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EXPRESS: How High Arousal Language Shapes Micro versus Macro Influencers’ Impact EXPRESS:高唤醒语言如何塑造微观与宏观影响者的影响
1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231207636
Giovanni Luca Cascio Rizzo, Francisco Javier Villarroel Ordenes, Rumen Pozharliev, Matteo De Angelis, Michele Costabile
Influencer marketing is a popular strategy to connect with consumers. However, influencers’ use of overly high arousal language in promoting products (e.g., “it’s totally AMAZING!”) has raised questions about their true motivations. This article investigates how high arousal language in micro versus macro influencers’ sponsored posts might shape engagement. Six studies, combining automated text, image, video, and audio analyses of thousands of Instagram and TikTok posts with preregistered controlled experiments, demonstrate that high arousal language increases engagement with micro influencers, but it decreases engagement with macro influencers, seemingly because it makes micro (macro) influencers appear more (less) trustworthy. Yet the negative effect of arousal for macro influencers can be mitigated if their posts provide counterbalanced valence (e.g., both positive and negative assessments) or if they indicate an informative, rather than commercial, goal. These findings deepen understanding of how language arousal shapes consumer responses, reveal a psychological mechanism through which language arousal affects perceptions, and provide actionable insights for crafting more effective social media content.
网红营销是一种与消费者建立联系的流行策略。然而,网红们在推广产品时使用了过度亢奋的语言(例如,“这太棒了!”),这让人们对他们的真实动机产生了疑问。本文研究了微博和宏观网红赞助帖子中的高唤醒性语言如何影响用户粘性。六项研究将对数千条Instagram和TikTok帖子的自动文本、图像、视频和音频分析与预先注册的对照实验相结合,表明高唤醒性语言增加了与微观影响者的互动,但却降低了与宏观影响者的互动,似乎是因为它使微观(宏观)影响者显得更(不)值得信赖。然而,如果他们的帖子提供了平衡的价值(例如,积极和消极的评估),或者如果他们表明了一个信息目标,而不是商业目标,则可以减轻对宏观影响者的负面影响。这些发现加深了对语言唤起如何影响消费者反应的理解,揭示了语言唤起影响感知的心理机制,并为制作更有效的社交媒体内容提供了可操作的见解。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Bringing the Doctor to the Patients: Cardiology Outreach to Rural Areas EXPRESS:把医生带到病人身边:心脏病学延伸到农村地区
1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231207830
J. Jason Bell, Sanghak Lee, Thomas S. Gruca
Clinical outreach is a crucial but understudied healthcare service delivery model. Physicians staffing rural outreach clinics must allocate a limited resource (i.e., their time) between caring for patients at their main sites and outreach locations. Using a unique 30-year dataset of decisions made by cardiologists, we estimate a constrained utility maximization model of time allocations across home and outreach locations. The results show that travel distance, potential competition, and patient demand for cardiology services significantly influence allocation decisions. This structural model is used to simulate the impact of a predicted reduction in cardiologist supply. The expected impacts are unevenly distributed, with some rural locations experiencing large decreases in access. We evaluate two policies to restore rural access: targeted immigration and a subsidy program. A subsidy program with an estimated cost of $406,000 can restore outreach after a 10% reduction in cardiologist supply. This option should be preferred to recruiting and supporting five additional cardiologists under a targeted immigration strategy. This research demonstrates the value of marketing modeling in addressing limited access to healthcare services and evaluating alternative policies for maintaining access in the face of coming physician shortages.
