The influence of in-situ precipitation on corrosion behaviors of wire arc directed energy deposited (WADED) Al-Mg-(Sc-Zr) was studied. WADED Al-Mg showed a homogeneous microstructure with coarse equiaxed grains. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited fine equiaxed grains along the molten pool boundary (MPB) and inter-layer zone (ITZ) while coarse equiaxed grains were inside the molten pool. The in-situ precipitation resulted in the primary Al3(Sc, Zr) aggregated along MPB and ITZ while minor-sized secondary Al3(Sc, Zr) existed inside the molten pool. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr showed improved electrochemical behavior than Al-Mg. WADED Al-Mg presented random pittings that occurred near dispersed β-Al3Mg2. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited pittings along MPB and ITZ, where Al3(Sc, Zr) aggregated and induced galvanic corrosion. Corrosion anisotropy was obvious in Al-Mg-Sc-Zr since more MPBs and ITZs make the XOZ plane susceptive to localized corrosion.
{"title":"Influence of in-situ precipitation on corrosion behaviors of wire arc directed energy deposited Al-Mg(-Sc-Zr)","authors":"Yubin Zhou, Zewu Qi, Baoqiang Cong, Yuan Zhao, Wei Guo, Zihao Jiang, Hongwei Li, Chaofang Dong, Yucheng Ji, Xing He, Haibo Wang, Sanbao Lin, Xiaoyu Cai, Bojin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of in-situ precipitation on corrosion behaviors of wire arc directed energy deposited (WADED) Al-Mg-(Sc-Zr) was studied. WADED Al-Mg showed a homogeneous microstructure with coarse equiaxed grains. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited fine equiaxed grains along the molten pool boundary (MPB) and inter-layer zone (ITZ) while coarse equiaxed grains were inside the molten pool. The in-situ precipitation resulted in the primary Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) aggregated along MPB and ITZ while minor-sized secondary Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) existed inside the molten pool. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr showed improved electrochemical behavior than Al-Mg. WADED Al-Mg presented random pittings that occurred near dispersed β-Al<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited pittings along MPB and ITZ, where Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) aggregated and induced galvanic corrosion. Corrosion anisotropy was obvious in Al-Mg-Sc-Zr since more MPBs and ITZs make the XOZ plane susceptive to localized corrosion.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.076
Beibei Gao, Yi Zhou, Yuan Fang, Richeng Jin, Yuchi Fan, Lianjun Wang, Wan Jiang, Pengpeng Qiu, Wei Luo
Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design that involves the encapsulation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles within mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (mSiCf) to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (IPF). The unique one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous structure of mSiCf, coupled with abundant oxygen-containing groups, offers a favorable surface microenvironment for the stabilization of bimetallic CuNi active sites. Through carefully optimizing metal to acid sites, we have developed a catalyst containing a total mass ratio of 20% Cu and Ni, which exhibits a remarkable performance with complete FFA conversion and 92% IPF selectivity in 4 h. In-depth mechanistic investigations have revealed that the superior activity of this catalyst is attributed to a tandem reaction mechanism. Initially, FFA is hydrogenated at the dual metal active sites to produce furfuryl alcohol (FOL) as an intermediate, which is subsequently etherified at the acid sites with suitable species and strengths on the mSiCf supports. Additionally, the robust 1D mSiCf framework effectively protects the metal sites from agglomeration, resulting in excellent reusability of the catalyst. This study underscores the potential of mesoporous silicon carbide-supported bimetallic active sites for achieving enhanced tandem catalytic functionality.
