Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.014
Yang Luo, Zixuan Wang, Zhongying Zhao, Mingtao Zhu
Conductive hydrogel combining injectability, anti-freezing, adhesiveness, and ultra-stretchability is a promising candidate for flexible wearable electronic sensors. The key challenge lies in achieving a synergistic balance of multiple physical interactions through a simple strategy. Herein, we report a fully physically crosslinked conductive hydrogel composed of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Ni2+ fabricated via a one-pot approach without chemical crosslinkers. Dynamic crosslinking arising from hydrogen-bonding networks and Ni2+-carboxylate coordination endows the hydrogel with robust mechanical properties (725 kPa tensile strength, 33000% elongation at break), efficient self-healing capability (∼90% recovery), and excellent thermal stability down to −40 °C. The polar DMSO-rich environment and dynamic metal–ligand interactions synergistically enhance ionic conductivity and sensing sensitivity. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits high transparency, pH responsiveness, and interfacial adhesion, providing a multifunctional platform for high-performance flexible sensors.
{"title":"Multi-functional performance of injectable ultra-stretchable nickel ion-mediated polyacrylic acid/DMSO hydrogels for flexible electronic sensor","authors":"Yang Luo, Zixuan Wang, Zhongying Zhao, Mingtao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive hydrogel combining injectability, anti-freezing, adhesiveness, and ultra-stretchability is a promising candidate for flexible wearable electronic sensors. The key challenge lies in achieving a synergistic balance of multiple physical interactions through a simple strategy. Herein, we report a fully physically crosslinked conductive hydrogel composed of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Ni<sup>2+</sup> fabricated via a one-pot approach without chemical crosslinkers. Dynamic crosslinking arising from hydrogen-bonding networks and Ni<sup>2+</sup>-carboxylate coordination endows the hydrogel with robust mechanical properties (725 kPa tensile strength, 33000% elongation at break), efficient self-healing capability (∼90% recovery), and excellent thermal stability down to −40 °C. The polar DMSO-rich environment and dynamic metal–ligand interactions synergistically enhance ionic conductivity and sensing sensitivity. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits high transparency, pH responsiveness, and interfacial adhesion, providing a multifunctional platform for high-performance flexible sensors.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147380901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.019
Mengjiao Peng, Zhijie Cui, Wenchao Peng, Jiapeng Liu
Electrochemical energy storage is a promising energy storage method due to its high energy density, fast response, and environmental benefits. Thereinto, electrode materials are pivotal in determining the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices. MXene, a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, stands out for its superior electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, abundant surface groups, and unique physicochemical properties, making it a promising electrode material. However, conventional MXene synthesis relies on fluorine-containing etchants, which not only pose safety and environmental risks but also may negatively impact the electrochemical properties of MXene. Hence, it is vital to develop a green and efficient method for fluorine-free MXene preparation, which holds great potential for electrochemical energy storage. This review comprehensively covers the structure and properties of MXene, and delves into fluorine-free synthesis methods such as electrochemical etching, alkali/fluorine-free acid etching, Lewis acidic molten salt etching, halogen etching, and other preparation methods. Meanwhile, recent advances of fluorine-free MXene in electrochemical energy storage devices are systematically summarized, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and zinc-ion batteries. Furthermore, future development perspectives are provided regarding fluorine-free MXene for electrochemical energy storage. Hence, this review aims to promote the research and application of fluorine-free MXene in electrochemical energy storage devices.
