Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3542660
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3542660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3542660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 3","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10899427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3542644
{"title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3542644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3542644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10899429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3533160
Chris Fludger;Roland Ryf;Dimitra Simeonidou;Jiajia Chen;Johannes Karl Fischer;Tetsuya Hayashi
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Introduction to the OFC 2024 Special Issue","authors":"Chris Fludger;Roland Ryf;Dimitra Simeonidou;Jiajia Chen;Johannes Karl Fischer;Tetsuya Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3533160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3533160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1500-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10891266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3539127
{"title":"2024 Index Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol. 42","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3539127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3539127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"42 24","pages":"8977-9187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10876778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3533911
Qin Liang;Xinghao Lai;Zhihao Li;Weijie Sheng;Lin Sun;Yi Cai;Gangxiang Shen;Gordon Ning Liu
The automotive industry is currently undergoing a revolution. Electrification, automation, and connectivity become major trends in future vehicles. Autonomous driving vehicles require a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings and rely on high-speed and reliable intra-vehicle networks (IVNs) for data transmission. As the number and performance of sensors increase and the IVN evolves from distributed architecture to domain centralized and zone centralized architecture, the demand for IVN data rates escalates. Optical fiber communication is a promising solution in IVN due to its high bandwidth, light weight, and good electromagnetic compatibility. However, the harsh environment in vehicles such as wide temperature range, vibration, dust and grease contamination poses a great challenge to employ optical fiber communication in IVN. To tackle this issue, novel intra-vehicle optical network configurations and technologies have been proposed. In addition, the development of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology will further improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Optical wireless communication can offer advantages over radio frequency technology for V2X communication.
{"title":"Optical Communications in Autonomous Driving Vehicles: Requirements, Challenges, and Opportunities","authors":"Qin Liang;Xinghao Lai;Zhihao Li;Weijie Sheng;Lin Sun;Yi Cai;Gangxiang Shen;Gordon Ning Liu","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3533911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3533911","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is currently undergoing a revolution. Electrification, automation, and connectivity become major trends in future vehicles. Autonomous driving vehicles require a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings and rely on high-speed and reliable intra-vehicle networks (IVNs) for data transmission. As the number and performance of sensors increase and the IVN evolves from distributed architecture to domain centralized and zone centralized architecture, the demand for IVN data rates escalates. Optical fiber communication is a promising solution in IVN due to its high bandwidth, light weight, and good electromagnetic compatibility. However, the harsh environment in vehicles such as wide temperature range, vibration, dust and grease contamination poses a great challenge to employ optical fiber communication in IVN. To tackle this issue, novel intra-vehicle optical network configurations and technologies have been proposed. In addition, the development of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology will further improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Optical wireless communication can offer advantages over radio frequency technology for V2X communication.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1690-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prowess of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to compute the exponentially growing data, coupled with the digital electronic AI computing systems reaching their physical plateaus, have stimulated extensive research into next-gen AI accelerators. Optical Neural Networks (ONNs) have been among the most favored candidates, since the unparalleled speed of light can provide massive compute parallelism by the physical dimensions of time, wavelength, and space, offering higher computational speeds and lower power consumption. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate novel time-space-wavelength multiplexed arrayed waveguided gratings router (AWGR)-based architectures exploited as photonic matrix- and tensor-multiplier engines achieving a total computational power of up to 163.8 TOPS. This marks a substantial ∼15x improvement over state-of-the-art waveguide-based optical accelerators. The two demonstrators were tested for three different NN applications, under two experimental testbeds. The matrix-multiplier was evaluated as a fully connected NN (FCNN), classifying images from the FMNIST dataset. An 8 × 8 AWGR was employed for providing the passive routing, with modulators driven at 10Gbaud, exhibiting a hardware-based inference accuracy of 87.1% with respect to the software. The tensor-multiplier, using a 16 × 16 AWGR, was evaluated as a FCNN and a convolutional NN (CNN), detecting DDoS attacks and classifying handwritten digits at 20 Gbaud. The experimental results exhibited a Cohen's kappa score of 0.799 for the DDoS detection and a classification accuracy of 93.35%, respectively.
