Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.001
Zhiqing Zhang, Kaicheng Lu, Shude Ji, Yumei Yue, Qi Song, Chen Jin, Zhenyang Li, Lin Ma
For friction stir lap welding (FSLW) process by the rotating pin greatly inserting into the bottom plate, the bending-down morphology of hook helps to obtain a high-strength lap joint, and can be more conducive to the joint strength when the tensile-fractured path is located in the top plate. In light of this, the reverse-flow FSLW (RF-FSLW) by a newly designed rotating tool with a right-left threaded X-shape pin (X-pin) was employed to weld 2024-T4 aluminum alloys with the same plate thickness, and the flow field simulation, in situ tensile test and EBSD analysis were utilized to understand the relations among the formation features, the fracture features and the joint strengths. The results indicated that under the integrated effects of the bending-down shape of hook, the bulging shape of nugget zone (NZ) and the bending-up shape of beginning part of cold lap near NZ outline, the RF-FSLW joint was tensile fractured in the top plate of joint. For the RF-FSLW joint, its maximum tensile strength was 412 MPa, and the corresponding joint efficiency (92.8%) was larger than that of reported friction stir welded joint of 2024 aluminum alloys in T temper condition. The RF-FSLW technology by the right-left threaded X-pin puts forward an extremely effective way for obtaining the superb-strength lap joint of aluminum alloys.
{"title":"A novel reverse-flow friction stir lap welding of 2024 aluminum alloys based on a right-left thread X-shape pin","authors":"Zhiqing Zhang, Kaicheng Lu, Shude Ji, Yumei Yue, Qi Song, Chen Jin, Zhenyang Li, Lin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"For friction stir lap welding (FSLW) process by the rotating pin greatly inserting into the bottom plate, the bending-down morphology of hook helps to obtain a high-strength lap joint, and can be more conducive to the joint strength when the tensile-fractured path is located in the top plate. In light of this, the reverse-flow FSLW (RF-FSLW) by a newly designed rotating tool with a right-left threaded X-shape pin (X-pin) was employed to weld 2024-T4 aluminum alloys with the same plate thickness, and the flow field simulation, in situ tensile test and EBSD analysis were utilized to understand the relations among the formation features, the fracture features and the joint strengths. The results indicated that under the integrated effects of the bending-down shape of hook, the bulging shape of nugget zone (NZ) and the bending-up shape of beginning part of cold lap near NZ outline, the RF-FSLW joint was tensile fractured in the top plate of joint. For the RF-FSLW joint, its maximum tensile strength was 412 MPa, and the corresponding joint efficiency (92.8%) was larger than that of reported friction stir welded joint of 2024 aluminum alloys in T temper condition. The RF-FSLW technology by the right-left threaded X-pin puts forward an extremely effective way for obtaining the superb-strength lap joint of aluminum alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving ballistic impact resistance in a lightweight magnesium (Mg) alloy is a requirement of the aerospace and military industries. However, Mg alloy has poor ballistic impact resistance, mainly attributed to its soft nature and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure. In the current study, we reported that the die-casted Mg-Gd-Y-Zn (WEZ) alloy displayed high ballistic impact resistance against a 7.62 mm steel core projectile under both low and high-velocity impact. Most specifically, a perfect ballistic impact resistance is achieved at velocities of 344 and 605 m s−1, having a depth of penetration of ∼ 12 and ∼ 25 mm, respectively. In addition, for a very high velocity of 810 m s−1, the projectile was impeded in the sheet but at the cost of a small hole/scab on the rear face. The potential reason is the “fibrous microstructure”, comprised of profuse blocky type long period stacking order (LPSOs), rod type LPSOs, lamellar LPSOs, and some rare earth (RE) enriched precipitates. These “microstructure features” act like a fiber reinforced α-Mg and play a decisive role in achieving high strength at super elevated temperature compression (500°C) under a high strain rate (∼ 4000 s−1), even much higher compared to 4000 s−1 at room temperature. As a result, this characteristic of WEZ Mg alloy leads to a high absorption capacity at elevated temperatures (90.83 ∼ MJ m−3). This high absorption capacity due to high strength at elevated temperatures, fibrous microstructure, and hardness (∼ 80 HV) offered high resistance to impact and shock wave propagation. Consequently, the projectile experienced a high resistance against perforation, and therefore, ballistic impact resistance was achieved. Last but not least, the post-deformation features also help in understanding the stress mitigation of WEZ Mg alloy during ballistic impact, which can be advantageous while designing Mg alloys as a ballistic impact-resistant material.