{"title":"Advances in fluorine-free MXene for electrochemical energy storage","authors":"Mengjiao Peng, Zhijie Cui, Wenchao Peng, Jiapeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical energy storage is a promising energy storage method due to its high energy density, fast response, and environmental benefits. Thereinto, electrode materials are pivotal in determining the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices. MXene, a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, stands out for its superior electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, abundant surface groups, and unique physicochemical properties, making it a promising electrode material. However, conventional MXene synthesis relies on fluorine-containing etchants, which not only pose safety and environmental risks but also may negatively impact the electrochemical properties of MXene. Hence, it is vital to develop a green and efficient method for fluorine-free MXene preparation, which holds great potential for electrochemical energy storage. This review comprehensively covers the structure and properties of MXene, and delves into fluorine-free synthesis methods such as electrochemical etching, alkali/fluorine-free acid etching, Lewis acidic molten salt etching, halogen etching, and other preparation methods. Meanwhile, recent advances of fluorine-free MXene in electrochemical energy storage devices are systematically summarized, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and zinc-ion batteries. Furthermore, future development perspectives are provided regarding fluorine-free MXene for electrochemical energy storage. Hence, this review aims to promote the research and application of fluorine-free MXene in electrochemical energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.016
Yuanhang Xia, Xinran Ma, Te Zhu, Pu Zhao, Xingzhong Cao, Yue Chen, Jiuchun Yan, Alfonso H.W. Ngan
Contrary to the traditional Blaha effect in ordinary metals and alloys, where ultrasonic excitations induce softening, this study unveils an abnormal acoustoplasticity effect in the CrCoNi complex concentrated alloy (CCA), where ultrasound induces hardening up to 52% by increasing the ultrasonic amplitude. Two effects contribute to this unusual phenomenon in CrCoNi. First, as ultrasound amplitude increases, dislocations multiply, leading to work hardening, as opposed to annihilation leading to softening as in ordinary metals and alloys, due to the very low stacking fault energy in CrCoNi, which makes dipole annihilation on stress reversal difficult. Secondly, ultrasound vibrations trigger novel disordering-ordering transitions in CrCoNi, progressing from short- to long-range ordering, resulting in phases including L12 and Cr2O3 nano-precipitates as well as large (∼2.37 μm) Cr2O3 precipitates. Combined experiments and Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics (MC/MD) simulations suggest that the enhanced ordering stems from two mechanisms: (i) the multiplied dislocations attract atomic segregation at their cores, and (ii) the incomplete dipole annihilation driven by stress reversals elevates the concentration of vacancies, which enhances atomic diffusion for ordering. These ordered phases may facilitate higher dislocation nucleation rates and hinder dislocation mobility, further promoting dislocation multiplication in the CrCoNi alloy, which has low cross-slip potential. Quantitative analysis reveals that the contribution of ordering to hardening even surpasses Taylor hardening at an ultrasound amplitude of 11 μm. This work shows an unexpected acoustoplastic response in CCAs arising from the coupling of dislocation-based mechanisms and ultrasound-induced ordering, offering a novel pathway for customizing the mechanical properties in these alloys.
{"title":"Abnormal acoustoplasticity originating from ultrasound-controlled evolution of multiscale ordering in complex concentrated alloys","authors":"Yuanhang Xia, Xinran Ma, Te Zhu, Pu Zhao, Xingzhong Cao, Yue Chen, Jiuchun Yan, Alfonso H.W. Ngan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to the traditional Blaha effect in ordinary metals and alloys, where ultrasonic excitations induce softening, this study unveils an abnormal acoustoplasticity effect in the CrCoNi complex concentrated alloy (CCA), where ultrasound induces hardening up to 52% by increasing the ultrasonic amplitude. Two effects contribute to this unusual phenomenon in CrCoNi. First, as ultrasound amplitude increases, dislocations multiply, leading to work hardening, as opposed to annihilation leading to softening as in ordinary metals and alloys, due to the very low stacking fault energy in CrCoNi, which makes dipole annihilation on stress reversal difficult. Secondly, ultrasound vibrations trigger novel disordering-ordering transitions in CrCoNi, progressing from short- to long-range ordering, resulting in phases including L1<sub>2</sub> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nano-precipitates as well as large (∼2.37 μm) Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> precipitates. Combined experiments and Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics (MC/MD) simulations suggest that the enhanced ordering stems from two mechanisms: (i) the multiplied dislocations attract atomic segregation at their cores, and (ii) the incomplete dipole annihilation driven by stress reversals elevates the concentration of vacancies, which enhances atomic diffusion for ordering. These ordered phases may facilitate higher dislocation nucleation rates and hinder dislocation mobility, further promoting dislocation multiplication in the CrCoNi alloy, which has low cross-slip potential. Quantitative analysis reveals that the contribution of ordering to hardening even surpasses Taylor hardening at an ultrasound amplitude of 11 μm. This work shows an unexpected acoustoplastic response in CCAs arising from the coupling of dislocation-based mechanisms and ultrasound-induced ordering, offering a novel pathway for customizing the mechanical properties in these alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrocaloric (EC) refrigeration technology utilizes the reversible temperature change of dielectric materials under an applied electric field to achieve solid-state cooling, demonstrating significant application potential in micro-scale refrigeration due to its compact structure, high energy conversion efficiency, and environmental friendliness. However, its practical implementation faces a critical challenge: the inherent trade-off between an outstanding adiabatic temperature change (ΔT) and a broad operating temperature span (Tspan). This study focuses on the (Ba0.84Sr0.16)(Hf0.07Ti0.93)O3 (BSHT) system, employing a combined strategy of phase transition engineering and chemical modification. By introducing rare-earth La3+ to fine-tune the local structure, lattice distortion, and polar nanoregion (PNRs) reconfiguration were induced, enabling precise control of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase boundary. Microstructural characterization confirmed the formation of a multiphase coexistence state, while dielectric and ferroelectric analyses revealed optimized phase transition behavior. EC performance tests demonstrated that the 0.01La composition achieved a remarkable ΔT of 1.73 K under 50 kV/cm while exhibiting a wide Tspan of 61°C (47–108°C), and the 0.02La composition further extended the operational window to 30–102°C (Tspan = 72°C), breaking the conventional trade-off between ΔT and Tspan. This research provides a novel approach for developing high-performance EC materials that combine both large ΔT and broad Tspan, advancing the practical application of solid-state refrigeration technology.
