Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.042
Hyun Chung, Sangwon Lee, Seokwoo Ko, Sun Uk Hwang, Alireza Zargaran, Seok Su Sohn
Martensitic-based microstructures in low-density steels offer high strength and improved specific strength, combined with the lightweight effect of aluminum (Al). However, while Al effectively reduces density, it simultaneously promotes the formation of coarse ferrite and expands the two-phase (α + γ) intercritical temperature range. Thus, increasing the Al content for higher weight reduction inevitably leads to ferrite formation and impedes further strengthening. To achieve both high strength and ductility while incorporating ferrite, it is crucial to elucidate the effects of ferrite fraction, size, and distribution on mechanical properties and deformation behavior, particularly in relation to phase interactions. In this study, three model steels were developed through controlled annealing temperatures, producing distinct triplex microstructures comprising ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite (RA). The role of each phase in strain partitioning was investigated using ex-situ microscopic digital image correlation and electron back-scattered diffraction analysis. Key findings reveal that the martensitic matrix ensures an ultrahigh strength level (1758 MPa), while a moderate fraction (∼17%) and homogeneous distribution of intercritical-ferrite (IC-ferrite) enable sustainable strain-hardening behavior by delaying the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. Strain partitioning into IC-ferrite reduces local strains in the martensitic matrix, preventing early exhaustion of the TRIP effect and facilitating ductile fracture behavior. This strategy leverages the presence of ferrite, offering significant advantages for applications requiring both ultrahigh strength and ductility.
{"title":"Ultrastrong and ductile martensitic low-density steel achieved by local strain partitioning into ferrite and delayed TRIP effect","authors":"Hyun Chung, Sangwon Lee, Seokwoo Ko, Sun Uk Hwang, Alireza Zargaran, Seok Su Sohn","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.042","url":null,"abstract":"Martensitic-based microstructures in low-density steels offer high strength and improved specific strength, combined with the lightweight effect of aluminum (Al). However, while Al effectively reduces density, it simultaneously promotes the formation of coarse ferrite and expands the two-phase (α + γ) intercritical temperature range. Thus, increasing the Al content for higher weight reduction inevitably leads to ferrite formation and impedes further strengthening. To achieve both high strength and ductility while incorporating ferrite, it is crucial to elucidate the effects of ferrite fraction, size, and distribution on mechanical properties and deformation behavior, particularly in relation to phase interactions. In this study, three model steels were developed through controlled annealing temperatures, producing distinct triplex microstructures comprising ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite (RA). The role of each phase in strain partitioning was investigated using ex-situ microscopic digital image correlation and electron back-scattered diffraction analysis. Key findings reveal that the martensitic matrix ensures an ultrahigh strength level (1758 MPa), while a moderate fraction (∼17%) and homogeneous distribution of intercritical-ferrite (IC-ferrite) enable sustainable strain-hardening behavior by delaying the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. Strain partitioning into IC-ferrite reduces local strains in the martensitic matrix, preventing early exhaustion of the TRIP effect and facilitating ductile fracture behavior. This strategy leverages the presence of ferrite, offering significant advantages for applications requiring both ultrahigh strength and ductility.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) have shown unique strengthening behavior and mechanical properties because of the presence of massive local chemical orderings. Nevertheless, dynamic interactions between chemical short-range orders (CSROs) and dislocations, and the underlying atomic strengthening mechanism remain elusive. In this work, we first developed a novel machine learning-embedded atom method (ML-EAM) potential of the CoNiV system, trained on a comprehensive first-principles dataset, which enables accurate and efficient modeling of CSRO formation and dislocation dynamics. Then, we investigated the strengthening mechanisms of CSROs in CoNiV MEA through machine learning-augmented molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Hybrid MD/Monte Carlo simulations reveal that CSRO domains possess an L12 (NiCo)3V structure, whose size increases with lowering annealing temperatures. These domains significantly enhance strength by impeding dislocation motion through complex energy pathways, increasing depinning forces, and reducing mobility. Moreover, the MD simulations combined with theoretical analysis elucidate the competition between CSRO-assisted strengthening (via antiphase boundary formation) and solid solution weakening (via reduced atomic misfit volume). Phonon-drag effects are also amplified by CSROs, further resisting dislocation glide. Our results demonstrate that L12-CSROs strengthen CoNiV MEA primarily through antiphase boundary and phonon-drag contributions, providing new insights for designing high-performance multi-principal-element alloys via tailoring CSROs.
