M. Syed, Tierney Crosby, Marcus Frierson, Miara Hurd, Jamil Muhammad, Brianna Taylor, Taj Thompson, Madihazaman Syeda, Jolaikha Sultana, Md Farhan Azim
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have been deposited on Corning 7059 glass and Fused quartz silicate substrates using Sol-Gel spinning coating technique. The effect of annealing temperature on the structure, surface morphology, optical and electrical properties of these films are characterized by Raman, XRD, FT/IR, UVvis and four-point-probes measurements. On glass substrates, there are four Raman active bands are observed: 3Anatase [A<149 cm-1>, A<523 cm-1> and A<646 cm-1>] and 1 Rutile B<401 cm-1>. On silica substrates, additional two more bands which are R<859 cm-1> and B<1068 cm-1> detected. The deposited films show polycrystalline nature with high XRD intensity peaks in (110), (200) and (211) orientation corresponding to anatase and rutile phases respectively with tetragonal BCC structure. The other orientations (101), (111), (210), (211), (220), (201), (002), (204) and (116) are also observed for all films with low intensities. XRD crystal sizes are found to increase with increasing annealing temperature on both substrates. Maximum crystal sizes are found to be ~31 nm on silica substrates and ~23 nm on glass substrates at 500 oC. On glass substrate, TiO2 thin film shows the agglomeration of various non- uniform flaky-type of structures. On silica substrate, the FESEM micrographs shows the following observations: (i) particles are spherical in shape with forming different islands (ii) particles are soft agglomerates/spongy in nature with uniform surface, (iii) each spherical agglomerate contains many particles in the nanometric range and (iv) the agglomerate size is in between 40 and 110 nm. FE-SEM TiO2 particles size distribution at 500 oC showed that the average particle size is 89.55 and 110.35 nm on glass and silica substrates respectively.
{"title":"Structural and Electronic Impact on Various Substrates of TiO2 Thin Film Using Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method","authors":"M. Syed, Tierney Crosby, Marcus Frierson, Miara Hurd, Jamil Muhammad, Brianna Taylor, Taj Thompson, Madihazaman Syeda, Jolaikha Sultana, Md Farhan Azim","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v13n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v13n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have been deposited on Corning 7059 glass and Fused quartz silicate substrates using Sol-Gel spinning coating technique. The effect of annealing temperature on the structure, surface morphology, optical and electrical properties of these films are characterized by Raman, XRD, FT/IR, UVvis and four-point-probes measurements. On glass substrates, there are four Raman active bands are observed: 3Anatase [A<149 cm-1>, A<523 cm-1> and A<646 cm-1>] and 1 Rutile B<401 cm-1>. On silica substrates, additional two more bands which are R<859 cm-1> and B<1068 cm-1> detected. The deposited films show polycrystalline nature with high XRD intensity peaks in (110), (200) and (211) orientation corresponding to anatase and rutile phases respectively with tetragonal BCC structure. The other orientations (101), (111), (210), (211), (220), (201), (002), (204) and (116) are also observed for all films with low intensities. XRD crystal sizes are found to increase with increasing annealing temperature on both substrates. Maximum crystal sizes are found to be ~31 nm on silica substrates and ~23 nm on glass substrates at 500 oC. On glass substrate, TiO2 thin film shows the agglomeration of various non- uniform flaky-type of structures. On silica substrate, the FESEM micrographs shows the following observations: (i) particles are spherical in shape with forming different islands (ii) particles are soft agglomerates/spongy in nature with uniform surface, (iii) each spherical agglomerate contains many particles in the nanometric range and (iv) the agglomerate size is in between 40 and 110 nm. FE-SEM TiO2 particles size distribution at 500 oC showed that the average particle size is 89.55 and 110.35 nm on glass and silica substrates respectively.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of the work hardening variation with stress reveals insight to operative stress-strain mechanisms in material systems. The onset of plasticity can be assessed and related to ensuing plastic deformation up to the structural instability using one constitutive relationship that incorporates both behaviors of rapid work hardening (Stage 3) and the asymptotic leveling of stress (Stage 4). Results are presented for the mechanical behavior analysis of Ti-6Al-4V wherein the work hardening variation of Stages 3 and 4 are found to: be dependent through a constitutive relationship; be useful in a Hall-Petch formulation of yield strength; and provide the basis for a two point-slope fit method to model the experimental work hardening and stress-strain behavior.
