Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.001
Xing-Kai Duan, Qin-Xue Hu, Yue-Zhen Jiang, Zhan-Qi Cheng, Liang-Cao Yin, Qingfeng Liu, Li Sun, Dong-Wei Ao, Kong-Gang Hu, Jing Kuang, Deng-Liang Yi, Fu-Yi Yu, Raza Moshwan, M. Shahabuddin, Wei-Di Liu
With the advantages of material-saving shapable production and facile geometry design, shapable methods provide a broad prospect for the future thermoelectric material production. Herein, cold spraying followed by annealing (CSA) induces enriched defects in the bulk material, which can lead to excellent thermoelectric performance and hardness. Compared with the HP process, CSA contributes to more pores and intrinsic defects. The enriched intrinsic defects contribute to moderate electrical performance. Simultaneously, these defects strongly scatter phonons, leading to ultra-low total thermal conductivity values of ∼0.64 W m−1 K−1 for both p-type CSA Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and n-type CSA Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 bulks at room temperature. Correspondingly, CSA bulks possess excellent room-temperature zT of ∼1.1 (p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3) and ∼0.9 (n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3), respectively, which are comparable to those prepared by HP and other shapable methods. Furthermore, a four-leg thermoelectric device is assembled based on as-prepared p-type CSA Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and n-type CSA Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 bulks, achieving a rational energy conversion efficiency of ∼4% under a small temperature difference of 100 K. This study demonstrates CSA method is promising for future shapable production of high-performance thermoelectric materials.
{"title":"Cold spraying-an effective shapable method for preparing high-performance Bi2Te3-based thermoelectrics","authors":"Xing-Kai Duan, Qin-Xue Hu, Yue-Zhen Jiang, Zhan-Qi Cheng, Liang-Cao Yin, Qingfeng Liu, Li Sun, Dong-Wei Ao, Kong-Gang Hu, Jing Kuang, Deng-Liang Yi, Fu-Yi Yu, Raza Moshwan, M. Shahabuddin, Wei-Di Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"With the advantages of material-saving shapable production and facile geometry design, shapable methods provide a broad prospect for the future thermoelectric material production. Herein, cold spraying followed by annealing (CSA) induces enriched defects in the bulk material, which can lead to excellent thermoelectric performance and hardness. Compared with the HP process, CSA contributes to more pores and intrinsic defects. The enriched intrinsic defects contribute to moderate electrical performance. Simultaneously, these defects strongly scatter phonons, leading to ultra-low total thermal conductivity values of ∼0.64 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> for both p-type CSA Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Sb<sub>1.5</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and n-type CSA Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2.7</sub>Se<sub>0.3</sub> bulks at room temperature. Correspondingly, CSA bulks possess excellent room-temperature <em>zT</em> of ∼1.1 (p-type Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Sb<sub>1.5</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>) and ∼0.9 (n-type Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2.7</sub>Se<sub>0.3</sub>), respectively, which are comparable to those prepared by HP and other shapable methods. Furthermore, a four-leg thermoelectric device is assembled based on as-prepared p-type CSA Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Sb<sub>1.5</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and n-type CSA Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2.7</sub>Se<sub>0.3</sub> bulks, achieving a rational energy conversion efficiency of ∼4% under a small temperature difference of 100 K. This study demonstrates CSA method is promising for future shapable production of high-performance thermoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.042
Xuetong Zeng, Shasha Yang, Chen Tang, Minghui Chen, Fuhui Wang
The conventional strategy of strengthening nickel-based composites by maximizing carbide content faces a fundamental limitation, where excessive carbides inevitably agglomerate and coarsen, leading to diminishing strengthening returns and a severe loss of ductility. This study establishes a homogeneous carbide dispersion, not nominal content, as the determinant of superior mechanical properties. To realize this, we introduce Si as a self-consuming microstructural modulator during spark plasma sintering of a Ni20Cr-based composite. The semiconducting nature of Si markedly intensifies localized Joule heating at particle interfaces, inducing transient melting of the Ni matrix. This melting, in turn, intensifies thermal gradients and Marangoni convection, thereby facilitating the inward transport and homogenization of in situ formed nano-TiC dispersions. Remarkably, Si completely dissolves into the matrix post-sintering, avoiding the formation of brittle phases and thereby preserving ductility. The optimized composite, with only 4 wt% Ti3SiC2 and 3 wt% Si, achieves an exceptional yield strength of 1273 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1558 MPa, and maintains good elongation. This work thus establishes a new paradigm wherein microstructural homogeneity, rather than nominal content, governs the strengthening potential of carbide-reinforced composites.