{"title":"Revealing atomic strengthening mechanism in CoNiV medium-entropy alloy via machine learning-guided simulations","authors":"Wenyue Li, Xiongjun Liu, Leqing Liu, Qing Du, Deye Lin, Xin Chen, Dong He, Shudao Wang, Yuan Wu, Hui Wang, Suihe Jiang, Xiaobin Zhang, Zhaoping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"High/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) have shown unique strengthening behavior and mechanical properties because of the presence of massive local chemical orderings. Nevertheless, dynamic interactions between chemical short-range orders (CSROs) and dislocations, and the underlying atomic strengthening mechanism remain elusive. In this work, we first developed a novel machine learning-embedded atom method (ML-EAM) potential of the CoNiV system, trained on a comprehensive first-principles dataset, which enables accurate and efficient modeling of CSRO formation and dislocation dynamics. Then, we investigated the strengthening mechanisms of CSROs in CoNiV MEA through machine learning-augmented molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Hybrid MD/Monte Carlo simulations reveal that CSRO domains possess an L1<sub>2</sub> (NiCo)<sub>3</sub>V structure, whose size increases with lowering annealing temperatures. These domains significantly enhance strength by impeding dislocation motion through complex energy pathways, increasing depinning forces, and reducing mobility. Moreover, the MD simulations combined with theoretical analysis elucidate the competition between CSRO-assisted strengthening (via antiphase boundary formation) and solid solution weakening (via reduced atomic misfit volume). Phonon-drag effects are also amplified by CSROs, further resisting dislocation glide. Our results demonstrate that L1<sub>2</sub>-CSROs strengthen CoNiV MEA primarily through antiphase boundary and phonon-drag contributions, providing new insights for designing high-performance multi-principal-element alloys via tailoring CSROs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.040
Woojin Lim, Bhavana Joshi, Edmund Samuel, Jung Woo Huh, Ali Aldalbahi, Govindasami Periyasami, Hae-Seok Lee, Bin Ding, Sam S. Yoon
Supersonic spraying is a scalable, non-vacuum, rapid coating technique that uses a supersonic gas stream from a de Laval nozzle to deposit precursors under atmospheric conditions. In this study, the supersonic spraying of Sr2SnO4 nanorods (SSO-NRs) was found to increase the content of electroactive β- and γ-phases in poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by more than twofold. Specifically, shear stress between the PVDF and SSO-NRs, induced by supersonic blowing, amplified the β- and γ-phases, which enhanced the energy-harvesting performance of a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The swirling of the high-aspect-ratio SSO-NRs intensified the turbulence, thereby magnifying the influence of the shear stress. The supersonically driven shear stress caused multidirectional stretching, elongation, and twisting of PVDF and transformed a large amount of the α-phase into electroactive β- and γ-phases, as evidenced by X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy. The composite film with a minimal filler content of 2.5 wt.% exhibited a piezopotential of 41 V without additional poling. The optimal SSO/PVDF-based PENG delivered a high power density of 90 µW cm−2 when subjected to a tapping force. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the PENG was demonstrated using air pressure, vibration, and human body movement. The fabricated PENG device was integrated with a supercapacitor electrode to exhibit a wide application range in wearable and portable electronics.
