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Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Materials Science Research, Vol. 11, No. 1 《Journal of Materials Science Research》第11卷第1期审稿人致谢
Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p91
John Martin
Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Materials Science Research, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2022.
《Journal of Materials Science Research》,Vol. 11, No. 1, 2022。
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引用次数: 0
Dopamine-Derived Graphite-Like Hard Carbon Materials for High-Performance Li+ Ions Storage 用于高性能Li+离子存储的多巴胺衍生类石墨硬碳材料
Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p59
Xianfa Rao, Baobao Li, K. Lei, Yitao Lou, Lixia Zhang, Longhai Weng, Long Chen, Xuanbo Shi, Shengwen Zhong, Baotong Liu, Li Wang
Graphite anode material is easily powdered under large currents, resulting in a short circuit inside the battery, causing serious safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to study a negative electrode material, increase the diffusion channel of lithium ions, increase the layer spacing, reduce the transmission distance, effectively weaken the lithium-ion deposition, and improve the cycle life. A novel organic hard carbon material was prepared by calcining dopamine hydrochloride (DA) at three temperatures. Under the inert atmosphere of 950 °C, the material is fully carbonized, the lattice spacing is 0.367 nm, and it has good lithium-ion transmission activity. After assembling into a battery, after 2000 charge-discharge tests at a high rate of 10C, the charging specific capacity is still 103.3mAh g-1, and the CE remains 101.4%. Dopamine hard carbon anode materials exhibit excellent specific capacity and cycle properties, providing new ideas to support the rapid charging and discharging of hard carbon anode materials.
石墨负极材料在大电流作用下容易粉末状,导致电池内部短路,造成严重的安全隐患。因此,有必要研究一种负极材料,增加锂离子的扩散通道,增加层间距,减小传输距离,有效削弱锂离子沉积,提高循环寿命。以盐酸多巴胺(DA)为原料,在三种温度下煅烧制备了一种新型有机硬碳材料。在950℃惰性气氛下,材料完全碳化,晶格间距0.367 nm,具有良好的锂离子透射活性。组装成电池后,在10C的高倍率下进行2000次充放电测试,充电比容量仍为103.3mAh g-1, CE仍为101.4%。多巴胺硬碳负极材料具有优异的比容量和循环性能,为支持硬碳负极材料的快速充放电提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of PZ27 and PZ52 Piezoceramics from Electrical Measurements PZ27和PZ52压电陶瓷的电测量表征
Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v10n2p84
O. Diallo, Harouna Mamadou BAL, M. Ndiaye, S. Gaye, G. Feuillard
The characterization of ceramics is essential for the optimization of ultrasonic transducers. To do this we must determine the functional properties of ceramics which are: speed of vibration of longitudinal waves kt = Coupling coefficient: indicates the ability of the ceramic to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy the dielectric constant electrical and mechanical losses acoustic impedance The electrical measurements allowed us to determine the functional properties of the ceramics available to us. We were able to refine the results thus obtained thanks to the digital simulator (KLM).
陶瓷的表征对超声换能器的优化至关重要。要做到这一点,我们必须确定陶瓷的功能特性:纵波的振动速度kt =耦合系数:表明陶瓷将电能转化为机械能的能力介电常数,电和机械损耗声阻抗,电学测量使我们能够确定可用陶瓷的功能特性。由于数字模拟器(KLM),我们能够改进由此获得的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Root Cause of Degradation in the Creep Strength of Martensitic Steel 马氏体钢蠕变强度下降的根本原因
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v11n1p1
M. Tamura
Creep curves of Grade 91 and 92 steels were analyzed by applying an exponential law to the temperature, stress, and time parameters to investigate the formation process of the Z-phase, which lowers the long-term rupture strength of high-Cr martensitic steel. The activation energy (Q), activation volume (V), and Larson–Miller constant (C) were obtained as functions of creep strain. At the beginning of creep, sub-grain boundary strengthening occurs because of dislocations that are swept out of the sub-grains, and this is followed by strengthening owing to the rearrangement of M23C6 and the precipitation of the Laves phase. Heterogeneous recovery and subsequent heterogeneous deformation start at an early stage of transient creep near several of the weakest boundaries because of the coarsening of the precipitates; this results in the simultaneous decreases in Q, V, and C even in transient creep. Further, this activity triggers an unexpected degradation in strength because of the accelerated formation of the Z-phase even in transient creep. The stabilization of M23C6 and the Laves phase is important to mitigate the degradation of the long-term rupture strength of high-strength martensitic steel. The stabilization of the Laves phase is especially important for Cr-Mo systems because Fe2Mo is easily coarsened at approximately 600 °C compared to Fe2W in Grade 92 steel.