临床外展是一种至关重要但研究不足的医疗服务提供模式。配备农村外展诊所的医生必须在主要地点和外展地点照顾病人之间分配有限的资源(即他们的时间)。使用独特的30年心脏病专家决策数据集,我们估计了家庭和外展地点时间分配的受限效用最大化模型。结果表明,交通距离、潜在竞争和患者对心脏病服务的需求显著影响分配决策。该结构模型用于模拟预测的心脏病专家供应减少的影响。预期的影响分布不均,一些农村地区的可及性大幅下降。我们评估了恢复农村准入的两项政策:有针对性的移民和补贴计划。一项估计耗资40.6万美元的补贴计划可以在心脏病专家供应减少10%后恢复服务。在有针对性的移民策略下,这种选择应该优先于招聘和支持额外的五名心脏病专家。这项研究证明了营销模型在解决有限的医疗保健服务获取和评估替代政策的价值,以在面对即将到来的医生短缺时保持访问。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Making Sense? The Sensory-Specific Nature of Virtual Influencer Effectiveness 《快报》:有道理吗?虚拟影响者有效性的感官特异性
1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231203699
Xinyue Zhou, Xiao Yan, Yuwei Jiang
The current research examines consumers’ responses to sensory endorsements from virtual influencers. The authors reveal that consumers perceive virtual and human influencers to have similar distal sensory (i.e., visual and auditory) capacities. Consumers, however, perceive virtual influencers as having lower proximal sensory (i.e., haptic, olfactory, and gustatory) capacities. Consequently, when endorsements focus on proximal sensory experiences, consumers have lower purchase intention toward products and services endorsed by a virtual (vs. human) influencer. The findings further reveal that imagery difficulty and perceived sensory capacity serially mediate this effect. Importantly, this effect is mitigated when endorsements focus on distal sensory experiences, when sensory information is not explicitly mentioned, and when consumers are informed of new technology that enables virtual influencers to have proximal sensory experiences. These findings offer actionable insights for marketers to effectively utilize virtual influencers in sensory-driven campaigns, providing practical strategies to improve consumer responses to sensory endorsements and enhance marketing effectiveness.
目前的研究考察了消费者对虚拟网红感官代言的反应。作者揭示,消费者认为虚拟和人类影响者具有相似的远端感官(即视觉和听觉)能力。然而,消费者认为虚拟影响者具有较低的近端感官(即触觉、嗅觉和味觉)能力。因此,当代言关注近端感官体验时,消费者对虚拟(与真人)网红代言的产品和服务的购买意愿较低。研究结果进一步表明,意象困难和知觉能力依次介导了这种影响。重要的是,当代言关注远端感官体验时,当感官信息没有被明确提及时,当消费者被告知能够使虚拟影响者拥有近端感官体验的新技术时,这种影响就会减轻。这些发现为营销人员在感官驱动的营销活动中有效利用虚拟影响者提供了可操作的见解,为提高消费者对感官代言的反应和提高营销效果提供了实用策略。
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引用次数: 0
Paradigms for Progress: An Anomaly-First Framework for Paradigm Development 进步的范式:范式发展的反常优先框架
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231201959
Vanitha Swaminathan, Cait Lamberton, Shrihari Sridhar, Detelina Marinova
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Affording Disposal Control: The Effect of Circular Take-Back Programs on Psychological Ownership and Valuation 提供处置控制:循环回收计划对心理所有权和价值的影响
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231196576
Anna Tari, Remi Trudel
A circular economy is a “closed-loop” system designed so that products flow back into the production cycle after use. With many companies implementing take-back programs as part of their sustainability strategy, a fundamental shift in consumption has occurred, with consumers considering disposal during and even before making a purchase decision. Eight experiments reveal that consumers indicate a greater willingness to pay for circular program products. An increase in psychological ownership underlies the difference in product valuation. Specifically, the additional disposal control uniquely afforded by circular products increases the capacity of circular take-back program products to evoke psychological ownership. The process explanation is directly tested through mediation. Experimentally manipulating antecedents of psychological ownership (i.e., disposal control and psychological ownership) provides further support for the conceptual framework.