{"title":"Shear stress-induced augmentation of electroactive phases of PVDF for high-power nanogenerator using supersonically sprayed Sr2SnO4 nanorods","authors":"Woojin Lim, Bhavana Joshi, Edmund Samuel, Jung Woo Huh, Ali Aldalbahi, Govindasami Periyasami, Hae-Seok Lee, Bin Ding, Sam S. Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.040","url":null,"abstract":"Supersonic spraying is a scalable, non-vacuum, rapid coating technique that uses a supersonic gas stream from a de Laval nozzle to deposit precursors under atmospheric conditions. In this study, the supersonic spraying of Sr<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> nanorods (SSO-NRs) was found to increase the content of electroactive <em>β</em>- and <em>γ</em>-phases in poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by more than twofold. Specifically, shear stress between the PVDF and SSO-NRs, induced by supersonic blowing, amplified the <em>β</em>- and <em>γ</em>-phases, which enhanced the energy-harvesting performance of a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The swirling of the high-aspect-ratio SSO-NRs intensified the turbulence, thereby magnifying the influence of the shear stress. The supersonically driven shear stress caused multidirectional stretching, elongation, and twisting of PVDF and transformed a large amount of the <em>α</em>-phase into electroactive <em>β</em>- and <em>γ</em>-phases, as evidenced by X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy. The composite film with a minimal filler content of 2.5 wt.% exhibited a piezopotential of 41 V without additional poling. The optimal SSO/PVDF-based PENG delivered a high power density of 90 µW cm<sup>−2</sup> when subjected to a tapping force. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the PENG was demonstrated using air pressure, vibration, and human body movement. The fabricated PENG device was integrated with a supercapacitor electrode to exhibit a wide application range in wearable and portable electronics.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The limited corrosion resistance of Mg-Li alloys restricts their applications. This study investigates the enhancement of corrosion resistance in LAZ931 alloy through the application of a composite MAO/NaMgF3 coating via a two-step process, encompassing MAO pretreatment followed by caffeic acid-induced NaMgF3 chemical deposition. The enhanced corrosion resistance is attributed to the homogenization of the MAO coating and the in-situ sealing of pores by NaMgF3 on the Mg surface. The incorporation of caffeic acid facilitates the formation of NaMgF3. Furthermore, it is observed that samples treated with this composite coating demonstrate robust ultraviolet light absorption capabilities and can emit visible light when excited by near-ultraviolet light. This unique characteristic expands the potential applications of this coating technology in the aerospace industry. This research offers novel perspectives on the design and preparation of composite coatings for magnesium alloys, holding great promise for broadening the application scope of Mg-Li alloys.
{"title":"Enhanced corrosion resistance and UV optical performance of LAZ931 Mg alloy through pore sealing of micro-arc oxidation coating by caffeic acid-induced NaMgF3 deposition","authors":"Tiancai Kong, Jiayi Tong, Mengmeng Yue, Di Mei, Yishun Tian, Zhipeng Liu, Jinxue Liu, Jianfeng Wang, Yang Xiao, Shijie Zhu, Liguo Wang, Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.039","url":null,"abstract":"The limited corrosion resistance of Mg-Li alloys restricts their applications. This study investigates the enhancement of corrosion resistance in LAZ931 alloy through the application of a composite MAO/NaMgF<sub>3</sub> coating via a two-step process, encompassing MAO pretreatment followed by caffeic acid-induced NaMgF<sub>3</sub> chemical deposition. The enhanced corrosion resistance is attributed to the homogenization of the MAO coating and the in-situ sealing of pores by NaMgF<sub>3</sub> on the Mg surface. The incorporation of caffeic acid facilitates the formation of NaMgF<sub>3</sub>. Furthermore, it is observed that samples treated with this composite coating demonstrate robust ultraviolet light absorption capabilities and can emit visible light when excited by near-ultraviolet light. This unique characteristic expands the potential applications of this coating technology in the aerospace industry. This research offers novel perspectives on the design and preparation of composite coatings for magnesium alloys, holding great promise for broadening the application scope of Mg-Li alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.059
Peng Peng, Yi Peng, Fuguo Liu, Shuai Long, Cheng Zhang, Aitao Tang, Jia She, Jianyue Zhang, Fusheng Pan
Designing compositions and processing of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys to synergistically enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance using conventional trial-and-error method is a challenging task. This study presents a Bayesian optimization (BO)-based multi-objective framework integrated with explainable machine learning (ML) to efficiently explore and optimize the high-dimensional design space of biodegradable Mg alloys. Using ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (EL) and corrosion potential (Ecorr) as objective properties, the framework balances these conflicting objectives and identifies optimal solutions. A novel biodegradable Mg alloy (Mg-4.6Zn-0.3Y-0.2Mn-0.1Nd-0.1Gd, wt.%) was successfully designed, demonstrating a UTS of 320 MPa, EL of 22% and Ecorr of −1.60 V (tested in 37°C simulated body fluid). Compared to JDBM, the UTS has increased by 13 MPa, the EL has improved by 6.1%, and the Ecorr has risen by 0.02 V. The experimental results presented close agreement with predicted values, validating the proposed framework. The Shapley Additive Explanation method was employed to interpret the ML models, revealing extrusion temperature and Zn content as key parameters driving the optimization design. The strategy provided in this study is universal and offers a potential approach for addressing high-dimensional multi-objective optimization challenges in material development.