通过对温度、应力和时间参数的指数规律分析了91级和92级钢的蠕变曲线,探讨了降低高铬马氏体钢长期断裂强度的z相的形成过程。得到了活化能Q、活化体积V和Larson-Miller常数C随蠕变应变的变化规律。在蠕变开始时,亚晶界的强化是由于位错从亚晶中扫出,随后的强化是由于M23C6的重排和Laves相的析出。由于析出相的粗化,非均质恢复和随后的非均质变形开始于瞬态蠕变的早期阶段,靠近几个最弱的边界;这导致即使在瞬态蠕变中Q、V和C也同时降低。此外,即使在瞬态蠕变中,这种活性也会加速z相的形成,从而引发意想不到的强度下降。M23C6和Laves相的稳定化是减缓高强马氏体钢长期断裂强度下降的重要因素。Laves相的稳定对于Cr-Mo体系尤为重要,因为与92级钢中的Fe2W相比,Fe2Mo在大约600℃时容易粗化。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the Degradation in the Creep Strength of High-Cr Martensitic Steels 高铬马氏体钢蠕变强度退化的分析
Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v10n2p1
M. Tamura, F. Abe
To investigate the formation process of the Z-phase, which lowers the long-term rupture strength of high-Cr martensitic steel, the creep curves of Grades T91, T92, and P92 were analyzed along with the experimental steels of 9Cr-1W and 9Cr-4W by applying an exponential law to the temperature, stress, and time parameters. The activation energy (Q ), activation volume (V ), and Larson-Miller constant (C ) were obtained as functions of creep strain. At the beginning of creep, sub-grain boundary strengthening occurs due to dislocations that are swept out of the sub-grains, which is followed by strengthening due to the rearrangement of M23C6 and the precipitation of the Laves phase. After Q  reaches a peak, heterogeneous recovery and subsequent heterogeneous deformation begin at an early stage of transient creep in the vicinity of several of the weakest boundaries due to coarsening of the precipitates. This activity triggers an unexpected degradation in strength due to the accelerated formation of the Z-phase. Stabilization of M23C6 and the Laves phase is important for mitigating the degradation of the long-term rupture strength of high-strength martensitic steel. The stabilization of the Laves phase is especially important for the Cr-Mo systems because Fe2Mo is easily coarsened at ~600 °C as compared to Fe2W. Lowering the hardness and Si content also prevents excess hardening due to the Laves phase, which also mitigates the degradation. The online monitoring of creep curves and the QVC  analysis render it possible to detect signs of long-term degradation under targeted conditions within a relatively short period.