循环经济是一种“闭环”系统,旨在使产品在使用后流入生产周期。随着许多公司将回收计划作为其可持续发展战略的一部分,消费发生了根本性的转变,消费者在做出购买决定期间甚至之前就考虑处理。8项实验表明,消费者更愿意为循环项目产品付费。心理所有权的增加是产品估值差异的基础。具体来说,循环产品独特提供的额外处理控制增加了循环回收计划产品唤起心理所有权的能力。通过中介直接测试流程解释。通过实验操纵心理所有权的前因(即处置控制和心理所有权)为概念框架提供了进一步的支持。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Dual Branding by National Brand Manufacturers: Drivers and Outcomes EXPRESS:国家品牌制造商的双重品牌:驱动因素和结果
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231196575
Yu Ma, Kusum L. Ailawadi, Mercedes Martos-Partal, Ó. González-Benito
This paper is the first generalizable empirical analysis of dual branding, i.e., supply of private label (PL) by national brand (NB) manufacturers. The authors compile a unique dataset combining the identity of PL suppliers in over 260 packaged good categories with multiple years of scanner data in the Spanish grocery market to offer several contributions. First, they provide new descriptive insights, e.g., on the prevalence of dual branding in categories where the manufacturer does and does not have NBs, the longevity of PL supply arrangements, and the differences in PL sourcing across retailers. Second, they integrate the literature on motivators and dissuaders of dual branding and test the impact of relevant manufacturer, retailer, and dyad characteristics on PL supply in NB and non-NB categories. The results reveal a more nuanced empirical reality than is evident from prior research regarding the role of multi-category scope, fighter brands, NB differentiation, and size and positioning of the retailer’s PL. Third, they examine the outcomes of PL supply for the NBs of dual branders and find that starting (terminating) PL supply to a retailer significantly benefits (hurts) the relative distribution depth but not the relative share of the dual brander’s NBs at that retailer.
本文是第一个对双重品牌,即由民族品牌(NB)制造商提供自有品牌(PL)的一般性实证分析。作者编制了一个独特的数据集,结合了超过260个包装商品类别的物流供应商的身份,以及西班牙杂货市场多年的扫描仪数据,提供了一些贡献。首先,他们提供了新的描述性见解,例如,在制造商有和没有nb的类别中,双重品牌的流行程度,物流供应安排的寿命,以及零售商之间物流采购的差异。其次,他们整合了关于双重品牌激励因素和阻碍因素的文献,并测试了相关制造商、零售商和二元特征对新品牌和非新品牌类别物流供应的影响。结果揭示了一个比先前关于多类别范围、战斗品牌、NB差异化以及零售商物流规模和定位的作用的研究更微妙的经验现实。第三,他们检查了双品牌零售商的物流供应的结果,发现开始(终止)向零售商供应物流显著有利于(损害)相对分销深度,但对双品牌零售商的物流在该零售商中的相对份额没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Conceptual Contributions in Marketing Scholarship: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Rebalancing Options 市场营销学术的概念贡献:模式、机制和再平衡选择
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231196122
Bastian Kindermann, D. Wentzel, David Antons, T. Salge
This article analyzes the nature and temporal change of conceptual contributions in marketing scholarship with two complementary studies. First, based on a computer-aided text analysis of 5,922 articles published in the four major marketing journals between 1990 and 2021, we analyze how conceptual contributions have changed over time using the MacInnis (2011) framework. Results indicate that over the past three decades, theorizing efforts have strongly favored “envisioning” and “explicating” at the expense of “relating” and “debating,” with this imbalance increasing over time. Second, drawing on 48 in-depth interviews with editors, department heads, and authors, we seek to validate these patterns and uncover their underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate that a prevalent thought style has developed in the field—defined by the research ideals of novelty, clarity, and quantification—that shapes the collective view of how marketing scholars, in their roles as authors, reviewers, and mentors, can make a valuable contribution to marketing scholarship. This thought style favors envisioning and explicating contributions and disfavors relating and debating contributions. Jointly, the two studies point to several rebalancing options that can reinvigorate relating and debating contributions while preserving the current strengths of the marketing field.