{"title":"Achieving ballistic impact resistance in a lightweight Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy against a 7.62 mm steel core projectile for anti-armor applications; a microstructural approach","authors":"Abdul Malik, Sehreish Abrar, Faisal Nazeer, Umer Masood Chaudry, Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving ballistic impact resistance in a lightweight magnesium (Mg) alloy is a requirement of the aerospace and military industries. However, Mg alloy has poor ballistic impact resistance, mainly attributed to its soft nature and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure. In the current study, we reported that the die-casted Mg-Gd-Y-Zn (WEZ) alloy displayed high ballistic impact resistance against a 7.62 mm steel core projectile under both low and high-velocity impact. Most specifically, a perfect ballistic impact resistance is achieved at velocities of 344 and 605 m s<sup>−1</sup>, having a depth of penetration of ∼ 12 and ∼ 25 mm, respectively. In addition, for a very high velocity of 810 m s<sup>−1</sup>, the projectile was impeded in the sheet but at the cost of a small hole/scab on the rear face. The potential reason is the “fibrous microstructure”, comprised of profuse blocky type long period stacking order (LPSO<sub>s</sub>), rod type LPSO<sub>s</sub>, lamellar LPSO<sub>s</sub>, and some rare earth (RE) enriched precipitates. These “microstructure features” act like a fiber reinforced α-Mg and play a decisive role in achieving high strength at super elevated temperature compression (500°C) under a high strain rate (∼ 4000 s<sup>−1</sup>), even much higher compared to 4000 s<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature. As a result, this characteristic of WEZ Mg alloy leads to a high absorption capacity at elevated temperatures (90.83 ∼ MJ m<sup>−3</sup>). This high absorption capacity due to high strength at elevated temperatures, fibrous microstructure, and hardness (∼ 80 HV) offered high resistance to impact and shock wave propagation. Consequently, the projectile experienced a high resistance against perforation, and therefore, ballistic impact resistance was achieved. Last but not least, the post-deformation features also help in understanding the stress mitigation of WEZ Mg alloy during ballistic impact, which can be advantageous while designing Mg alloys as a ballistic impact-resistant material.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.030
Wen An, Qi-Lin Xiong, Chuan-zhi Liu, Zhenhuan Li, Jian Wang, Songlin Yao
Corresponding to the continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism, we proposed a dislocation entanglement model and an energy-based criterion to capture the formation of subgrain boundaries during high strain rate deformation. A physical relationship between grain refinement and dislocation evolution is established and incorporated into the crystal plasticity constitutive model, where the spatial position of the subgrain boundaries can be determined by the energy minimization path. The developed constitutive model is implemented to simulate the dynamic compression and tension tests of pure copper by the crystal plasticity finite element method. Results show that the developed grain refinement model based on the dislocation entanglement gives good agreement with the experimental data validating its feasibility and rationality. The strengthening effect of grain refinement on the flow stress of metals at high strain rates depends on the competition between the strengthening of grain boundary and the softening of dislocation consumption during grain refinement. Further, a series of dynamic compressions are performed on copper samples with different grain sizes to explore the strengthening effect of grain refinement. The corresponding mechanisms of strengthening are analyzed and their respective contributions are also discussed in detail. The developed model can accurately predict the grain refinement of metals and capture its effect on strain hardening under high strain rate deformation.