{"title":"From content to distribution: Achieving high-strength Ni-based composites via Si-induced homogeneous carbide dispersion","authors":"Xuetong Zeng, Shasha Yang, Chen Tang, Minghui Chen, Fuhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional strategy of strengthening nickel-based composites by maximizing carbide content faces a fundamental limitation, where excessive carbides inevitably agglomerate and coarsen, leading to diminishing strengthening returns and a severe loss of ductility. This study establishes a homogeneous carbide dispersion, not nominal content, as the determinant of superior mechanical properties. To realize this, we introduce Si as a self-consuming microstructural modulator during spark plasma sintering of a Ni20Cr-based composite. The semiconducting nature of Si markedly intensifies localized Joule heating at particle interfaces, inducing transient melting of the Ni matrix. This melting, in turn, intensifies thermal gradients and Marangoni convection, thereby facilitating the inward transport and homogenization of <em>in situ</em> formed nano-TiC dispersions. Remarkably, Si completely dissolves into the matrix post-sintering, avoiding the formation of brittle phases and thereby preserving ductility. The optimized composite, with only 4 wt% Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> and 3 wt% Si, achieves an exceptional yield strength of 1273 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1558 MPa, and maintains good elongation. This work thus establishes a new paradigm wherein microstructural homogeneity, rather than nominal content, governs the strengthening potential of carbide-reinforced composites.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.045
Rui-nan Chen, Kun-kun Deng, Cui-ju Wang, Kai-bo Nie, Quan-xin Shi, Yi-jia Li
This work reports a novel strategy for low-temperature, high-strength joining of Mg-Zn alloys based on a combination of rolled composite and diffusion reaction. A Mg/Zn filler preform was fabricated via rolling, wherein a non-equilibrium Mg7Zn3 phase with low melting point was in situ self-generated by lattice distortion induction and dislocation tube effect. The localized melting of the Mg7Zn3 phase triggers an overall gradient melting to achieve low-temperature, high-strength joining of Mg-Zn alloys. The exceptional strength originates from the alternating distribution structure of soft α'-Mg and hard Mg7Zn3 (MgZn2) phases. The method provides a new filler design strategy and theoretical insights for low-temperature high-strength joining of Mg alloys.
{"title":"Lattice distortion induces non-equilibrium phase formation to achieve low-temperature high-strength joining of Mg-Zn alloys","authors":"Rui-nan Chen, Kun-kun Deng, Cui-ju Wang, Kai-bo Nie, Quan-xin Shi, Yi-jia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.045","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports a novel strategy for low-temperature, high-strength joining of Mg-Zn alloys based on a combination of rolled composite and diffusion reaction. A Mg/Zn filler preform was fabricated via rolling, wherein a non-equilibrium Mg<sub>7</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub> phase with low melting point was in situ self-generated by lattice distortion induction and dislocation tube effect. The localized melting of the Mg<sub>7</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub> phase triggers an overall gradient melting to achieve low-temperature, high-strength joining of Mg-Zn alloys. The exceptional strength originates from the alternating distribution structure of soft α'-Mg and hard Mg<sub>7</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub> (MgZn<sub>2</sub>) phases. The method provides a new filler design strategy and theoretical insights for low-temperature high-strength joining of Mg alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.062
Mingtao Wang, Qingshuai Zhang, Zhongyu Cui, Bo Zhang, Liwei Wang, Hao Wu, Huiyun Tian, Hongzhi Cui
The corrosion behavior and corrosion-induced mechanical degradation of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy in pure chloride and HSO3−-containing environments are investigated in the present work. The controlling factors and underlying mechanisms of the mechanical property degradation and the associated reversibility are discussed. In a pure chloride environment, the ductility loss is fully reversible, which is influenced by the corrosion product layer, the nature and depth of subsurface attack propagation, and the corrosion-induced hydrogen behavior. However, in the HSO3⁻-containing environment, the ductility loss is predominantly irreversible, with a recovery rate of 14.6% after 48 h and only 3.4% after 72 h. This is attributed to changes in the initial pH, buffer effect, and the corrosion patterns, with the buffer effect accounting for 72% of the contribution to the irreversibility. The results provide insights to predict the reversibility of the mechanical property degradation in aluminum alloys, thereby addressing the challenges posed by corrosion in diverse environments for ensuring safe use and widespread application.