{"title":"On the Onset of Plasticity: Determination of Strength and Ductility","authors":"Alan F. Jankowski","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v13n1p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v13n1p16","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the work hardening variation with stress reveals insight to operative stress-strain mechanisms in material systems. The onset of plasticity can be assessed and related to ensuing plastic deformation up to the structural instability using one constitutive relationship that incorporates both behaviors of rapid work hardening (Stage 3) and the asymptotic leveling of stress (Stage 4). Results are presented for the mechanical behavior analysis of Ti-6Al-4V wherein the work hardening variation of Stages 3 and 4 are found to: be dependent through a constitutive relationship; be useful in a Hall-Petch formulation of yield strength; and provide the basis for a two point-slope fit method to model the experimental work hardening and stress-strain behavior.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"118 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to formulate a new composite material for road pavement by combining asphalt concrete with waste plastic bags (WPB). The study focused on enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of the composite materials by adding varying proportion of WPB. WPB is prepared simply by cleaning and melting them at 300 °C. Then, the melted WPB is mixed with asphalt at 170 °C for 2 to 3 minutes. The resulting mixtures contained different content of WPB by weight such as 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%,15wt% and 20wt%. The homogenized mixtures underwent penetration and softening point tests. Additionally, Marshall stability tests were conducted with 0/14 aggregates, along with asphalt concrete (AC) flow tests, Duriez stability reports, and AC compacity tests. The water content of AC was also examined. The results show that as the content of WPB increased, penetration values exhibited a consistent linear decrease. The incorporation of WPB resulted in an average increase of 22.64% in the softening point of asphalt. Increasing the content of WPB led to an average 72.07% rise in Marshall stability, accompanied by a concurrent 29.47% decrease in AC flow. In addition, at 10wt% WPB incorporation, there was an optimal Voids in Mineral Aggregates (VIM) value of 2.07%. The Duriez test revealed an average increase of 15.18% in the stability of asphalt concrete. The compacity of asphalt concrete (AC) experienced an increase, and concurrently, the AC water content also increased. Conclusively, the incorporation of melted WPB effectively improved the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt, showcasing promising prospects for road pavement applications. The study suggests that the polymer-modified asphalt is achieved with WPB loading optimal ranging from 5wt% to 10wt%. This innovative approach holds potential significance, especially in underdeveloped countries where there is an abundant supply of waste plastic bags.
这项研究的目的是将沥青混凝土与废塑料袋（WPB）结合起来，配制出一种新的路面复合材料。研究重点是通过添加不同比例的废塑料袋来提高复合材料的物理和机械性能。废塑料袋的制备方法很简单，只需清洗并在 300 °C 下熔化即可。然后，在 170 °C 下将熔化的可湿性粉末袋与沥青混合 2 至 3 分钟。得到的混合物含有不同重量百分比的可湿性粉末，如 0wt%、5wt%、10wt%、15wt% 和 20wt%。均化后的混合物进行了渗透和软化点测试。此外，还对 0/14 骨料进行了马歇尔稳定性试验，以及沥青混凝土（AC）流动性试验、杜里兹稳定性报告和 AC 韧性试验。此外，还对沥青混凝土的含水量进行了检测。结果表明，随着 WPB 含量的增加，渗透值呈现出一致的线性下降趋势。掺入可湿性粉剂后，沥青的软化点平均提高了 22.64%。增加 WPB 的含量可使马歇尔稳定性平均提高 72.07%，同时 AC 流量降低 29.47%。此外，在 WPB 含量为 10wt% 的情况下，矿物集料中的最佳空隙（VIM）值为 2.07%。Duriez 试验表明，沥青混凝土的稳定性平均提高了 15.18%。沥青混凝土（AC）的韧性增加了，同时 AC 的含水量也增加了。总之，掺入熔融可湿性沥青有效地改善了沥青的物理和机械性能，为道路铺装应用展示了广阔的前景。研究表明，聚合物改性沥青的最佳 WPB 添加量为 5wt% 至 10wt%。这种创新方法具有潜在的意义，尤其是在废塑料袋供应充足的不发达国家。
{"title":"Investigation to enhanced Physical and Mechanical Properties of Road Pavement in Asphalt Incorporating Low-Density Waste Plastic Bags","authors":"Etienne Malbila, Ertha Z.G. Awandza, Yasmine Binta Traore, Justin Kinda, Sié Kam","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v13n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v13n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to formulate a new composite material for road pavement by combining asphalt concrete with waste plastic bags (WPB). The study focused on enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of the composite materials by adding varying proportion of WPB. WPB is prepared simply by cleaning and melting them at 300 °C. Then, the melted WPB is mixed with asphalt at 170 °C for 2 to 3 minutes. The resulting mixtures contained different content of WPB by weight such as 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%,15wt% and 