{"title":"Grain refinement and its effect of polycrystalline metals during high strain rate deformation: Crystal plasticity modeling","authors":"Wen An, Qi-Lin Xiong, Chuan-zhi Liu, Zhenhuan Li, Jian Wang, Songlin Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding to the continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism, we proposed a dislocation entanglement model and an energy-based criterion to capture the formation of subgrain boundaries during high strain rate deformation. A physical relationship between grain refinement and dislocation evolution is established and incorporated into the crystal plasticity constitutive model, where the spatial position of the subgrain boundaries can be determined by the energy minimization path. The developed constitutive model is implemented to simulate the dynamic compression and tension tests of pure copper by the crystal plasticity finite element method. Results show that the developed grain refinement model based on the dislocation entanglement gives good agreement with the experimental data validating its feasibility and rationality. The strengthening effect of grain refinement on the flow stress of metals at high strain rates depends on the competition between the strengthening of grain boundary and the softening of dislocation consumption during grain refinement. Further, a series of dynamic compressions are performed on copper samples with different grain sizes to explore the strengthening effect of grain refinement. The corresponding mechanisms of strengthening are analyzed and their respective contributions are also discussed in detail. The developed model can accurately predict the grain refinement of metals and capture its effect on strain hardening under high strain rate deformation.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.035
Aihua Yu, Yu Pan, Fucheng Wan, Fan Kuang, Xin Lu
Achieving the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in laser powder bed fused (LPBF-ed) titanium (Ti) is challenging due to the complex, high-dimensional parameter space and interactions between parameters and powders. Herein, a hybrid intelligent framework for process parameter optimization of LPBF-ed Ti with improved ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) was proposed. It combines the data augmentation method (AVG ± EC × SD), the multi-model fusion stacking ensemble learning model (GBDT-BPNN-XGBoost), the interpretable machine learning method and the non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). The GBDT-BPNN-XGBoost outperforms single models in predicting UTS and EL across the accuracy, generalization ability and stability. The SHAP analysis reveals that laser power (P) is the most important feature affecting both UTS and EL, and it has a positive impact on them when P < 220 W. The UTS and EL of samples fabricated by the optimal process parameters were 718 ± 5 MPa and 27.9% ± 0.1%, respectively. The outstanding strength-ductility balance is attributable to the forward stresses in hard α’-martensite and back stresses in soft αm’-martensite induced by the strain gradients of hetero-microstructure. The back stresses strengthen the soft αm’-martensite, improving the overall UTS. The forward stresses stimulate the activation of dislocations in hard α’-martensite and the generation of <c+a> dislocations, allowing the plastic strain to occur in hard regions and enhancing the overall ductility. This work provides a feasible strategy for multi-objective optimization and valuable insights into tailoring the microstructure for improving mechanical properties.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of laser powder bed fused titanium considering strength and ductility: A new framework based on explainable stacking ensemble learning and NSGA-II","authors":"Aihua Yu, Yu Pan, Fucheng Wan, Fan Kuang, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in laser powder bed fused (LPBF-ed) titanium (Ti) is challenging due to the complex, high-dimensional parameter space and interactions between parameters and powders. Herein, a hybrid intelligent framework for process parameter optimization of LPBF-ed Ti with improved ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) was proposed. It combines the data augmentation method (AVG ± EC × SD), the multi-model fusion stacking ensemble learning model (GBDT-BPNN-XGBoost), the interpretable machine learning method and the non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). The GBDT-BPNN-XGBoost outperforms single models in predicting UTS and EL across the accuracy, generalization ability and stability. The SHAP analysis reveals that laser power (<em>P</em>) is the most important feature affecting both UTS and EL, and it has a positive impact on them when <em>P</em> < 220 W. The UTS and EL of samples fabricated by the optimal process parameters were 718 ± 5 MPa and 27.9% ± 0.1%, respectively. The outstanding strength-ductility balance is attributable to the forward stresses in hard <em>α</em>’-martensite and back stresses in soft <em>α</em><sub>m</sub>’-martensite induced by the strain gradients of hetero-microstructure. The back stresses strengthen the soft <em>α</em><sub>m</sub>’-martensite, improving the overall UTS. The forward stresses stimulate the activation of dislocations in hard <em>α</em>’-martensite and the generation of <<em>c</em>+<em>a</em>> dislocations, allowing the plastic strain to occur in hard regions and enhancing the overall ductility. This work provides a feasible strategy for multi-objective optimization and valuable insights into tailoring the microstructure for improving mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is