Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.022
Jun He, Haoran Qian, Guodong Peng, Hongyu Hu, Li Jiang, Xiaojun He
It is a big challenge to tune the structure and composition of carbon-based anode materials to increase the active sites by a green synthesis strategy for potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, the N/F/S co-doped three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanosheets (NFS-CNSs) were synthesized from coal tar pitch (CTP) through a green and low-temperature treatment process for the first time. The as-obtained NFS-CNS600 features 3D interconnected ultra-thin carbon nanosheets with abundant active sites, tunable N/F/S species, and enlarged carbon interlayer spacing. The density functional theory calculation results demonstrate that NFS-CNSs exhibit the highest electron density and most negative K+ adsorption energy (–0.59 eV) compared to single or double-atom doping, thereby enhancing the storage performance of K+. As an anode for PIBs, the NFS-CNS600 exhibits good cycle stability (98.2% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1), high capacity (409.1 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1) and rate performance (179.5 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). Besides, the NFS-CNS600 anode also displays outstanding sodium storage performance. This work offers a green strategy to synthesize CTP-based anode materials from coal chemical by-products for high-performance PIBs.
{"title":"N/F/S co-doped 3D interconnected carbon nanosheets with well-developed pores and interlayer spacing for high-performance potassium ion batteries","authors":"Jun He, Haoran Qian, Guodong Peng, Hongyu Hu, Li Jiang, Xiaojun He","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"It is a big challenge to tune the structure and composition of carbon-based anode materials to increase the active sites by a green synthesis strategy for potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, the N/F/S co-doped three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanosheets (NFS-CNSs) were synthesized from coal tar pitch (CTP) through a green and low-temperature treatment process for the first time. The as-obtained NFS-CNS<sub>600</sub> features 3D interconnected ultra-thin carbon nanosheets with abundant active sites, tunable N/F/S species, and enlarged carbon interlayer spacing. The density functional theory calculation results demonstrate that NFS-CNSs exhibit the highest electron density and most negative K<sup>+</sup> adsorption energy (–0.59 eV) compared to single or double-atom doping, thereby enhancing the storage performance of K<sup>+</sup>. As an anode for PIBs, the NFS-CNS<sub>600</sub> exhibits good cycle stability (98.2% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup>), high capacity (409.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.05 A g<sup>−1</sup>) and rate performance (179.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>). Besides, the NFS-CNS<sub>600</sub> anode also displays outstanding sodium storage performance. This work offers a green strategy to synthesize CTP-based anode materials from coal chemical by-products for high-performance PIBs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.005
Seul-Yi Lee, Nicole Sim, Jagadis Gautam, Young-Teck Kim, Soo-Jin Park, Ji Hoon Lee
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), synthesized via the rapid pyrolysis of ammonium citrate dibasic and ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, demonstrate remarkable chemiluminescence capabilities, emitting a vibrant blue-green light in peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) reactions. Among these, a distinct variant of N-CQDs is an exceptionally sensitive biosensor, facilitating the swift detection of copper ions (Cu2+) within human plasma and urine samples. Upon rapid binding of N-CQDs and Cu2+, non-emissive complex forms due to intra-chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (intra-CRET) initiated by the PO-CL reaction. Consequently, the brightness of the biosensor diminishes proportionally with increasing Cu2+ concentrations in human samples. Featuring a low sensing limit of 19.5 nM and an expansive dynamic range spanning from 0.05 to 3.8 µM, this biosensor empowers the rapid and precise quantification of trace Cu2+ levels with exceptional accuracy and recovery rates. In alignment with copper quantification guidelines set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this selective biosensor stands as a cutting-edge monitoring tool, poised to advance analytical capabilities in various fields.