{"title":"The large electrocaloric effect with broad operational temperature Range in (Ba,Sr)(Hf,Ti)O3 systems achieved through La3+-induced ferroelectric phase transition for miniaturized solid-state refrigeration","authors":"Huanhuan Li, Quan Li, Haoyu Wang, Yifei Liang, Ying Zheng, Xing Zhao, Xiaonan Kang, Chunlin Song, Yan Yan, Mingyuan Gao, Yuhua Sun, Hua Tan, Haibo Zhang, Gang Liu, Shengguo Lu, Shenglin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.056","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocaloric (EC) refrigeration technology utilizes the reversible temperature change of dielectric materials under an applied electric field to achieve solid-state cooling, demonstrating significant application potential in micro-scale refrigeration due to its compact structure, high energy conversion efficiency, and environmental friendliness. However, its practical implementation faces a critical challenge: the inherent trade-off between an outstanding adiabatic temperature change (Δ<em>T</em>) and a broad operating temperature span (<em>T</em><sub>span</sub>). This study focuses on the (Ba<sub>0.84</sub>Sr<sub>0.16</sub>)(Hf<sub>0.07</sub>Ti<sub>0.93</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BSHT) system, employing a combined strategy of phase transition engineering and chemical modification. By introducing rare-earth La<sup>3+</sup> to fine-tune the local structure, lattice distortion, and polar nanoregion (PNRs) reconfiguration were induced, enabling precise control of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase boundary. Microstructural characterization confirmed the formation of a multiphase coexistence state, while dielectric and ferroelectric analyses revealed optimized phase transition behavior. EC performance tests demonstrated that the 0.01La composition achieved a remarkable Δ<em>T</em> of 1.73 K under 50 kV/cm while exhibiting a wide <em>T</em><sub>span</sub> of 61°C (47–108°C), and the 0.02La composition further extended the operational window to 30–102°C (<em>T</em><sub>span</sub> = 72°C), breaking the conventional trade-off between Δ<em>T</em> and <em>T</em><sub>span</sub>. This research provides a novel approach for developing high-performance EC materials that combine both large Δ<em>T</em> and broad <em>T</em><sub>span</sub>, advancing the practical application of solid-state refrigeration technology.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.055
Yanlong Yang, Liang Shao, Jie Wang, Zhanyou Ji, Chengyang Su, Chongyu Li
The development of low-reflection electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is essential for mitigating secondary electromagnetic pollution. However, integrating high-performance EMI shielding with additional functionalities such as photothermal conversion and infrared stealth into flexible composites remains challenging. In this study, a multifunctional Janus-structured composite film (denoted as MC/MA‑J) was prepared, composed of carbonyl iron powder (CIP), silver-coated carbon fibers (CPAg), methyl vinyl silicone rubber, and acrylate rubber. The resulting MC‑5/MA‑J composite film exhibits an exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness of 55.27 dB in the X‑band, alongside a low reflection coefficient (R) of 0.48. This performance originates from the synergistic magnetic and eddy‑current losses of CIP, the dielectric and polarization losses of CPAg, and an “absorption-reflection-reabsorption” mechanism enabled by the magneto‑electrical asymmetry of the Janus architecture. Moreover, the film exhibits efficient photothermal conversion (reaching 115.1 °C under 4.5 W cm−2) with excellent cycling stability, satisfactory infrared stealth capability, and robust mechanical flexibility. The multifunctional composite film developed herein thus shows promising application potential in green shielding and multifunctional integrated systems.