{"title":"Confining CuNi alloy nanoparticles into mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers for enhanced tandem catalytic functionality","authors":"Beibei Gao, Yi Zhou, Yuan Fang, Richeng Jin, Yuchi Fan, Lianjun Wang, Wan Jiang, Pengpeng Qiu, Wei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.076","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design that involves the encapsulation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles within mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (mSiC<sub>f</sub>) to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (IPF). The unique one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous structure of mSiC<sub>f</sub>, coupled with abundant oxygen-containing groups, offers a favorable surface microenvironment for the stabilization of bimetallic CuNi active sites. Through carefully optimizing metal to acid sites, we have developed a catalyst containing a total mass ratio of 20% Cu and Ni, which exhibits a remarkable performance with complete FFA conversion and 92% IPF selectivity in 4 h. In-depth mechanistic investigations have revealed that the superior activity of this catalyst is attributed to a tandem reaction mechanism. Initially, FFA is hydrogenated at the dual metal active sites to produce furfuryl alcohol (FOL) as an intermediate, which is subsequently etherified at the acid sites with suitable species and strengths on the mSiC<sub>f</sub> supports. Additionally, the robust 1D mSiC<sub>f</sub> framework effectively protects the metal sites from agglomeration, resulting in excellent reusability of the catalyst. This study underscores the potential of mesoporous silicon carbide-supported bimetallic active sites for achieving enhanced tandem catalytic functionality.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical stents have made significant strides in development, however, creating a single manufacturing material that combines size adjustability, robust strength, and degradability remains a major challenge. Here, we developed an elastomer designed for stent fabrication, featuring excellent thermo-responsive shape memory and fast self-healing. This elastomer is produced through supramolecular interactions between liquid crystal moieties, which exhibit strong orientation, and a polymer backbone. These supramolecular interactions provide the elastomer with remarkable mechanical strength (10.46 MPa). Interestingly, the elastomer shows excellent mesocrystalline stability and cyclability, thanks to multiple non-covalent bonds, allowing the crosslinked liquid crystalline phase to maintain integrity at temperatures up to 285°C. Impressively, the elastomer can respond to stress and temperature changes, fully reverting to its original shape in just 25.7±0.94 s. When configured as a helical stent, its macroscopic dimensions can be adjusted to mimic the size of blood vessels in vitro. The stent exhibits rapid responsiveness at 37°C, achieving complete self-expansion within 10 s. Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent degradability, with a weight loss of only 2.75% ± 0.31% after 70 d. This innovation paves the way for new possibilities in the use of medical stents, particularly for the long-term treatment of coronary heart disease.
{"title":"Thermosensitive, tough and size-adjustable elastomer with multi-hydrogen bond based on supramolecular interactions","authors":"Chaoxian Chen, Siwen Chen, Zhipeng Hou, Kai Zhang, Yanyan Lv, Jianshe Hu, Siyu Sun, Liqun Yang, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.077","url":null,"abstract":"Medical stents have made significant strides in development, however, creating a single manufacturing material that combines size adjustability, robust strength, and degradability remains a major challenge. Here, we developed an elastomer designed for stent fabrication, featuring excellent thermo-responsive shape memory and fast self-healing. This elastomer is produced through supramolecular interactions between liquid crystal moieties, which exhibit strong orientation, and a polymer backbone. These supramolecular interactions provide the elastomer with remarkable mechanical strength (10.46 MPa). Interestingly, the elastomer shows excellent mesocrystalline stability and cyclability, thanks to multiple non-covalent bonds, allowing the crosslinked liquid crystalline phase to maintain integrity at temperatures up to 285°C. Impressively, the elastomer can respond to stress and temperature changes, fully reverting to its original shape in just 25.7±0.94 s. When configured as a helical stent, its macroscopic dimensions can be adjusted to mimic the size of blood vessels in vitro. The stent exhibits rapid responsiveness at 37°C, achieving complete self-expansion within 10 s. Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent degradability, with a weight loss of only 2.75% ± 0.31% after 70 d. This innovation paves the way for new possibilities in the use of medical stents, particularly for the long-term treatment of coronary heart disease.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.074
Xi-Zheng Fan, Jing-Peng Hu, Xin Du, Zhong-Yi Liu, Xin-Zheng Yue
Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with enhanced efficiency for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant challenge. Herein, we constructed S-doped ultra-fine RuO2 nanodots that were uniformly dispersed on carbon nanotubes. The incorporation of S effectively induces local rearrangement of the electronic structure of RuO2, thereby enhancing the dispersion of RuO2 as active sites and optimizing the adsorption free energy of H* intermediate. As expected, the as-synthesized S-RuO2/CNT delivers remarkable HER activity in all pH electrolytes, achieving lower overpotentials of 136, 159, and 396 mV at 100 mA cm−2 in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions, respectively. Moreover, a unitary S-RuO2/CNT electrolytic cell requires only a lower voltage (1.476 V) to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 mol/L KOH. This ingenious work represents a significant breakthrough in the rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts, enabling remarkable performance in electrochemical water electrolysis.