20wt%. The homogenized mixtures underwent penetration and softening point tests. Additionally, Marshall stability tests were conducted with 0/14 aggregates, along with asphalt concrete (AC) flow tests, Duriez stability reports, and AC compacity tests. The water content of AC was also examined. The results show that as the content of WPB increased, penetration values exhibited a consistent linear decrease. The incorporation of WPB resulted in an average increase of 22.64% in the softening point of asphalt. Increasing the content of WPB led to an average 72.07% rise in Marshall stability, accompanied by a concurrent 29.47% decrease in AC flow. In addition, at 10wt% WPB incorporation, there was an optimal Voids in Mineral Aggregates (VIM) value of 2.07%. The Duriez test revealed an average increase of 15.18% in the stability of asphalt concrete. The compacity of asphalt concrete (AC) experienced an increase, and concurrently, the AC water content also increased. Conclusively, the incorporation of melted WPB effectively improved the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt, showcasing promising prospects for road pavement applications. The study suggests that the polymer-modified asphalt is achieved with WPB loading optimal ranging from 5wt% to 10wt%. This innovative approach holds potential significance, especially in underdeveloped countries where there is an abundant supply of waste plastic bags.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why are there simple metals with positive thermopower? Why are there metals with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity? What is the reason for the Mooij correlation and the Giant Hall effect? These are questions that have not yet been answered with the known transport theories (Mizutani, 2001, pp. 474). However, they can be answered by considering the phenomenon of phase separation connected with an electron transfer between the phases. In this paper answers are proposed to these questions mentioned. Answers to other fundamental problems/questions are proposed in the recently published book (Sonntag, 2023).
{"title":"Electron Theory of Metals - Answers to Unsolved Problems/Questions","authors":"Joachim Sonntag","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p103","url":null,"abstract":"Why are there simple metals with positive thermopower? Why are there metals with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity? What is the reason for the Mooij correlation and the Giant Hall effect? \u0000These are questions that have not yet been answered with the known transport theories (Mizutani, 2001, pp. 474). However, they can be answered by considering the phenomenon of phase separation connected with an electron transfer between the phases. In this paper answers are proposed to these questions mentioned. Answers to other fundamental problems/questions are proposed in the recently published book (Sonntag, 2023).","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The service life of reinforced concrete constitutes the initiation and propagation period. Accelerated corrosion tests are carried out to obtain results in modelling the Service life of reinforced concrete structures. Its erroneous to undertake a direct linear extrapolation of accelerated test results to real structures in predicting their service life. This research examines the relationship between the result from accelerated corrosion and real reinforced concrete water structures. The physical and chemical properties of the materials used in the study were investigated for compliance for use in reinforced concrete water structures. Concrete of three classes M25, M30 and M35 were used to cast accelerated corrosion test samples. For each class 9 concrete samples of diameter 100 mm,130 mm and 150mm respectively and 300mm long were prepared. A 10 mm diameter bar,400mm long was centrally inserted during casting. After curing the test samples were immersed in a 3.5% solution of sodium chloride solution under 6 V. The accelerated corrosion specimens were monitored for onset of cracks and stopped when the cracks were 0.2 mm in width. Using the accelerated corrosion and real reinforced concrete results, a parametric study of the propagation period was done and a model proposed. From the results the proposed and published propagation period model compares well. The result from accelerated corrosion and real reinforced concrete water structures lineally increase for the propagation period. The proposed model can be considered as an input parameter for the service life of actual reinforced concrete water structures and contribute to their optimum performance.