研制低反射电磁干扰屏蔽复合材料是缓解二次电磁污染的必要手段。然而，将高性能EMI屏蔽与光热转换和红外隐身等附加功能集成到柔性复合材料中仍然具有挑战性。本研究制备了一种由羰基铁粉（CIP）、镀银碳纤维（CPAg）、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶和丙烯酸酯橡胶组成的多功能janus结构复合薄膜（记为MC/MA‑J）。所得到的MC - 5/MA - J复合薄膜在X波段具有55.27 dB的卓越EMI屏蔽效能，同时反射系数(R)低至0.48。这种性能源于CIP的协同磁性和涡流损耗，CPAg的介电和极化损耗，以及Janus结构的磁电不对称所实现的“吸收-反射-重吸收”机制。此外，该薄膜具有高效的光热转换（在4.5 W cm−2下达到115.1 °C），具有出色的循环稳定性，令人满意的红外隐身能力和强大的机械灵活性。因此，所研制的多功能复合薄膜在绿色屏蔽和多功能集成系统中具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Flexible Janus-structured composite films for low-reflection EMI shielding, photothermal conversion, and infrared stealth","authors":"Yanlong Yang, Liang Shao, Jie Wang, Zhanyou Ji, Chengyang Su, Chongyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.055","url":null,"abstract":"The development of low-reflection electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is essential for mitigating secondary electromagnetic pollution. However, integrating high-performance EMI shielding with additional functionalities such as photothermal conversion and infrared stealth into flexible composites remains challenging. In this study, a multifunctional Janus-structured composite film (denoted as MC/MA‑J) was prepared, composed of carbonyl iron powder (CIP), silver-coated carbon fibers (CPAg), methyl vinyl silicone rubber, and acrylate rubber. The resulting MC‑5/MA‑J composite film exhibits an exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness of 55.27 dB in the X‑band, alongside a low reflection coefficient (<em>R</em>) of 0.48. This performance originates from the synergistic magnetic and eddy‑current losses of CIP, the dielectric and polarization losses of CPAg, and an “absorption-reflection-reabsorption” mechanism enabled by the magneto‑electrical asymmetry of the Janus architecture. Moreover, the film exhibits efficient photothermal conversion (reaching 115.1 °C under 4.5 W cm<sup>−2</sup>) with excellent cycling stability, satisfactory infrared stealth capability, and robust mechanical flexibility. The multifunctional composite film developed herein thus shows promising application potential in green shielding and multifunctional integrated systems.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.012
Huaide Zhang, Matthias Wuttig, Yuan Yu
Thermoelectric materials, capable of realizing direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy, hold great promise for waste heat recovery and solid-state cooling. Their performance is quantified by the dimensionless figure of merit (zT). For decades, enhancement strategies have focused on macro-scale engineering, often treating materials as homogeneous media. However, the properties of polycrystalline thermoelectrics are governed by a complex landscape of microstructural features, particularly grain boundaries (GBs), which exhibit a dual nature in transport. They can scatter phonons to reduce lattice thermal conductivity but also impede charge carriers, degrading electrical conductivity. Recent advances in correlative characterization techniques, combining electron backscatter diffraction, focused ion beam milling, micro-fabrication, physical property measurement systems, and atom probe tomography (APT), enable a "one-to-one" structure-property relationship at the micro- and nanoscale. This review demonstrates how these methods reveal that the electrical transport across individual GBs is dictated by misorientation angle, chemical segregation, and, crucially, the local chemical bonding character. The collapse of metavalent bonding (MVB) at GBs, detected by a drop in the probability of multiple events in APT, drastically reduces dielectric screening and creates high potential barriers. Conversely, strategic dopant segregation can passivate GBs, and MVB-based precipitates in elemental Te can enhance bulk conductivity via favorable band alignment. By unifying insights from macro-scale performance with micro/nano-scale mechanisms and quantum-mechanical bonding maps, this work charts a path for the bottom-up design of next-generation, high-efficiency thermoelectric materials.