为研究降低高铬马氏体钢长期断裂强度的z相的形成过程,对T91、T92和P92等级的蠕变曲线以及9Cr-1W和9Cr-4W试验钢进行了温度、应力和时间参数的指数规律分析。得到了活化能Q、活化体积V和Larson-Miller常数C随蠕变应变的变化规律。在蠕变开始时,亚晶界强化是由于位错从亚晶中扫出,随后是由于M23C6的重排和Laves相的析出。在Q达到峰值后,非均质恢复和随后的非均质变形开始于瞬态蠕变的早期阶段,在几个最弱的边界附近,由于析出物变粗。由于加速了z相的形成,这种活性引发了意想不到的强度下降。M23C6和Laves相的稳定化对减缓高强马氏体钢长期断裂强度的下降具有重要意义。Laves相的稳定对于Cr-Mo体系尤为重要,因为与Fe2W相比,Fe2Mo在~600°C时容易粗化。降低硬度和Si含量也可以防止由Laves相引起的过度硬化,这也减轻了降解。蠕变曲线的在线监测和QVC分析使得在相对较短的时间内检测到目标条件下长期退化的迹象成为可能。
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引用次数: 4
Analysis on Degradation in Creep Strength of 9Cr-W Martensitic Steel 9Cr-W马氏体钢蠕变强度退化分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v10n1p1
M. Tamura
In order to clarify the creep mechanism of high Cr martensitic steel, creep curves of 9Cr-1W and 9Cr-4W steels were analyzed applying an exponential law to the temperature, stress, and time parameters. The activation energy, Q, the activation volume, V, and the Larson-Miller constant, C, are obtained as functions of creep strain. At the beginning of creep, sub-grain boundary strengthening by swept dislocations out of sub-grains occurs followed by strengthening due to the rearrangement of M23C6 and the precipitation of Laves phase. After Q reaches a peak, heterogeneous recovery and subsequent heterogeneous deformation begin at an early stage of transient creep in the vicinity of some weakest boundaries due to coarsening of the precipitates, which triggers the unexpected degradation in strength due to the accelerating coarsening of precipitates. Stabilizing not only M23C6 but also Laves phase is important to mitigate the degradation of rupture strength of martensitic steel. The above creep mechanism for martensitic steel can be applicable to the explanation for the degradation in long term rupture strength of high Cr martensitic steel, Grades 91 and 92.
为了阐明高铬马氏体钢的蠕变机理,应用温度、应力和时间参数的指数规律对9Cr-1W和9Cr-4W钢的蠕变曲线进行了分析。得到了活化能Q、活化体积V和Larson-Miller常数C作为蠕变应变的函数。在蠕变开始时,由亚晶外扫位错强化亚晶界,然后由M23C6的重排和Laves相的析出强化亚晶界。在Q达到峰值后,非均质恢复和随后的非均质变形开始于瞬态蠕变的早期阶段,在一些因析出相粗化而最弱的边界附近,这导致了由于析出相加速粗化而导致的意外强度退化。稳定M23C6相和Laves相对减缓马氏体钢断裂强度下降具有重要意义。上述马氏体钢蠕变机理可用于91级和92级高铬马氏体钢长期断裂强度下降的解释。
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引用次数: 3
Canola Meal Adhesive for the Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards Using Hot-Air/Hot-Steam-Process 热风/热蒸汽法生产木纤维保温板用油菜籽胶
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v10n1p28
K. Ostendorf, Julian Haerkötter, M. Euring
Canola meal as a by-product from the vegetable oil production provides a protein-rich material which is available in large quantities but with limited areas for application. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of utilizing canola meal adhesive for the production of wood fiber insulation boards (WFI) using the hot-air/hot-steam-process. WFI with two different thicknesses (40/60 mm) and different densities (110/140/160/180 kg/m³) were manufactured. The testing focused on their physical-mechanical properties such as internal bond strength (IB), compressive strength (CS) and short-term water absorption (ST-WA) measured according to European standards. For a better understanding of the material and curing dynamics, the canola meal was analyzed on its protein content, lignin and pentosane content as well as its extractives content using hot water, cold water and successive extraction. Using a canola meal based adhesive resulted in promising results for IB and CS up to density of 140 kg/m³. Nonetheless, there is place for improvement for the ST-WA.