本文通过两个互补的研究分析了市场营销学术中概念贡献的性质和时间变化。首先,基于对1990年至2021年间发表在四大营销期刊上的5922篇文章的计算机辅助文本分析,我们使用麦金尼斯(2011)框架分析了概念贡献是如何随时间变化的。结果表明,在过去的三十年中,理论化的努力以牺牲“关联”和“辩论”为代价,强烈地支持“设想”和“解释”,这种不平衡随着时间的推移而增加。其次,通过对编辑、部门主管和作者的48次深度访谈,我们试图验证这些模式并揭示其潜在机制。我们的研究结果表明,在这个领域已经形成了一种流行的思维方式,这种思维方式由新颖性、清晰度和量化的研究理想所定义,它形成了一种集体观点,即作为作者、审稿人和导师的营销学者如何能为营销学术做出有价值的贡献。这种思维方式有利于设想和解释贡献,而不利于联系和辩论贡献。这两项研究共同指出了几种重新平衡的选择,可以在保持营销领域当前优势的同时,重振相关和辩论的贡献。
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引用次数: 1
EXPRESS: Measuring Willingness to Pay: A Comparative Method of Valuation 衡量支付意愿:一种比较估值方法
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231195564
Sharlene He, Eric T. Anderson, Derek D. Rucker
Willingness to pay (WTP) is a metric that is widely valued and utilized among both practitioners and academics. However, the conceptualization of WTP is ambiguous, and this ambiguity is reflected across existing methods of measuring WTP. This paper first presents a formal mathematical framework that clarifies WTP as a distributional concept—rather than a single number—constructed as a function of customers, comparisons, and situations. The framework further reveals the operation of two comparative mechanisms, direct and indirect, by which situational factors affect WTP. This paper then introduces a new method to measure WTP—Comparative Method of Valuation (CMV)—that, unlike existing methods, is designed to account for the inherently comparative and situational nature of WTP. Across nine studies reported in the paper and four additional studies in the Web Appendix, the authors a) examine differences in results between CMV and choice-based conjoint as well as between CMV and the classic Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) methodology, b) demonstrate that CMV is a valid and reliable measure of WTP, and c) illustrate applications of CMV to managerial problems. In total, this paper offers both conceptual clarity and methodological advances to understanding the construction and measurement of WTP for practitioners and academics alike.
支付意愿(WTP)是一个在从业者和学者中被广泛重视和使用的度量标准。然而,WTP的概念是模糊的,这种模糊反映在现有的测量WTP的方法中。本文首先提出了一个正式的数学框架,将WTP澄清为一个分布概念——而不是一个单一的数字——作为客户、比较和情况的函数构造。该框架进一步揭示了情境因素影响工作效率的直接和间接两种比较机制。然后,本文介绍了一种衡量WTP的新方法-比较估价法(CMV),它与现有方法不同,旨在解释WTP固有的比较和情境性质。在论文中报告的9项研究和Web附录中的另外4项研究中,作者a)检查了CMV与基于选择的联合方法之间的结果差异,以及CMV与经典的Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM)方法之间的结果差异,b)证明CMV是WTP的有效可靠测量方法,c)说明了CMV在管理问题中的应用。总的来说,本文为从业者和学者理解WTP的构建和测量提供了概念上的清晰度和方法上的进步。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Buyer–Supplier Relationship Dynamics in Buyers’ Bankruptcy Survival EXPRESS:买方破产生存中的买方-供应商关系动态
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231193994
Sudha Mani, Vivek Astvansh, K. Antia
A bankrupt buyer firm's interactions with its suppliers during bankruptcy have critical implications for both parties and for the broader economy, yet these interactions remain poorly understood. The authors build on research on buyer–supplier relationship dynamics to demonstrate that accommodative and exploitative velocities—the rate and direction of change in the corresponding acts—serve as signals affecting bankruptcy survival. They show how signal characteristics (i.e., the variability in accommodative and exploitative acts) and signaler characteristics (i.e., whether the party undertaking the acts is the buyer or its suppliers) moderate the impact of accommodative and exploitative velocities on bankruptcy survival. Study 1 examines the bankruptcy survival outcome of 310 U.S. bankruptcies over 14 years and finds that a 1% increase in accommodative (exploitative) velocity increases (decreases) the buyer's survival by 39% (33%). Further, variability in accommodative acts weakens their effect, and suppliers' (vs. the buyer's) accommodative and exploitative velocities are less deterministic of the buyer's bankruptcy survival. Study 2 uses a scenario-based experiment to shed light on the mechanism underlying the impact of the two velocities on bankruptcy survival. The findings from both studies demonstrate the key role played by buyer–supplier interactions in a buyer's bankruptcy survival.