{"title":"Reaching the Peta-Computing: 163.8 TOPS Through Multidimensional AWGR-Based Accelerators","authors":"Christos Pappas;Theodoros Moschos;Antonios Prapas;Manos Kirtas;Miltiadis Moralis-Pegios;Apostolos Tsakyridis;Odysseas Asimopoulos;Nikolaos Passalis;Anastasios Tefas;Nikos Pleros","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3532315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3532315","url":null,"abstract":"The prowess of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to compute the exponentially growing data, coupled with the digital electronic AI computing systems reaching their physical plateaus, have stimulated extensive research into next-gen AI accelerators. Optical Neural Networks (ONNs) have been among the most favored candidates, since the unparalleled speed of light can provide massive compute parallelism by the physical dimensions of time, wavelength, and space, offering higher computational speeds and lower power consumption. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate novel time-space-wavelength multiplexed arrayed waveguided gratings router (AWGR)-based architectures exploited as photonic matrix- and tensor-multiplier engines achieving a total computational power of up to 163.8 TOPS. This marks a substantial ∼15x improvement over state-of-the-art waveguide-based optical accelerators. The two demonstrators were tested for three different NN applications, under two experimental testbeds. The matrix-multiplier was evaluated as a fully connected NN (FCNN), classifying images from the FMNIST dataset. An 8 × 8 AWGR was employed for providing the passive routing, with modulators driven at 10Gbaud, exhibiting a hardware-based inference accuracy of 87.1% with respect to the software. The tensor-multiplier, using a 16 × 16 AWGR, was evaluated as a FCNN and a convolutional NN (CNN), detecting DDoS attacks and classifying handwritten digits at 20 Gbaud. The experimental results exhibited a Cohen's kappa score of 0.799 for the DDoS detection and a classification accuracy of 93.35%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1773-1785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3530275
Alan E. Willner;Huibin Zhou;Hongkun Lian;Yue Zuo;Zixun Zhao;Xinzhou Su;Hao Song
Free-space optical and THz communication systems have gained increasing interest in various applications. In such systems, simultaneous transmission of multiple orthogonal spatial modes, each carrying an independent data channel, can enhance the aggregate data rate. Due to the potential of lower size, weight, and power consumption, integrated circuits might play an important role in future deployments of mode-dependent free-space optical and THz links. In this article, we review various photonic and THz integrated circuits for mode generation/detection and (de)multiplexing in mode-dependent free-space optical and THz links. Three integrated structures, including micro-ring, antenna-array, and pixel-array structures, and their key properties (e.g., tunability, ability for multiplexing, and bandwidth) are discussed.
{"title":"Optical and THz Integrated Circuits for Mode-Dependent Free-Space Communications","authors":"Alan E. Willner;Huibin Zhou;Hongkun Lian;Yue Zuo;Zixun Zhao;Xinzhou Su;Hao Song","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3530275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3530275","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optical and THz communication systems have gained increasing interest in various applications. In such systems, simultaneous transmission of multiple orthogonal spatial modes, each carrying an independent data channel, can enhance the aggregate data rate. Due to the potential of lower size, weight, and power consumption, integrated circuits might play an important role in future deployments of mode-dependent free-space optical and THz links. In this article, we review various photonic and THz integrated circuits for mode generation/detection and (de)multiplexing in mode-dependent free-space optical and THz links. Three integrated structures, including micro-ring, antenna-array, and pixel-array structures, and their key properties (e.g., tunability, ability for multiplexing, and bandwidth) are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1652-1661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3530819
L. Gilli;G. Cossu;E. Ciaramella
In the last decades, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) emerged as a dominant technology for short-reach high-data rate networks thanks to several advantageous features. These include low power consumption, high modulation speeds, low costs, and compact size. More recently, these inherent characteristics of the VCSELs have also made them exceptionally suited for a variety of Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) applications, particularly for short-distance links, up to a few meters. This paper reviews a range of new and promising applications for VCSELs within emerging OWC domains: Data Centers (DCs), space, and harsh environment. We present and discuss different VCSEL-based OWC systems that were designed, implemented, and tested in these emerging scenarios. For the DCs scenario, we present a novel approach to establish OWC links able to reach data rates up to $text{40} ,{text{Gbit}}/{text{s}}$ with a single VCSEL. In the space environment, innovative OWC systems can support data communication among electronic elements placed in line-of-sight outside the spacecraft or inside a small satellite. VCSELs can be also exploited for data transmission in the very harsh environment of high-energy physics experiments. Here, a $text{10} ,{text{Gbit}}/{text{s}}$ OWC system was designed for the Board-to-Board (B2B) link in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Since space and HEP applications exhibit extreme conditions, the OWC systems and, particularly, the VCSELs were tested to assess their behavior under strong mechanical, thermal, and radiation stress.