{"title":"Sulphur anion induced electronic structure regulation of RuO2 nanodots for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting","authors":"Xi-Zheng Fan, Jing-Peng Hu, Xin Du, Zhong-Yi Liu, Xin-Zheng Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.074","url":null,"abstract":"Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with enhanced efficiency for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant challenge. Herein, we constructed S-doped ultra-fine RuO<sub>2</sub> nanodots that were uniformly dispersed on carbon nanotubes. The incorporation of S effectively induces local rearrangement of the electronic structure of RuO<sub>2</sub>, thereby enhancing the dispersion of RuO<sub>2</sub> as active sites and optimizing the adsorption free energy of H* intermediate. As expected, the as-synthesized S-RuO<sub>2</sub>/CNT delivers remarkable HER activity in all pH electrolytes, achieving lower overpotentials of 136, 159, and 396 mV at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions, respectively. Moreover, a unitary S-RuO<sub>2</sub>/CNT electrolytic cell requires only a lower voltage (1.476 V) to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in 1.0 mol/L KOH. This ingenious work represents a significant breakthrough in the rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts, enabling remarkable performance in electrochemical water electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commercial wrought high-strength Cu-Cr-Zr alloys face limited high-temperature properties due to the rapid coarsening or dissolution of Cr precipitates. Here, we report a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated Cu-0.84Cr-0.42Zr (wt.%) alloy with exceptional heat resistance after aging. Primary Cr@Cu5Zr phase (∼39.8 nm) with core-shell structure and a high density of heat-stable dislocations were introduced from the rapid solidification of LPBF and enabled the alloy to gain significant improvement in high-temperature properties. After aging treatment, secondary Cr and Cu51Zr14 phases (∼3.4 nm) were precipitated, in which Zr solute was segregated at one side of the Cr phase, enhancing the thermal stability of Cr phase. The excellent combinations of strength and thermal conductivity were achieved at or above 400°C. Particularly at 600°C, the aged sample not only exhibited a high tensile strength of ∼196 MPa, which significantly surpassed that of wrought Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, but also possessed a thermal conductivity of ∼349 W/(m K) comparable to that of pure copper.
{"title":"Enhancing high-temperature properties in laser powder bed fusion of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy via heat-stable dislocations and dual-nanoprecipitates","authors":"Wenjun Ma, Yanfang Wang, Siying Wang, Lei Gao, Fei Cao, Yihui Jiang, Shuhua Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.031","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial wrought high-strength Cu-Cr-Zr alloys face limited high-temperature properties due to the rapid coarsening or dissolution of Cr precipitates. Here, we report a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated Cu-0.84Cr-0.42Zr (wt.%) alloy with exceptional heat resistance after aging. Primary Cr@Cu<sub>5</sub>Zr phase (∼39.8 nm) with core-shell structure and a high density of heat-stable dislocations were introduced from the rapid solidification of LPBF and enabled the alloy to gain significant improvement in high-temperature properties. After aging treatment, secondary Cr and Cu<sub>51</sub>Zr<sub>14</sub> phases (∼3.4 nm) were precipitated, in which Zr solute was segregated at one side of the Cr phase, enhancing the thermal stability of Cr phase. The excellent combinations of strength and thermal conductivity were achieved at or above 400°C. Particularly at 600°C, the aged sample not only exhibited a high tensile strength of ∼196 MPa, which significantly surpassed that of wrought Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, but also possessed a thermal conductivity of ∼349 W/(m K) comparable to that of pure copper.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.073
Jianhong Duan, Kun Wei, He Qi, Huifen Yu, Hao Li
Dielectric ceramics with ultrahigh power density and ultrafast charge/discharge rates are crucial components of advanced dielectric capacitors. However, enhancing their comprehensive performance remains a major challenge for cutting-edge applications. Here, a high-entropy strategy is proposed to construct multiple local distortions, including various types of oxygen octahedral tilts, highly dynamic polar nanoregions, and lattice distortions. This approach effectively delays polarization saturation, reduces energy loss, and, in conjunction with the ultrafine grains induced by the high-entropy effect, enhances mechanical properties and breakdown field. Therefore, a remarkable recoverable energy density of 9.1 J cm−3, a high conversion efficiency of 82.7%, and a large Vickers hardness of 8.77 GPa are simultaneously achieved in 0.73Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3–0.27Ca0.7La0.2Zr0.15Ti0.85O3 lead-free high-entropy relaxors. Additionally, superior frequency and temperature stability, as well as excellent charge/discharge performance, are also obtained. These findings demonstrate that the high-entropy strategy is a promising method for designing high-performance dielectric ceramics.