{"title":"Correlation of Accelerated Corrosion and Real Reinforced Concrete Water Structures","authors":"Philip Mogire","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p88","url":null,"abstract":"The service life of reinforced concrete constitutes the initiation and propagation period. Accelerated corrosion tests are carried out to obtain results in modelling the Service life of reinforced concrete structures. Its erroneous to undertake a direct linear extrapolation of accelerated test results to real structures in predicting their service life. This research examines the relationship between the result from accelerated corrosion and real reinforced concrete water structures. The physical and chemical properties of the materials used in the study were investigated for compliance for use in reinforced concrete water structures. Concrete of three classes M25, M30 and M35 were used to cast accelerated corrosion test samples. For each class 9 concrete samples of diameter 100 mm,130 mm and 150mm respectively and 300mm long were prepared. A 10 mm diameter bar,400mm long was centrally inserted during casting. After curing the test samples were immersed in a 3.5% solution of sodium chloride solution under 6 V. The accelerated corrosion specimens were monitored for onset of cracks and stopped when the cracks were 0.2 mm in width. Using the accelerated corrosion and real reinforced concrete results, a parametric study of the propagation period was done and a model proposed. From the results the proposed and published propagation period model compares well. The result from accelerated corrosion and real reinforced concrete water structures lineally increase for the propagation period. The proposed model can be considered as an input parameter for the service life of actual reinforced concrete water structures and contribute to their optimum performance.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"163 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86662459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The degradation of the long-term rupture strength of ASME Grade 122 steel occurs earlier than that of Grade 92 steel. To investigate the reasons for this phenomenon, the long-term creep curves of Grade 122 steel pipe, plate, and tube product forms were analyzed by applying an exponential law to the temperature, stress, and time parameters. The activation energy (Q), activation volume (V), and Larson–Miller constant (C) were obtained as functions of creep strain. All Q, V, and C (QVC) decreased simultaneously with an increase in creep strain during the transient creep in a data group (Gr.IIIa), where an unexpected drop in the long-term rupture strength was experienced. Metallurgical considerations of the variations in QVC meant that “heterogeneous recovery and heterogeneous deformation” (HRHD) should occur during the simultaneous decreases in QVC. The Z-phase is easily formed by the consumption of the strengthening particles of MX in the HRHD zone, which causes the degradation of the long-term strength of Grade 122 steel. The higher hardness of Grade 122 steels promotes the coarsening of the Laves phase particles and, in addition to this, the amount of MX inside the subgrains is estimated to be less than Grade 92 steel, which cause severe HRHD and the resultant degradation in rupture strength compared to Grade 92 steel. In a data group subjected to lower stresses than those of Gr.IIIa, the degradation rate is mitigated, and a deformation mechanism was proposed. The improvement in the long-term rupture strength of Grade 122 steel was also discussed.
{"title":"The Degradation in Creep Strength of ASME Grade 122 Steel","authors":"M. Tamura, F. Abe","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of the long-term rupture strength of ASME Grade 122 steel occurs earlier than that of Grade 92 steel. To investigate the reasons for this phenomenon, the long-term creep curves of Grade 122 steel pipe, plate, and tube product forms were analyzed by applying an exponential law to the temperature, stress, and time parameters. The activation energy (Q), activation volume (V), and Larson–Miller constant (C) were obtained as functions of creep strain. All Q, V, and C (QVC) decreased simultaneously with an increase in creep strain during the transient creep in a data group (Gr.IIIa), where an unexpected drop in the long-term rupture strength was experienced. Metallurgical considerations of the variations in QVC meant that “heterogeneous recovery and heterogeneous deformation” (HRHD) should occur during the simultaneous decreases in QVC. The Z-phase is easily formed by the consumption of the strengthening particles of MX in the HRHD zone, which causes the degradation of the long-term strength of Grade 122 steel. The higher hardness of Grade 122 steels promotes the coarsening of the Laves phase particles and, in addition to this, the amount of MX inside the subgrains is estimated to be less than Grade 92 steel, which cause severe HRHD and the resultant degradation in rupture strength compared to Grade 92 steel. In a data group subjected to lower stresses than those of Gr.IIIa, the degradation rate is mitigated, and a deformation mechanism was proposed. The improvement in the long-term rupture strength of Grade 122 steel was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85118279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ahouet, Sylvain Ndinga Okina, Adolphe Ekouya, F. Taillandier
