Journal of long-term effects of medical implants最新文献

Understanding the microbiological makeup of peri-implant biofilm could contribute to the discovery of focused treatment strategies, improving the outcome of peri-implantitis management. However, the bacterial profile in diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci is still unclear. This systematic review aims to analyze the microbiological similarities and differences between diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci based on the available literature evidence. A thorough search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, as well as a manual search employing the eligibility criteria. After a thorough review, studies evaluating the microbial composition acquired from plaque samples obtained from patients with diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci were chosen. The selected 8 studies evaluated the differences in microbial profile in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Five studies found a statistically significant variation in the microbial profile between diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci, while in one study, no changes in the microbiology of inflammatory peri-implant and periodontal sites were observed. In one of the two in situ studies, the structure of the transcription level and core species was different in peri-implantitis, whereas the other in situ study found that the 16S rRNA-based bacterial profile of both the diseases were different, while the functional genes, taxonomic, and virulence factor mRNA profiles were identical. According to existing studies, significant differences in the biofilm composition of diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci were observed. Therefore, periodontitis and peri-implantitis have diverse microbial characteristics.

Implants that can be used in the prosthetic rehabilitation of full and partial edentulous patients are now frequently used due to advances in dentistry. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of implant supported fixed vs. removable prosthesis and associated quality of life evaluation. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in an institution, on randomly selected individuals. The study group consisted of adult patients who attended the outpatient Department of Prosthodontics from June 2019-March 2020. Eighty-six thousand (86,000) case sheets were evaluated and Chi-square test, independent t-test and frequency analysis were used to explore the relationship between two variables. Out of the patients, 76.5% preferred fixed prosthesis while 23.5% chose removable prosthesis. Females preferred fixed prosthesis over removable. The young-old age group had more removable prosthesis compared to the middle- and elderly age group. Patients with implant supported fixed dental prosthesis had a better quality of life compared with patients with implant supported overdentures. Esthetic and functional rehabilitation is a preferred option females generally care more about their teeth and looks so wanted more fixed options. The young-old age group preferred removable prosthesis over fixed prosthesis. Patients with implant supported fixed dental prosthesis have a better quality of life compared with patients with implant supported overdentures.

Mini-implants were introduced as an alternative to standard implants for use in narrow alveolar ridges due to their smaller length and size. They are also used to provide anchorage in orthodontic treatments. Mini-implants offer simplified treatment procedures with a flat learning curve, low cost, and a possible flapless surgical procedure that can decrease post-surgical morbidity. Before being implemented into clinical practice, they were subjected to in vivo testing using animal models as is with all implant research. The biomechanical properties of mini-implants have earned them a high rate of acceptance in treatment among patients. In this review, we focus on mini-implants, extrapolation from mini-implant testing on animal models, and their latest use in dentistry.

Implant abutment connection has proven to have a significant impact on the success of the prosthetic rehabilitation for an implant-supported restoration. This connection not only provides the base on which the restoration is supported but also maintains the integrity of the hard and the soft tissues surrounding the implant. A wide range of implants and their implant abutments are now widely available in the market. Such a wide range would undoubtedly put the clinician in a quandary when it comes to selecting an acceptable abutment, one that is scientifically based and also has a high clinical rate of success. As a result, this study is a straightforward attempt to assess the knowledge of the dental specialists practicing implantology on the areas of implant abutment connections as well as platform switching. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge on various implant abutment and platform switching among various dental specialists practicing implantology. An online multiple-choice questionnaire based survey was circulated amongst a total of 100 dental specialists with questions assessing their knowledge about implant-abutment connections, platform switching and its significance. Although the degree of information about implant-abutment connection and platform switching appears to be appropriate among various dental specialists practicing implantology, there is a dearth of understanding regarding the mechanical, biological and technical considerations. With the advent of various implant manufacturer and their production of implants as well as their components, the clinicians are undoubtedly put in a quandary when it comes to selecting an acceptable abutment, one that is scientifically based and also has a high clinical rate of success. Therefore, more light must be thrown not only on the surgical aspects of implant dentistry, but also on the prosthetic rehabilitation and its components, in order to ensure clinical success in terms of restoring a patient's function as well as aesthetic.

A simulated fracture model was used to determine the ability of the medial and lateral patellar facet views in detecting magnitudes of articular displacement. Transverse patellar fractures were simulated in ten patients. Medial and lateral translation of the distal fragment were evaluated in 1 mm increments and rotational malalignment along the longitudinal axis of the patella was evaluated in 5 mm increments. In comparison to the true lateral view, the utilization of the medial and lateral patellar facet views considerably improves detection of occult articular surface malreduction.

Recent literature has determined that operative times for the obese population are greater for both elective and nonelective orthopedic procedures. If time allotted for a given surgical procedure is used as a measure of procedural difficulty, then consideration can be given for using an additional coding modifier (i.e., Modifier 22) for the increased skill and effort associated with longer procedures. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who underwent surgical treatment for an acute fracture about the pelvis at an urban level-1 trauma center from October 1, 2010 through October 31, 2018. After allowing for both inclusion and exclusion criteria, 102 patients with acetabular fractures and 55 patients with pelvic ring injuries were included in this investigation. The obese population within the acetabular fracture cohort demonstrated significantly longer mean times for the duration of surgery, total time in spent in the operating room, and duration under anesthesia (P values of 0.038, 0.05 and 0.035, respectively). Similar results were observed with the pelvic ring injury cohort, with significantly longer procedural times (P = 0.019), total time in the operating room (P = 0.034), and total duration under anesthesia (P = 0.0395). A trend towards a greater risk of infection was found in obese patients (7%) when compared with nonobese patients (1.6%) within the acetabular fracture subset (P = 0.093). Operative duration for acetabular fractures and pelvic ring injuries is significantly longer in the obese population. Furthermore, this indicates that a Modifier 22 may be justified for the surgical treatment of these injuries in the obese and morbidly obese patient populations.

The aim of the study was to carry out a structured review of studies that dealt with types of implant abutment connections, the concept of platform switching and its influence on hard and soft oral tissues. Electronic search was conducted over PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase to find articles dealing with Implant abutment connection and platform switching. We came across a total of 248 articles, which were filtered to a cumulative 19 articles after cross matching with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the available literature gravitates in favor of an internal connection with the incorporation of platform switching to attain satisfactory hard and soft tissue outcomes.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder of the infant age. Its incidence ranges from 0.06/1000 to 76.1/1000 live births and is more frequent in female infants. Breech position, family history and firstborn children are the main risk factors for DDH and this disorder is also associated with the presence of other congenital deformities. Anatomically, the acetabulum remains shallow and the femoral head grows in a wrong position. Clinical examination is important and tests such us Barlow and Ortolani give indications only for a part of the spectrum of this entity. Nowadays the sonographic examination is the most accurate option for the diagnosis. Graf classification categorizes the DDH cases in four types, from normal to dislocated hip, by description and measuring specific angles in sonographic examination. The wide usage of ultrasonography has decreased the non-diagnosed or neglected cases; treatment begins immediately in young age and is usually conservative with the usage of devices such as Pavlik harness and hip spica. To enhance the literature, we searched for published studies on DDH, to summarize the pathogenesis and the diagnosis and to discuss the treatment and outcome of the patients with this disorder.