{"title":"Enhanced carbon quantum dots-based chemiluminescence probes for copper ion detection in human plasma and urine","authors":"Seul-Yi Lee, Nicole Sim, Jagadis Gautam, Young-Teck Kim, Soo-Jin Park, Ji Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), synthesized <em>via</em> the rapid pyrolysis of ammonium citrate dibasic and ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, demonstrate remarkable chemiluminescence capabilities, emitting a vibrant blue-green light in peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) reactions. Among these, a distinct variant of N-CQDs is an exceptionally sensitive biosensor, facilitating the swift detection of copper ions (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) within human plasma and urine samples. Upon rapid binding of N-CQDs and Cu<sup>2+</sup>, non-emissive complex forms due to intra-chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (intra-CRET) initiated by the PO-CL reaction. Consequently, the brightness of the biosensor diminishes proportionally with increasing Cu<sup>2+</sup> concentrations in human samples. Featuring a low sensing limit of 19.5 nM and an expansive dynamic range spanning from 0.05 to 3.8 µM, this biosensor empowers the rapid and precise quantification of trace Cu<sup>2+</sup> levels with exceptional accuracy and recovery rates. In alignment with copper quantification guidelines set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this selective biosensor stands as a cutting-edge monitoring tool, poised to advance analytical capabilities in various fields.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.068
Guohai Chen, Kazufumi Kobashi, Don N. Futaba
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold immense promise for a wide array of applications due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Understanding and controlling their structural characteristics, particularly the diameter and number of walls, is crucial for harnessing their full potential. We investigated the relationship between these parameters for both commercially available and lab-scale CNTs, spanning a wide range of outer diameters (1–13 nm) and numbers of walls (1–13). Our findings revealed a commonality among the structural diversity, rather than a random distribution, as evidenced by a piecewise linear relationship between the outer diameter and number of walls, with an inflection point occurring at approximately 4 nm in diameter. This observation is unexpected, as the CNTs were synthesized using different approaches and growth conditions; yet, as a group, they exhibit a “structural scaling”. Additionally, we made an intriguing observation: despite increases in outer diameter and number of walls, the inner diameters remained relatively constant (4–5 nm) for thicker CNTs with more than three walls. These results suggest that structural properties can be estimated based on diameter, which not only advances our fundamental understanding of CNT synthesis but also provides practical insights for tailoring CNT properties for various applications.
{"title":"Unexpected structural scaling and predictability in carbon nanotubes","authors":"Guohai Chen, Kazufumi Kobashi, Don N. Futaba","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.068","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold immense promise for a wide array of applications due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Understanding and controlling their structural characteristics, particularly the diameter and number of walls, is crucial for harnessing their full potential. We investigated the relationship between these parameters for both commercially available and lab-scale CNTs, spanning a wide range of outer diameters (1–13 nm) and numbers of walls (1–13). Our findings revealed a commonality among the structural diversity, rather than a random distribution, as evidenced by a piecewise linear relationship between the outer diameter and number of walls, with an inflection point occurring at approximately 4 nm in diameter. This observation is unexpected, as the CNTs were synthesized using different approaches and growth conditions; yet, as a group, they exhibit a “structural scaling”. Additionally, we made an intriguing observation: despite increases in outer diameter and number of walls, the inner diameters remained relatively constant (4–5 nm) for thicker CNTs with more than three walls. These results suggest that structural properties can be estimated based on diameter, which not only advances our fundamental understanding of CNT synthesis but also provides practical insights for tailoring CNT properties for various applications.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a systematic study on the transport properties of (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3 and (Bi0.4Sb0.6)2Te3 nanoplates with a thickness of about 6 nm grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Si/SiO2 substrate. We achieve a significant ambipolar field effect in the two samples with different compositions by applying back-gate voltage, successfully tuning the Fermi level across the Dirac point of surface states. It is found that the Hall resistance exhibits strong non-linear behavior and magnetic field induced sign change of the slope when the Fermi level is near the Dirac point, indicating the coexistence of n-type and p-type carriers. Moreover, this coincides with the striking crossover from weak antilocalization (WAL) to linear magnetoresistance (LMR). These gate and temperature dependent magneto-transport studies provide a deeper insight into the nature of LMR and WAL in topological materials.