{"title":"The structure-bonding-property paradigm in thermoelectrics: Microscale insights from correlative characterization","authors":"Huaide Zhang, Matthias Wuttig, Yuan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric materials, capable of realizing direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy, hold great promise for waste heat recovery and solid-state cooling. Their performance is quantified by the dimensionless figure of merit (zT). For decades, enhancement strategies have focused on macro-scale engineering, often treating materials as homogeneous media. However, the properties of polycrystalline thermoelectrics are governed by a complex landscape of microstructural features, particularly grain boundaries (GBs), which exhibit a dual nature in transport. They can scatter phonons to reduce lattice thermal conductivity but also impede charge carriers, degrading electrical conductivity. Recent advances in correlative characterization techniques, combining electron backscatter diffraction, focused ion beam milling, micro-fabrication, physical property measurement systems, and atom probe tomography (APT), enable a \"one-to-one\" structure-property relationship at the micro- and nanoscale. This review demonstrates how these methods reveal that the electrical transport across individual GBs is dictated by misorientation angle, chemical segregation, and, crucially, the local chemical bonding character. The collapse of metavalent bonding (MVB) at GBs, detected by a drop in the probability of multiple events in APT, drastically reduces dielectric screening and creates high potential barriers. Conversely, strategic dopant segregation can passivate GBs, and MVB-based precipitates in elemental Te can enhance bulk conductivity via favorable band alignment. By unifying insights from macro-scale performance with micro/nano-scale mechanisms and quantum-mechanical bonding maps, this work charts a path for the bottom-up design of next-generation, high-efficiency thermoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.010
Haitao Zhao, Zanyang Liu, Junheng Gao, Honghui Wu, Zhongzhu Liu, Guodong Zhang, Chaolei Zhang, Yuhe Huang, Jun Lu, Shuize Wang, Bradley P. Wynne, Xinping Mao, Eric J. Palmiere
The crystallographic and morphological characteristics of acicular ferrite (AF) and their formation mechanisms were investigated in this research. A high-strength low-alloy steel was processed to promote AF formation, and a numerical fitting method was employed to reconstruct the deformed austenite orientations. Comprehensive crystallographic analysis revealed that the crystallographic characteristics of AF are manifested in the selection of variants from multiple close-packed planes (CP) and Bain groups and the near-random variant pairing. This is distinct from those observed in other bainitic microstructures in the literature, exhibiting variants selected from either the same CP or the same Bain group and the preferential variant pairing. These unique crystallographic features arise from multi-variant intragranular nucleation, arrest of lengthening laths and self-accommodation of the transformation shape strain, driven by austenite deformation and proper cooling. Correlative morphology characterization and three-dimensional atom probe results indicate that the boundaries between AF laths become metallographically distinguishable through crystal faceting, martensite/austenite constituent delineating, and surface protrusions induced by carbon segregation at grain boundaries. The morphological features of AF—chaotic grain arrangements and irregular grain shapes—are direct consequences of AF’s distinct crystallographic characteristics and the above boundary revelation mechanisms. These findings advance the understanding and characterization of AF and provide insight into weakening variant selection and forming random variant pairing by austenite deformation and appropriate cooling.