{"title":"High-entropy lead-free relaxors for large capacitive energy storage with superior comprehensive performance","authors":"Jianhong Duan, Kun Wei, He Qi, Huifen Yu, Hao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.073","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric ceramics with ultrahigh power density and ultrafast charge/discharge rates are crucial components of advanced dielectric capacitors. However, enhancing their comprehensive performance remains a major challenge for cutting-edge applications. Here, a high-entropy strategy is proposed to construct multiple local distortions, including various types of oxygen octahedral tilts, highly dynamic polar nanoregions, and lattice distortions. This approach effectively delays polarization saturation, reduces energy loss, and, in conjunction with the ultrafine grains induced by the high-entropy effect, enhances mechanical properties and breakdown field. Therefore, a remarkable recoverable energy density of 9.1 J cm<sup>−3</sup>, a high conversion efficiency of 82.7%, and a large Vickers hardness of 8.77 GPa are simultaneously achieved in 0.73Bi<sub>0.47</sub>Na<sub>0.47</sub>Ba<sub>0.06</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>–0.27Ca<sub>0.7</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>Zr<sub>0.15</sub>Ti<sub>0.85</sub>O<sub>3</sub> lead-free high-entropy relaxors. Additionally, superior frequency and temperature stability, as well as excellent charge/discharge performance, are also obtained. These findings demonstrate that the high-entropy strategy is a promising method for designing high-performance dielectric ceramics.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.075
Fan Yang, Ruiwang Zhang, Xunwei Ji, Shiwei Lin, Xihong Lu
Aqueous rechargeable Ni-Fe batteries exhibit unique advantages in large-scale energy storage thanks to their affordability, safety, and reliability. However, their limited energy density and Coulombic efficiency stem from unfavorable OH− adsorption capability and low electrochemical activity of Fe sites, result in electrode kinetic delays for Fe anodes. Here, we report Mn and S co-modified FeOOH (MSFF) nanosheets as an advanced anode in Ni-Fe batteries, synthesized from a facile one-step surface-redox-etching method at room temperature. Based on the strong electronic coupling effect between Mn and S atoms, such MSFF anode presents fast electron transport capability, enhanced OH−-adsorption capability, and redox reactivity. Specifically, the MSFF anode can achieve a high areal capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2, which retains a staggering 96% of the initial capacity after undergoing 9000 cycles at a higher current density of 30 mA cm−2. In addition, the assembled Ni-Fe battery can provide a capacity of 0.85 mAh cm−2 at 16 mA cm−2, significantly outperforming most recently reported aqueous rechargeable batteries. This work may offer an innovative and feasible approach for modulating the local electronic structure of high-performance Ni-Fe battery electrode materials.