{"title":"Linear magnetoresistance, weak antilocalization and electron-hole coexistence in gate tunable topological insulator (BixSb1−x)2Te3 nanoplates","authors":"Tingting Li, Xudong Shi, Mingze Li, Xuan P.A. Gao, Zhenhua Wang, Zhidong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.064","url":null,"abstract":"We report a systematic study on the transport properties of (Bi<sub>0.2</sub>Sb<sub>0.8</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and (Bi<sub>0.4</sub>Sb<sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> nanoplates with a thickness of about 6 nm grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate. We achieve a significant ambipolar field effect in the two samples with different compositions by applying back-gate voltage, successfully tuning the Fermi level across the Dirac point of surface states. It is found that the Hall resistance exhibits strong non-linear behavior and magnetic field induced sign change of the slope when the Fermi level is near the Dirac point, indicating the coexistence of n-type and p-type carriers. Moreover, this coincides with the striking crossover from weak antilocalization (WAL) to linear magnetoresistance (LMR). These gate and temperature dependent magneto-transport studies provide a deeper insight into the nature of LMR and WAL in topological materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.065
Feng Wang, Wei Li, Zhihong Chen, Jianguo Guan
Coating uniform, compact and thin nanoshells on micro-sized particles is critical to various applications including anticorrosive broadband microwave absorbing materials (MAMs), yet effective processing methods remain lacking. In this work, a turbulent sol-gel method is developed to coat the desired SiO2 nanoshells on flaky carbonyl iron (FCI) particles. The adding millimeter-sized zirconia balls, driven by the orbital shaking, squeeze the solution and create significant relative motion between the liquid and balls, which generates turbulent flows. This significantly promotes the heterogeneous nucleation rate and high nucleation density, ultimately forming highly compact and uniform SiO2 nanoshells covering FCI particles to enhance the electromagnetic absorption and anticorrosion properties. The as-obtained core-shell particles minimize the interface polarization and retain high magnetic loss, resulting in an improved impedance matching and a reflection loss < −10 dB with a bandwidth of 6.5 GHz at a thin thickness of 1 mm. Moreover, they also show a substantial order-of-magnitude improvement in anticorrosion performance. This work provides a promising method to fabricate anticorrosive, broadband and thin-thickness MAMs. The turbulent sol-gel method developed herein offers a facile and effective approach for fabricating uniform compact nanoshells on micro-sized particles.
{"title":"Anticorrosive magnetic microwave absorbers by turbulent sol-gel method","authors":"Feng Wang, Wei Li, Zhihong Chen, Jianguo Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.065","url":null,"abstract":"Coating uniform, compact and thin nanoshells on micro-sized particles is critical to various applications including anticorrosive broadband microwave absorbing materials (MAMs), yet effective processing methods remain lacking. In this work, a turbulent sol-gel method is developed to coat the desired SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoshells on flaky carbonyl iron (FCI) particles. The adding millimeter-sized zirconia balls, driven by the orbital shaking, squeeze the solution and create significant relative motion between the liquid and balls, which generates turbulent flows. This significantly promotes the heterogeneous nucleation rate and high nucleation density, ultimately forming highly compact and uniform SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoshells covering FCI particles to enhance the electromagnetic absorption and anticorrosion properties. The as-obtained core-shell particles minimize the interface polarization and retain high magnetic loss, resulting in an improved impedance matching and a reflection loss < −10 dB with a bandwidth of 6.5 GHz at a thin thickness of 1 mm. Moreover, they also show a substantial order-of-magnitude improvement in anticorrosion performance. This work provides a promising method to fabricate anticorrosive, broadband and thin-thickness MAMs. The turbulent sol-gel method developed herein offers a facile and effective approach for fabricating uniform compact nanoshells on micro-sized particles.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is a common material used in high-pressure hydrogen systems. Prolonged exposure to high-pressure hydrogen can cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), raising significant safety concerns. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), known for its high precision, is a promising additive manufacturing technology that has been widely adopted across various industries. Studies have reported that under certain SLM manufacturing conditions and process parameters, the HE resistance of SLM ASS is significantly better than that of conventionally manufactured (CM) ASS, showing great potential for application in high-pressure hydrogen systems. Thus, studying the HE of SLM ASS is crucial for further improving the safety of high-pressure hydrogen systems. This paper provides an overview of the SLM process, reviews the mechanisms of HE and their synergistic effects, and analyzes the HE characteristics of SLM ASS. Additionally, it examines the influence of unique microstructures and SLM process variables on HE of SLM ASS and offers recommendations for future research to enhance the safety of high-pressure hydrogen systems.