破产的买方公司在破产期间与其供应商的互动对双方和更广泛的经济都有重要的影响,但这些互动仍然知之甚少。作者基于对买方-供应商关系动态的研究,证明了适应性和剥削速度——相应行为变化的速度和方向——是影响破产生存的信号。它们显示了信号特征(即,调节和剥削行为的可变性)和信号特征(即,实施行为的一方是买方还是其供应商)如何调节调节和剥削速度对破产生存的影响。研究1考察了14年来美国310起破产案的破产生存结果,发现调节(剥削)速度每增加1%,买方的生存就会增加(减少)39%(33%)。此外,调节行为的可变性削弱了其效果,供应商(相对于买方)的调节和剥削速度对买方破产生存的确定性较小。研究2使用基于场景的实验来揭示两种速度对破产生存影响的机制。这两项研究的结果都证明了买方-供应商互动在买方破产生存中所起的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Assessing the Multichannel Impact of Brand Store Entry by a Digital-Native Grocery Brand EXPRESS:评估数字原生杂货品牌进入品牌店的多渠道影响
IF 12.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00222429231193371
Michiel Van Crombrugge, E. Breugelmans, Florian Breiner, Christian W. Scheiner
For digital-native, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturers that sell through their own online channel and have made headway into supermarkets, brand stores can represent the next step in a multichannel distribution strategy. In this research, the authors investigate the impact of introducing a brand store on a digital-native brand’s sales in its existing company-owned online channel and independent supermarkets, as well as on the brand’s supermarket distribution. By incorporating brand store sales and operational costs, this research also specifies the entry effects on the brand’s top-line total brand sales and bottom-line operating profit. Based on before-and-after-with-control-group analyses of the entry of 10 brand stores by a digital-native FMCG brand, the authors show that brand store entry boosts supermarket sales, partially driven by a brand store’s positive effect on the number of supermarkets listing the brand. Although they cannibalize company-owned online sales, brand store entries generate an influx of own brand store sales that offset online channel losses. Still, accounting for brand stores’ operational costs reveals top-line growth is not always enough to preserve the bottom line.
对于数字化原生的快速消费品(FMCG)制造商来说,它们通过自己的在线渠道销售,并已进军超市,品牌店可以代表多渠道分销战略的下一步。在本研究中,作者调查了引入品牌店对数字原生品牌在其现有公司拥有的在线渠道和独立超市的销售以及品牌超市分销的影响。通过纳入品牌门店销售额和运营成本,本研究还明确了进入对品牌顶线总品牌销售额和底线营业利润的影响。基于一个数字原生快速消费品品牌进入10家品牌店的前后对照分析,作者表明,品牌店的进入促进了超市的销售,部分原因是品牌店对上市该品牌的超市数量的积极影响。虽然它们蚕食了公司自有的在线销售,但品牌店的入驻带来了大量自有品牌店的销售,抵消了在线渠道的损失。不过,考虑到品牌店的运营成本,收入增长并不总是足以维持利润。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Marketing
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