{"title":"New Prospects of Optical Wireless Communication Systems Exploiting VCSEL-Based Transmitters","authors":"L. Gilli;G. Cossu;E. Ciaramella","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3530819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3530819","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) emerged as a dominant technology for short-reach high-data rate networks thanks to several advantageous features. These include low power consumption, high modulation speeds, low costs, and compact size. More recently, these inherent characteristics of the VCSELs have also made them exceptionally suited for a variety of Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) applications, particularly for short-distance links, up to a few meters. This paper reviews a range of new and promising applications for VCSELs within emerging OWC domains: Data Centers (DCs), space, and harsh environment. We present and discuss different VCSEL-based OWC systems that were designed, implemented, and tested in these emerging scenarios. For the DCs scenario, we present a novel approach to establish OWC links able to reach data rates up to <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{40} ,{text{Gbit}}/{text{s}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a single VCSEL. In the space environment, innovative OWC systems can support data communication among electronic elements placed in line-of-sight outside the spacecraft or inside a small satellite. VCSELs can be also exploited for data transmission in the very harsh environment of high-energy physics experiments. Here, a <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{10} ,{text{Gbit}}/{text{s}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> OWC system was designed for the Board-to-Board (B2B) link in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Since space and HEP applications exhibit extreme conditions, the OWC systems and, particularly, the VCSELs were tested to assess their behavior under strong mechanical, thermal, and radiation stress.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1615-1624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10843293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3528835
Ethan M. Liang;Joseph M. Kahn
Probabilistic shaping is widely employed in local oscillator-based coherent optical systems to improve receiver sensitivity and provide rate adaptation. This widespread adoption has been enabled, in part, by simple closed-form solutions for the optimal input distribution and channel capacity for these standard coherent channels. By contrast, the optimal input distributions and channel capacities for many direct-detection optical channels remain open problems. The lack of non-negative root-Nyquist pulses, signal-dependent noise, and the possible discreteness of the capacity-achieving input distribution have historically prevented standard information-theoretic techniques from obtaining simple closed-form solutions for these channels. In this tutorial, we review a high-rate continuous approximation (HCA) for analytically approximating the optimal input distribution. HCA, which was first developed for source coding, approximates the input constellation by a dense high-dimensional coset code that can be approximated well by a continuum, transforming the problem of computing the optimal input distribution subject to an average-power constraint to a problem of finding a minimum-energy shaping region in a high-dimensional continuous space. HCA yields closed-form continuous approximations to the capacity-achieving input distributions and shaping gains at high signal-to-noise ratio. We explain how enumerating a coset code in natural coordinates enables extension of HCA to direct-detection optical channels, allowing one to obtain closed-form approximations for the capacity-achieving input distributions and shaping gains for a variety of direct-detection systems that detect the intensity or Stokes vector and are limited by thermal or optical amplifier noise. We also discuss the implementation of probabilistic shaping in direct-detection systems.
{"title":"Probabilistic Shaping Distributions for Optical Communications","authors":"Ethan M. Liang;Joseph M. Kahn","doi":"10.1109/JLT.2025.3528835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3528835","url":null,"abstract":"Probabilistic shaping is widely employed in local oscillator-based coherent optical systems to improve receiver sensitivity and provide rate adaptation. This widespread adoption has been enabled, in part, by simple closed-form solutions for the optimal input distribution and channel capacity for these standard coherent channels. By contrast, the optimal input distributions and channel capacities for many direct-detection optical channels remain open problems. The lack of non-negative root-Nyquist pulses, signal-dependent noise, and the possible discreteness of the capacity-achieving input distribution have historically prevented standard information-theoretic techniques from obtaining simple closed-form solutions for these channels. In this tutorial, we review a high-rate continuous approximation (HCA) for analytically approximating the optimal input distribution. HCA, which was first developed for source coding, approximates the input constellation by a dense high-dimensional coset code that can be approximated well by a continuum, transforming the problem of computing the optimal input distribution subject to an average-power constraint to a problem of finding a minimum-energy shaping region in a high-dimensional continuous space. HCA yields closed-form continuous approximations to the capacity-achieving input distributions and shaping gains at high signal-to-noise ratio. We explain how enumerating a coset code in natural coordinates enables extension of HCA to direct-detection optical channels, allowing one to obtain closed-form approximations for the capacity-achieving input distributions and shaping gains for a variety of direct-detection systems that detect the intensity or Stokes vector and are limited by thermal or optical amplifier noise. We also discuss the implementation of probabilistic shaping in direct-detection systems.","PeriodicalId":16144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","volume":"43 4","pages":"1501-1524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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