菜籽粕作为植物油生产的副产品,提供了大量的富含蛋白质的材料,但应用领域有限。本研究的目的是探讨利用油菜籽粕粘合剂生产热空气/热蒸汽工艺的木纤维绝热板(WFI)的可能性。制备了两种不同厚度(40/ 60mm)和不同密度(110/140/160/180 kg/m³)的WFI。测试的重点是其物理力学性能,如内部粘结强度(IB)、抗压强度(CS)和短期吸水率(ST-WA),根据欧洲标准测量。为了更好地了解菜籽粕的物质和固化动力学,采用热水、冷水和连续提取的方法对菜籽粕的蛋白质含量、木质素和戊聚糖含量以及提取物含量进行了分析。使用油菜籽粕为基础的粘合剂对IB和CS的密度达到140 kg/m³产生了很好的效果。尽管如此,ST-WA仍有改进的地方。
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引用次数: 1
Correlation between Voids Ratio and Characteristic Responses to Ultrasonic Pulses Through Sandy Soils 超声脉冲穿透沙质土孔隙率与特性响应的相关性研究
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.5539/JMSR.V9N3P13
F. V. Gonçalves, D. N. F. Leite, J. Castro
The microporous structure of granular soils that provides important information such as shear strength, compressibility, and hydraulic conductivity, is directly influenced by the void ratio. Therefore, a quick identification of the void ratio, by a non-destructively way and in situ becomes an interesting practice. Ultrasound has been successfully used for ceramic materials, wood, concrete and rocks. When dealing with soils, great efforts are made to understand its behavior and characteristics through wave propagation velocity. However, does still have a lack of discussions about the ultrasonic wave properties. In this paper, a study analysing 156 saturated samples of sands by ultrasound for 3 median particle size, with void ratio ranging from 0.5 to 1.1. The ultrasonic wave measurement was performed using the transmit and receiveand technique, with 50 kHz transducers. The study demonstrates a possibility of identifying transition zones between sample’s materials composition. Considering the same dominant medium, a correlation was observed among the void ratio and the maximum amplitude, the damping coefficient, dominant frequency and ultrasonic pulse speed. There is also the identification of characteristic frequencies for these media. Therefore, the novelties of the present study are mainly the development of a feasible technique to investigate void ratio of granular saturated soils using direct measurements of the ultrasonic wave characteristics.
孔隙率直接影响颗粒土的微孔结构,它提供了诸如抗剪强度、压缩性和水力导电性等重要信息。因此,通过非破坏性的方式和原位快速识别孔隙比成为一种有趣的实践。超声波已成功地用于陶瓷材料、木材、混凝土和岩石。在处理土壤时,人们努力通过波的传播速度来了解土壤的行为和特征。然而,关于超声波的特性,目前还缺乏讨论。本文对156个饱和砂土样品进行了超声分析,其中孔隙比为0.5 ~ 1.1,粒径中值为3。超声波测量采用发射和接收技术,采用50 kHz换能器。该研究证明了确定样品材料组成之间过渡区域的可能性。在相同优势介质条件下,孔隙比与最大振幅、阻尼系数、优势频率和超声脉冲速度呈正相关关系。还有识别这些介质的特征频率。因此,本研究的新颖之处主要是开发一种可行的方法,利用直接测量超声波特性来研究颗粒状饱和土的孔隙率。
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引用次数: 2
Adsorption Characteristics of Zeolite A Synthesized from Wassa Kaolin for Thermal Energy Storage 瓦萨高岭土合成A型沸石的吸附特性研究
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.5539/JMSR.V9N3P21
L. K. Labik, B. Kwakye-Awuah, E. Abavare, B. Sefa-Ntiri, I. Nkrumah, Craig Williams
Zeolites based on the numerous applications can be utilised in providing solutions to some challenges of our world. With the ability to store thermal energy as chemical potential, zeolites are able to store thermal energy for long periods. This can occur with very minimal loss of energy and indefinitely unless the zeolite comes into contact with an adsorbate. The use of zeolite - water as adsorbent - adsorbate pair in thermal energy storage (TES) applications have been studied and have shown good results. However, the cost of zeolites synthesized from reagents continue to hamper the effective use of this adsorbent. Zeolite A was synthesized from kaolin from Wassa in Ghana based on a modified synthesis route. The adsorption properties of the zeolite utilising a designed and fabricated TES system using amounts of 100g, 200g, 300g, 400g and 500g of zeolite with a 1:1.5 ratio to water. Adsorption isosteres were plotted with the temperature and pressure values recorded and results showed correlation to adsorption behaviour of zeolites. Langmuir adsorption isotherms with r-squared values greater than 90% confirmed the affinity of water for zeolites. isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated with the minimum being 5,655.84 J/g and the maximum being 8,113.44 J/g. This confirms that the Zeolite A synthesized from Was kaolin has the structural properties needed for TES applications.