crucial for the performance of turbine blades at high temperatures; however, it degrades the microstructure of single-crystal superalloy (SX), thereby reducing creep life. Despite this, the degradation mechanisms associated with the complex multi-layer damage and inter-layer diffusion behavior for TBC/SX systems have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, using integrated experimental efforts and multiscale characterization techniques, the creep degradation mechanisms of TBC/SX systems at 900°C/500 MPa, 980°C/300 MPa, and 1050°C/160 MPa are systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the creep degradation from TBC intensifies with increasing temperature (T) and stress (σ) ratio (T/σ), exhibiting significant dependency on these two factors, and primarily reduces lifespan of the steady-state stage, with minimal effects on the accelerating stage. During creep deformation, the cracking behavior caused by thermally grown oxide (TGO) beneath the top coat (TC) layer, voids resulting from internal oxidation and interdiffusion in the bond coat (BC) layer, and the recrystallization growth driven by the sandblasting process in the secondary reaction zone (SRZ) are temperature-sensitive damages. In contrast, the initiation and propagation of cracks associated with the topologically close-packed (TCP) phases in the SRZ exhibit pronounced stress sensitivity. Furthermore, the formation of the substrate diffusion zone (SDZ) and the decomposition of γ/γ′ interfacial dislocation networks driven by the Cr–Ru diffusion, as well as the increased stacking fault energy in the γ′ phase due to Co loss, are responsible for the acceleration of steady-state creep rate at 1050°C /160 MPa. This work provides a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the degradation mechanisms under thermal–mechanical coupling in TBC/SX systems, offering new insights into targeted design optimization for multilayered coatings.
{"title":"New insights into the creep degradation mechanisms in thermal barrier coating/single-crystal superalloy system with temperature and stress dependency","authors":"Hao Su, Luqing Cui, Zhenyang Cao, Xiaofeng Dang, Liyin Zhang, Jinguo Li, Sihai Luo, Qihu Wang, Weifeng He, Xiaoqing Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.034","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is crucial for the performance of turbine blades at high temperatures; however, it degrades the microstructure of single-crystal superalloy (SX), thereby reducing creep life. Despite this, the degradation mechanisms associated with the complex multi-layer damage and inter-layer diffusion behavior for TBC/SX systems have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, using integrated experimental efforts and multiscale characterization techniques, the creep degradation mechanisms of TBC/SX systems at 900°C/500 MPa, 980°C/300 MPa, and 1050°C/160 MPa are systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the creep degradation from TBC intensifies with increasing temperature (<em>T</em>) and stress (<em>σ</em>) ratio (<em>T</em>/<em>σ</em>), exhibiting significant dependency on these two factors, and primarily reduces lifespan of the steady-state stage, with minimal effects on the accelerating stage. During creep deformation, the cracking behavior caused by thermally grown oxide (TGO) beneath the top coat (TC) layer, voids resulting from internal oxidation and interdiffusion in the bond coat (BC) layer, and the recrystallization growth driven by the sandblasting process in the secondary reaction zone (SRZ) are temperature-sensitive damages. In contrast, the initiation and propagation of cracks associated with the topologically close-packed (TCP) phases in the SRZ exhibit pronounced stress sensitivity. Furthermore, the formation of the substrate diffusion zone (SDZ) and the decomposition of γ/γ′ interfacial dislocation networks driven by the Cr–Ru diffusion, as well as the increased stacking fault energy in the γ′ phase due to Co loss, are responsible for the acceleration of steady-state creep rate at 1050°C /160 MPa. This work provides a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the degradation mechanisms under thermal–mechanical coupling in TBC/SX systems, offering new insights into targeted design optimization for multilayered coatings.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have been clinically proven to fulfill long-term service requirements, but their passive degradation periods remain to be uncontrollable. Herein, we developed a novel near infrared (NIR)-responsive coating on a Mg-Ag-Mn alloy with controllable biodegradation enhanced by air release. The coating exhibits a bi-layered structure, in which the outer layer consists of polycaprolactone (PCL) with the addition of nano-sized polypyrrole (PPy) particles for NIR response, whereas the inner layer is a porous ceramic film produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). In particular, the porous structure of PEO film was proposed as a carrier for entrapped air to form the “air bomb”. Without NIR irradiation, the coating possesses a dense and homogeneous microstructure and exhibits excellent long-term durability in saline. Under the NIR irradiation, the PCL resin transforms from a rubbery state to a viscous state promoted by the photothermal action of PPy, while the thermal-expanded air in PEO film escapes from the PCL resin, resulting in macroscopic defects across the coating. This phenomenon leads to a change in the function of Mg alloy from "anti-corrosion" to "biodegradation". This work is expected to provide a new strategy for optimizing the service time of Mg-based implants.