{"title":"Bayesian optimization and explainable machine learning for High-dimensional multi-objective optimization of biodegradable magnesium alloys","authors":"Peng Peng, Yi Peng, Fuguo Liu, Shuai Long, Cheng Zhang, Aitao Tang, Jia She, Jianyue Zhang, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.059","url":null,"abstract":"Designing compositions and processing of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys to synergistically enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance using conventional trial-and-error method is a challenging task. This study presents a Bayesian optimization (BO)-based multi-objective framework integrated with explainable machine learning (ML) to efficiently explore and optimize the high-dimensional design space of biodegradable Mg alloys. Using ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (EL) and corrosion potential (<em>E</em><sub>corr</sub>) as objective properties, the framework balances these conflicting objectives and identifies optimal solutions. A novel biodegradable Mg alloy (Mg-4.6Zn-0.3Y-0.2Mn-0.1Nd-0.1Gd, wt.%) was successfully designed, demonstrating a UTS of 320 MPa, EL of 22% and <em>E</em><sub>corr</sub> of −1.60 V (tested in 37°C simulated body fluid). Compared to JDBM, the UTS has increased by 13 MPa, the EL has improved by 6.1%, and the <em>E</em><sub>corr</sub> has risen by 0.02 V. The experimental results presented close agreement with predicted values, validating the proposed framework. The Shapley Additive Explanation method was employed to interpret the ML models, revealing extrusion temperature and Zn content as key parameters driving the optimization design. The strategy provided in this study is universal and offers a potential approach for addressing high-dimensional multi-objective optimization challenges in material development.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.038
Kunyao Cao, Weiping Ye, Yue Zhang, Tao Wen, Tian Zheng, Weidong Xue, Rui Zhao
Polarization loss is a kind of dielectric loss, which has equal importance as conductivity loss, but often has not attracted enough attention from researchers. How to precisely regulate the EMW absorption performance by adjusting the polarization loss is now scarce but urgently needed. Herein, an anion-doped-induced vacancy engineering strategy is developed to promote polarization loss and thus enhance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption property. The S vacancy can be introduced in two different ways (hydrothermal and calcination) and it turns out that more S vacancies can be harvested by the calcination method. Moreover, it`s worth noting that the co-doping of Se and S can further promote vacancy formation and thus enhance the vacancy level. As a result, the fabricated c-CoNi2S4-xSex-rGO aerogel manifests distinguished EMW absorption performances with a strong reflection loss (RL) of −40.3 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.04 GHz at the thickness of 2.5 mm with a low filling content of 5%. Such superior EMW absorption performance is attributed to the large number of vacancies formed by the co-doping of S and Se atoms, resulting in abundant dipolar polarization loss. In addition, the polarization loss and conduction loss of the materials are quantitatively analyzed and discussed, and the relationship between the vacancy level and the polarization loss is determined. This work not only demonstrates the importance of polarization loss but also illustrates the correlation between vacancies level and polarization loss, providing a vital guiding significance for accurately regulating the EMW absorption properties of materials.