Ni-Fe水溶液可充电电池在大规模能源存储方面具有独特的优势，这得益于其价格合理、安全性和可靠性。然而，它们有限的能量密度和库仑效率源于不利的OH -吸附能力和Fe位的低电化学活性，导致Fe阳极的电极动力学延迟。在这里，我们报道了Mn和S共改性FeOOH （MSFF）纳米片作为Ni-Fe电池的高级阳极，在室温下通过简单的一步表面氧化还原蚀刻方法合成。基于Mn和S原子之间的强电子耦合效应，该MSFF阳极具有快速的电子传递能力、增强的OH -吸附能力和氧化还原反应性。具体来说，MSFF阳极在10 mA cm - 2时可以获得2 mAh cm - 2的高面容量，在30 mA cm - 2的高电流密度下经过9000次循环后，仍能保持96%的初始容量。此外，组装的Ni-Fe电池在16 mA cm - 2时可以提供0.85 mAh cm - 2的容量，显著优于最近报道的水性可充电电池。本研究为高性能镍铁电池电极材料的局部电子结构调制提供了一种创新和可行的方法。
{"title":"Electronic coupling effect optimized FeOOH nanosheets to enable high-performance Ni-Fe battery","authors":"Fan Yang, Ruiwang Zhang, Xunwei Ji, Shiwei Lin, Xihong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.075","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous rechargeable Ni-Fe batteries exhibit unique advantages in large-scale energy storage thanks to their affordability, safety, and reliability. However, their limited energy density and Coulombic efficiency stem from unfavorable OH<sup>−</sup> adsorption capability and low electrochemical activity of Fe sites, result in electrode kinetic delays for Fe anodes. Here, we report Mn and S co-modified FeOOH (MSFF) nanosheets as an advanced anode in Ni-Fe batteries, synthesized from a facile one-step surface-redox-etching method at room temperature. Based on the strong electronic coupling effect between Mn and S atoms, such MSFF anode presents fast electron transport capability, enhanced OH<sup>−</sup>-adsorption capability, and redox reactivity. Specifically, the MSFF anode can achieve a high areal capacity of 2 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, which retains a staggering 96% of the initial capacity after undergoing 9000 cycles at a higher current density of 30 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. In addition, the assembled Ni-Fe battery can provide a capacity of 0.85 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> at 16 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, significantly outperforming most recently reported aqueous rechargeable batteries. This work may offer an innovative and feasible approach for modulating the local electronic structure of high-performance Ni-Fe battery electrode materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser additive-manufactured (AM) metallic components typically have superior uniaxial tensile strength to their conventional processing counterparts. However, the strength and toughness trade-off for most AM-fabricated metallic parts remains unsolved. Generally, the heat treatment processes can enhance the elongation and toughness of as-deposited AM samples. In this work, the fracture toughness of high-power (7600 W) laser directed energy deposition Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) + heat treatment (short as Ti64 DED-HT) samples, were studied using fracture property tests. Combining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), confocal laser scanning microscope, and fractal geometry theory, we investigated their fracture mechanism and proposed a new prediction model between plane-strain fracture toughness (KIc) and conventional tensile properties. The results show that the plane-strain fracture toughness value in four states (two scanning speeds and two directions) is 81.3±0.7 MPa m1/2, higher than that of the wrought counterparts (∼65 MPa m1/2). This high plane-strain fracture toughness results from the combination of relatively fine columnar β grains and coarse α laths of the deposited parts after a specific heat-treated process. Combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope and fractal geometry analysis theory, we found that the rough surface profile leads to high fractal dimension values. In addition, we proposed a modified analytical prediction model, which can effectively predict the plane-strain fracture toughness value of AM Ti64 titanium alloys. These findings provide a guideline for obtaining a high strength–toughness and reliably predicting its KIc value in AM titanium alloys.