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into corrosion-induced mechanical degradation of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy: Environmentally induced variable ductility reversibility","authors":"Mingtao Wang, Qingshuai Zhang, Zhongyu Cui, Bo Zhang, Liwei Wang, Hao Wu, Huiyun Tian, Hongzhi Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.062","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion behavior and corrosion-induced mechanical degradation of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy in pure chloride and HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-containing environments are investigated in the present work. The controlling factors and underlying mechanisms of the mechanical property degradation and the associated reversibility are discussed. In a pure chloride environment, the ductility loss is fully reversible, which is influenced by the corrosion product layer, the nature and depth of subsurface attack propagation, and the corrosion-induced hydrogen behavior. However, in the HSO<sub>3</sub>⁻-containing environment, the ductility loss is predominantly irreversible, with a recovery rate of 14.6% after 48 h and only 3.4% after 72 h. This is attributed to changes in the initial pH, buffer effect, and the corrosion patterns, with the buffer effect accounting for 72% of the contribution to the irreversibility. The results provide insights to predict the reversibility of the mechanical property degradation in aluminum alloys, thereby addressing the challenges posed by corrosion in diverse environments for ensuring safe use and widespread application.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.039
Feifei Li, Xiaowei Zhang, Renquan Wang, Jun Li, Chang Liu, Lu Wang, Ying Liu
Ce substitution is a cost-effective strategy to reduce reliance on critical rare-earth (RE) elements in Nd-Fe-B magnets, but high substitution levels often lead to severe magnetic performance degradation. Here, the mechanism of Ce-induced microstructural degradation in hot-deformed (HD) magnets was elucidated, and a low-temperature processing strategy was proposed to mitigate this degradation and improve magnetic performance. Microstructural analyses of HD magnets and precursor ribbons with varying Ce contents revealed that Ce lowers the melting point of RE-rich phases and enhances their wettability with RE2Fe14B grains, thereby accelerating the migration of RE-rich phases along grain boundaries (GBs). This migration promotes abnormal grain growth, excessive formation of triple-junction phases, REFe2 precipitation, and depletion of intergranular boundary phases, collectively impairing magnetic performance. In contrast, low-temperature processing effectively suppressed such migration, resulting in a more uniform microstructure. Consequently, a 40 at.% Ce-substituted magnet achieved a record maximum energy product of 322 kJ/m3, together with a coercivity of 0.93 T and a remanence of 1.33 T, surpassing that of the reported high-Ce-content HD magnets. This work breaks a key bottleneck in light RE substitution, providing guidance for the design of low-cost, high-performance HD magnets.
{"title":"Tailoring RE-rich phase migration to suppress Ce-induced microstructural degradation in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets","authors":"Feifei Li, Xiaowei Zhang, Renquan Wang, Jun Li, Chang Liu, Lu Wang, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"Ce substitution is a cost-effective strategy to reduce reliance on critical rare-earth (RE) elements in Nd-Fe-B magnets, but high substitution levels often lead to severe magnetic performance degradation. Here, the mechanism of Ce-induced microstructural degradation in hot-deformed (HD) magnets was elucidated, and a low-temperature processing strategy was proposed to mitigate this degradation and improve magnetic performance. Microstructural analyses of HD magnets and precursor ribbons with varying Ce contents revealed that Ce lowers the melting point of RE-rich phases and enhances their wettability with RE<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B grains, thereby accelerating the migration of RE-rich phases along grain boundaries (GBs). This migration promotes abnormal grain growth, excessive formation of triple-junction phases, REFe<sub>2</sub> precipitation, and depletion of intergranular boundary phases, collectively impairing magnetic performance. In contrast, low-temperature processing effectively suppressed such migration, resulting in a more uniform microstructure. Consequently, a 40 at.% Ce-substituted magnet achieved a record maximum energy product of 322 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>, together with a coercivity of 0.93 T and a remanence of 1.33 T, surpassing that of the reported high-Ce-content HD magnets. This work breaks a key bottleneck in light RE substitution, providing guidance for the design of low-cost, high-performance HD magnets.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"396 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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