{"title":"A Novel NIR-responsive coating for magnesium implants: controllable degradation enhanced by air bomb","authors":"You Lv, Xinying Liu, Mingkun Zheng, Xuemei Shi, Zehua Dong, Xinxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.078","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have been clinically proven to fulfill long-term service requirements, but their passive degradation periods remain to be uncontrollable. Herein, we developed a novel near infrared (NIR)-responsive coating on a Mg-Ag-Mn alloy with controllable biodegradation enhanced by air release. The coating exhibits a bi-layered structure, in which the outer layer consists of polycaprolactone (PCL) with the addition of nano-sized polypyrrole (PPy) particles for NIR response, whereas the inner layer is a porous ceramic film produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). In particular, the porous structure of PEO film was proposed as a carrier for entrapped air to form the “air bomb”. Without NIR irradiation, the coating possesses a dense and homogeneous microstructure and exhibits excellent long-term durability in saline. Under the NIR irradiation, the PCL resin transforms from a rubbery state to a viscous state promoted by the photothermal action of PPy, while the thermal-expanded air in PEO film escapes from the PCL resin, resulting in macroscopic defects across the coating. This phenomenon leads to a change in the function of Mg alloy from \"anti-corrosion\" to \"biodegradation\". This work is expected to provide a new strategy for optimizing the service time of Mg-based implants.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.028
Kunpeng Deng, Guoqun Zhao, Jiachang Wang
The aluminum alloy–steel hybrid structures offer numerous advantages, including lightweight and flexibility. However, the contact between aluminum alloy and steel is prone to cause serious local corrosion. To further reveal the corrosion mechanism at the contact region of aluminum alloy/steel, this paper investigates the crevice corrosion of QC-10 aluminum alloy and the crevice–galvanic coupling corrosion of QC-10 aluminum alloy/S50C steel, explores the synergistic effect of different crevice height, pH and Cl− concentration on the corrosion behavior of QC-10 aluminum alloy by electrochemical experiments, immersion corrosion experiments and microscopic morphology characterization. The results demonstrate that the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy decreases with the increase of crevice height, and there exists a critical crevice height for the occurrence of crevice corrosion. In the aluminum alloy–steel hybrid structure, the galvanic effect accelerates the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy, and the corrosion products of steel embedded in the aluminum alloy oxide film decrease the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. Additionally, the corrosion products of steel alter the crevice solution compositions, while intensifying the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy. It is concluded that reasonable control of the crevice height and the inhibition of the corrosion of steel are effective methods to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy–steel hybrid structures.