激光增材制造（AM）金属部件的单轴拉伸强度通常优于传统加工的金属部件。然而，大多数 AM 制成的金属部件的强度和韧性权衡问题仍未解决。一般来说，热处理工艺可以提高沉积 AM 样品的伸长率和韧性。在这项工作中，利用断裂特性测试研究了高功率（7600 W）激光定向能沉积 Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) + 热处理（简称 Ti64 DED-HT）样品的断裂韧性。结合电子反向散射衍射（EBSD）、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和分形几何理论，研究了它们的断裂机理，并提出了平面应变断裂韧性（KIc）与传统拉伸性能之间的新预测模型。结果表明，四种状态（两种扫描速度和两个方向）下的平面应变断裂韧性值为 81.3±0.7 MPa m1/2，高于锻造材料（∼65 MPa m1/2）。这种高平面应变断裂韧性源于经过特定热处理过程后，沉积部件中相对较细的柱状β晶粒和较粗的α板条的结合。结合共焦激光扫描显微镜和分形几何分析理论，我们发现粗糙的表面轮廓会导致较高的分形维度值。此外，我们还提出了一个改进的分析预测模型，可有效预测 AM Ti64 钛合金的平面应变断裂韧性值。这些发现为在 AM 钛合金中获得高强度-韧性并可靠地预测其 KIc 值提供了指导。
{"title":"Fracture toughness of titanium alloys fabricated by high-power laser-directed energy deposition: Fractal analysis and prediction model","authors":"Yongming Ren, Yuanshuai Cao, Yongqin Liu, Ziqi Jie, Zengyun Jian, Man Zhu, Shixing Huang, Meng Wang, Yinghui Zhou, Xin Lin, Weidong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"Laser additive-manufactured (AM) metallic components typically have superior uniaxial tensile strength to their conventional processing counterparts. However, the strength and toughness trade-off for most AM-fabricated metallic parts remains unsolved. Generally, the heat treatment processes can enhance the elongation and toughness of as-deposited AM samples. In this work, the fracture toughness of high-power (7600 W) laser directed energy deposition Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) + heat treatment (short as Ti64 DED-HT) samples, were studied using fracture property tests. Combining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), confocal laser scanning microscope, and fractal geometry theory, we investigated their fracture mechanism and proposed a new prediction model between plane-strain fracture toughness (<em>K</em><sub>Ic</sub>) and conventional tensile properties. The results show that the plane-strain fracture toughness value in four states (two scanning speeds and two directions) is 81.3±0.7 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup>, higher than that of the wrought counterparts (∼65 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup>). This high plane-strain fracture toughness results from the combination of relatively fine columnar β grains and coarse α laths of the deposited parts after a specific heat-treated process. Combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope and fractal geometry analysis theory, we found that the rough surface profile leads to high fractal dimension values. In addition, we proposed a modified analytical prediction model, which can effectively predict the plane-strain fracture toughness value of AM Ti64 titanium alloys. These findings provide a guideline for obtaining a high strength–toughness and reliably predicting its <em>K</em><sub>Ic</sub> value in AM titanium alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.072
H.Y. Bo, H.Y. Song, X.Y. Li
The short-range ordering (SRO) structure has been considered as a toughening method to improve the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, the strengthening mechanism of the SRO structures on the HEAs still needs to be further revealed. Here, the effect of element distribution, Al content, crack orientation, temperature, and strain rate on the crack propagation behavior of the AlxFeCoCrNi HEAs are investigated using Monte Carlo (MC)/molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Two HEA models are considered, one with five elements randomly distributed in the alloys, i.e. RSS_HEAs, and the other presenting SRO structure in the alloys, namely SRO_HEAs. The results show that Al atoms play a decisive role in the SRO degree of the HEA. The higher the Al content, the greater the SRO degree of the HEA, and the stronger the resistance of the SRO structure to crack propagation in the alloys. The results indicate that the reinforcement effect of the SRO structure in the model with the ()[110] crack is more significant than that with the ()[110] crack. The results show that the crack length of the alloys at maximum strain does not monotonically increase with temperature, but rather exhibits a turning point at the temperature of 400 K. When the temperature is below 400 K, the crack length of the alloys increases with the increase of temperature, while above 400 K, the opposite trend appears. In addition, the results indicate that the crack length of the alloys decreases with increasing strain rate under the same strain.