基于众多的应用,沸石可以用来为我们世界的一些挑战提供解决方案。沸石具有以化学势形式储存热能的能力,因此能够长时间储存热能。这可以发生在极小的能量损失和无限,除非沸石接触到吸附质。研究了沸石-水作为吸附剂-吸附物对在储热系统中的应用,并取得了良好的效果。然而,从试剂合成沸石的成本继续阻碍这种吸附剂的有效利用。以加纳Wassa地区的高岭土为原料,根据改进的合成路线合成了A型沸石。沸石的吸附性能采用设计和制造的TES系统,沸石用量为100g、200g、300g、400g和500g,沸石与水的比例为1:1.5。用记录的温度和压力值绘制了吸附等值线图,结果显示了沸石吸附行为的相关性。Langmuir吸附等温线的r平方值大于90%,证实了水对沸石的亲和力。计算出等容吸附热,最小值为5,655.84 J/g,最大值为8,113.44 J/g。这证实了由Was高岭土合成的A型沸石具有TES应用所需的结构特性。
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引用次数: 1
Microstructure Refinement for Fe-34Mn-10Al-0.76C Alloy Using Variable Pulsing Magnetic Field (PMF) Solidification 可变脉冲磁场(PMF)凝固Fe-34Mn-10Al-0.76C合金的组织细化
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.5539/JMSR.V9N3P1
E. Almeshaiei, Lubanah Ahmad, Ibrahim Elgarhi
Background: The effect of the pulsed electromagnetic fields with different fluxes (voltages) on the microstructure of an alloy during all stages of solidification under specified thermal conditions will be discussed in this project. Experiments were carried out in the university laboratory for this purpose. The optical scanning, electron microscopy scanning, and dispersed X-ray analysis methods were used to analyze the results of the micro-solidification formulations of the alloy with different fluxes. To perform the required evaluation, a control sample was tested without any treatment, then the results of every flux were compared with the results of this control sample. The applied magnetics flux and Lorentz forces were considered as the main reasons for the achieved grain refining and diffusion of the improved solubility in the sample. The fully equiaxed dendritic structure has been realized for the aluminum alloys at 180 Volts flux. Lorentz's strong force, induced by the magnetic field, deactivates the developing direction of the bifurcation (dendrites), as well as spoils the directions of growing the intermetallic alloy, as a result of the formation of solid microstructures. Further refinements were achieved, by increasing the voltages. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pulsed electromagnetic field is a promising technique that can be utilized in the metallurgy evolution. The effect of PMF with different fluxes on the microstructure of the Fe-34Mn-10Al-0.76C alloy samples will be examined experimentally using optical scanning, EDX and SEM and by applying various analysis techniques. Then, compared with the control sample that don’t treated with any PMF. The initial dendrites growth direction and size were changed according to the PMF flux. Also, the lengths of the initial dendrites were reduced by increasing the voltage, which led to the formation of different dendrite equiaxed grains. The PMF flux affects the initial dendrites growth direction and size. While, increasing the PMF voltage reduces the lengths of the initial dendrites. Moreover, the PMF has a great impact on diffusion of solute through solidification that then influences the formation of eutectic microstructural.
背景:本课题将研究不同通量(电压)脉冲电磁场对合金在特定热条件下凝固各阶段组织的影响。为此目的,在大学实验室里进行了实验。采用光学扫描、电镜扫描和分散x射线分析等方法对不同熔剂的合金微凝固配方进行了分析。为了进行所需的评估,在不进行任何处理的情况下对对照样品进行测试,然后将每种通量的结果与该对照样品的结果进行比较。外加磁通量和洛伦兹力是晶粒细化和溶解度扩散的主要原因。在180伏磁通下,铝合金实现了完全等轴的枝晶结构。由磁场诱导的洛伦兹强作用力使分岔(枝晶)的发展方向失活,同时破坏了金属间合金的生长方向,从而形成固体显微组织。进一步的改进是通过增加电压来实现的。因此,脉冲电磁场是一种很有前途的冶金演化技术。采用光学扫描、EDX和SEM等多种分析技术,研究不同熔点PMF对Fe-34Mn-10Al-0.76C合金试样显微组织的影响。然后,与未使用任何PMF处理的对照样品进行比较。初始枝晶的生长方向和大小随PMF通量的变化而变化。电压的升高使初始枝晶的长度减小,从而形成不同的枝晶等轴晶。PMF通量影响初始枝晶的生长方向和尺寸。增加PMF电压会减小初始枝晶的长度。此外,PMF对溶质在凝固过程中的扩散有很大影响,进而影响共晶组织的形成。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Materials Science Research
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