser irradiation at 5000 pulses where the maximum improvement in the hardness occurs at all wavelengths, in the current study, it improves surface mechanical characteristics. The effect of laser irradiation on the structures was studied by SEM, the quantitative analysis was done at all irradiation conditions. Laser treatment is suitable for both field works and industry. The improvement in mechanical properties occurs due to microstructure changes without significant changes in chemical composition. the efficiency and lifetime of the alloys were increased, the work is registered as patent number 24014 in the Egyptian patent office.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87876264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work deals with the concept of soliton as regular localized stable solutions of nonlinear di erential equations. In this context, exact static, spherically symmetric solutions to Heisenberg-Ivanenko nonlinear spinor field equation have been obtained in General Relativity. We opted to the static spherical symmetric metric defined in the pseudoriemannian varieties. It has been shown that the obtained solutions are regular with localized energy density and a finite total energy. In addition, the total charge and the total spin are bounded. Therefore the obtained solutions of Heisenberg-Ivanenko nonlinear spinor field equation are soliton-like configurations. Note that the e ect of gravitational field on the properties of regular localized solutions significantly depends on the symmetry of the system.
{"title":"Heisenberg-Ivanenko Nonlinear Spinor Field Equation: Spherical Symmetric Soliton-Like Solutions in Gravitational Theory","authors":"A. Essoun, M. A. Konnon, J. Edou, A. Adomou","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v11n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v11n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"This research work deals with the concept of soliton as regular localized stable solutions of nonlinear di erential equations. In this context, exact static, spherically symmetric solutions to Heisenberg-Ivanenko nonlinear spinor field equation have been obtained in General Relativity. We opted to the static spherical symmetric metric defined in the pseudoriemannian varieties. It has been shown that the obtained solutions are regular with localized energy density and a finite total energy. In addition, the total charge and the total spin are bounded. Therefore the obtained solutions of Heisenberg-Ivanenko nonlinear spinor field equation are soliton-like configurations. Note that the e ect of gravitational field on the properties of regular localized solutions significantly depends on the symmetry of the system.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90686845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the present study is to investigate the dynamic fracture toughness behaviors of CFRP-Foam-CFRP sandwich composite of V-notched through -thickness, surface, and un-notched specimens under Izod, and Charpy impact tests. The sandwich composite structures are made of cross-plied carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite faces with polyurethane foam core. CFRP composites are used to combine the upper face and the lower face through the core in stitched sandwich structures. Compressive strength of weight drop impact perforated and un-perforated sandwich composite specimens are measured from a universal testing machine. Also, particles (Al2O3, CNTs, and cement) filled glass fiber cloth and graphene nanoplates coated glass fiber strands reinforced polymer hybrid composite are fabricated for V-notched, un-notched Izod impact and Charpy impact tests. The results show that weight drop impact energy is lower than the Izod impact energy but higher than the Charpy impact energy, whereas the dynamic fracture toughness of Izod impact energy is more than the Charpy and weight drop impact energy due to geometry of impactor and sandwich specimen. However energy and dynamic fracture toughness of Al2O3, CNTs, and Cement filled un-notched hybrid composites higher than the notched hybrid composites under Izod Impact. The dynamic fracture toughness and energy of CNTs filled hybrid composites is higher than the sandwich composites, Al2O3, and Cement filled hybrid composites under Charpy Impact.
{"title":"Dynamic Fracture Toughness Behaviour of CFRP-Foam-CFRP Sandwich Composite and Particles Filled Hybrid Glass Fiber Cloth, Graphene Nanoplates Coated Glass Fiber Strand Composite Materials under Low Impact Velocity","authors":"V. Srivastava","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p70","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study is to investigate the dynamic fracture toughness behaviors of CFRP-Foam-CFRP sandwich composite of V-notched through -thickness, surface, and un-notched specimens under Izod, and Charpy impact tests. The sandwich composite structures are made of cross-plied carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite faces with polyurethane foam core. CFRP composites are used to combine the upper face and the lower face through the core in stitched sandwich structures. Compressive strength of weight drop impact perforated and un-perforated sandwich composite specimens are measured from a universal testing machine. Also, particles (Al2O3, CNTs, and cement) filled glass fiber cloth and graphene nanoplates coated glass fiber strands reinforced polymer hybrid composite are fabricated for V-notched, un-notched Izod impact and Charpy impact tests. The results show that weight drop impact energy is lower than the Izod impact energy but higher than the Charpy impact energy, whereas the dynamic fracture toughness of Izod impact energy is more than the Charpy and weight drop impact energy due to geometry of impactor and sandwich specimen. However energy and dynamic fracture toughness of Al2O3, CNTs, and Cement filled un-notched hybrid composites higher than the notched hybrid composites under Izod Impact. The dynamic fracture toughness and energy of CNTs filled hybrid composites is higher than the sandwich composites, Al2O3, and Cement filled hybrid composites under Charpy Impact.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80342837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new interferometric method for measuring the length of the X-ray train is proposed, and a special interferometer, a device for measurement of the X-ray train length has been developed, created, and tested. The length of the X-ray train and the duration of coherent radiation are estimated and it has been proven that the interference pattern disappears when the difference of paths between the superimposing waves becomes greater than the length of the coherent X-ray train. The bound of a disappearance of the X-ray interference pattern is determined depending on the magnitude of the path differences. The length of the X-ray train is determined, which is close to the theoretically determined value.
{"title":"New Interferometric Method and Device for Measuring the X-Ray Train Length","authors":"H. R. Drmeyan, S. Mkhitaryan","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p85","url":null,"abstract":"A new interferometric method for measuring the length of the X-ray train is proposed, and a special interferometer, a device for measurement of the X-ray train length has been developed, created, and tested. The length of the X-ray train and the duration of coherent radiation are estimated and it has been proven that the interference pattern disappears when the difference of paths between the superimposing waves becomes greater than the length of the coherent X-ray train. The bound of a disappearance of the X-ray interference pattern is determined depending on the magnitude of the path differences. The length of the X-ray train is determined, which is close to the theoretically determined value.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76501543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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