{"title":"Crystallographic and morphological characteristics of acicular ferrite and their formation mechanisms in HSLA steels","authors":"Haitao Zhao, Zanyang Liu, Junheng Gao, Honghui Wu, Zhongzhu Liu, Guodong Zhang, Chaolei Zhang, Yuhe Huang, Jun Lu, Shuize Wang, Bradley P. Wynne, Xinping Mao, Eric J. Palmiere","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"The crystallographic and morphological characteristics of acicular ferrite (AF) and their formation mechanisms were investigated in this research. A high-strength low-alloy steel was processed to promote AF formation, and a numerical fitting method was employed to reconstruct the deformed austenite orientations. Comprehensive crystallographic analysis revealed that the crystallographic characteristics of AF are manifested in the selection of variants from multiple close-packed planes (CP) and Bain groups and the near-random variant pairing. This is distinct from those observed in other bainitic microstructures in the literature, exhibiting variants selected from either the same CP or the same Bain group and the preferential variant pairing. These unique crystallographic features arise from multi-variant intragranular nucleation, arrest of lengthening laths and self-accommodation of the transformation shape strain, driven by austenite deformation and proper cooling. Correlative morphology characterization and three-dimensional atom probe results indicate that the boundaries between AF laths become metallographically distinguishable through crystal faceting, martensite/austenite constituent delineating, and surface protrusions induced by carbon segregation at grain boundaries. The morphological features of AF—chaotic grain arrangements and irregular grain shapes—are direct consequences of AF’s distinct crystallographic characteristics and the above boundary revelation mechanisms. These findings advance the understanding and characterization of AF and provide insight into weakening variant selection and forming random variant pairing by austenite deformation and appropriate cooling.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.053
Jiahang Liu, Yuzhen Yin, Junhao Gao, Xuan Luo, Di Ouyang, Weifeng Liu, Jiahao Yao, Lin Liu, Jie Pan
Elucidating the high-strain-rate deformation behavior of eutectic high-entropy alloys is crucial for their deployment in extreme environments, yet the critical role of lamellar thickness in governing dynamic mechanical properties and damage evolution remains to be fully understood. In this work, the dynamic spall behavior of an AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) in its as-cast and additively manufactured (as-print) states is systematically investigated using plate impact experiments. Nanoscale refinement of the eutectic lamellae achieved by AM increases the quasi-static yield strength from 0.47 to 1.32 GPa under uniaxial tension and, more importantly, enhances the spall strength from 2.93 to 4.09 GPa at an impact velocity of ∼400 m/s. This improvement is attributed to a high density of nanoscale semi-coherent interfaces in the as-print EHEA, which act as strong barriers to dislocation glide, promote the formation of stacking faults and Lomer–Cottrell locks, and thereby activate multiple slip systems. Simultaneously, interfaces satisfying a Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship provide preferential channels for dislocation transmission across the lamellae. This synergy of barrier-type and channel-type interfaces disperses plastic deformation, delays void nucleation, and also suppresses damage coalescence through crack blunting and deflection, leading to an exceptional combination of yield strength and spall resistance in an as-print EHEA compared with its as-cast counterpart.
{"title":"Additive-manufactured nanoscale lamellar architecture enables enhanced dynamic damage resistance in an AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy","authors":"Jiahang Liu, Yuzhen Yin, Junhao Gao, Xuan Luo, Di Ouyang, Weifeng Liu, Jiahao Yao, Lin Liu, Jie Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.053","url":null,"abstract":"Elucidating the high-strain-rate deformation behavior of eutectic high-entropy alloys is crucial for their deployment in extreme environments, yet the critical role of lamellar thickness in governing dynamic mechanical properties and damage evolution remains to be fully understood. In this work, the dynamic spall behavior of an AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) in its as-cast and additively manufactured (as-print) states is systematically investigated using plate impact experiments. Nanoscale refinement of the eutectic lamellae achieved by AM increases the quasi-static yield strength from 0.47 to 1.32 GPa under uniaxial tension and, more importantly, enhances the spall strength from 2.93 to 4.09 GPa at an impact velocity of ∼400 m/s. This improvement is attributed to a high density of nanoscale semi-coherent interfaces in the as-print EHEA, which act as strong barriers to dislocation glide, promote the formation of stacking faults and Lomer–Cottrell locks, and thereby activate multiple slip systems. Simultaneously, interfaces satisfying a Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship provide preferential channels for dislocation transmission across the lamellae. This synergy of barrier-type and channel-type interfaces disperses plastic deformation, delays void nucleation, and also suppresses damage coalescence through crack blunting and deflection, leading to an exceptional combination of yield strength and spall resistance in an as-print EHEA compared with its as-cast counterpart.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.009
Yuan Wang, Chong-Jian Zhou, Xin-Hao Zhao, Ruo-Pu Liu, Meng-Yue Wu, Zhong-Qi Shi, Guang-Kun Ren, Jun Tang, Lei Yang
Decoupling the interrelated thermoelectric parameters is challenging for developing Ag2Se-based room temperature thermoelectrics. In this study, we construct specific grain boundary complexes that contain nano-sized TiO2 and Au particles in Ag2Se through a one-step solvothermal process combined with spark plasma sintering. The decorated Ag2Se exhibits enhanced power factor due to the increased carrier concentration and maintained carrier mobility, while the introduced broadband phonon scattering effectively reduced thermal conductivity. The decoupled electrical and thermal transport properties result in a high zT value of 1.19 at 390 K in the Ag2Se decorated by 0.4 wt.% TiO2 and 0.5wt.% Au, along with improved mechanical properties. The device assembled by using the optimal sample shows a maximum output power of 65 mW and a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 2.3% under a temperature difference of 80 K. The aging test results highlight the good stability of our devices. Therefore, constructing grain boundary complexes could be a promising strategy for developing practical Ag2Se thermoelectrics.