{"title":"Advancements in hydrogen embrittlement of selective laser melting austenitic stainless steel: Mechanisms, microstructures, and future directions","authors":"Chilou Zhou, Xinrui Yan, Haixiang Wang, Yanlei Huang, Jinxin Xue, Jiaqing Li, Xinfeng Li, Wulin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is a common material used in high-pressure hydrogen systems. Prolonged exposure to high-pressure hydrogen can cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), raising significant safety concerns. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), known for its high precision, is a promising additive manufacturing technology that has been widely adopted across various industries. Studies have reported that under certain SLM manufacturing conditions and process parameters, the HE resistance of SLM ASS is significantly better than that of conventionally manufactured (CM) ASS, showing great potential for application in high-pressure hydrogen systems. Thus, studying the HE of SLM ASS is crucial for further improving the safety of high-pressure hydrogen systems. This paper provides an overview of the SLM process, reviews the mechanisms of HE and their synergistic effects, and analyzes the HE characteristics of SLM ASS. Additionally, it examines the influence of unique microstructures and SLM process variables on HE of SLM ASS and offers recommendations for future research to enhance the safety of high-pressure hydrogen systems.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.021
Monunith Anithkumar, Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj, Asokan Poorani Sathya Prasanna, Thanjan Shaji Bincy, Sang-Jae Kim
Air mouse has a wide range of uses in robotics, automation, and VR/AR technologies. In this work, the air mouse is prepared using triboelectric sensors, controller units, and machine learning. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) performance was optimized by altering the filler's properties. A dual-ferroelectric crystal system BNKT (xBi0.5Na0.5TiO3-(1−x) Bi0.5K0.5TiO3) was prepared with different concentrations (x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) to alter the dielectric property. The BNKT-8-based TENG showed a higher performance of 134.04 V and 1.49 μA. The prepared device enables to power the small electronic devices such as hygrometers and calculators. Using this TENG device air mouse system with machine learning allows the user to control the mouse pointer in the computer using the smart glove with a high accuracy of 100%.
{"title":"Enhancing triboelectrification with synergistic effect of xBNT-(1−x)BKT fillers and machine learning enabled advanced air mouse technology","authors":"Monunith Anithkumar, Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj, Asokan Poorani Sathya Prasanna, Thanjan Shaji Bincy, Sang-Jae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"Air mouse has a wide range of uses in robotics, automation, and VR/AR technologies. In this work, the air mouse is prepared using triboelectric sensors, controller units, and machine learning. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) performance was optimized by altering the filler's properties. A dual-ferroelectric crystal system BNKT (<em>x</em>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>-(1−<em>x</em>) Bi<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>) was prepared with different concentrations (<em>x</em> = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) to alter the dielectric property. The BNKT-8-based TENG showed a higher performance of 134.04 V and 1.49 μA. The prepared device enables to power the small electronic devices such as hygrometers and calculators. Using this TENG device air mouse system with machine learning allows the user to control the mouse pointer in the computer using the smart glove with a high accuracy of 100%.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delved into the corrosion behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy in saturated NaCl solution, particularly focusing on the effects of the addition of rare earth oxide, namely CeO2 (forming ZKC alloy) and La2O3 (forming ZKL alloy). The results indicate that the introduction of CeO2 and La2O3 promotes the precipitation of T-(Mg1−x, Znx)11RE phases (Mg-Zn-RE phases, where RE represents Ce or La) at grain boundaries. The presence and distribution pattern of the T-phase have a profound impact on the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy. Specifically, the ZKC alloy exhibits the most outstanding corrosion resistance. This superior performance is attributed to the uniform distribution of (Mg1−x, Znx)11Ce phase at grain boundaries in ZK60-0.5 wt% CeO2, effectively hindering the penetration of corrosive media into the matrix. Additionally, scanning kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) analysis reveals that the (Mg1−x, Znx)11Ce phase exhibits the smallest potential difference with the matrix, significantly mitigating the tendency for galvanic corrosion. In contrast, the ZKL alloy displays less precipitation and uneven distribution of the (Mg1−x, Znx)11La phase, resulting in inferior corrosion resistance compared to the ZKC alloy. The disparities in the precipitation of the two phases, as derived from first-principles calculations, stem from the spontaneous reduction of CeO2 under Mg conditions, whereas the reduction reaction between La2O3 and Mg cannot proceed spontaneously. Furthermore, SKPFM analysis and CALPHAD method found that as the addition of CeO2/La2O3 increases, the atomic ratio of Zn in the Mg-Zn-RE ternary phase rises, accompanied by an increase in the potential difference between the Mg-Zn-RE phase and the Mg matrix. This suggests that fine-tuning the addition of rare earth oxides can modify the atomic ratio of the Mg-Zn-RE ternary phase, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy. In summary, this study not only unravels the specific mechanisms of how CeO2 and La2O3 affect the corrosion behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy but also provides new strategies and insights for the development of low-cost, high-performance corrosion-resistant Mg alloy materials.