The scarcity of road materials that can be used directly in the sub-base layer of a road without preparation has led to the use of non-conventional materials. This study describes the feasibility of using hydrated lime-treated cubitermes sp termite mound soils for road construction, based on laboratory tests. Tests of Atterberg limits, dry density, CBR, compressive strength, static modulus and measurement of sinking of the material under traffic were carried out with different proportions of lime (0%, 3%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 9%). The results obtained show that the mechanical properties of soil-lime mixtures improve up to the point of lime fixation at 6% and that above 6% lime, the mechanical properties decrease. The traffic simulation at the rut shows that for the 6% lime mix, microcracks appear from 20.000 cycles and that the average settlement is 2 mm. The friction of the grains under the stresses developed by the passage of the wheel reduces the mechanical bonds of the soil-lime mixture. The rigidity of the material leads to the induced slab effect, which gives the material good behavior in hot weather, without strain or rutting. The mechanical connections during the setting of the soil-lime mixture reduce the friction of the grains under the stresses developed by the wheel. Lime welds the fines into much larger, more or less impermeable particles on the surface, which reduces the crumbling of the material by attrition, a major cause of pavement deterioration. The optimal mix can be used as a sub-base layer or wearing course for low-traffic earth roads (T1 < 300) and for the treatment of the upper parts of embankments. All these results are consolidated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Structural Performance of Lime-Stabilized cubitermes sp Termite Mound Soil as a Sub-Base Layer for Sustainable Pavements","authors":"L. Ahouet, Sylvain Ndinga Okina, Adolphe Ekouya, F. Taillandier","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n2p73","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of road materials that can be used directly in the sub-base layer of a road without preparation has led to the use of non-conventional materials. This study describes the feasibility of using hydrated lime-treated cubitermes sp termite mound soils for road construction, based on laboratory tests. Tests of Atterberg limits, dry density, CBR, compressive strength, static modulus and measurement of sinking of the material under traffic were carried out with different proportions of lime (0%, 3%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 9%). The results obtained show that the mechanical properties of soil-lime mixtures improve up to the point of lime fixation at 6% and that above 6% lime, the mechanical properties decrease. The traffic simulation at the rut shows that for the 6% lime mix, microcracks appear from 20.000 cycles and that the average settlement is 2 mm. The friction of the grains under the stresses developed by the passage of the wheel reduces the mechanical bonds of the soil-lime mixture. The rigidity of the material leads to the induced slab effect, which gives the material good behavior in hot weather, without strain or rutting. The mechanical connections during the setting of the soil-lime mixture reduce the friction of the grains under the stresses developed by the wheel. Lime welds the fines into much larger, more or less impermeable particles on the surface, which reduces the crumbling of the material by attrition, a major cause of pavement deterioration. The optimal mix can be used as a sub-base layer or wearing course for low-traffic earth roads (T1 < 300) and for the treatment of the upper parts of embankments. All these results are consolidated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90681816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Segneninhintenin Bakary Soro, M. Coulibaly, Legre Paul Gauly, Seiny Roger N’Dri, Ali Sanou, A. Trokourey
The utilization of clay minerals as electrode modifiers is based on their unique structure and properties. In this study, clays from various regions of Côte d'Ivoire were characterized for their potential use in developing electrochemical sensors. The clay samples underwent analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results from XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XRF indicated that kaolinite was the primary component mineral phase in all samples. These clays were then employed as modifying agents to prepare modified carbon paste electrodes, and the electrochemical behavior of ferri/ferrocyanide was studied via cyclic voltammetry on the modified electrodes. The composite electrodes generated from clays and carbon pastes exhibited a well-defined redox peak of ferri/ferrocyanide and appeared to be more sensitive than bare carbon paste electrodes.
{"title":"Characterization of Clay Materials from Côte d’Ivoire: Possible Application for the Electrochemical Analysis","authors":"Segneninhintenin Bakary Soro, M. Coulibaly, Legre Paul Gauly, Seiny Roger N’Dri, Ali Sanou, A. Trokourey","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v12n1p51","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of clay minerals as electrode modifiers is based on their unique structure and properties. In this study, clays from various regions of Côte d'Ivoire were characterized for their potential use in developing electrochemical sensors. The clay samples underwent analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results from XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XRF indicated that kaolinite was the primary component mineral phase in all samples. These clays were then employed as modifying agents to prepare modified carbon paste electrodes, and the electrochemical behavior of ferri/ferrocyanide was studied via cyclic voltammetry on the modified electrodes. The composite electrodes generated from clays and carbon pastes exhibited a well-defined redox peak of ferri/ferrocyanide and appeared to be more sensitive than bare carbon paste electrodes.","PeriodicalId":16111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79258496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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