Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2026.3660759
{"title":"IEEE Women in Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3660759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3660759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 4","pages":"801-803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11372472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deployable quantum key distribution (QKD) for free-space link must be both reference frame tolerant and hardware compact, yet existing free-space implementations still rely on bulk optics and active alignment. To address this gap, we develop the first reference frame independent (RFI) QKD transmitter fully integrated on a photonic-integrated circuit (PIC) and packaged in a CFP2 optical-transceiver form factor. The PIC incorporates a six-channel laser diode array, a six-channel variable optical attenuator array, and a polarization beam combiner, providing wavelength indistinguishability and high polarization fidelity. Combined with a micro-optics based polarization decoder and a bidirectional two-stage pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) system, the PIC transmitter forms a complete free-space RFI QKD system. Based on the system, RFI QKD is performed with 10 m free-space channel, providing that QBERs measured in the same basis are below 3.81 % and the security parameter is $1.77pm 0.02$ . This leads a stable secret key rate of $77.33pm text{1.65},text{kbps}$ for 100 s. These results verify the feasibility of PIC-based RFI QKD transmitter and establish a clear pathway toward fully deployable PIC-based QKD systems.
{"title":"Free-Space Reference Frame Independent Quantum Key Distribution System With Photonic Integrated Circuit-Based Transmitter","authors":"Kyongchun Lim;Minchul Kim;Byung-Seok Choi;Ju Hee Baek;Joong-Seon Choe;Kap-Joong Kim;Dong Churl Kim;Junsang Oh;Chun Ju Youn","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3651504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3651504","url":null,"abstract":"Deployable quantum key distribution (QKD) for free-space link must be both reference frame tolerant and hardware compact, yet existing free-space implementations still rely on bulk optics and active alignment. To address this gap, we develop the first reference frame independent (RFI) QKD transmitter fully integrated on a photonic-integrated circuit (PIC) and packaged in a CFP2 optical-transceiver form factor. The PIC incorporates a six-channel laser diode array, a six-channel variable optical attenuator array, and a polarization beam combiner, providing wavelength indistinguishability and high polarization fidelity. Combined with a micro-optics based polarization decoder and a bidirectional two-stage pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) system, the PIC transmitter forms a complete free-space RFI QKD system. Based on the system, RFI QKD is performed with 10 m free-space channel, providing that QBERs measured in the same basis are below 3.81 % and the security parameter is <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.77pm 0.02$</tex-math></inline-formula> . This leads a stable secret key rate of <inline-formula><tex-math>$77.33pm text{1.65},text{kbps}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for 100 s. These results verify the feasibility of PIC-based RFI QKD transmitter and establish a clear pathway toward fully deployable PIC-based QKD systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 3","pages":"1079-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM) is a promising route to drastically increase the capacity of optical wireless communication (OWC). However, the development of mode multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUXs/DeMUXs) that concurrently deliver low insertion loss and low inter-mode crosstalk over a wide optical band remains challenging. Moreover, while 800G coherent optical modules are commercially available, their use in ultra-high-capacity OWC systems lacks experimental validation. To address these issues, this work presents an integrated solution employing a novel multi-channel, MIMO-free spatial mode MUX/DeMUX based on multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) alongside commercial 800G coherent transponders for ultra-high capacity OWC system. This setup enables the first demonstration of a real-time OWC system with a net data rate of 204 Tb/s. The implemented mode MUX/DeMUX exhibits >27.91 dB isolation and power losses below 18.91 dB (C6T-band) and 18.71 dB (L6T-band), enabling MIMO-free operation. These results provide critical insights for future ultra-high-capacity OWC systems.
波分复用（WDM）和模分复用（MDM）相结合是大幅度提高光无线通信（OWC）容量的一条很有前途的途径。然而，在宽光波段同时提供低插入损耗和低模间串扰的模式多路复用器/解路复用器（MUXs/DeMUXs）的开发仍然具有挑战性。此外，虽然800G相干光模块在商业上可用，但它们在超高容量OWC系统中的应用缺乏实验验证。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种集成解决方案，该解决方案采用基于多平面光转换（MPLC）的新型多通道、无mimo空间模式MUX/DeMUX，以及用于超高容量OWC系统的商用800G相干转发器。该设置使实时OWC系统的首次演示具有204 Tb/s的净数据速率。实现的MUX/DeMUX模式具有bbb27.91 dB的隔离度，功率损耗低于18.91 dB （c6t频段）和18.71 dB （l6t频段），可实现无mimo操作。这些结果为未来的超高容量OWC系统提供了重要的见解。
{"title":"Real-Time 204 Tb/s Optical Wireless Connectivity Enabled by WDM/MDM and 800G Optical Modules","authors":"Songyuan Hu;Yunhong Liu;Peng Sun;Xumeng Liu;Juncheng Fang;Ting Lei;Shupeng Li;Ji Wang;Yuru Tang;Linbojie Huang;Xu Zhang;Zichen Liu;Wei Sun;Zhixue He;Chao Li","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2026.3651638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2026.3651638","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM) is a promising route to drastically increase the capacity of optical wireless communication (OWC). However, the development of mode multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUXs/DeMUXs) that concurrently deliver low insertion loss and low inter-mode crosstalk over a wide optical band remains challenging. Moreover, while 800G coherent optical modules are commercially available, their use in ultra-high-capacity OWC systems lacks experimental validation. To address these issues, this work presents an integrated solution employing a novel multi-channel, MIMO-free spatial mode MUX/DeMUX based on multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) alongside commercial 800G coherent transponders for ultra-high capacity OWC system. This setup enables the first demonstration of a real-time OWC system with a net data rate of 204 Tb/s. The implemented mode MUX/DeMUX exhibits >27.91 dB isolation and power losses below 18.91 dB (C6T-band) and 18.71 dB (L6T-band), enabling MIMO-free operation. These results provide critical insights for future ultra-high-capacity OWC systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 3","pages":"1125-1132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3649631