{"title":"Crevice–galvanic coupling corrosion behavior and mechanism of QC-10 aluminum alloy in chloride-containing solutions","authors":"Kunpeng Deng, Guoqun Zhao, Jiachang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.028","url":null,"abstract":"The aluminum alloy–steel hybrid structures offer numerous advantages, including lightweight and flexibility. However, the contact between aluminum alloy and steel is prone to cause serious local corrosion. To further reveal the corrosion mechanism at the contact region of aluminum alloy/steel, this paper investigates the crevice corrosion of QC-10 aluminum alloy and the crevice–galvanic coupling corrosion of QC-10 aluminum alloy/S50C steel, explores the synergistic effect of different crevice height, pH and Cl<sup>−</sup> concentration on the corrosion behavior of QC-10 aluminum alloy by electrochemical experiments, immersion corrosion experiments and microscopic morphology characterization. The results demonstrate that the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy decreases with the increase of crevice height, and there exists a critical crevice height for the occurrence of crevice corrosion. In the aluminum alloy–steel hybrid structure, the galvanic effect accelerates the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy, and the corrosion products of steel embedded in the aluminum alloy oxide film decrease the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. Additionally, the corrosion products of steel alter the crevice solution compositions, while intensifying the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloy. It is concluded that reasonable control of the crevice height and the inhibition of the corrosion of steel are effective methods to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy–steel hybrid structures.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.002
Zhan-Zhan Wang, Qi Zheng, Mei-Jie Yu, Mao-Sheng Cao
As electromagnetic (EM) pollution intensifies, EM protection materials have garnered significant attention. However, the development of lightweight and efficient EM protection materials still faces numerous challenges. In this work, a bilayered metal-organic framework (MOF), specifically zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-8@ZIF-67), is initially prepared. Subsequently, through a combination of electrospinning and high-temperature carbonization processes, a heterodimensional structure featuring carbon-based dodecahedrons tandemly arranged on carbon nanofibers was obtained. The carbonization at various temperatures modulated the nanofibers’ conductive network and graphitization of dodecahedrons, thereby regulating the dielectric response, which is crucial for tuning the EM properties of the material. Furthermore, dielectric-magnetic synergy also plays a certain role in optimizing microwave absorption performance. The Co-CHD@CNF800 with 60 wt% loading content demonstrates a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −53.6 dB at 1.83 mm, while 40 wt% loading content exhibits a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6 GHz at 2.67 mm. Additionally, Co-CHD@CNF1000 with 80 wt% exhibits remarkable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Importantly, an EM energy conversion device has been constructed that can effectively recover and utilize harmful EM energy. This research presents an innovative approach to the development of lightweight and efficient EM protection materials and devices.
{"title":"Multidimensional micro-nano heterostructures composed of nanofibers and micro dodecahedrons for electromagnetic wave attenuation and energy conversion","authors":"Zhan-Zhan Wang, Qi Zheng, Mei-Jie Yu, Mao-Sheng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"As electromagnetic (EM) pollution intensifies, EM protection materials have garnered significant attention. However, the development of lightweight and efficient EM protection materials still faces numerous challenges. In this work, a bilayered metal-organic framework (MOF), specifically zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-8@ZIF-67), is initially prepared. Subsequently, through a combination of electrospinning and high-temperature carbonization processes, a heterodimensional structure featuring carbon-based dodecahedrons tandemly arranged on carbon nanofibers was obtained. The carbonization at various temperatures modulated the nanofibers’ conductive network and graphitization of dodecahedrons, thereby regulating the dielectric response, which is crucial for tuning the EM properties of the material. Furthermore, dielectric-magnetic synergy also plays a certain role in optimizing microwave absorption performance. The Co-CHD@CNF800 with 60 wt% loading content demonstrates a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −53.6 dB at 1.83 mm, while 40 wt% loading content exhibits a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6 GHz at 2.67 mm. Additionally, Co-CHD@CNF1000 with 80 wt% exhibits remarkable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Importantly, an EM energy conversion device has been constructed that can effectively recover and utilize harmful EM energy. This research presents an innovative approach to the development of lightweight and efficient EM protection materials and devices.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of in-situ precipitation on corrosion behaviors of wire arc directed energy deposited (WADED) Al-Mg-(Sc-Zr) was studied. WADED Al-Mg showed a homogeneous microstructure with coarse equiaxed grains. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited fine equiaxed grains along the molten pool boundary (MPB) and inter-layer zone (ITZ) while coarse equiaxed grains were inside the molten pool. The in-situ precipitation resulted in the primary Al3(Sc, Zr) aggregated along MPB and ITZ while minor-sized secondary Al3(Sc, Zr) existed inside the molten pool. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr showed improved electrochemical behavior than Al-Mg. WADED Al-Mg presented random pittings that occurred near dispersed β-Al3Mg2. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited pittings along MPB and ITZ, where Al3(Sc, Zr) aggregated and induced galvanic corrosion. Corrosion anisotropy was obvious in Al-Mg-Sc-Zr since more MPBs and ITZs make the XOZ plane susceptive to localized corrosion.