短程有序（SRO）结构被认为是改善高熵合金（HEAs）机械性能的一种增韧方法。然而，SRO 结构对高熵合金的强化机制仍有待进一步揭示。本文采用蒙特卡罗（MC）/分子动力学（MD）模拟方法研究了元素分布、铝含量、裂纹取向、温度和应变速率对 AlxFeCoCrNi HEA 裂纹扩展行为的影响。研究考虑了两种 HEA 模型，一种是在合金中随机分布五个元素的模型，即 RSS_HEAs，另一种是在合金中呈现 SRO 结构的模型，即 SRO_HEAs。结果表明，铝原子在 HEA 的 SRO 程度中起着决定性作用。铝含量越高，HEA 的 SRO 度越高，SRO 结构对合金裂纹扩展的抵抗力越强。结果表明，在（11¯1¯）[110] 裂纹的模型中，SRO 结构的补强效果比（1¯10）[110] 裂纹的模型更显著。结果表明，合金在最大应变时的裂纹长度并没有随温度的升高而单调增加，而是在温度为 400 K 时出现了一个转折点。此外，结果表明，在相同应变下，合金的裂纹长度随应变率的增加而减小。
{"title":"Effect of short-range ordering on crack propagation behavior of high-entropy alloys","authors":"H.Y. Bo, H.Y. Song, X.Y. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.072","url":null,"abstract":"The short-range ordering (SRO) structure has been considered as a toughening method to improve the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, the strengthening mechanism of the SRO structures on the HEAs still needs to be further revealed. Here, the effect of element distribution, Al content, crack orientation, temperature, and strain rate on the crack propagation behavior of the Al<em><sub>x</sub></em>FeCoCrNi HEAs are investigated using Monte Carlo (MC)/molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Two HEA models are considered, one with five elements randomly distributed in the alloys, i.e. RSS_HEAs, and the other presenting SRO structure in the alloys, namely SRO_HEAs. The results show that Al atoms play a decisive role in the SRO degree of the HEA. The higher the Al content, the greater the SRO degree of the HEA, and the stronger the resistance of the SRO structure to crack propagation in the alloys. The results indicate that the reinforcement effect of the SRO structure in the model with the (<span><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>)[110] crack is more significant than that with the (<span><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">10</mn></mrow></math></span>)[110] crack. The results show that the crack length of the alloys at maximum strain does not monotonically increase with temperature, but rather exhibits a turning point at the temperature of 400 K. When the temperature is below 400 K, the crack length of the alloys increases with the increase of temperature, while above 400 K, the opposite trend appears. In addition, the results indicate that the crack length of the alloys decreases with increasing strain rate under the same strain.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.024
Shuang Su, Wenjie Zhao, Xin Su, Yagnesh Shadangi, Zhishuai Jin, Zhiliang Ning, Yanming Zhang, Jianfei Sun, Yongjiang Huang
This study systematically investigates the influences of annealing treatment on the energy state, microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behaviors of metallic glasses (MGs). By reducing the energy state, the annealing process significantly enhances the structural ordering degree and uniformity of MGs, thereby improving their overall mechanical reliability. Specifically, annealing promotes the formation of localized icosahedral short-range order, a structural signature that contributes to improved nanohardness and tensile strength. Furthermore, the release and redistribution of internal stress during annealing further optimize the internal stress state, significantly enhancing the fracture resistance and achieving reliable mechanical performance. This study not only elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of annealing on the microstructure of MGs but also provides theoretical support and experimental evidence for exploring MG materials with high strength and high fracture reliability.
{"title":"Optimizing structural ordering degree to improve the mechanical reliability of metallic glasses","authors":"Shuang Su, Wenjie Zhao, Xin Su, Yagnesh Shadangi, Zhishuai Jin, Zhiliang Ning, Yanming Zhang, Jianfei Sun, Yongjiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically investigates the influences of annealing treatment on the energy state, microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behaviors of metallic glasses (MGs). By reducing the energy state, the annealing process significantly enhances the structural ordering degree and uniformity of MGs, thereby improving their overall mechanical reliability. Specifically, annealing promotes the formation of localized icosahedral short-range order, a structural signature that contributes to improved nanohardness and tensile strength. Furthermore, the release and redistribution of internal stress during annealing further optimize the internal stress state, significantly enhancing the fracture resistance and achieving reliable mechanical performance. This study not only elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of annealing on the microstructure of MGs but also provides theoretical support and experimental evidence for exploring MG materials with high strength and high fracture reliability.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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