Shaobo Han;Ming-Fang Huang;Yaowen Li;Glenn A. Wellbrock;Tiejun J. Xia;Scott Kotria;Jeffrey A. Mundt;James M. Moore;Philip Ji;Tingfeng Li;Yuheng Chen;Ting Wang;Yoshiaki Aono
We present methods and field trial results demonstrating an integrated distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system for manhole localization, condition diagnostics, and anomaly detection in pre-deployed telecommunication fiber networks. The proposed system leverages ambient environmental signals, such as vibrational patterns from traffic and day-night temperature fluctuations, and machine learning techniques for automated detection. By combining DAS waterfall traces with temperature measurements from DTS, we achieve improved classification accuracy. Experimental results from three real-world testbeds in Texas and New Jersey show a significant improvement in classification accuracy—from 78.9% and 89.5% using DAS and DTS alone, respectively, to 94.7% via cross-referenced analysis. We propose a structured prediction formulation for manhole localization based on a U-Net architecture with a gated attention mechanism, where the label of each fiber location in the waterfall image is predicted using both its neighboring context and within-patch discriminative features. The method also supports cross-route generalization for manhole localization and enables condition diagnostics, identifying issues such as cable exposure and water ingress. These results highlight the potential for scalable deployment of fiber sensing solutions for real-time, continuous monitoring of telecom infrastructure.
{"title":"Manhole Localization and Condition Diagnostics in Telecom Networks Using Distributed Acoustic and Temperature Sensing","authors":"Shaobo Han;Ming-Fang Huang;Yaowen Li;Glenn A. Wellbrock;Tiejun J. Xia;Scott Kotria;Jeffrey A. Mundt;James M. Moore;Philip Ji;Tingfeng Li;Yuheng Chen;Ting Wang;Yoshiaki Aono","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3649631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3649631","url":null,"abstract":"We present methods and field trial results demonstrating an integrated distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system for manhole localization, condition diagnostics, and anomaly detection in pre-deployed telecommunication fiber networks. The proposed system leverages ambient environmental signals, such as vibrational patterns from traffic and day-night temperature fluctuations, and machine learning techniques for automated detection. By combining DAS waterfall traces with temperature measurements from DTS, we achieve improved classification accuracy. Experimental results from three real-world testbeds in Texas and New Jersey show a significant improvement in classification accuracy—from 78.9% and 89.5% using DAS and DTS alone, respectively, to 94.7% via cross-referenced analysis. We propose a structured prediction formulation for manhole localization based on a U-Net architecture with a gated attention mechanism, where the label of each fiber location in the waterfall image is predicted using both its neighboring context and within-patch discriminative features. The method also supports cross-route generalization for manhole localization and enables condition diagnostics, identifying issues such as cable exposure and water ingress. These results highlight the potential for scalable deployment of fiber sensing solutions for real-time, continuous monitoring of telecom infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 3","pages":"1086-1093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report high-performance frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sources for high-resolution and high-precision detections based on narrow-linewidth III-V/Si3N4 hybrid integrated external cavity lasers (ECLs). Through synchronously tuning the cavity filter and the phase shifter, a highly linear chirp with 21.8 GHz bandwidth is generated at 1 kHz repetition rate, allowing for a ranging resolution of 1.64 cm. Ranging over 10 wavelengths is demonstrated with the same modulation driving conditions, featuring an overall precision of 1.99 mm for a 10-m fiber. Furthermore, by employing a customized electro-optic phase-locked loop (EO-PLL) implemented on a printed circuit board for noise suppression, we achieve a highly linear frequency chirp with the nonlinearity reduced to 6.01×10−7. A precision improvement from 4.44 m to 10.28 cm over a 300-m range is achieved with the EO-PLL lock-on.
{"title":"High-Performance FMCW Ranging Empowered by III-V/Si3N4 Hybrid External Cavity Laser","authors":"Keyi Han;Yifan Xia;Yihao Fan;Xinhang Li;Ruiyang Xu;Yuyao Guo;Yanyang Zhou;Yu Li;Liangjun Lu;Wansu Bao;Jianping Chen;Linjie Zhou","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3644449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3644449","url":null,"abstract":"We report high-performance frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sources for high-resolution and high-precision detections based on narrow-linewidth III-V/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> hybrid integrated external cavity lasers (ECLs). Through synchronously tuning the cavity filter and the phase shifter, a highly linear chirp with 21.8 GHz bandwidth is generated at 1 kHz repetition rate, allowing for a ranging resolution of 1.64 cm. Ranging over 10 wavelengths is demonstrated with the same modulation driving conditions, featuring an overall precision of 1.99 mm for a 10-m fiber. Furthermore, by employing a customized electro-optic phase-locked loop (EO-PLL) implemented on a printed circuit board for noise suppression, we achieve a highly linear frequency chirp with the nonlinearity reduced to 6.01×10<sup>−7</sup>. A precision improvement from 4.44 m to 10.28 cm over a 300-m range is achieved with the EO-PLL lock-on.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"44 3","pages":"1068-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3641019
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3641019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3641019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 22","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3641087
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3641087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3641087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 24","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3641011
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3641011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3641011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 21","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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