{"title":"The construction of vacancy engineering by doping of sulfur-selenium anions for precisely regulating the electromagnetic wave absorption performances","authors":"Kunyao Cao, Weiping Ye, Yue Zhang, Tao Wen, Tian Zheng, Weidong Xue, Rui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.038","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization loss is a kind of dielectric loss, which has equal importance as conductivity loss, but often has not attracted enough attention from researchers. How to precisely regulate the EMW absorption performance by adjusting the polarization loss is now scarce but urgently needed. Herein, an anion-doped-induced vacancy engineering strategy is developed to promote polarization loss and thus enhance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption property. The S vacancy can be introduced in two different ways (hydrothermal and calcination) and it turns out that more S vacancies can be harvested by the calcination method. Moreover, it`s worth noting that the co-doping of Se and S can further promote vacancy formation and thus enhance the vacancy level. As a result, the fabricated c-CoNi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4-</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>Se<em><sub>x</sub></em>-rGO aerogel manifests distinguished EMW absorption performances with a strong reflection loss (RL) of −40.3 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.04 GHz at the thickness of 2.5 mm with a low filling content of 5%. Such superior EMW absorption performance is attributed to the large number of vacancies formed by the co-doping of S and Se atoms, resulting in abundant dipolar polarization loss. In addition, the polarization loss and conduction loss of the materials are quantitatively analyzed and discussed, and the relationship between the vacancy level and the polarization loss is determined. This work not only demonstrates the importance of polarization loss but also illustrates the correlation between vacancies level and polarization loss, providing a vital guiding significance for accurately regulating the EMW absorption properties of materials.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.041
Yiye Fan, Jiaxin Yao, Wan Liu, Lebin Wang, Jing Yang, Xiaoyan Zheng, Junfeng Hui, Daidi Fan
Treating critical-size bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge, due to the complexity of achieving adequate immunomodulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Successful bone repair requires an orchestrated response in these areas to promote tissue integration and regeneration effectively. In this study, we designed and fabricated a customized, bioactive porous GDM/CeHA@CA scaffold through 3D printing and subsequent UV crosslinking techniques. The scaffold integrating Mn2+-chelated deferoxamine (DFO)-grafted gelatin methacryloyl (GDM) with citric acid-modified cerium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires (CeHA@CA). The controlled Mn2+ release from the scaffold strongly modulated macrophages polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and up-regulating the MnSOD signaling pathway. Macrophages maintain the stability of the bone microenvironment and prevent excessive inflammatory responses through immunomodulatory responses, and immunomodulated M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation by secreting growth factors VEGF and TGF-β. Scaffold degradation also led to the sustained release of covalently bound DFO, along with increased endogenous VEGF levels, promoted robust vascular remodeling. Additionally, the release of Ce3+/4+, as well as Ca2+ and PO43− from CeHA@CA nanowires, in combination with elevated endogenous TGF-β, further boosted osteogenesis. Therefore, GDM/CeHA@CA scaffolds are able to promote angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation not only through direct degradation, but also indirectly through immunomodulation. Through these synergistic mechanisms of immunomodulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization, the GDM/CeHA@CA scaffold successfully accelerated the repair of the critical-size tibial bone defect in rabbits within 12 weeks. In conclusion, the 3D printed GDM/CeHA@CA composite scaffold provided a highly effective therapeutic strategy for rapid bone defects repair, making it a viable candidate for clinical applications in bone regeneration.
{"title":"3D printed composite scaffold accelerates bone regeneration by modulating immunity and promoting angiogenesis","authors":"Yiye Fan, Jiaxin Yao, Wan Liu, Lebin Wang, Jing Yang, Xiaoyan Zheng, Junfeng Hui, Daidi Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.041","url":null,"abstract":"Treating critical-size bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge, due to the complexity of achieving adequate immunomodulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Successful bone repair requires an orchestrated response in these areas to promote tissue integration and regeneration effectively. In this study, we designed and fabricated a customized, bioactive porous GDM/CeHA@CA scaffold through 3D printing and subsequent UV crosslinking techniques. The scaffold integrating Mn<sup>2+</sup>-chelated deferoxamine (DFO)-grafted gelatin methacryloyl (GDM) with citric acid-modified cerium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires (CeHA@CA). The controlled Mn<sup>2+</sup> release from the scaffold strongly modulated macrophages polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and up-regulating the MnSOD signaling pathway. Macrophages maintain the stability of the bone microenvironment and prevent excessive inflammatory responses through immunomodulatory responses, and immunomodulated M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation by secreting growth factors VEGF and TGF-β. Scaffold degradation also led to the sustained release of covalently bound DFO, along with increased endogenous VEGF levels, promoted robust vascular remodeling. Additionally, the release of Ce<sup>3+/4+</sup>, as well as Ca<sup>2+</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> from CeHA@CA nanowires, in combination with elevated endogenous TGF-β, further boosted osteogenesis. Therefore, GDM/CeHA@CA scaffolds are able to promote angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation not only through direct degradation, but also indirectly through immunomodulation. Through these synergistic mechanisms of immunomodulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization, the GDM/CeHA@CA scaffold successfully accelerated the repair of the critical-size tibial bone defect in rabbits within 12 weeks. In conclusion, the 3D printed GDM/CeHA@CA composite scaffold provided a highly effective therapeutic strategy for rapid bone defects repair, making it a viable candidate for clinical applications in bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.067
Yu-Ze Niu, Yu-Hao Li, Hui-Zhi Ma, Tian-Ren Yang, Xun-Xiang Hu, Hong- Bo Zhou, Guang-Hong Lu
Rhenium (Re) alloying is generally considered as an effective method to improve the performance of body-centered cubic (bcc) refractory metals, while the transmutation Re may adversely affect the thermo-mechanical property of bcc tungsten (W) under neutron irradiation. This highlights the importance of the Re introduction method in determining its effects on bcc metals, a factor that has yet to be fully clarified. In this study, we systematically investigate the co-evolution of Re and irradiation defects in W using the object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) method, considering different Re introduction methods and transmutation rates. It is found that the extent of Re aggregation in neutron-irradiated pure W (with continuous Re introduction via nuclear transmutation) is significantly greater than in ion-irradiated W-Re alloys (where Re is introduced only at the initial stage in the solid solution state), even with identical Re concentrations. These differences align well with experimental observations and can be explained by the Re-to-defect ratio and the mobility of Re atoms, both of which strongly depend on the Re introduction method. Moreover, we quantify the volume fraction of irradiation defects and the average Re concentration in Re clusters within W-Re system across various transmutation rates, identifying critical conditions for Re’s transition from beneficial to detrimental. Our findings provide valuable insights for assessing Re effects in neutron and ion irradiated W-Re systems and support the application of bcc refractory metals in nuclear environments.
{"title":"Influence of Re on the performance of W under irradiation: The critical role of introduction method and rate","authors":"Yu-Ze Niu, Yu-Hao Li, Hui-Zhi Ma, Tian-Ren Yang, Xun-Xiang Hu, Hong- Bo Zhou, Guang-Hong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.067","url":null,"abstract":"Rhenium (Re) alloying is generally considered as an effective method to improve the performance of body-centered cubic (bcc) refractory metals, while the transmutation Re may adversely affect the thermo-mechanical property of bcc tungsten (W) under neutron irradiation. This highlights the importance of the Re introduction method in determining its effects on bcc metals, a factor that has yet to be fully clarified. In this study, we systematically investigate the co-evolution of Re and irradiation defects in W using the object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) method, considering different Re introduction methods and transmutation rates. It is found that the extent of Re aggregation in neutron-irradiated pure W (with continuous Re introduction via nuclear transmutation) is significantly greater than in ion-irradiated W-Re alloys (where Re is introduced only at the initial stage in the solid solution state), even with identical Re concentrations. These differences align well with experimental observations and can be explained by the Re-to-defect ratio and the mobility of Re atoms, both of which strongly depend on the Re introduction method. Moreover, we quantify the volume fraction of irradiation defects and the average Re concentration in Re clusters within W-Re system across various transmutation rates, identifying critical conditions for Re’s transition from beneficial to detrimental. Our findings provide valuable insights for assessing Re effects in neutron and ion irradiated W-Re systems and support the application of bcc refractory metals in nuclear environments.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interface issues have consistently impeded efforts to balance a trade-off between the conductivity functionality and mechanical properties of Cu-matrix composites. Combining first-principles simulations, this study addresses this challenge by preparing a new Cu-matrix composite reinforced with MXene, Cu/Ag@MXene composite block (CuAM-CB), which improves the compatibility between metallic Cu and nonmetallic MXene facilitated by Ag modification anchored in situ onto MXene nanosheets, thus realizing element-coupled reinforcement of Ag at the Cu/MXene heterointerfaces. Benefiting from the strong interaction between Ag and C atoms from in situ self-reduction, as well as the excellent compatibility between Ag and Cu atoms (both IB group metals), Ag atoms act as a mediator for the electron transport and mechanical connection at the Cu/MXene heterointerfaces, enabling CuAM-CB to achieve integrated high conductivity functionality (up to 95 % IACS) and strong mechanical properties (with a strength-plasticity product of ∼18 GPa %).