{"title":"Enhancing corrosion resistance of Mg-Alloys by regulating precipitates at grain boundaries using rare earth oxides","authors":"Wei Chen, Chenyang Gong, Peipei Jiang, Lang Gan, Yanjie Ren, Cong Li, Jian Chen, Wei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"This study delved into the corrosion behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy in saturated NaCl solution, particularly focusing on the effects of the addition of rare earth oxide, namely CeO<sub>2</sub> (forming ZKC alloy) and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (forming ZKL alloy). The results indicate that the introduction of CeO<sub>2</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> promotes the precipitation of T-(Mg<sub>1−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>, Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>)<sub>11</sub>RE phases (Mg-Zn-RE phases, where RE represents Ce or La) at grain boundaries. The presence and distribution pattern of the T-phase have a profound impact on the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy. Specifically, the ZKC alloy exhibits the most outstanding corrosion resistance. This superior performance is attributed to the uniform distribution of (Mg<sub>1−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>, Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>)<sub>11</sub>Ce phase at grain boundaries in ZK60-0.5 wt% CeO<sub>2</sub>, effectively hindering the penetration of corrosive media into the matrix. Additionally, scanning kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) analysis reveals that the (Mg<sub>1−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>, Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>)<sub>11</sub>Ce phase exhibits the smallest potential difference with the matrix, significantly mitigating the tendency for galvanic corrosion. In contrast, the ZKL alloy displays less precipitation and uneven distribution of the (Mg<sub>1−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>, Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>)<sub>11</sub>La phase, resulting in inferior corrosion resistance compared to the ZKC alloy. The disparities in the precipitation of the two phases, as derived from first-principles calculations, stem from the spontaneous reduction of CeO<sub>2</sub> under Mg conditions, whereas the reduction reaction between La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Mg cannot proceed spontaneously. Furthermore, SKPFM analysis and CALPHAD method found that as the addition of CeO<sub>2</sub>/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> increases, the atomic ratio of Zn in the Mg-Zn-RE ternary phase rises, accompanied by an increase in the potential difference between the Mg-Zn-RE phase and the Mg matrix. This suggests that fine-tuning the addition of rare earth oxides can modify the atomic ratio of the Mg-Zn-RE ternary phase, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy. In summary, this study not only unravels the specific mechanisms of how CeO<sub>2</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> affect the corrosion behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy but also provides new strategies and insights for the development of low-cost, high-performance corrosion-resistant Mg alloy materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"132 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.067
Yanrong Liang, Xiangjia Sun, Tongtong Zhu, Haitao Wang, Shuo Wang, Xiaojuan Liang, Weidong Xiang, Weiwei Huan, Jie Li, Junlong Wang
In recent years, the development of solid-state lighting devices has increasingly shifted towards high-power laser illumination, making it imperative to develop fluorescent conversion materials with exceptional thermal stability and luminous quality. In this study, we introduced a highly reflective TiO2 substrate in combination with a high thermal conductivity AlN substrate to design a Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO2-AlN Film (Ce:YAG PTAF) color converter with outstanding photothermal performance. Remarkably, the thermal conductivity of this material reaches 48.28 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Notably, the optimized PTAF can withstand a high-power output of up to 12.14 W in a static environment, with a maximum luminous flux (LFmax) of 2284.6 lm and maximum luminous efficacy (LEmax) of 222.35 lm W⁻¹, showcasing its excellent optical properties. Furthermore, the fabricated Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO2-AlN-Wheel (Ce:YAG PTAW), equipped with a motor operating at 7200 r/min, emits an extraordinary brightness of 4404 lm under 88 W of ultra-high laser irradiation, with stability surpassing that of commercial silicone color wheels, thanks to its superior Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS) glass system. Interestingly, we designed an innovative spatially separated two-color segmented wheel structure, effectively mitigating the photon reabsorption phenomenon caused by the overlap of the fluorescent powder absorption peaks. When the ratio of Ce:YAG to Ce:GdYAG is 240:120, it yields white light with a color rendering index (CRI) of 80.2, and luminous flux remaining at 3317.8 lm. When encapsulated in a reflective module, it accurately reflects the true color states of objects. These results collectively indicate that both Ce:YAG PTAF and PTAW possess significant application potential in the realm of high-power laser illumination.