{"title":"Constructing grain boundary complexes for high-efficiency and strengthened Ag2Se thermoelectrics","authors":"Yuan Wang, Chong-Jian Zhou, Xin-Hao Zhao, Ruo-Pu Liu, Meng-Yue Wu, Zhong-Qi Shi, Guang-Kun Ren, Jun Tang, Lei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"Decoupling the interrelated thermoelectric parameters is challenging for developing Ag<sub>2</sub>Se-based room temperature thermoelectrics. In this study, we construct specific grain boundary complexes that contain nano-sized TiO<sub>2</sub> and Au particles in Ag<sub>2</sub>Se through a one-step solvothermal process combined with spark plasma sintering. The decorated Ag<sub>2</sub>Se exhibits enhanced power factor due to the increased carrier concentration and maintained carrier mobility, while the introduced broadband phonon scattering effectively reduced thermal conductivity. The decoupled electrical and thermal transport properties result in a high zT value of 1.19 at 390 K in the Ag<sub>2</sub>Se decorated by 0.4 wt.% TiO<sub>2</sub> and 0.5wt.% Au, along with improved mechanical properties. The device assembled by using the optimal sample shows a maximum output power of 65 mW and a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 2.3% under a temperature difference of 80 K. The aging test results highlight the good stability of our devices. Therefore, constructing grain boundary complexes could be a promising strategy for developing practical Ag<sub>2</sub>Se thermoelectrics.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.011
Mingze Sun, Hongchao Li, Zhengxiu Ma, Weiye Nie, Xiaohua Jian, Wenwu Cao
Piezoelectric materials typically suffer from a fundamental trade-off between high piezoelectric coefficients and temperature stability, which limits their practical operating range. Lowering the Curie temperature via doping can enhance piezoelectric response but inevitably compromises thermal stability. We report here a significant advancement toward the goal of simultaneously enhancing piezoelectric coefficient and increase temperature stability in PIN-PZ-PT ternary ceramics through synergistic phase boundary engineering and microstructure optimization to achieve a high Curie temperature (TC∼353°C), superior piezoelectric properties (d33∼628 pC/N, d33*∼727 pm/V), and outstanding temperature stability with 6.26% variation in d33 and 11.2% fluctuation in electromechanical coupling coefficient kt in the temperature range of 25–300°C, and only 1.77% change in d33* in the temperature range of 25–200°C. The practical applicability of this material is demonstrated through the fabrication of an ultrasonic transducers, which show excellent performance up to 300°C, opening up new possibilities for high-performance piezoelectric devices operating in high-temperature environments.
{"title":"PIN-PZ-PT ceramics with ultra-stable high piezoelectric properties up to 300°C for high-temperature ultrasonic transducers","authors":"Mingze Sun, Hongchao Li, Zhengxiu Ma, Weiye Nie, Xiaohua Jian, Wenwu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric materials typically suffer from a fundamental trade-off between high piezoelectric coefficients and temperature stability, which limits their practical operating range. Lowering the Curie temperature via doping can enhance piezoelectric response but inevitably compromises thermal stability. We report here a significant advancement toward the goal of simultaneously enhancing piezoelectric coefficient and increase temperature stability in PIN-PZ-PT ternary ceramics through synergistic phase boundary engineering and microstructure optimization to achieve a high Curie temperature (<ce:italic>T</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">C</ce:inf>∼353°C), superior piezoelectric properties (<ce:italic>d</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">33</ce:inf>∼628 pC/N, <ce:italic>d</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">33</ce:inf>*∼727 pm/V), and outstanding temperature stability with 6.26% variation in <ce:italic>d</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">33</ce:inf> and 11.2% fluctuation in electromechanical coupling coefficient <ce:italic>k</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">t</ce:inf> in the temperature range of 25–300°C, and only 1.77% change in <ce:italic>d</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">33</ce:inf>* in the temperature range of 25–200°C. The practical applicability of this material is demonstrated through the fabrication of an ultrasonic transducers, which show excellent performance up to 300°C, opening up new possibilities for high-performance piezoelectric devices operating in high-temperature environments.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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