{"title":"The enhanced Cu/MXene heterointerfaces coupled with silver facilitate the integration of high conductivity functionality and strong mechanical properties","authors":"Peng Chen, Yilong Liang, Guigui Peng, Guanyu He, Xianli Ren, Xianyun Feng, Xing Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"Interface issues have consistently impeded efforts to balance a trade-off between the conductivity functionality and mechanical properties of Cu-matrix composites. Combining first-principles simulations, this study addresses this challenge by preparing a new Cu-matrix composite reinforced with MXene, Cu/Ag@MXene composite block (CuAM-CB), which improves the compatibility between metallic Cu and nonmetallic MXene facilitated by Ag modification anchored in situ onto MXene nanosheets, thus realizing element-coupled reinforcement of Ag at the Cu/MXene heterointerfaces. Benefiting from the strong interaction between Ag and C atoms from in situ self-reduction, as well as the excellent compatibility between Ag and Cu atoms (both IB group metals), Ag atoms act as a mediator for the electron transport and mechanical connection at the Cu/MXene heterointerfaces, enabling CuAM-CB to achieve integrated high conductivity functionality (up to 95 % IACS) and strong mechanical properties (with a strength-plasticity product of ∼18 GPa %).","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inherent high strength and low density of Al-containing refractory complex concentrate alloys (RCCAs) stand as significant advantages, yet their susceptibility to brittleness and early onset of plastic instability persist as critical limitations. The paper describes that, by tailoring the annealing process, the strength and strain hardening capacity can be synergistically optimized in a B2-ordered Ti3Zr1.5NbVAl0.75 lightweight RCCA. Following a 50% cold rolling and subsequent annealing at 1000°C, the alloy developed a completely recrystallized organization, whilst maintaining its original BCC+B2 structure. The tensile behavior exhibited minimal variance in comparison to its as-cast condition. Notably, upon undergoing an annealing treatment at 800°C, the precipitation of C14 Laves phase on the submicron scale alongside the formation of heterogeneous sub-grain structure endowed the alloy with an exceptional synergy of a tensile strength of ∼ 1200 MPa and a fracture elongation of ∼ 7%, together with a high work-hardening rate over 1 GPa. The sub-grain boundaries enhance dislocation multiplication and promote multiple slips, while the C14 Laves phase effectively hinders the propagation of slip bands, thus mitigating localized plastic flow. Dislocation accumulation at the phase interface subsequently promotes the formation of stacking faults in the Laves phase, which alleviates the stress concentration at the mismatched interface. This coordinated deformation within the heterogeneous structure ultimately imparts the alloy with superior mechanical properties. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing the properties of RCCAs through microstructural engineering and fostering their application in advanced manufacturing.
{"title":"Enhancing work hardening capacity of B2-ordered Ti3Zr1.5NbVAl0.75 light refractory complex concentrated alloy via heterogeneous precipitation of C14 Laves phase","authors":"Shuai Zeng, Yongkang Zhou, Bowen Zhao, Jingqian Chen, Xiaoya Liu, Bang Xiao, Aimin Wang, Huameng Fu, Haifeng Zhang, Zhengwang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.068","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent high strength and low density of Al-containing refractory complex concentrate alloys (RCCAs) stand as significant advantages, yet their susceptibility to brittleness and early onset of plastic instability persist as critical limitations. The paper describes that, by tailoring the annealing process, the strength and strain hardening capacity can be synergistically optimized in a B2-ordered Ti<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>NbVAl<sub>0.75</sub> lightweight RCCA. Following a 50% cold rolling and subsequent annealing at 1000°C, the alloy developed a completely recrystallized organization, whilst maintaining its original BCC+B2 structure. The tensile behavior exhibited minimal variance in comparison to its as-cast condition. Notably, upon undergoing an annealing treatment at 800°C, the precipitation of C14 Laves phase on the submicron scale alongside the formation of heterogeneous sub-grain structure endowed the alloy with an exceptional synergy of a tensile strength of ∼ 1200 MPa and a fracture elongation of ∼ 7%, together with a high work-hardening rate over 1 GPa. The sub-grain boundaries enhance dislocation multiplication and promote multiple slips, while the C14 Laves phase effectively hinders the propagation of slip bands, thus mitigating localized plastic flow. Dislocation accumulation at the phase interface subsequently promotes the formation of stacking faults in the Laves phase, which alleviates the stress concentration at the mismatched interface. This coordinated deformation within the heterogeneous structure ultimately imparts the alloy with superior mechanical properties. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing the properties of RCCAs through microstructural engineering and fostering their application in advanced manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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