{"title":"Dichromatic fluorescent splicing color wheel: Enabling high-quality laser lighting on high thermal conductivity AlN substrate","authors":"Yanrong Liang, Xiangjia Sun, Tongtong Zhu, Haitao Wang, Shuo Wang, Xiaojuan Liang, Weidong Xiang, Weiwei Huan, Jie Li, Junlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.067","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the development of solid-state lighting devices has increasingly shifted towards high-power laser illumination, making it imperative to develop fluorescent conversion materials with exceptional thermal stability and luminous quality. In this study, we introduced a highly reflective TiO<sub>2</sub> substrate in combination with a high thermal conductivity AlN substrate to design a Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO<sub>2</sub>-AlN Film (Ce:YAG PTAF) color converter with outstanding photothermal performance. Remarkably, the thermal conductivity of this material reaches 48.28 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Notably, the optimized PTAF can withstand a high-power output of up to 12.14 W in a static environment, with a maximum luminous flux (LF<sub>max</sub>) of 2284.6 lm and maximum luminous efficacy (LE<sub>max</sub>) of 222.35 lm W⁻¹, showcasing its excellent optical properties. Furthermore, the fabricated Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO<sub>2</sub>-AlN-Wheel (Ce:YAG PTAW), equipped with a motor operating at 7200 r/min, emits an extraordinary brightness of 4404 lm under 88 W of ultra-high laser irradiation, with stability surpassing that of commercial silicone color wheels, thanks to its superior Li<sub>2</sub>O-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> (LAS) glass system. Interestingly, we designed an innovative spatially separated two-color segmented wheel structure, effectively mitigating the photon reabsorption phenomenon caused by the overlap of the fluorescent powder absorption peaks. When the ratio of Ce:YAG to Ce:GdYAG is 240:120, it yields white light with a color rendering index (CRI) of 80.2, and luminous flux remaining at 3317.8 lm. When encapsulated in a reflective module, it accurately reflects the true color states of objects. These results collectively indicate that both Ce:YAG PTAF and PTAW possess significant application potential in the realm of high-power laser illumination.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a low-energy pulse current (LEPC) rapid solution treatment method, which can dissolve more primary γ′ phase in a shorter time and effectively suppress abnormal growth of grain, thereby successfully achieving microstructure optimization and property enhancement. The microstructure analysis showed that, compared with the 62.5% dissolution rate of the standard traditional solution treatment (1100 ℃/4 h), LEPC achieved an 88.9% dissolution of the primary γ′ phase in just 5 minutes at the same temperature. Furthermore, due to the rapidity of the LEPC treatment and its “targeted dissolution effect” on the γ′ phase, excessive growth of grain was effectively suppressed, resulting in grain sizes comparable to those obtained with traditional solution treatment. Mechanical property testing indicated that the alloy treated with LEPC had a hardness of 531 HV at room temperature, while the yield strength, tensile strength, and maximum strain reached 993 MPa, 1030 MPa, and 5.1% at the service temperature (750°C). Compared to the standard traditional solution treatment, these properties were improved by 10.4%, 11.1%, 10.4%, and 17.5%, respectively. Finally, theoretical calculations revealed that the non-thermal effects of LEPC reduced the dissolution-free energy by approximately 49.4 kJ/mol and increased the diffusion coefficient by about 76 times, which was the fundamental reason for the accelerated dissolution of the primary γ' phase.
{"title":"Effect of low-energy pulse current on the microstructure and properties of a Ni-based superalloy","authors":"Jinchao Ma, Jingdong Guo, Jide Liu, Xinyi Luo, Zhipeng Zhang, Tao Zhang, Jiacheng Yan, Mingkui Zhang, Chuanyong Cui, Xinfang Zhang, Yizhou Zhou, Jinguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.066","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a low-energy pulse current (LEPC) rapid solution treatment method, which can dissolve more primary γ′ phase in a shorter time and effectively suppress abnormal growth of grain, thereby successfully achieving microstructure optimization and property enhancement. The microstructure analysis showed that, compared with the 62.5% dissolution rate of the standard traditional solution treatment (1100 ℃/4 h), LEPC achieved an 88.9% dissolution of the primary γ′ phase in just 5 minutes at the same temperature. Furthermore, due to the rapidity of the LEPC treatment and its “targeted dissolution effect” on the γ′ phase, excessive growth of grain was effectively suppressed, resulting in grain sizes comparable to those obtained with traditional solution treatment. Mechanical property testing indicated that the alloy treated with LEPC had a hardness of 531 HV at room temperature, while the yield strength, tensile strength, and maximum strain reached 993 MPa, 1030 MPa, and 5.1% at the service temperature (750°C). Compared to the standard traditional solution treatment, these properties were improved by 10.4%, 11.1%, 10.4%, and 17.5%, respectively. Finally, theoretical calculations revealed that the non-thermal effects of LEPC reduced the dissolution-free energy by approximately 49.4 kJ/mol and increased the diffusion coefficient by about 76 times, which was the fundamental reason for the accelerated dissolution of the primary γ' phase.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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