{"title":"Influence of in-situ precipitation on corrosion behaviors of wire arc directed energy deposited Al-Mg(-Sc-Zr)","authors":"Yubin Zhou, Zewu Qi, Baoqiang Cong, Yuan Zhao, Wei Guo, Zihao Jiang, Hongwei Li, Chaofang Dong, Yucheng Ji, Xing He, Haibo Wang, Sanbao Lin, Xiaoyu Cai, Bojin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of in-situ precipitation on corrosion behaviors of wire arc directed energy deposited (WADED) Al-Mg-(Sc-Zr) was studied. WADED Al-Mg showed a homogeneous microstructure with coarse equiaxed grains. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited fine equiaxed grains along the molten pool boundary (MPB) and inter-layer zone (ITZ) while coarse equiaxed grains were inside the molten pool. The in-situ precipitation resulted in the primary Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) aggregated along MPB and ITZ while minor-sized secondary Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) existed inside the molten pool. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr showed improved electrochemical behavior than Al-Mg. WADED Al-Mg presented random pittings that occurred near dispersed β-Al<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>. WADED Al-Mg-Sc-Zr exhibited pittings along MPB and ITZ, where Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) aggregated and induced galvanic corrosion. Corrosion anisotropy was obvious in Al-Mg-Sc-Zr since more MPBs and ITZs make the XOZ plane susceptive to localized corrosion.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.076
Beibei Gao, Yi Zhou, Yuan Fang, Richeng Jin, Yuchi Fan, Lianjun Wang, Wan Jiang, Pengpeng Qiu, Wei Luo
Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design that involves the encapsulation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles within mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (mSiCf) to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (IPF). The unique one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous structure of mSiCf, coupled with abundant oxygen-containing groups, offers a favorable surface microenvironment for the stabilization of bimetallic CuNi active sites. Through carefully optimizing metal to acid sites, we have developed a catalyst containing a total mass ratio of 20% Cu and Ni, which exhibits a remarkable performance with complete FFA conversion and 92% IPF selectivity in 4 h. In-depth mechanistic investigations have revealed that the superior activity of this catalyst is attributed to a tandem reaction mechanism. Initially, FFA is hydrogenated at the dual metal active sites to produce furfuryl alcohol (FOL) as an intermediate, which is subsequently etherified at the acid sites with suitable species and strengths on the mSiCf supports. Additionally, the robust 1D mSiCf framework effectively protects the metal sites from agglomeration, resulting in excellent reusability of the catalyst. This study underscores the potential of mesoporous silicon carbide-supported bimetallic active sites for achieving enhanced tandem catalytic functionality.
{"title":"Confining CuNi alloy nanoparticles into mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers for enhanced tandem catalytic functionality","authors":"Beibei Gao, Yi Zhou, Yuan Fang, Richeng Jin, Yuchi Fan, Lianjun Wang, Wan Jiang, Pengpeng Qiu, Wei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.076","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous framework supported metal nanoparticle catalyst represents a promising material platform for creating multiple active sites that drive tandem reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel catalyst design that involves the encapsulation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles within mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (mSiC<sub>f</sub>) to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (IPF). The unique one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous structure of mSiC<sub>f</sub>, coupled with abundant oxygen-containing groups, offers a favorable surface microenvironment for the stabilization of bimetallic CuNi active sites. Through carefully optimizing metal to acid sites, we have developed a catalyst containing a total mass ratio of 20% Cu and Ni, which exhibits a remarkable performance with complete FFA conversion and 92% IPF selectivity in 4 h. In-depth mechanistic investigations have revealed that the superior activity of this catalyst is attributed to a tandem reaction mechanism. Initially, FFA is hydrogenated at the dual metal active sites to produce furfuryl alcohol (FOL) as an intermediate, which is subsequently etherified at the acid sites with suitable species and strengths on the mSiC<sub>f</sub> supports. Additionally, the robust 1D mSiC<sub>f</sub> framework effectively protects the metal sites from agglomeration, resulting in excellent reusability of the catalyst. This study underscores the potential of mesoporous silicon carbide-supported bimetallic active sites for achieving enhanced tandem catalytic functionality.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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